SIST EN 14805:2022
(Main)Chemicals used for treatment of water intended for human consumption - Sodium chloride for on site electrochlorination using non-membrane technology
Chemicals used for treatment of water intended for human consumption - Sodium chloride for on site electrochlorination using non-membrane technology
This document is applicable to sodium chloride intended for on site electrochlorination of water intended for human consumption using non-membrane technology. It describes the characteristics and specifies the requirements and the corresponding test methods for sodium chloride (see Annex B). It gives information on its use in water treatment.
Produkte zur Aufbereitung von Wasser für den menschlichen Gebrauch - Natriumchlorid zur elektrochemischen Erzeugung von Chlor vor Ort mittels membranloser Verfahren
Dieses Dokument ist anzuwenden für Natriumchlorid zur elektrochemischen Erzeugung von Chlor vor Ort mittels membranloser Verfahren zur Aufbereitung von Wasser für den menschlichen Gebrauch. Es beschreibt die Eigenschaften und legt die Anforderungen sowie die entsprechenden Prüfverfahren (siehe Anhang B) für Natriumchlorid fest. Es enthält Angaben zur Anwendung des Produktes in der Wasseraufbereitung.
Produits chimiques utilisés pour le traitement de l'eau destinée à la consommation humaine - Chlorure de sodium pour la génération électrochimique de chlore utilisant des technologies non membranaires
Le présent document s’applique au chlorure de sodium utilisé pour la génération électrochimique de chlore dans l’eau destinée à la consommation humaine utilisant des technologies non membranaires. Il décrit les caractéristiques et spécifie les exigences et les méthodes d’essai correspondantes pour le chlorure de sodium (voir Annexe B). Il donne des informations sur son emploi dans le traitement de l’eau.
Kemikalije, ki se uporabljajo za pripravo pitne vode - Natrijev klorid za pridobivanje klora po elektrokemijskem postopku brez uporabe membranske tehnologije
Ta dokument obravnava natrijev klorid, ki se uporablja za elektrokloriranje vode, namenjene za prehrano ljudi, na mestu uporabe z nemembransko tehnologijo. Opisuje značilnosti natrijevega klorida ter določa zahteve in ustrezne preskusne metode zanj (glej dodatek B). Podaja informacije za njegovo uporabo pri pripravi vode.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 14805:2022
01-junij-2022
Nadomešča:
SIST EN 14805:2009
Kemikalije, ki se uporabljajo za pripravo pitne vode - Natrijev klorid za pridobivanje
klora po elektrokemijskem postopku brez uporabe membranske tehnologije
Chemicals used for treatment of water intended for human consumption - Sodium
chloride for on site electrochlorination using non-membrane technology
Produkte zur Aufbereitung von Wasser für den menschlichen Gebrauch - Natriumchlorid
zur elektrochemischen Erzeugung von Chlor vor Ort mittels membranloser Verfahren
Produits chimiques utilisés pour le traitement de l'eau destinée à la consommation
humaine - Chlorure de sodium pour la génération électrochimique de chlore utilisant des
technologies non membranaires
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 14805:2022
ICS:
13.060.20 Pitna voda Drinking water
71.100.80 Kemikalije za čiščenje vode Chemicals for purification of
water
SIST EN 14805:2022 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN 14805:2022
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SIST EN 14805:2022
EN 14805
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
April 2022
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 71.100.80 Supersedes EN 14805:2008
English Version
Chemicals used for treatment of water intended for human
consumption - Sodium chloride for on site
electrochlorination using non-membrane technology
Produits chimiques utilisés pour le traitement de l'eau Produkte zur Aufbereitung von Wasser für den
destinée à la consommation humaine - Chlorure de menschlichen Gebrauch - Natriumchlorid zur
sodium pour la génération électrochimique de chlore elektrochemischen Erzeugung von Chlor vor Ort
utilisant des technologies non membranaires mittels membranloser Verfahren
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 20 March 2022.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2022 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 14805:2022 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST EN 14805:2022
EN 14805:2022 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
Introduction . 4
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms and definitions . 5
4 Description . 6
4.1 Identification . 6
4.2 Commercial forms . 6
4.3 Physical properties . 6
4.4 Chemical properties . 8
5 Purity criteria . 8
5.1 General . 8
5.2 Composition of commercial product . 8
5.3 Impurities and main by-products . 9
5.4 Chemical parameters . 9
6 Test methods . 10
6.1 Sampling . 10
6.2 Analyses . 10
7 Labelling - transportation - storage. 14
7.1 Means of delivery . 14
7.2 Risk and safety labelling in accordance with EU directives . 14
7.3 Transportation regulations and labelling . 14
7.4 Marking . 14
7.5 Storage . 15
Annex A (informative) General information on sodium chloride for electrochlorination . 16
Annex B (normative) Analytical methods . 18
Bibliography . 35
2
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EN 14805:2022 (E)
European foreword
This document (EN 14805:2022) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 164 “Water
supply”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2022, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by October 2022.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN 14805:2008.
In comparison with the previous edition EN 14805:2008, the following technical modifications have
been made:
a) modification of 7.3 on transportation regulations and labelling, adding the sentence “The user must
be aware of the incompatibilities between transported products.”;
b) modification of 7.4 on marking. The requirements of marking are also applied to the accompanying
documents;
c) deletion of reference to EU Directive 67/548/EEC of June 27, 1967 in order to take into account the
latest Regulation in force (see [2]);
d) EU Directive 98/83/EC (see [1]) of 3 November 1998 shall be taken into account the latest
Regulation in force for drinking water.
e) modification of moisture content in Table 2, to be in line with EN 973:2009 and EN 16401:2013.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards body.
A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the
United Kingdom.
3
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SIST EN 14805:2022
EN 14805:2022 (E)
Introduction
In respect of potential adverse effects on the quality of water intended for human consumption, caused
by the product covered by this document:
a) this document provides no information as to whether the product may be used without restriction
in any of the Member States of the EU or EFTA;
b) it should be noted that, while awaiting the adoption of verifiable European criteria, existing
national regulations concerning the use and/or the characteristics of this product remain in force.
NOTE 1 Conformity with this document does not confer or imply acceptance or approval of the product in any
of the Member States of the EU or EFTA. The use of the product covered by this document is subject to regulation
or control by National Authorities.
NOTE 2 This product could qualify as a biocide precursor and needs to comply with the relevant legislation in
force. In the European Union, at the time of publication, this legislation is Regulation (EU) No. 528/2012.
4
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EN 14805:2022 (E)
1 Scope
This document is applicable to sodium chloride intended for on-site electrochlorination of water
intended for human consumption using non-membrane technology. It describes the characteristics and
specifies the requirements and the corresponding test methods for sodium chloride (see Annex B). It
gives information on its use in water treatment.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 973:2009, Chemicals used for treatment of water intended for human consumption - Sodium chloride
for regeneration of ion exchangers
EN ISO 3696, Water for analytical laboratory use - Specification and test methods (ISO 3696)
ISO 2479, Sodium chloride for industrial use — Determination of matter insoluble in water or in acid and
preparation of principal solutions for other determinations
ISO 2480, Sodium chloride for industrial use — Determination of sulphate content — Barium sulphate
gravimetric method
ISO 2482, Sodium chloride for industrial use — Determination of calcium and magnesium contents —
EDTA complexometric methods
ISO 2483, Sodium chloride for industrial use — Determination of the loss of mass at 110 degrees C
ISO 3165, Sampling of chemical products for industrial use — Safety in sampling
ISO 6206, Chemical products for industrial use — Sampling — Vocabulary
ISO 6227, Chemical products for industrial use — General method for determination of chloride ions —
Potentiometric method
ISO 8213, Chemical products for industrial use — Sampling techniques — Solid chemical products in the
form of particles varying from powders to coarse lumps
3 Terms and definitions
No terms and definitions are listed in this document.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
5
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SIST EN 14805:2022
EN 14805:2022 (E)
4 Description
4.1 Identification
4.1.1 Chemical name
Sodium chloride
4.1.2 Synonym or common name
Salt
4.1.3 Relative molecular mass
58,45
4.1.4 Empirical formula
NaCl
4.1.5 Chemical formula
NaCl
1
4.1.6 CAS Registry Number
7647-14-5
2
4.1.7 EINECS Reference
231-598-3
4.2 Commercial forms
The product is available as rock salt, sea salt or evaporated salt, and it is supplied as free-flowing
crystals or their compacted forms.
4.3 Physical properties
4.3.1 Appearance
The product is white and crystalline.
4.3.2 Density
3
The density of the solid crystal is 2,16 g/cm at 20 °C.
The bulk density depends on the particle size distribution.
4.3.3 Solubility (in water)
The solubility of the product depends on the temperature as given in Figure 1.
1
Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number.
2
European Inventory of Existing Commercial chemical Substances Reference.
6
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SIST EN 14805:2022
EN 14805:2022 (E)
Temperature NaCl solution
°C Mass fraction in %
- 10 25,0
0 26,34
10 26,35
20 26,43
30 26,56
40 26,71
50 26,89
60 27,09
70 27,30
80 27,53
90 27,80
100 28,12
Key
1 transition point
NaCl → NaCl . 2H O
2
Figure 1 — Solubility curve for sodium chloride in water
4.3.4 Vapour pressure
Not applicable.
3
4.3.5 Boiling point at 100 kPa
Not applicable.
4.3.6 Melting point
802 °C
4.3.7 Specific heat
Approximately 850 J/(kg⋅K) at 25 °C for the solid.
4.3.8 Viscosity (dynamic)
The viscosity of the saturated solution at 20 °C is approximately 1,9 mPa⋅s.
4.3.9 Critical temperature
Not applicable.
3
100 kPa = 1 bar.
7
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EN 14805:2022 (E)
4.3.10 Critical pressure
Not applicable.
4.3.11 Physical hardness
The hardness of solid salt is given as 2 to 2,5 on the Mohs' scale of hardness.
4.4 Chemical properties
Sodium chloride is stable and non-volatile, and aqueous solutions have good electrical conductivity.
Sodium chloride is decomposed by a number of acids. It reacts with sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid and
strong oxidizing agents. The reactions are often complex and require heat for completion.
NOTE Under certain conditions a sodium chloride solution can cause corrosion of metallic surfaces.
5 Purity criteria
5.1 General
This document specifies the minimum purity requirements for sodium chloride for on-site
electrochlorination of water intended for human consumption using non-membrane technology. As the
treatment chemical produced by this process is sodium hypochlorite, limits have been calculated from
the requirements of EN 901:2013 [3] (sodium hypochlorite) for those impurities commonly present in
the product and the chemical parameters. Consideration has also been given to the requirements of
EN 973:2009 (sodium chloride) for regeneration of ion exchangers. Depending on the raw material and
the manufacturing process, other impurities can be present and, if so, this shall be notified to the user
and, when necessary, to relevant authorities.
The national regulations allow users to clarify whether the product is of appropriate purity for the
treatment of water intended for human consumption, taking into account raw water quality, required
dosage, contents of other impurities and additives used in the product and not stated in this product
standard.
This does not imply any real difference between the chemical purity between salt types meeting either
specification.
Limits have been given for impurities and chemical parameters where these are likely to be present in
significant quantities from the current production process and raw materials. If the production process
or raw materials lead to significant quantities of impurities, by-products or additives being present, this
shall be notified to the user.
5.2 Composition of commercial product
5.2.1 Sodium chloride content
The content of sodium chloride in the dry product shall not be less than:
Type 1: mass fraction of 99,9 % of dry sodium chloride, NaCl;
Type 2: mass fraction of 98,5 % of dry sodium chloride, NaCl.
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EN 14805:2022 (E)
5.2.2 Anticaking agent
Subject to any local legislation in member states, an anticaking agent, sodium or potassium
hexacyanoferrate, is allowed up to a maximum level in the final product of 15 mg/kg, expressed as the
-4
anhydrous hexacyanoferrate ion [Fe(CN )] ; for the determination, see EN 973:2009, B.3. If gaseous
6
free chlorine is produced as a stage in the electrochlorination process, the level of hexacyanoferrate ion
present should be less than 3 mg/kg.
5.3 Impurities and main by-products
The product shall conform to the requirements specified in Table 1 and Table 2.
Table 1 — Impurities
Impurity Limit in mass fraction in % of NaCl content
Water-insoluble matter Type 1 Type 2
max. 0,05 0,35
Bromide max. 0,025 0,05
Table 2 — Moisture content
Impurity Limit in mass fraction in % of NaCl content
Moisture content Dry salt Un-dried salt
max. 0,6 5
5.4 Chemical parameters
The product shall conform to the requirements specified in Table 3.
Table 3 — Chemical parameters
Parameter Limits in mg/kg of commercial product
Type 1 Type 2
Arsenic (As) max. 0,3 1,5
Cadmium (Cd) max. 0,75 1,5
Chromium (Cr) max. 0,75 1,5
Mercury (Hg) max. 1,05 1,5
Nickel (Ni) max. 0,75 3
Lead (Pb) max. 3,5 4,5
Antimony (Sb) max. 6 7,5
Selenium (Se) max. 6 7,5
NOTE Other chemical parameters and indicator parameters are not relevant in sodium
chloride, but there might be other parameter limits related to equipment performance, and
some of these are listed in Annex A.
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6 Test methods
6.1 Sampling
A test sample of about 500 g shall be taken for analysis, ensuring that it is representative of the whole
batch, and taking account of ISO 3165 and also ISO 6206. Prepare the laboratory sample(s) required in
accordance with ISO 8213.
6.2 Analyses
6.2.1 Main product
The mass fraction in % of sodium chloride (NaCI) shall be determined by calculation, on the basis of the
results of the determinations of sulfate according to ISO 2480, halogens according to ISO 6227, calcium
and magnesium according to ISO 2482 and loss of mass on drying according to ISO 2483. Convert
sulfate to calcium sulfate and unused calcium to calcium chloride, unless sulfate in sample exceeds the
amount necessary to combine with calcium, in which case convert calcium to calcium sulfate and
unused sulfate to first to magnesium sulfate and the remaining sulfate to sodium sulfate. Convert
unused magnesium to magnesium chloride. Convert unused halogens to sodium chloride. Report the
sodium chloride contents on a dry matter basis, multiplying the mass fraction in % of sodium chloride
by 100/(100 - P), where P in the percentage of the loss of mass on drying (see 6.2.2.2).
6.2.2 Impurities
6.2.2.1 Water-insoluble matter
The content of water-insoluble matter shall be determined in accordance with ISO 2479.
6.2.2.2 Moisture content
The loss of mass at 110 °C shall be determined in accordance with ISO 2483.
6.2.2.3 Bromide
6.2.2.3.1 General
The present method describes a titrimetric method with sodium thiosulfate for the determination of
total bromine and iodine in sodium chloride. The method is applicable to products of bromine and
-
iodine content (expressed conventionally as bromide, Br ) equal to or greater than 3 mg bromine per
kilogram of salt. Bromine or bromide are equivalent for the expression of the results.
6.2.2.3.2 Principle
The sample is dissolved in water. Oxidation of iodide to iodate and bromide to bromate is achieved with
hypochlorite in a buffered medium and the excess of oxidant is eliminated with formic acid. Free iodine,
equivalent to the amount of the present iodate and bromate, is formed by addition of hydrochloric acid
and potassium iodide. The free iodine is titrated with sodium thiosulfate using starch as indicator.
10
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6.2.2.3.3 Reactions
−
- - -
I + 3 ClO → IO + 3 Cl (1)
3
−
- - -
Br + 3 ClO → BrO + 3 Cl (2)
3
Titration of the iodate and bromate follows the reactions:
−
- + -
IO + 6 I + 6 H → 3 I + I + 3 H O (3)
2 2
3
−
- + -
BrO + 6 I + 6 H → 3 I + Br + 3 H O (4)
2 2
3
NOTE Reactions (1) and (2) require for completion the presence of chloride ions that are added into the
buffer solution.
6.2.2.3.4 Reagents
Unless otherwise stated, use only reagents of recognized analytical grade and only water conforming to
grade 3 in accordance with EN ISO 3696.
6.2.2.3.4.1 Calcium carbonate, precipitated.
6.2.2.3.4.2 Hydrochloric acid, c(HCl) approximately 4 mol/l.
6.2.2.3.4.3 Formic acid, c(HCOOH) approximately 3 mol/l.
6.2.2.3.4.4 Potassium iodide, ρ(KI) approximately 100 g/l.
Prepare this solution on the day of use and store it in a dark bottle.
6.2.2.3.4.5 Sodium hypochlorite, ρ(NaClO) approximately 19 g/l.
Prepare this solution by dilution of a concentrated technical sodium hypochlorite solution. Renew the
solution each week.
Commercial household solutions, which can contain interfering additives, should not be used.
6.2.2.3.4.6 Buffer solution.
Dissolve 50 g of sodium dihydrogen orthophosphate dihydrate, (NaH PO .2 H O), 50 g of disodium
2 4 2
hydrogen orthophosphate dodecahydrate (Na HPO .12 H O), 50 g of tetrasodium pyrophosphate
2 4 2
decahydrate (Na P O .10 H O) and 150 g of sodium chloride in 650 ml of water.
4 2 7 2
As the same quantity of buffer solution is used for the sample and for the blank test solution, it is not
necessary to use products completely free of iodine and bromine.
6.2.2.3.4.7 Sodium thiosulfate, standard volumetric solution c = 0,01 mol/l.
(Na S O )
2 2 3
Prepare this solution by dilution of a standard volumetric solution c = 0,1 mol/l and
(Na S O )
2 2 3
standardize with a potassium iodate solution [c = 0,01 mol/l].
(1/6 KIO )
3
6.2.2.3.4.8 Methyl red, 0,5 g/l solution, in 95 % (volume fraction) ethanol.
11
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6.2.2.3.4.9 Starch solution, 2 g/l.
Prepare this solution at the time of use from soluble starch.
6.2.2.3.5 Apparatus
— Ordinary laboratory apparatus; and
— Burette allowing the distribution and measurement of 0,01 ml.
6.2.2.3.6 Procedure
6.2.2.3.6.1 Test portion
Weigh, to the nearest 0,1 g, about 40 g of the test sample.
For bromine plus iodine content greater than 200 mg per kilogram of salt, the test portion should be
reduced accordingly.
6.2.2.3.6.2 Test solution
Transfer the test portion (6.2.2.3.6.1) and 150 ml of water into a 500 ml conical flask. Stir to dissolve.
6.2.2.3.6.3 Blank test solution
Transfer 150 ml of water into a 500 ml conical flask.
6.2.2.3.6.4 Determination
Proceed with the conical flasks prepared in (6.2.2.3.6.2) and (6.2.2.3.6.3) in the following way.
Add 4 drops of methyl red (6.2.2.3.4.8) and hydrochloric acid (6.2.2.3.4.2) until the solution turns red.
Neutralize by addition of calcium carbonate (6.2.2.3.4.1) to a permanent slight cloudiness.
Add 6,0 ml of buffer solution (6.2.2.3.4.6) and 5,0 ml of sodium hypochlorite solution (6.2.2.3.4.5). Heat
to (90 ± 2) °C with agitation to avoid local overheating and keep at this temperature for 20 min.
Add 10 ml of formic acid (6.2.2.3.4.3) and swirl. When CO ceases to evolve, cool to about 20 °C, add
2
2,0 ml of potassium iodide solution (6.2.2.3.4.4) and 25 ml of hydrochloric acid (6.2.2.3.4.2). Swirl and
allow to stand for 1 min.
Titrate with the sodium thiosulfate standard volumetric solution 0,01 mol/l (6.2.2.3.4.7) using a burette
(6.2.2.3.5.1). When the solution is nearly discoloured, add 1 ml of starch solution (6.2.2.3.4.8) and
continue the titration until the blue colour disappears during at least 30 s.
3+
The presence of oxidizing agents can lead to inaccurate results. The Fe interference can be avoided by
complexation with EDTA. An automatic titrator provided with a platinum electrode and a Ag/AgCl
reference electrode can be used. In this case, the addition of starch solution (6.2.2.3.4.9) during the
determination can be avoided.
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6.2.2.3.7 Expression of results
6.2.2.3.7.1 Method of calculation
The bromine plus iodine content of the sample, ω , expressed as milligrams of bromine per kilogram
(Br)
of salt, is given by the following formula:
1 000
ω = 13, 318 × c × × (VV - ) (5)
( Br ) (Na S O ) 1 0
22 3
m
where
m is the mass, in grams, of the test portion (6.2.2.3.6.1);
V is the volume, in millilitres, of sodium thiosulfate (6.2.2.3.4.7) used for the titration of
1
the test solution (6.2.2.3.6.2);
V is the volume, in millilitres, of sodium thiosulfate (6.2.2.3.4.7) used for the titration of
0
the blank test solution (6.2.2.3.6.3);
c is the molar concentration of the sodium thiosulfate standard volumetric solution
(Na S O )
2 2 3
(6.2.2.3.4.7).
6.2.2.3.7.2 Repeatability and reproducibility
Analyses, carried out on three samples by 14 laboratories, have given the following statistical results
(see Table 4), each laboratory having furnished results obtained by the same operator performing two
analyses per sample:
Table 4 — Precision data
a a a
Rock salt Vacuum salt Sea salt
Number of laboratories 14 13 12
Results, Br mg/kg salt
Mean 141 85 135
Standard deviation for:
— repeatability (s ); 4 1 1
r
— reproducibility (s ) 14 4 8
R
a
See A.1.
6.2.3 Chemical parameters
6.2.3.1 Cadmium, chromium, nickel, lead, antimony, selenium
The contents of chemical parameters, except for arsenic and mercury, shall be determined by
inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) (see B.1).
Alternatively, the determination of contents of some chemical parameters can be carried out by atomic
absorption spectrometry (AAS) and the analytical methods are given in EN 973:2009, Annex C and
Annex D.
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6.2.3.2 Mercury
The content of mercury shall be determined by cold vapour atomic absorption spectrometry according
to B.2 of EN 973:2009.
6.2.3.3 Arsenic
The content of arsenic shall be determined using the silver diethyldithiocarbamate photometric method
given in B.2.
7 Labelling, transportation, storage
7.1 Means of delivery
Sodium chloride shall be delivered in bulk or in bags.
In order that the purity of the product is not affected, the means of delivery shall not have been used
previously for any different product or it shall have been specially cleaned and prepared before use.
4
7.2 Risk and safety labelling in accordance with EU directives
Sodium chloride is not subject to labelling regulations at the date of publication of this document.
The regulation [2], and its amendments for the purposes of its adaptation to technical and scientific
progress contains a list of substances classified by the EU. Substances not listed in this regulation
should be classified on the basis of their intrinsic properties according to the criteria in the regulation
by the person responsible for the marketing of the substance.
7.3 Transportation regulations and labelling
5
Sodium chloride is not listed under a UN Number . Sodium chloride is not classified as a dangerous
product for road, rail, sea and air transportation.
The user shall be aware of the incompatibilities between transported products.
7.4 Marking
The marking and the accompanying documents shall include the following information:
— the name “Sodium chloride, salt for electrochlorination for non-membrane equipment”, “dry salt”
or “undried salt”, trade name and type;
— the net mass;
— the name and the address of supplier and/or manufacturer;
— and the statement “this product conforms to EN 14805”.
4
See [2].
5
United Nations Number.
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SIST EN 14805:2022
EN 14805:2022 (E)
7.5 Storag
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 14805:2020
01-julij-2020
Kemikalije, ki se uporabljajo za pripravo pitne vode - Natrijev klorid za pridobivanje
klora po elektrokemijskem postopku brez uporabe membranske tehnologije
Chemicals used for treatment of water intended for human consumption - Sodium
chloride for on site electrochlorination using non-membrane technology
Produkte zur Aufbereitung von Wasser für den menschlichen Gebrauch - Natriumchlorid
zur elektrochemischen Erzeugung von Chlor vor Ort mittels membranloser Verfahren
Produits chimiques utilisés pour le traitement de l'eau destinée à la consommation
humaine - Chlorure de sodium pour la génération électrochimique de chlore utilisant des
technologies non membranaires
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 14805
ICS:
13.060.20 Pitna voda Drinking water
71.100.80 Kemikalije za čiščenje vode Chemicals for purification of
water
oSIST prEN 14805:2020 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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oSIST prEN 14805:2020
DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
prEN 14805
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
May 2020
ICS 71.100.80 Will supersede EN 14805:2008
English Version
Chemicals used for treatment of water intended for human
consumption - Sodium chloride for on site
electrochlorination using non-membrane technology
Produits chimiques utilisés pour le traitement de l'eau Produkte zur Aufbereitung von Wasser für den
destinée à la consommation humaine - Chlorure de menschlichen Gebrauch - Natriumchlorid zur
sodium pour la génération électrochimique de chlore elektrochemischen Erzeugung von Chlor vor Ort
utilisant des technologies non membranaires mittels membranloser Verfahren
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 164.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations
which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without
notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2020 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 14805:2020 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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Contents Page
European foreword . 3
Introduction . 4
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms and definitions . 5
4 Description . 6
4.1 Identification . 6
4.2 Commercial forms . 6
4.3 Physical properties . 6
4.4 Chemical properties . 8
5 Purity criteria . 8
5.1 General . 8
5.2 Composition of commercial product . 8
5.3 Impurities and main by-products . 9
5.4 Chemical parameters . 9
6 Test methods . 9
6.1 Sampling . 9
6.2 Analyses . 10
7 Labelling - transportation - storage. 13
7.1 Means of delivery . 13
7.2 Risk and safety labelling in accordance with EU directives . 13
7.3 Transportation regulations and labelling . 14
7.4 Marking . 14
7.5 Storage . 14
Annex A (informative) General information on sodium chloride for electrochlorination . 15
Annex B (normative) Analytical methods . 17
Bibliography . 33
2
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European foreword
This document (prEN 14805:2020) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 164 “Water supply”,
the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document will supersede EN 14805:2008.
In comparison with the previous edition, the following technical modifications have been made:
a) Modification of 7.3 on transportation regulations and labelling, adding the sentence “The user must be
aware of the incompatibilities between transported products.”;
b) Modification of 7.4 on marking. The requirements of marking are also applied to the accompanying
documents;
c) Deletion of reference to EU Directive 67/548/EEC of June 27, 1967 in order to take into account the
latest Regulation in force (see [2]);
d) Modification of moisture content in Table 2, to be in line with EN 973 and EN 16401.
3
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Introduction
In respect of potential adverse effects on the quality of water intended for human consumption, caused by
the product covered by this document:
a) this document provides no information as to whether the product may be used without restriction in
any of the Member States of the EU or EFTA;
b) it should be noted that, while awaiting the adoption of verifiable European criteria, existing national
regulations concerning the use and/or the characteristics of this product remain in force.
NOTE Conformity with this document does not confer or imply acceptance or approval of the product in any of the
Member States of the EU or EFTA. The use of the product covered by this document is subject to regulation or control
by National Authorities.
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1 Scope
This document is applicable to sodium chloride intended for on site electrochlorination of water intended
for human consumption using non-membrane technology. It describes the characteristics and specifies the
requirements and the corresponding test methods for sodium chloride (see Annex B). It gives information on
its use in water treatment.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 973:2009, Chemicals used for treatment of water intended for human consumption — Sodium chloride for
regeneration of ion exchangers
EN ISO 3696, Water for analytical laboratory use — Specification and test methods (ISO 3696)
ISO 2479, Sodium chloride for industrial use — Determination of matter insoluble in water or in acid and
preparation of principal solutions for other determinations
ISO 2480, Sodium chloride for industrial use — Determination of sulphate content — Barium sulphate
gravimetric method
ISO 2482, Sodium chloride for industrial use — Determination of calcium and magnesium contents — EDTA
complexometric methods
ISO 2483, Sodium chloride for industrial use — Determination of the loss of mass at 110 degrees C
ISO 3165, Sampling of chemical products for industrial use — Safety in sampling
ISO 6206, Chemical products for industrial use — Sampling — Vocabulary
ISO 6227, Chemical products for industrial use — General method for determination of chloride ions —
Potentiometric method
ISO 8213, Chemical products for industrial use — Sampling techniques — Solid chemical products in the form
of particles varying from powders to coarse lumps
3 Terms and definitions
No terms and definitions are listed in this document.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
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4 Description
4.1 Identification
4.1.1 Chemical name
Sodium chloride
4.1.2 Synonym or common name
Salt
4.1.3 Relative molecular mass
58,45
4.1.4 Empirical formula
NaCl
4.1.5 Chemical formula
NaCl
1)
4.1.6 CAS Registry Number
7647-14-5
2)
4.1.7 EINECS Reference
231-598-3
4.2 Commercial forms
The product is available as rock salt, sea salt or evaporated salt, and it is supplied as free-flowing crystals or
their compacted forms.
4.3 Physical properties
4.3.1 Appearance
The product is white and crystalline.
4.3.2 Density
3
The density of the solid crystal is 2,16 g/cm at 20 °C.
The bulk density depends on the particle size distribution.
4.3.3 Solubility (in water)
The solubility of the product depends on the temperature as given in Figure 1.
1)
Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number.
2)
European Inventory of Existing Commercial chemical Substances Reference.
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Temperature NaCl solution
°C Mass fraction in
%
- 10 25,0
0 26,34
10 26,35
20 26,43
30 26,56
40 26,71
50 26,89
60 27,09
70 27,30
80 27,53
90 27,80
100 28,12
Key
1 transition point
NaCl → NaCl . 2H O
2
Figure 1 — Solubility curve for sodium chloride in water
4.3.4 Vapour pressure
Not applicable.
3)
4.3.5 Boiling point at 100 kPa
Not applicable.
4.3.6 Melting point
802 °C
4.3.7 Specific heat
Approximately 850 J/(kg⋅K) at 25 °C for the solid.
4.3.8 Viscosity (dynamic)
The viscosity of the saturated solution at 20 °C is approximately 1,9 mPa⋅s.
4.3.9 Critical temperature
Not applicable.
3)
100 kPa = 1 bar
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4.3.10 Critical pressure
Not applicable.
4.3.11 Physical hardness
The hardness of solid salt is given as 2 to 2,5 on the Mohs' scale of hardness.
4.4 Chemical properties
Sodium chloride is stable and non-volatile, and aqueous solutions have good electrical conductivity.
Sodium chloride is decomposed by a number of acids. It reacts with sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid and strong
oxidizing agents. The reactions are often complex and require heat for completion.
NOTE Under certain conditions a sodium chloride solution can cause corrosion of metallic surfaces.
5 Purity criteria
5.1 General
This document specifies the minimum purity requirements for sodium chloride for on site
electrochlorination of water intended for human consumption using non-membrane technology. As the
treatment chemical produced by this process is sodium hypochlorite, limits have been calculated from the
requirements of
EN 901 [3] (sodium hypochlorite) for those impurities commonly present in the product and the chemical
parameters. Consideration has also been given to the requirements of EN 973 (sodium chloride) for
regeneration of ion exchangers. Depending on the raw material and the manufacturing process, other
impurities may be present and, if so, this shall be notified to the user and, when necessary, to relevant
authorities.
NOTE 1 The national regulations allow users to clarify whether the product is of appropriate purity for the
treatment of water intended for human consumption, taking into account raw water quality, required dosage, contents
of other impurities and additives used in the product and not stated in this product standard.
NOTE 2 This does not imply any real difference between the chemical purity between salt types meeting either
specification.
Limits have been given for impurities and chemical parameters where these are likely to be present in
significant quantities from the current production process and raw materials. If the production process or
raw materials lead to significant quantities of impurities, by-products or additives being present, this shall
be notified to the user.
5.2 Composition of commercial product
5.2.1 Sodium chloride content
The content of sodium chloride in the dry product shall not be less than:
Type 1: mass fraction of 99,9 % of dry sodium chloride, NaCl;
Type 2: mass fraction of 98,5 % of dry sodium chloride, NaCl.
5.2.2 Anticaking agent
Subject to any local legislation in member states, an anticaking agent, sodium or potassium
hexacyanoferrate, is allowed up to a maximum level in the final product of 15 mg/kg, expressed as the
-4
anhydrous hexacyanoferrate ion [Fe(CN )] ; for the determination, see EN 973:2009, B.3. If gaseous free
6
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chlorine is produced as a stage in the electrochlorination process, the level of hexacyanoferrate ion present
should be less than 3 mg/kg.
5.3 Impurities and main by-products
The product shall conform to the requirements specified in Table 1 and Table 2.
Table 1 — Impurities
Impurity Limit in mass fraction in % of NaCI content
Water-insoluble matter Type 1 Type 2
max. 0,05 0,35
Bromide max. 0,025 0,05
Table 2 — Moisture content
Impurity Limit in mass fraction in % of NaCI content
Moisture content Dry salt Un-dried salt
Max. 0,6 5
5.4 Chemical parameters
The product shall conform to the requirements specified in Table 3.
Table 3 — Chemical parameters
Parameter Limits in mg/kg of commercial product
Type 1 Type 2
Arsenic (As) max. 0,3 1,5
Cadmium (Cd) max. 0,75 1,5
Chromium (Cr) max. 0,75 1,5
Mercury (Hg) max. 1,05 1,5
Nickel (Ni) max. 0,75 3
Lead (Pb) max. 3,5 4,5
Antimony (Sb) max. 6 7,5
Selenium (Se) max. 6 7,5
NOTE Other chemical parameters and indicator parameters are not relevant in sodium
chloride, but there might be other parameter limits related to equipment performance, and
some of these are listed in Annex A.
6 Test methods
6.1 Sampling
A test sample of about 500 g shall be taken for analysis, ensuring that it is representative of the whole batch,
and taking account of ISO 3165 and also ISO 6206. Prepare the laboratory sample(s) required in accordance
with ISO 8213.
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6.2 Analyses
6.2.1 Main product
The mass fraction in % of sodium chloride (NaCI) shall be determined by calculation, on the basis of the
results of the determinations of sulfate according to ISO 2480, halogens according to ISO 6227, calcium and
magnesium according to ISO 2482 and loss of mass on drying according to ISO 2483. Convert sulfate to
calcium sulfate and unused calcium to calcium chloride, unless sulfate in sample exceeds the amount
necessary to combine with calcium, in which case convert calcium to calcium sulfate and unused sulfate to
first to magnesium sulfate and the remaining sulfate to sodium sulfate. Convert unused magnesium to
magnesium chloride. Convert unused halogens to sodium chloride. Report the sodium chloride contents on a
dry matter basis, multiplying the mass fraction in % of sodium chloride by 100/(100 - P), where P in the
percentage of the loss of mass on drying (see 6.2.2.2).
6.2.2 Impurities
6.2.2.1 Water-insoluble matter
The content of water-insoluble matter shall be determined in accordance with ISO 2479.
6.2.2.2 Moisture content
The loss of mass at 110 °C shall be determined in accordance with ISO 2483.
6.2.2.3 Bromide
6.2.2.3.1 General
The present method describes a titrimetric method with sodium thiosulfate for the determination of total
bromine and iodine in sodium chloride. The method is applicable to products of bromine and iodine content
(expressed conventionally as bromide, Br) equal to or greater than 3 mg bromine per kilogram of salt.
Bromine or bromide are equivalent for the expression of the results.
6.2.2.3.2 Principle
The sample is dissolved in water. Oxidation of iodide to iodate and bromide to bromate is achieved with
hypochlorite in a buffered medium and the excess of oxidant is eliminated with formic acid. Free iodine,
equivalent to the amount of the present iodate and bromate, is formed by addition of hydrochloric acid and
potassium iodide. The free iodine is titrated with sodium thiosulfate using starch as indicator.
6.2.2.3.3 Reactions
−
- - -
I + 3 ClO → IO + 3 Cl (1)
3
−
- - -
Br + 3 ClO → BrO + 3 Cl (2)
3
Titration of the iodate and bromate follows the reactions:
−
- + -
IO + 6 I + 6 H → 3 I + I + 3 H O (3)
2 2
3
−
- + -
BrO + 6 I + 6 H → 3 I + Br + 3 H O (4)
2 2
3
NOTE Reactions (1) and (2) require for completion the presence of chloride ions that are added into the buffer
solution.
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6.2.2.3.4 Reagents
Unless otherwise stated, use only reagents of recognized analytical grade and only water conforming to
grade 3 in accordance with EN ISO 3696.
6.2.2.3.4.1 Calcium carbonate, precipitated.
6.2.2.3.4.2 Hydrochloric acid, c(HCl) approximately 4 mol/l.
6.2.2.3.4.3 Formic acid, c(HCOOH) approximately 3 mol/l.
6.2.2.3.4.4 Potassium iodide, β(KI) approximately 100 g/l
Prepare this solution on the day of use and store it in a dark bottle.
6.2.2.3.4.5 Sodium hypochlorite, β(NaClO) approximately 19 g/l
Prepare this solution by dilution of a concentrated technical sodium hypochlorite solution. Renew the
solution each week.
Commercial household solutions, which can contain interfering additives, should not be used.
6.2.2.3.4.6 Buffer solution
Dissolve 50 g of sodium dihydrogen orthophosphate dihydrate, (NaH PO 2 H O), 50 g of disodium
2 4 2
hydrogen orthophosphate dodecahydrate (Na HPO 12 H O), 50 g of tetrasodium pyrophosphate
2 4 2
decahydrate
(Na P O 10 H O) and 150 g of sodium chloride (see note) in 650 ml of water.
4 2 7 2
NOTE As the same quantity of buffer solution is used for the sample and for the blank test solution, it is not
necessary to use products completely free of iodine and bromine.
6.2.2.3.4.7 Sodium thiosulfate, standard volumetric solution c(Na S O ) = 0,01 mol/l
2 2 3
Prepare this solution by dilution of a standard volumetric solution c = 0,1 mol/l and standardize
(Na S O )
2 2 3
with a potassium iodate solution [c = 0,01 mol/l].
(1/6 KIO )
3
6.2.2.3.4.8 Methyl red, 0,5 g/l solution, in 95 % (volume fraction) ethanol.
6.2.2.3.4.9 Starch solution, 2 g/l solution
Prepare this solution at the time of use from soluble starch.
6.2.2.3.5 Apparatus
Ordinary laboratory apparatus and:
5.2.2.3.5.1 Burette allowing the distribution and measurement of 0,01 ml.
6.2.2.3.6 Procedure
6.2.2.3.6.1 Test portion
Weigh, to the nearest 0,1 g, about 40 g of the test sample.
NOTE For bromine plus iodine content greater than 200 mg per kilogram of salt, the test portion should be
reduced accordingly.
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6.2.2.3.6.2 Test solution
Transfer the test portion (6.2.2.3.6.1) and 150 ml of water into a 500 ml conical flask. Stir to dissolve.
6.2.2.3.6.3 Blank test solution
Transfer 150 ml of water into a 500 ml conical flask.
6.2.2.3.6.4 Determination
Proceed with the conical flasks prepared in (6.2.2.3.6.2) and (6.2.2.3.6.3) in the following way.
Add 4 drops of methyl red (6.2.2.3.4.8) and hydrochloric acid (6.2.2.3.4.2) until the solution turns red.
Neutralize by addition of calcium carbonate (6.2.2.3.4.1) to a permanent slight cloudiness.
Add 6,0 ml of buffer solution (6.2.2.3.4.6) and 5,0 ml of sodium hypochlorite solution (6.2.2.3.4.5). Heat to
(90 ± 2) °C with agitation to avoid local overheating and keep at this temperature for 20 min.
Add 10 ml of formic acid (6.2.2.3.4.3) and swirl. When CO ceases to evolve, cool to about 20 °C, add 2,0 ml of
2
potassium iodide solution (6.2.2.3.4.4) and 25 ml of hydrochloric acid (6.2.2.3.4.2). Swirl and allow to stand
for 1 min.
Titrate with the sodium thiosulfate standard volumetric solution 0,01 mol/l (6.2.2.3.4.7) using a burette
(6.2.2.3.5.1). When the solution is nearly discoloured, add 1 ml of starch solution (6.2.2.3.4.8) and continue
the titration until the blue colour disappears during at least 30 s.
3+
NOTE The presence of oxidizing agents can lead to inaccurate results. The Fe interference can be avoided by
complexation with EDTA. An automatic titrator provided with a platinum electrode and a Ag/AgCl reference electrode
can be used. In this case, the addition of starch solution (6.2.2.3.4.9) during the determination can be avoided.
6.2.2.3.7 Expression of results
6.2.2.3.7.1 Method of calculation
The bromine plus iodine content of the sample, ω , expressed as milligrams of bromine per kilogram of
(Br)
salt, is given by the following equation:
1 000
ω = 13, 318 × c × × (VV - ) (5)
( Br ) (Na S O ) 1 0
22 3
m
where
m is the mass, in grams, of the test portion (6.2.2.3.6.1);
V is the volume, in millilitres, of sodium thiosulfate (6.2.2.3.4.7) used for the titration of the test
1
solution (6.2.2.3.6.2);
V is the volume, in millilitres, of sodium thiosulfate (6.2.2.3.4.7) used for the titration of the
0
blank test solution (6.2.2.3.6.3);
c is the molar concentration of the sodium thiosulfate standard volumetric solution
(Na S O )
2 2 3
(6.2.2.3.4.7)
6.2.2.3.7.2 Repeatability and reproducibility
Analyses, carried out on three samples by 14 laboratories, have given the following statistical results(see
Table 4), each laboratory having furnished results obtained by the same operator performing two analyses
per sample:
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Table 4 — Precision data
a a a
Rock salt Vacuum salt Sea salt
Number of laboratories 14 13 12
Results, Br mg/kg salt
Mean 141 85 135
Standard deviation for:
— repeatability (s ); 4 1 1
r
— reproducibility (s ) 14 4 8
R
a
See A.1.
6.2.3 Chemical parameters
6.2.3.1 Cadmium, chromium, nickel, lead, antimony, selenium
The contents of chemical parameters, except for arsenic and mercury, shall be determined by inductively
coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP/OES) (see B.1).
NOTE Alternatively the determination of contents of some chemical parameters can be carried out by atomic
absorption spectrometry (AAS) and the analytical methods are given in EN 973:2009, Annex C and Annex D.
6.2.3.2 Mercury
The content of mercury shall be determined by cold vapour atomic absorption spectrometry according
to B.2 of EN 973:2009.
6.2.3.3 Arsenic
The content of arsenic shall be determined using the silver diethyldithiocarbamate photometric method
given in B.2.
7 Labelling - transportation - storage
7.1 Means of delivery
Sodium chloride shall be delivered in bulk or in bags.
In order that the purity of the product is not affected, the means of delivery shall not have been used
previously for any different product or it shall have been specially cleaned and prepared before use.
4
7.2 Risk and safety labelling in accordance with EU directives
Sodium chloride is not subject to labelling regulations at the date of publication of this document.
The regulation [2], and its amendments for the purposes of its adaptation to technical and scientific progress
contains a list of substances classified by the EU. Substances not listed in this regulation should be classified
on the basis of their intrinsic properties according to the criteria in the regulation by the person responsible
for the marketing of the substance.
4
See [2]
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7.3 Transportation regulations and labelling
5
Sodium chloride is not listed under a UN Number . Sodium chloride is not classified as a dangerous product
for road, rail, sea and air transportation.
The user shall be aware of the incompatibilities between transported products.
7.4 Marking
The marking and the accompanying documents shall include the following information:
— the name “Sodium chloride, salt for electrochlorination for non-membrane equipment”, “dry salt” or
“undried salt”, trade name and type;
— the net mass;
— the name and the address of supplier and/or manufacturer;
— and the statement “this product conforms to EN 14805”.
7.5 Storage
7.5.1 Long term stability
Sodium chloride is stable during long term storage, providing it is kept in a dry place.
7.5.2 Storage incompatibilities
Sodium chloride shall be stored in covered and dry conditions so as to avoid any risk of contamination.
The product shall not be allowed to come into contact with strong acids, e.g. sulfuric acid or phosphoric acid.
5
United Nations Number
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Annex A
(informative)
General information on sodium chloride for electrochlorination
A.1 Origin
a) Rock salt: salt produced by mining salt deposits of different geological formations derived from ancient
seas;
b) sea salt: salt produced by sea water evaporation via the action of sun and wind;
c) evaporated salt: salt produced by evaporating water from a salt solution in a special evaporator leading
to the recrystallization of the salt.
A.2 Chemical composition
A.2.1 The efficiency of all electrochlorination equipment can be impaired particularly by iron and
manganese. Levels of both of these elements should be less than 10 mg/
...
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