SIST EN 14487-1:2023
(Main)Sprayed concrete - Part 1: Definitions, specifications and conformity
Sprayed concrete - Part 1: Definitions, specifications and conformity
This European Standard is applicable to sprayed concrete, to be used for repair and upgrading
of structures, for new structures and for strengthening of ground.
This European Standard covers:
- classification related to consistence of wet mix;
- environmental exposure classes; young, hardened and fibre reinforced concrete;
- requirements for constituent materials, for concrete composition and for basic mix, for
fresh and hardened concrete and all types of fibre reinforced sprayed concrete;
- specification for designed and prescribed mixes;
- conformity.
This European Standard is applicable to wet mix as well as dry mix sprayed concrete.
The substrates to which sprayed concrete can be applied include:
- ground (rock and soil);
- sprayed concrete;
- different types of formwork;
- structural components constituted of concrete, masonry and steel;
- drainage materials;
- insulating materials.
Additional or different requirements may be needed for applications not within this document, for
instance-refractory uses.
Spritzbeton - Teil 1: Begriffe, Festlegungen und Konformität
Dieses Dokument gilt für Spritzbeton, der zur Instandsetzung und für die Verstärkung von Tragwerken, für neue Tragwerke und für die Verfestigung des Bodens zu verwenden ist.
Dieses Dokument deckt Folgendes ab:
— Klassifikation nach der Konsistenz beim Nassspritzverfahren;
— Umweltexpositionsklassen; junger, Fest- und faserbewehrter Beton;
— Anforderungen an Ausgangsstoffe, Betonzusammensetzung und die Grundmischung und an Frisch- und Festbeton und alle Arten von faserbewehrtem Spritzbeton;
— Spezifikation von Entwurfsmischungen und Mischungen nach Zusammensetzung;
— Konformität.
Dieses Dokument ist auf das Nassspritzverfahren sowie auf das Trockenspritzverfahren anwendbar. Zu den Untergründen, auf die Spritzbeton aufgebracht werden kann, gehören:
— Boden (Fels- und Bodenmaterial);
— Spritzbeton;
— verschiedene Arten von Schalungen;
— Bauteile aus Beton, Mauerwerk und Stahl;
— Drainagewerkstoffe;
— Dämmstoffe.
Für Anwendungen, die in diesem Dokument nicht aufgeführt sind, wie z. B. für feuerfeste Baustoffe, können zusätzliche oder andere Anforderungen notwendig sein.
Béton projeté - Partie 1 : Définitions, spécifications et conformité
Le présent document s’applique au béton projeté destiné à la réparation et au renforcement de structures, aux structures neuves et au soutènement.
Le présent document couvre :
- la classification selon la consistance du mélange mouillé ;
- les classes d’exposition environnementales ; béton au jeune âge, durci et renforcé par des fibres ;
- les exigences relatives aux constituants, à la composition du béton et au mélange de base, au béton frais et durci et à tous les types de bétons projetés renforcés par des fibres ;
- la spécification des mélanges à propriétés spécifiées et prescrites ;
- les exigences de conformité.
Le présent document s’applique au mélange mouillé comme au mélange sec de béton projeté. Les supports sur lesquels du béton projeté peut être appliqué sont notamment :
- le sol (roche et terre) ;
- le béton projeté ;
- les différents types de coffrages ;
- les composants structurels en béton, maçonnerie et acier ;
- les matériaux de drainage ;
- les matériaux d’isolation.
Des exigences supplémentaires ou différentes peuvent être nécessaires pour les applications qui n’entrent pas dans le domaine d’application du présent document, par exemple l’application sur des matériaux réfractaires.
Brizgani beton - 1. del: Definicije, zahteve in skladnost
Ta evropski standard se uporablja za brizgani beton, ki se uporablja za popravilo in nadgradnjo konstrukcij, nove konstrukcije ter utrjevanje tal.
Ta evropski standard zajema:
– razvrstitev glede na konsistenco mokre mešanice;
– razrede izpostavljenosti v okolju; sveži, strjeni in z vlakni armirani beton;
– zahteve glede sestavnih materialov, sestave betona in osnovne mešanice za sveži in strjeni beton ter vse vrste brizganega betona, armiranega z vlakni;
– specifikacijo za pripravljene in predpisane mešanice;
– skladnost.
Ta evropski standard se uporablja za mokre in suhe mešanice brizganega betona.
Podlage, na katere se lahko nanaša brizgani beton:
– tla (kamnina in prst);
– brizgani beton;
– različne vrste opaža;
– konstrukcijske komponente iz betona, zidakov in jekla;
– drenažni materiali;
– izolacijski materiali.
Za specifične vrste uporabe, ki niso opisane v tem dokumentu (npr. ognjevzdržnost), so morda potrebne dodatne ali drugačne zahteve.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 14487-1:2023
01-januar-2023
Nadomešča:
SIST EN 14487-1:2006
Brizgani beton - 1. del: Definicije, zahteve in skladnost
Sprayed concrete - Part 1: Definitions, specifications and conformity
Spritzbeton - Teil 1: Begriffe, Festlegungen und Konformität
Béton projeté - Partie 1 : Définitions, spécifications et conformité
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 14487-1:2022
ICS:
01.040.91 Gradbeni materiali in gradnja Construction materials and
(Slovarji) building (Vocabularies)
91.100.30 Beton in betonski izdelki Concrete and concrete
products
SIST EN 14487-1:2023 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN 14487-1:2023
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SIST EN 14487-1:2023
EN 14487-1
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
November 2022
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 01.040.91; 91.100.30 Supersedes EN 14487-1:2005
English Version
Sprayed concrete - Part 1: Definitions, specifications and
conformity
Béton projeté - Partie 1 : Définitions, spécifications et Spritzbeton - Teil 1: Begriffe, Festlegungen und
conformité Konformität
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 2 October 2022.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2022 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 14487-1:2022 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST EN 14487-1:2023
EN 14487-1:2022 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 4
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 8
3.1 Mix component . 8
3.2 Product . 10
3.3 Process . 11
3.4 Properties . 12
3.5 Execution . 13
3.6 Operative . 13
3.7 Test and inspection . 14
4 Classification. 14
4.1 Consistence of wet mix . 14
4.2 Exposure classes . 14
4.3 Young sprayed concrete . 14
4.4 Compressive strength. 15
4.5 Fibre reinforced sprayed concrete . 16
4.5.1 General. 16
4.5.2 Residual strength classes . 16
4.5.3 Energy absorption capacity . 17
5 Requirements for sprayed concrete . 18
5.1 Requirements for constituent materials . 18
5.2 Requirements for sprayed concrete composition . 19
5.2.1 General. 19
5.2.2 Concrete composition . 20
5.3 Requirements on the basic mix . 20
5.4 Requirements for the fresh sprayed concrete. 21
5.5 Requirements for hardened sprayed concrete . 21
6 Specification for sprayed concrete . 22
6.1 General. 22
6.2 Data for specifying designed mix . 23
6.2.1 Basic data . 23
6.2.2 Additional data . 23
6.3 Data for specifying prescribed mix . 24
6.3.1 Basic data . 24
6.3.2 Additional data . 24
7 Assessment of conformity . 24
7.1 General. 24
7.2 Inspection categories . 25
7.3 Preconstruction testing . 25
7.4 Production control . 27
7.4.1 General. 27
7.4.2 Constituent materials control . 27
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EN 14487-1:2022 (E)
7.4.3 Control of basic mix . 30
7.4.4 Control of sprayed concrete properties . 30
7.5 Conformity criteria . 33
7.5.1 General . 33
7.5.2 Additional for fibre reinforced sprayed concrete . 34
Annex A (informative) Guidelines for definitions, specification and conformity for sprayed
concrete . 36
A.1 Introduction . 36
A.2 Scope . 36
A.3 Classification . 36
A.3.1 Guidance related to exposure classes . 36
A.3.2 Fibre reinforced sprayed concrete . 36
A.4 Guidance for sprayed concrete . 38
A.4.1 Constituent materials . 38
A.4.2 Guidance for the sprayed concrete composition . 38
A.5 Specification of sprayed concrete . 39
A.6 Assessment of conformity . 39
Bibliography . 43
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SIST EN 14487-1:2023
EN 14487-1:2022 (E)
European foreword
This document (EN 14487-1:2022) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 104 “Concrete
and related products”, the secretariat of which is held by SN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2023, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by May 2023.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN 14487-1:2005.
In comparison with the previous edition, the following technical modifications have been made:
— Table 3 has been added;
— Table 13 has been modified;
— Normative references have been updated.
This document has taken EN 206 as a basis. Some clauses which apply to sprayed concrete refer to
EN 206 because of their importance. Other clauses have been modified to meet the specific requirements
of sprayed concrete.
This document is only operable with product standards for constituent materials (i.e. cement, aggregates,
additions, admixtures, fibres and mixing water) and related test methods for sprayed concrete which
form the package defined below. For this reason, the latest date of withdrawal of national standards
(DOW) conflicting with this document is determined by TC 104 to be DAV + 6 months.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards body.
A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland,
Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North
Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and the United
Kingdom.
4
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SIST EN 14487-1:2023
EN 14487-1:2022 (E)
Introduction
This document will be applied in Europe under different climatic and geographical conditions, different
levels of protection and under different, well-established, regional traditions and experience. Classes for
concrete properties have been introduced to cover this situation. Where such general solutions were not
possible, the relevant clauses contain permission for the application of EN 206 or other standards valid
in the place of use.
This document incorporates rules for the use of constituent materials that are covered by European
Standards. Other by-products of industrial processes, recycled materials, etc. are in current use based on
local experience. Until European specifications for these materials are available, this document will not
provide rules for their use, but instead refers to the recommendations given in EN 206 to apply national
standards or provisions valid in the place of use of the concrete.
This document defines tasks for the specifier, producer and user. For example, the specifier is responsible
for the specification of concrete, Clauses 5 and 6 and the producer is responsible for conformity and
production control, Clause 7. The user is responsible for placing the concrete in the structure. In practice
there may be several different parties specifying requirements at various stages of the design and
construction process, e.g. the client, the designer, the contractor, the concreting sub-contractor. Each is
responsible for passing the specified requirements, together with any additional requirements, to the
next party in the chain until they reach the producer. In the terms of this document, this final compilation
is known as the “specification”.
Further explanations and guidance on the application of this document are given in Annex A.
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SIST EN 14487-1:2023
EN 14487-1:2022 (E)
1 Scope
This document is applicable to sprayed concrete to be used for repair and upgrading of structures, for
new structures and for strengthening of ground.
This document covers:
— classification related to consistence of wet mix;
— environmental exposure classes; young, hardened and fibre reinforced concrete;
— requirements for constituent materials, for concrete composition and for basic mix, for fresh and
hardened concrete and all types of fibre reinforced sprayed concrete;
— specification for designed and prescribed mixes;
— conformity.
This document is applicable to wet mix as well as dry mix sprayed concrete. The substrates to which
sprayed concrete can be applied include:
— ground (rock and soil);
— sprayed concrete;
— different types of formwork;
— structural components constituted of concrete, masonry and steel;
— drainage materials;
— insulating materials.
Additional or different requirements may be needed for applications not within this document, for
instance-refractory uses.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 197-1, Cement — Part 1: Composition, specifications and conformity criteria for common cements
EN 206:2013+A2:2021, Concrete — Specification, performance, production and conformity
EN 933-1, Tests for geometrical properties of aggregates — Part 1: Determination of particle size
distribution — Sieving method
EN 934-2, Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout — Part 2: Concrete admixtures — Definitions,
requirements, conformity, marking and labelling
EN 934-5:2007, Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout — Part 5: Admixtures for sprayed concrete —
Definitions, requirements, conformity, marking and labelling
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SIST EN 14487-1:2023
EN 14487-1:2022 (E)
EN 934-6, Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout — Part 6: Sampling, assessment and verification of
the constancy of performance
EN 1008, Mixing water for concrete — Specification for sampling, testing and assessing the suitability of
water, including water recovered from processes in the concrete industry, as mixing water for concrete
EN 1504-3, Products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete structures — Definitions,
requirements, quality control and evaluation of conformity — Part 3: Structural and non-structural repair
EN 1542, Products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete structures — Test methods —
Measurement of bond strength by pull-off
EN 12350-2, Testing fresh concrete — Part 2: Slump test
EN 12350-5, Testing fresh concrete — Part 5: Flow table test
EN 12350-6, Testing fresh concrete — Part 6: Density
EN 12390-3, Testing hardened concrete — Part 3: Compressive strength of test specimens
EN 12390-5, Testing hardened concrete — Part 5: Flexural strength of test specimens
EN 12390-7, Testing hardened concrete — Part 7: Density of hardened concrete
EN 12390-8, Testing hardened concrete — Part 8: Depth of penetration of water under pressure
EN 12390-13, Testing hardened concrete — Part 13: Determination of secant modulus of elasticity in
compression
EN 12504-1, Testing concrete in structures — Part 1: Cored specimens — Taking, examining and testing in
compression
EN 12504-2, Testing concrete in structures — Part 2: Non-destructive testing — Determination of rebound
number
EN 12620, Aggregates for concrete
EN 13412, Products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete structures — Test methods —
Determination of modulus of elasticity in compression
EN 14487-2, Sprayed concrete — Part 2: Execution
EN 14488-1, Testing sprayed concrete — Sampling fresh and hardened concrete
EN 14488-2, Testing sprayed concrete — Part 2: Compressive strength of young sprayed concrete
EN 14488-3, Testing sprayed concrete — Part 3: Flexural strengths (first peak, ultimate and residual) of
fibre reinforced beam specimens
EN 14488-4, Testing sprayed concrete — Part 4: Bond strength of cores by direct tension
EN 14488-5, Testing sprayed concrete — Part 5: Determination of energy absorption capacity of fibre
reinforced slab specimens
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SIST EN 14487-1:2023
EN 14487-1:2022 (E)
EN 14488-7, Testing sprayed concrete — Part 7: Fibre content of fibre reinforced concrete
EN 14651, Test method for metallic fibre concrete — Measuring the flexural tensile strength (limit of
proportionality (LOP), residual)
EN 14889-1, Fibres for concrete — Part 1: Steel fibres — Definitions, specifications and conformity
EN 14889-2, Fibres for concrete — Part 2: Polymer fibres — Definitions, specifications and conformity
ISO 758, Liquid chemical products for industrial use — Determination of density at 20 degrees C
ISO 20290-1, Aggregates for concrete — Test methods for mechanical and physical properties — Part 1:
Determination of bulk density, particle density, particle mass-per-volume and water absorption
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
3.1 Mix component
3.1.1 Admixtures
3.1.1.1
admixtures for basic mix
material added during the mixing process of concrete in a quantity not more than 5 % by mass of the
cement content of the concrete, to modify the properties of the mix in the fresh and/or hardened state
[SOURCE: EN 934-2:2009+A1:2012, definition 3.2.1]
3.1.1.2 Admixtures for projection
3.1.1.2.1
sprayed concrete set accelerating admixture
admixture to develop very early setting and very early hardening of the sprayed concrete differing from
set accelerating admixtures according to EN 934-2
Note 1 to entry: As defined and specified in EN 934-5:2007.
[SOURCE: EN 934-5:2007, definition 3.2.2]
3.1.1.2.2
non-alkaline sprayed concrete set accelerating admixture
sprayed concrete set accelerating admixture according to 3.1.1.2.1 with an alkali content (given as Na O
2
equivalent) not exceeding 1 % by mass of the admixture
Note 1 to entry: Admixture made according to EN 934-5:2007.
[SOURCE: EN 934-5:2007, definition 3.2.3]
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EN 14487-1:2022 (E)
3.1.2
additions
finely divided mineral material used in concrete in order to improve certain properties or to achieve
special properties
[SOURCE: EN 206:2013+A2:2021, definition 3.1.2.1]
3.1.3
cement
finely ground inorganic material which, when mixed with water, forms a paste that sets and hardens by
means of hydration reactions and processes and which, after hardening, retains its strength and stability
even under water
[SOURCE: EN 206:2013+A2:2021, definition 3.1.2.8]
3.1.4
aggregate
granular material used in construction, aggregate may be natural, manufactured or re-cycled
[SOURCE: EN 12620:2002+A1:2008, definition 3.1]
3.1.5 Fibres
3.1.5.1
steel fibres
straight or deformed pieces of cold-drawn steel wire, straight or deformed cut sheet fibres, melt extracted
fibres, shaved cold drawn wire fibres and fibres milled from steel blocks which are suitable to be
homogeneously mixed into concrete or mortar
[SOURCE: EN 14889-1:2006, definition 3.1]
3.1.5.2
polymer fibres
polymer fibres can be straight or deformed pieces of extruded orientated and cut material which are
suitable to be homogeneously mixed into concrete or mortar and which are not affected over time by the
high pH of concrete
[SOURCE: EN 14889-2:2006, definition 3.2]
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SIST EN 14487-1:2023
EN 14487-1:2022 (E)
3.2 Product
3.2.1 General
3.2.1.1
basic mix
mixture of cement, aggregates and any other constituents as fed into the spraying machine, excluding any
component added at the nozzle
Note 1 to entry: The basic mix may be dry or wet.
Note 2 to entry: The basic mix may also contain:
— additions;
— admixtures;
— fibres;
— water.
3.2.1.2 Sprayed concrete with fibres
3.2.1.2.1
fibre reinforced sprayed concrete
sprayed concrete, including reinforcing fibres to improve certain properties of concrete
3.2.1.2.2
sprayed concrete with crack reducing fibres
sprayed concrete with fibres that reduce cracking in young sprayed concrete
3.2.1.2.3
sprayed concrete with fibres for fire resistance
sprayed concrete with fibres for improved fire resistance
3.2.1.3
fresh sprayed concrete
concrete prior to setting
3.2.1.4
rebound
part of material that, having been sprayed through the nozzle, does not adhere to the surface of
application
3.2.1.5
reference sprayed concrete
sprayed concrete which does not contain admixtures for projection
Note 1 to entry: This definition cannot be applied to sprayed concrete produced with factory blended dry mix
containing admixtures for projection, in this case the admixture compatibility should be controlled according to
EN 934-5. The reference sprayed concrete is usually used as reference material for the evaluation of mechanical
properties changes with time of sprayed concrete (e.g. strength losses).
3.2.1.6
sprayed concrete
concrete produced with basic mix and projected pneumatically from a nozzle into place to produce a
dense homogeneous mass by its own momentum
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SIST EN 14487-1:2023
EN 14487-1:2022 (E)
3.2.1.7
young sprayed concrete
sprayed concrete up to an age of 24 hours
3.2.2 Dry mix
3.2.2.1
factory blended dry mix
basic mix with a minimum moisture content not exceeding 0,5 % by mass for the dry process (excluding
any component at the nozzle)
3.2.2.2
site batched dry mix
basic mix with a maximum moisture content of the aggregate not exceeding 6 % by mass for the dry
process which need to be used shortly after mixing
3.2.3
wet mix
basic mix to be used in the wet process
3.3 Process
3.3.1 Dry spraying process
3.3.1.1
pre-wetting
adding water to dry mix before the nozzle, in order to reduce dust and improve mix quality
3.3.1.2
dry mix conveying
method of conveying a dry mix with or without pre-wetting where the necessary amount of additional
water is added in the nozzle
3.3.2 Wet spraying process
3.3.2.1
dense flow conveying
pump conveying a wet mix to the nozzle, where it is pneumatically projected and compacted by adding
high pressure air
3.3.2.2
thin flow conveying
conveying of the basic mix to the nozzle, through hoses or pipes with high pressure air, where the force
of the transportation is used to project and compact the mix
3.3.3 General
3.3.3.1
nozzle
general term for the end of the conveying line, through which the mix is discharged
Note 1 to entry: It consists of a mixing unit, into which – depending on the process – water, compressed air and/or
admixtures are injected into the flow of the basic mix.
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SIST EN 14487-1:2023
EN 14487-1:2022 (E)
3.3.3.2
hose
flexible tube conveying mix
3.3.3.3
pipe
rigid tube conveying mix
3.3.3.4
curing
measures to reduce harmful evaporation and subsequent drying shrinkage of the sprayed concrete
3.4 Properties
3.4.1
early age strength
strength developed by young sprayed concrete
3.4.2
energy absorption capacity
energy, in Joule, absorbed in loading a fibre reinforced plate
Note 1 to entry: As described in EN 14488-5.
3.4.3
first peak flexural strength
stress at the determined first peak load which fibre reinforced concrete withstands when subjected to a
flexural test
Note 1 to entry: As specified in EN 14488-3.
3.4.4
open time
time between mixing and latest possible spraying of the basic mix
Note 1 to entry: It depends on type and quantity of cement, moisture content for the dry mix, type and amount of
admixtures and temperature.
3.4.5
residual strength
calculated stress in fibre reinforced concrete corresponding to a load in the load-deflection curve
recorded during the flexural test
Note 1 to entry: As defined in EN 14488-3.
3.4.6
ultimate flexural strength
stress corresponding to the maximum load which unreinforced or fibre reinforced concrete can
withstand when subjected to a flexural test
Note 1 to entry: As specified in EN 12390-5 and EN 14488-3.
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EN 14487-1:2022 (E)
3.5 Execution
3.5.1
free-standing structure
structure formed by spraying concrete against temporary or permanent formwork, which does not act
compositely with the ground or an existing structure
3.5.2
repair
replacement of inferior or deteriorated parts of concrete or masonry members
3.5.3
shadow effect
phenomenon of a poorer concrete compaction or voids on the rear side of for example, a reinforcement
bar, which is being sprayed on from one side only
3.5.4
strengthening of ground
formation of a temporary or permanent composite structure by spraying concrete against the ground
3.5.5
substrate
surface to which the sprayed conc
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 14487-1:2021
01-junij-2021
Brizgani beton - 1. del: Definicije, zahteve in skladnost
Sprayed concrete - Part 1: Definitions, specifications and conformity
Spritzbeton - Teil 1: Begriffe, Festlegungen und Konformität
Béton projeté - Partie 1 : Définitions, spécifications et conformité
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 14487-1
ICS:
01.040.91 Gradbeni materiali in gradnja Construction materials and
(Slovarji) building (Vocabularies)
91.100.30 Beton in betonski izdelki Concrete and concrete
products
oSIST prEN 14487-1:2021 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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oSIST prEN 14487-1:2021
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oSIST prEN 14487-1:2021
DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
prEN 14487-1
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
April 2021
ICS 01.040.91; 91.100.30 Will supersede EN 14487-1:2005
English Version
Sprayed concrete - Part 1: Definitions, specifications and
conformity
Béton projeté - Partie 1: Définitions, spécifications et Spritzbeton - Teil 1: Begriffe, Festlegungen und
conformité Konformität
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 104.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations
which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without
notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2021 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 14487-1:2021 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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Contents Page
European foreword . 3
Introduction . 4
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms and definitions . 7
4 Classification. 13
5 Requirements for sprayed concrete . 17
6 Specification for sprayed concrete . 21
7 Assessment of conformity . 23
Annex A (informative) Guidelines for definitions, specification and conformity for sprayed
concrete . 35
A.1 General. 35
A.2 Scope . 35
Bibliography . 42
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European foreword
This document (prEN 14487-1:2021) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 104 “Concrete
and related products”, the secretariat of which is held by SN.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document will supersede EN 14487-1:2005.
In comparison with the previous edition, the following technical modifications have been made:
— Table 3 has been added;
— Table 13 has been modified;
— Normative references have been updated.
This document has taken EN 206 as a basis. Some clauses which apply to sprayed concrete refer to
EN 206 because of their importance. Other clauses have been modified to meet the specific requirements
of sprayed concrete.
This document is only operable with product standards for constituent materials (i.e. cement, aggregates,
additions, admixtures, fibres and mixing water) and related test methods for sprayed concrete which
form the package defined below. For this reason, the latest date of withdrawal of national standards
(DOW) conflicting with this document is determined by TC 104 to be 2023-04-05.
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Introduction
This document will be applied in Europe under different climatic and geographical conditions, different
levels of protection and under different, well-established, regional traditions and experience. Classes for
concrete properties have been introduced to cover this situation. Where such general solutions were not
possible, the relevant clauses contain permission for the application of EN 206 or other standards valid
in the place of use.
This document incorporates rules for the use of constituent materials that are covered by European
Standards. Other by-products of industrial processes, recycled materials etc. are in current use based on
local experience. Until European specifications for these materials are available, this document will not
provide rules for their use, but instead refers to the recommendations given in EN 206 to apply national
standards or provisions valid in the place of use of the concrete.
This document defines tasks for the specifier, producer and user. For example, the specifier is responsible
for the specification of concrete, Clauses 5 and 6 and the producer is responsible for conformity and
production control, Clause 7. The user is responsible for placing the concrete in the structure. In practice
there may be several different parties specifying requirements at various stages of the design and
construction process e.g. the client, the designer, the contractor, the concreting sub-contractor. Each is
responsible for passing the specified requirements, together with any additional requirements, to the
next party in the chain until they reach the producer. In the terms of this document, this final compilation
is known as the “specification”.
Further explanations and guidance on the application of this document are given in Annex A.
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1 Scope
This document is applicable to sprayed concrete, to be used for repair and upgrading of structures, for
new structures and for strengthening of ground.
This document covers:
— classification related to consistence of wet mix;
— environmental exposure classes; young, hardened and fibre reinforced concrete;
— requirements for constituent materials, for concrete composition and for basic mix, for fresh and
hardened concrete and all types of fibre reinforced sprayed concrete;
— specification for designed and prescribed mixes;
— conformity.
This document is applicable to wet mix as well as dry mix sprayed concrete. The substrates to which
sprayed concrete can be applied include:
— ground (rock and soil);
— sprayed concrete;
— different types of formwork;
— structural components constituted of concrete, masonry and steel;
— drainage materials;
— insulating materials.
Additional or different requirements may be needed for applications not within this document, for
instance-refractory uses.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 197-1, Cement - Part 1: Composition, specifications and conformity criteria for common cements
EN 206:2013+A1:2016, Concrete - Specification, performance, production and conformity
EN 933-1, Tests for geometrical properties of aggregates - Part 1: Determination of particle size distribution
- Sieving method
EN 934-2, Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout — Part 2: Concrete admixtures — Definitions,
requirements, conformity, marking and labelling
EN 934-5:2007, Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout - Part 5: Admixtures for sprayed concrete -
Definitions, requirements, conformity, marking and labelling
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EN 934-6, Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout - Part 6: Sampling, assessment and verification of the
constancy of performance
EN 1008, Mixing water for concrete - Specification for sampling, testing and assessing the suitability of
water, including water recovered from processes in the concrete industry, as mixing water for concrete
EN 1504-3, Products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete structures - Definitions,
requirements, quality control and evaluation of conformity - Part 3: Structural and non-structural repair
EN 1542, Products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete structures - Test methods -
Measurement of bond strength by pull-off
EN 12350-2, Testing fresh concrete - Part 2: Slump test
EN 12350-3, Testing fresh concrete - Part 3: Vebe test
EN 12350-5, Testing fresh concrete - Part 5: Flow table test
EN 12350-6, Testing fresh concrete - Part 6: Density
EN 12390-5, Testing hardened concrete - Part 5: Flexural strength of test specimens
EN 12390-7, Testing hardened concrete - Part 7: Density of hardened concrete
EN 12390-8, Testing hardened concrete - Part 8: Depth of penetration of water under pressure
EN 12504-1, Testing concrete in structures - Part 1: Cored specimens - Taking, examining and testing in
compression
EN 12504-2, Testing concrete in structures - Part 2: Non-destructive testing - Determination of rebound
number
EN 12620, Aggregates for concrete
EN 13412, Products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete structures - Test methods -
Determination of modulus of elasticity in compression
EN 14487-2, Sprayed concrete - Part 2: Execution
EN 14488-1, Testing sprayed concrete - Sampling fresh and hardened concrete
EN 14488-2, Testing sprayed concrete - Part 2: Compressive strength of young sprayed concrete
EN 14488-3, Testing sprayed concrete - Part 3: Flexural strengths (first peak, ultimate and residual) of fibre
reinforced beam specimens
EN 14488-4, Testing sprayed concrete — Part 4: Bond strength of cores by direct tension
EN 14488-5, Testing sprayed concrete - Part 5: Determination of energy absorption capacity of fibre
reinforced slab specimens
EN 14488-7, Testing sprayed concrete - Part 7: Fibre content of fibre reinforced concrete
EN 14889-1:2004, Fibres for concrete — Part 1: Steel fibres — Definition, specification and conformity
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EN 14889-2:2004, Fibres for concrete — Part 2: Polymer fibres — Definition, specification and conformity
ISO 758, Liquid chemical products for industrial use — Determination of density at 20 degrees C
ISO 6782, Aggregates for concrete — Determination of bulk density
ISO 6784, Concrete — Determination of static modulus of elasticity in compression
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
3.1 Mix component
3.1.1 Admixtures
3.1.1.1
admixtures for basic mix
material added during the mixing process of concrete in a quantity not more than 5 % by mass of the
cement content of the concrete, to modify the properties of the mix in the fresh and /or hardened state
[SOURCE: EN 934-2, definition 3.2.1]
3.1.1.2 Admixtures for projection
3.1.1.2.1
sprayed concrete set accelerating admixture
admixture to develop very early setting and very early hardening of the sprayed concrete differing from
set accelerating admixtures
Note 1 to entry: As defined and specified in EN 934-5.
[SOURCE: EN 934-5, definition 3.2.2]
3.1.1.2.2
non-alkaline sprayed concrete set accelerating admixture
sprayed concrete set accelerating admixture with an alkali content not exceeding 1 % by mass of the
admixture
Note 1 to entry: Admixture made according to EN 934-5.
[SOURCE: EN 934-5, definition 3.2.3]
3.1.2
additions
finely divided material used in concrete in order to improve certain properties or to achieve special
properties
[SOURCE: EN 206, definition 3.1.2.1]
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3.1.3
cement
finely ground inorganic material which, when mixed with water, forms a paste that sets and hardens by
means of hydration reactions and processes and which, after hardening, retains its strength and stability
even under water
[SOURCE: EN 206, definition 3.1.2.8]
3.1.4
aggregate
granular material used in construction. Aggregate may be natural, manufactured or re-cycled
[SOURCE: EN 12620, definition 3.1]
3.1.2 Fibres
3.1.5.1
steel fibres
steel fibres are straight or deformed pieces of cold-drawn steel wire, straight or deformed cut sheet fibres,
melt extracted fibres, shaved cold drawn wire fibres and fibres milled from steel blocks which are suitable
to be homogeneously mixed into concrete or mortar
[SOURCE: EN 14889-1, definition 3.1]
3.1.5.2
polymer fibres
polymer fibres can be straight or deformed pieces of extruded orientated and cut material which are
suitable to be homogeneously mixed into concrete or mortar and which are not affected over time by the
high pH of concrete
[SOURCE: EN 14889-2, definition 3.2]
3.2 Product
3.2.1 General
3.2.1.1
basic mix
mixture of cement, aggregates and any other constituents as fed into the spraying machine, excluding any
component added at the nozzle. The basic mix may be dry or wet. The basic mix may also contain:
— additions
— admixtures
— fibres
— water
3.2.1.1 Sprayed concrete with fibres
3.2.1.2.1
fibre reinforced sprayed concrete
sprayed concrete, including reinforcing fibres to improve certain properties of concrete
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3.2.1.2.2
sprayed concrete with crack reducing fibres
sprayed concrete with fibres that reduces cracking in young sprayed concrete
3.2.1.2.3
sprayed concrete with fibres for fire resistance
sprayed concrete with fibres for improved fire resistance
3.2.1.3
fresh sprayed concrete
concrete prior to setting
3.2.1.4
rebound
part of material that, having been sprayed through the nozzle, does not adhere to the surface of
application
3.2.1.5
reference sprayed concrete
sprayed concrete which does not contain admixtures for projection
NOTE This definition cannot be applied to sprayed concrete produced with factory blended dry mix containing
admixtures for projection, in this case the admixture compatibility should be controlled according to EN 934-5. The
reference sprayed concrete is usually used as reference material for the evaluation of mechanical properties
changes with time of sprayed concrete (e.g. strength losses)
3.2.1.6
sprayed concrete
concrete produced with basic mix and projected pneumatically from a nozzle into place to produce a
dense homogeneous mass by its own momentum
3.2.1.7
young sprayed concrete
sprayed concrete up to an age of 24 h
3.2.2 Dry mix
3.2.2.1
factory blended dry mix
basic mix with a minimum moisture content not exceeding 0,5 % by mass for the dry process (excluding
any component at the nozzle)
3.2.2.2
site batched dry mix
basic mix with a maximum moisture content of the aggregate not exceeding 6 % by mass for the dry
process
3.2.3
wet mix
basic mix to be used in the wet process
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3.3 Process
3.3.1 dry spraying process
3.3.1.1
pre-wetting
adding water to dry mix before the nozzle, in order to reduce dust and improve mix quality
3.3.1.2
dry mix conveying
method of conveying a dry mix with or without pre-wetting where the necessary amount of additional
water is added in the nozzle
3.3.2 wet spraying process
3.3.2.1
dense flow conveying
pump conveying a wet mix to the nozzle, where it is pneumatically projected and compacted by adding
high pressure air
3.3.2.2
thin flow conveying
conveying of the basic mix to the nozzle, through hoses or pipes with high pressure air, where the force
of the transportation is used to project and compact the mix
3.3.3 General
3.3.3.1
nozzle
general term for the end of the conveying line, through which the mix is discharged
Note 1 to entry: It consists of a mixing unit, into which – depending on the process – water, compressed air and/or
admixtures are injected into the flow of the basic mix
3.3.3.2
hose
flexible tube conveying mix
3.3.3.3
pipe
rigid tube conveying mix
3.3.3.4
curing
measures to reduce harmful evaporation and subsequent drying shrinkage of the sprayed concrete
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3.4 Properties
3.4.1
early age strength
strength developed by young sprayed concrete
3.4.2
energy absorption capacity
energy, in Joule, absorbed in loading a fibre reinforced plate
Note 1 to entry: As described in EN 14488-5
3.4.3
first peak flexural strength
stress at the determined first peak load which fibre reinforced concrete withstands when subjected to a
flexural test
Note 1 to entry: As specified in EN 14488-3
3.4.4
open time
time between mixing and latest possible spraying of the basic mix. It depends on type and quantity of
cement, moisture content for the dry mix, type and amount of admixtures and temperature
3.4.5
residual strength
calculated stress in fibre reinforced concrete corresponding to a load in the load-deflection curve
recorded during the flexural test
Note 1 to entry: As defined in EN 14488-3
3.4.6
ultimate flexural strength
stress corresponding to the maximum load which unreinforced or fibre reinforced concrete can
withstand when subjected to a flexural test
Note 1 to entry: As specified in EN 12390-5 and EN 14488-3
3.5 Execution
3.5.1
free-standing structure
structure formed by spraying concrete against temporary or permanent formwork, which does not act
compositely with the ground or an existing structure
3.5.2
repair
replacement of inferior or deteriorated parts of concrete or masonry members
3.5.3
shadow effect
phenomenon of a poorer concrete compaction or voids on the rear side, of for example, a reinforcement
bar, which is being sprayed on from one side only
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3.5.4
strengthening of ground
formation of a temporary or permanent composite structure by spraying concrete against the ground
3.5.5
substrate
surface to which the sprayed concrete is applied
3.5.6
surface improvement
use of layer of sprayed concrete in order to improve the durability or the appearance of the structure
3.5.7
upgrading
placing of additional sprayed concrete, with or without reinforcement, in order to increase the load
bearing capacity or the integrity of the structure
3.6 Operative
3.6.1
nozzleman
operator who controls and regulates the application of the sprayed concrete
3.6.1.1
nozzleman - manual spraying
nozzleman with special skills for spraying with hand-held nozzle
3.6.1.2
operator – robot spraying
nozzleman with special skills for robot spraying
3.6.2
certified nozzleman/operator
nozzleman/operator with specialist skills
Note 1 to entry: Skills according to requirements in EN 14487-2
3.7 Test and inspection
3.7.1
preliminary test for sprayed concrete
test or tests to check how a sprayed concrete is composed in order to meet all the specified requirements
in the fresh and hardened state
3.7.2
preconstruction test
test or tests performed with the proposed personnel, materials, equipment and spray method which the
contractor will carry out before the start of the spraying work to ensure that the specified properties are
met
3.7.3
inspection
activities carried out in order to check that execution is in accordance with the project specification
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3.7.4
inspection category
set of properties and their testing frequencies, selected according to the level of risk and the design life
of the structure
3.7.5
assessment of conformity
systematic examination of the extent to which a production process and a product are capable of fulfilling
special requirements
4 Classification
4.1 Consistence of wet mix
The classification of consistence of fresh concrete in this document is applicable for wet mixed concrete
before being sprayed and consistence classes in EN 206 shall be applied.
4.2 Exposure classes
The limiting values for composition of concrete related to the exposure classes given in EN 206, apply for
sprayed concrete with the following exceptions:
3
— recommendation on minimum cement content in the basic mix shall be 300 kg/m ;
— recommendation on minimum air content is not applicable.
NOTE Current available test methods for the measurement of air content do not give reliable data results for
fresh sprayed concrete.
4.3 Young sprayed concrete
Young sprayed concrete may also be classified according to the ranges of its significant early strength
development. The classification is based on the average range of the typical hardening rate according to
the chosen production process and requirements.
When specified the strength development of the young sprayed concrete shall apply to the early strength
. Early strength class J1 is defined by at least 3 data points
classes J1, J2 or J3 according to Figure 1
(compressive strength vs. time) falling in the area between the lines A and B, class J2 in the area between
the lines B and C and class J3 above the line C.
The recommended time intervals in which strength data have to be evaluated are: 0 h to 1 h; 4 h to 6 h;
12 h to 24 h.
Early strength development shall be determined with the penetration needle method according to
EN 14488-2 and/or stud driving method according to EN 14488-2, according to the expected strength
range (see Table 1).
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Key
X minutes
Y 2
compressive strength, f in N/mm
G
Z hours
Figure 1 — Early strength classes of young sprayed concrete
Table 1 — Range of strength of young concrete determined by different test methods
Method Range of strength of young
concrete (MPa)
EN 14488-2 – Method A 0,2 to 1,2
EN 14488-2 – Method B 2 to 16
NOTE Current available test methods are not able to cover the entire range of expected early strength.
4.4 Compressive strength
The compressive strength of sprayed concrete is classified according to EN 206.
4.5 Fibre reinforced sprayed concrete
4.5.1 General
Fibre reinforced sprayed concrete has additional and/or complementary properties, some of which are
related to residual strength and energy absorption capacity. Informative guidance on the classification
principles is given in Annex A.
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4.5.2 Residual strength classes
4.5.2.1 General
Classification of residual strength shall be made by specification of a strength level at a certain
deformation range.
This can be done using the four point bending test (Method A) or using the alternative three point bending
test on square panel (Method B), both described in the EN 14488-3.
4.5.2.2 Classification according to the four point bending test without notch
Classification of residual strength shall be made by specification of a strength level at a certain
deformation range according to Table 2 and determined in accordance with EN 14488-3 and denoted by
combination of the symbols for the specified deformation range and strength level, e.g. Class D2S2 means
that the residual strength shall exceed 2 MPa between 0, 5 mm and 2 mm deflection.
Table 2 — Definitions of residual strength classes
Deformation range Strength level (minimum strength, MPa)
Deflection
S1 S2 S3 S4
mm
D1 0,5 to 1
D2 0,5 to 2 1 2 3 4
D3 0,5 to 4
4.5.2.3 Classification according to alternative three point bending test on square panel with
notch
Parameters, f representing the residual flexural tensile strength, are evaluated from the F-CMOD
R ,j
s
relationship, as follows:
3Fs, j × l
fRs, j=
2
2bh
sp
where
f is the residual flexural strength corresponding to CMOD = CMOD in MPa;
R ,j j
s
F is is the load corresponding to CMOD = CMOD in N;
s,j j
l is the spam length in mm;
b the specimen width in mm;
h the distance between the notch tip and the top of the specimen in mm.
sp
If the three points bending tests on square panel within notch is specified, it shall be determined in
accordance to EN 14488-3.
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Table 3 — Definition of class of ductility
Class of ductility Ductility requirement Crack control requirement
Class 1 f /f > 0,5 f /f > 0,4
R 3k R 1k R 1k L k
s s s s
Class 2 f /f > 0,7 f /f > 0,5
R 3k R 1k R 1k L k
s s s s
Class 3 f /f > 0,9 f /f > 0,6
R 3k R 1k R 1k L k
s s s s
Class 1 for ductility and crack control requirement meets the requirements of the Model Code.
Depending on the application (structural or non-structural), crack control requirement must be specified
accordingly.
4.5.3 Energy absorption capacity
If the energy absorption capacity of the material is specified, it shall be determined from a slab specimen
tested in accordance to EN 14488-5.
Key
X Deflection [mm]
Y Load [kN]
Figure 2 — Typical Load-Deflection graph
The definitions of F and F are:
el-max post-crack
F is the maximum load value of the elastic part of the load-deflection curve;
el-max
F is the maximum load value between F and the load value at 5 mm-deflection.
post-crack el-max
Each load-deflection curve shall fulfil the following criteria:
— F shall be reached for a deflection lower than 2 mm;
el-max
— F shall be higher than 70 % of F .
post-crack el-max
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Table 4 — Definitions of energy absorption classes
Energy absorption in J for deflection up to
Energy absorption class
25 mm
E500 500
E700 700
E1000 1000
5 Requirements for sprayed concrete
5.1 Requirements for constituent materials
Constituent materials shall not contain harmful ingredients in such quantities as may be detrimental to
the durability of the concrete, or cause corrosion of the reinforcement and shall be suitable for the
intended use in sprayed concrete.
Where general suitability is established for a constituent material, this does not indicate suitability in
every situation and for every sprayed concrete composition.
Only constituents with established suitability for the specified application shall be used in sprayed
concrete conforming to this document.
The general suitability of a constituent material is established when it conforms to a European Standard.
Requirements for constituent materials are given in Table 5.
Table 5 — Requirement for constit
...
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