SIST EN 301 178:2000

• Abstract:

  Equipment to be used in the maritime mobile service including on- board communication, inter-ship communication & public correspondance.

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-Dec-1999
• ICS: 33.060.99 - Other equipment for radiocommunications
• ICS: 33.100.01 - Electromagnetic compatibility in general
• ICS: 47.020.70 - Navigation and control equipment
• Technical Committee: RES - Radio equipment and systems
• Current Stage: 6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 01-Jan-2000
• Due Date: 01-Jan-2000
• Completion Date: 01-Jan-2000
• Ref Project: ETSI EN 301 178 V1.1.1 (1999-05) - ElectroMagnetic Compatibility and Radio Spectrum Matters (ERM); Technical characteristics and methods of measurement for portable Very High Frequency (VHF) radiotelephone equipment for the maritime mobile service operating in the VHF bands (for non-GMDSS applications only)

SIST EN 301 178:2000 is the Slovenian adoption of EN 301 178 V1.1.1 from ETSI for portable Very High Frequency (VHF) radiotelephone equipment used in the maritime mobile service. It specifies the minimum technical characteristics and methods of measurement for non-GMDSS applications on the maritime VHF bands, so engineers, test labs, and buyers can check whether a handheld shipboard radio is fit for onboard communication, inter-ship communication, and public correspondance.

What does SIST EN 301 178:2000 specify?

SIST EN 301 178:2000 covers portable VHF radiotelephones that operate in the maritime mobile service bands between 156 MHz and 174 MHz. Clause 1 makes clear that the equipment is for non-GMDSS use, meaning it is not intended to provide maritime distress and safety communications functions.

The document combines product requirements with test methods. Its structure runs from scope, references, and definitions through general and operational requirements, technical requirements, measurement conditions, environmental tests, transmitter tests, and receiver tests.

Annex	What it covers
Annex A	Measuring receiver specification for adjacent channel power measurement
Annex B	Radiated measurements, including test sites, antennas, substitution methods, and anechoic chamber guidance

What are the key requirements of SIST EN 301 178:2000?

General use, controls, and safety

Clause 4 requires the manufacturer to declare compliance with the general requirements and provide supporting documentation. The equipment must be suitable for use on board ships, have accessible service parts, and be clearly labeled. In practice, this means the radio must be easy to operate, maintain, and identify in a marine environment.

Clause 4.2 specifies the required controls and indicators: a channel selector, readable channel designator, on/off indication, push-to-talk control, power reduction switch, volume control, squelch control, and transmitter-activated indication. This matters because the user must be able to select channels and manage transmit power quickly and safely, even under poor lighting.

Clause 4.3 requires an integral microphone and loudspeaker, and the receiver must mute during transmission. Clause 4.4 adds protection against overcurrent, overvoltage, reversed polarity, static build-up at the antenna terminals, and memory loss from short interruptions of power. Clause 4.5 covers marking, including the warning text that the equipment is not intended for distress and safety purposes.

Channel use and operating behavior

Clause 4.1 requires the set to operate on single-frequency and two-frequency channels with manual control, with 4.6 MHz separation on two-frequency channels. It also requires blocking of channel 70 use for anything other than Digital Selective Calling (DSC), and it prevents the user from unblocking or blocking channels. This is important because the radio must stay within maritime channel rules and keep protected channels from being misused.

Clause 5.1 limits switching time: changing between channels must not take more than 5 s, and changing from transmit to receive, or vice versa, must not take more than 0.3 s. Clause 5.2 requires phase modulation, G3E, with 25 kHz channel separation and a frequency deviation of ± 5 kHz as nearly as practicable. These points define how the radio fits the maritime channel plan and how quickly it must respond in use.

Measurement conditions and conformance testing

Clause 6 sets the measurement conditions that make results comparable. It defines 50 ohm RF connections, receiver test signal arrangements, normal test modulation of 1 kHz with ± 3 kHz deviation, use of channel 16 unless stated otherwise, and the treatment of measurement uncertainty. For a test laboratory, this is the basis for repeatable type testing.

Clause 6 also sets normal and extreme test conditions. Normal tests use +15°C to +35°C and 20 % to 75 % relative humidity, while extreme tests use -15°C and +55°C with the specified supply-voltage limits. The practical effect is that the equipment must keep working not only on the bench, but also in hot, cold, and humid marine conditions.

Environmental robustness

Clause 7 requires environmental testing before the other conformance tests. The performance check covers transmitter frequency error, transmitter carrier power, and maximum usable sensitivity.

The environmental sequence includes a drop test, dry heat, damp heat, and a low temperature cycle. After each test, the equipment must still pass the performance check, and the drop test must not produce harmful visible deterioration. This matters for handheld marine radios because they are exposed to rough handling, temperature changes, and moisture.

Transmitter limits

Clause 8 sets the transmitter performance. Frequency error must stay within ± 1.5 kHz, carrier power on Appendix 18 channels must not exceed 6 W at maximum setting, and the low-power setting must remain between 0.1 W and 1 W. The transmitter deviation must stay within ± 5 kHz, and the audio response, harmonic distortion, adjacent channel power, spurious emissions, residual modulation, and transient frequency behavior are all controlled.

In practice, these requirements limit interference to other channels and help ensure that the transmitted speech stays intelligible. They also check that the set does not radiate unwanted energy or behave badly when keyed on and off.

Receiver limits

Clause 9 sets the receiver’s audio output, sensitivity, selectivity, and squelch behavior. The receiver must provide at least 0.2 W in a loudspeaker or 1 mW in a handset earphone, and harmonic distortion must not exceed 10 %. Maximum usable sensitivity, adjacent channel selectivity, co-channel rejection, spurious response rejection, blocking, noise and hum, and squelch hysteresis are all specified.

This is what keeps the radio usable in a busy band: the receiver must hear the wanted signal, reject nearby or strong interfering signals, and mute noise properly when no valid signal is present.

What terms does SIST EN 301 178:2000 define?

• integral antenna - an antenna permanently fixed to the equipment and not detachable by the user.
• detachable antenna - an antenna fixed by an antenna connector and removable by the user.
• G3E - phase-modulation, defined here as frequency modulation with 6 dB/octave pre-emphasis for speech.
• modulation index - the ratio between frequency deviation and modulation frequency.
• performance check - the check of transmitter carrier power and frequency, and receiver sensitivity.
• DSC - Digital Selective Calling, the selective calling system used in the maritime mobile service.
• GMDSS - Global Maritime Distress and Safety System, the maritime distress and safety system excluded from this document’s scope.
• SINAD - Signal + Noise + Distortion divided by Noise + Distortion.

Who uses SIST EN 301 178:2000?

Manufacturers use SIST EN 301 178:2000 when designing portable maritime VHF radiotelephones and preparing technical documentation. Test laboratories use it for conformance, type, and environmental testing of transmitter and receiver performance.

Quality managers and certification bodies use it to check that radios meet channel, labeling, safety, and RF performance expectations. Buyers, ship operators, and maintenance teams use it when selecting equipment for onboard communication, inter-ship communication, and public correspondance, because it tells them what must be checked before a radio is accepted for service.

Which standards are used with SIST EN 301 178:2000?

• Radio Regulations, Appendix 18 - provides the maritime VHF channel plan and transmitting frequencies, and supports the channel designator requirements.
• ITU-T Recommendation E.161 - gives the arrangement of digits, letters, and symbols on telephone-style input panels.
• ITU-R Recommendation M.493-9 - covers the digital selective-calling system used in the maritime mobile service.
• ITU-R Recommendation M.541-8 - covers operational procedures for digital selective-calling equipment.
• ETS 300 225 - is referenced for comparison of portable VHF equipment color and for survival craft portable VHF radiotelephone apparatus.
• ITU-T Recommendation P.53 - provides the psophometric telephone filtering network used in receiver SINAD measurements.
• ITU-R Recommendation SM 332-4 - supports selectivity concepts and the adjacent channel power measuring receiver.
• ETR 028 - gives the uncertainty approach used for the measurement results in this document.

What does the SIST EN 301 178:2000 document contain?

SIST EN 301 178:2000 contains step-by-step measurement methods for transmitter and receiver characteristics, plus environmental test procedures for portable maritime VHF radiotelephones. It includes a measurement-uncertainty table in clause 6, several response and behavior figures in clauses 8 and 9, and a transmitter transient test arrangement with a defined observation method.

Annex A specifies the measuring receiver needed for adjacent channel power measurements, including the IF filter, attenuation indicator, and rms value indication. Annex B describes outdoor and indoor radiated test sites, substitution antenna methods, and an optional anechoic chamber arrangement, so a laboratory can set up repeatable radiated emission and sensitivity measurements.

The document is mainly used for design verification, compliance testing, and certification of shipboard portable radios. It tells the tester what to connect, what to measure, and which limit to compare against, without leaving the test setup to interpretation.

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-januar-2000
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ElectroMagnetic Compatibility and Radio Spectrum Matters (ERM); Technical
characteristics and methods of measurement for portable Very High Frequency (VHF)
radiotelephone equipment for the maritime mobile service operating in the VHF bands
(for non-GMDSS applications only)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 301 178 Version 1.1.1
ICS:
33.060.99 Druga oprema za radijske Other equipment for
komunikacije radiocommunications
33.100.01 Elektromagnetna združljivost Electromagnetic compatibility
na splošno in general
47.020.70 Navigacijska in krmilna Navigation and control
oprema equipment
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EN 301 178 V1.1.1 (1999-05)
European Standard (Telecommunications series)
Electromagnetic compatibility
and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Technical characteristics and methods of measurement for
portable Very High Frequency (VHF) radiotelephone equipment
for the maritime mobile service operating in the VHF bands
(for non-GMDSS applications only)

2 ETSI EN 301 178 V1.1.1 (1999-05)
Reference
DEN/ERM-RP01-012 (awo00ico.PDF)
Keywords
maritime, radio
ETSI
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Copyright Notification
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The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media.
© European Telecommunications Standards Institute 1999.
All rights reserved.
ETSI
3 ETSI EN 301 178 V1.1.1 (1999-05)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 7
Foreword. 7
1 Scope. 8
2 References . 8
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations. 9
3.1 Definitions . 9
3.2 Symbols . 9
3.3 Abbreviations. 9
4 General and operational requirements. 9
4.1 Construction. 9
4.2 Controls and indicators . 10
4.3 Microphone and loudspeaker. 11
4.4 Safety precautions. 11
4.5 Labelling. 11
5 Technical requirements. 11
5.1 Switching time . 11
5.2 Class of emission and modulation characteristics. 11
6 General conditions of measurement . 12
6.1 Arrangements for RF connections to the equipment. 12
6.1.1 RF connections to integral antenna equipment. 12
6.1.2 RF connection to equipment with a detachable antenna. 12
6.2 Arrangements for test signals applied to the receiver input . 12
6.3 Squelch . 12
6.4 Normal test modulation. 12
6.5 Artificial antenna . 12
6.6 Arrangements for test signals applied to the transmitter input . 12
6.7 Test channels . 12
6.8 Measurement uncertainty and interpretation of the measured results . 13
6.8.1 Measurement uncertainty . 13
6.8.2 Interpretation of the measurement results. 13
6.9 Test conditions, power sources and ambient temperatures . 13
6.9.1 Normal and extreme test conditions . 13
6.9.2 Test power source . 14
6.10 Normal test conditions . 14
6.10.1 Normal temperature and humidity. 14
6.10.2 Normal power sources. 14
6.10.2.1 Battery power source. 14
6.10.2.2 Other power sources . 14
6.11 Extreme test conditions. 14
6.11.1 Extreme temperatures. 14
6.11.2 Extreme values of test power sources. 15
6.11.2.1 Battery power source. 15
6.11.2.2 Other power sources . 15
6.12 Procedure for tests at extreme temperatures . 15
7 Environmental tests . 15
7.1 Procedure. 15
7.2 Performance check. 15
7.3 Drop test . 15
7.3.1 Definition . 15
7.3.2 Method of measurement. 16
7.3.3 Requirement . 16
7.4 Temperature tests. 16
ETSI
4 ETSI EN 301 178 V1.1.1 (1999-05)
7.4.1 Definition . 16
7.4.2 Dry heat. 16
7.4.2.1 Definition. 16
7.4.2.2 Method of measurement . 16
7.4.2.3 Requirement . 16
7.4.3 Damp heat . 16
7.4.3.1 Definition. 16
7.4.3.2 Method of measurement . 17
7.4.3.3 Requirement . 17
7.4.4 Low temperature cycle . 17
7.4.4.1 Definition. 17
7.4.4.2 Method of measurement . 17
7.4.4.3 Requirement . 17
8 Transmitter. 17
8.1 Frequency error. 17
8.1.1 Definition . 17
8.1.2 Method of measurement. 18
8.1.3 Limits . 18
8.2 Carrier power. 18
8.2.1 Definitions. 18
8.2.2 Method of measurement. 18
8.2.3 Limits, Normal and extreme test conditions. 18
8.3 Frequency deviation. 18
8.3.1 Definition . 18
8.3.2 Maximum permissible frequency deviation. 18
8.3.2.1 Method of measurement . 18
8.3.2.2 Limits. 19
8.3.3 Reduction of frequency deviation at modulation frequencies above 3 kHz . 19
8.3.3.1 Method of measurement . 19
8.3.3.2 Limits. 19
8.4 Sensitivity of the modulator, including microphone . 19
8.4.1 Definition . 19
8.4.2 Method of measurement. 20
8.4.3 Limits . 20
8.5 Audio frequency response. 20
8.5.1 Definition . 20
8.5.2 Method of measurement. 20
8.5.3 Limit. 20
8.6 Audio frequency harmonic distortion of the emission . 21
8.6.1 Definition . 21
8.6.2 Method of measurement. 21
8.6.2.1 Normal test conditions. 21
8.6.2.2 Extreme test conditions. 22
8.6.3 Limits . 22
8.7 Adjacent channel power. 22
8.7.1 Definition . 22
8.7.2 Method of measurement. 22
8.7.3 Limits . 22
8.8 Conducted spurious emissions conveyed to the antenna. 23
8.8.1 Definition . 23
8.8.2 Method of measurement. 23
8.8.3 Limit. 23
8.9 Cabinet radiation and conducted spurious emissions other than those conveyed to the antenna . 23
8.9.1 Definitions. 23
8.9.2 Method of measurement. 23
8.9.3 Limits . 24
8.10 Residual modulation of the transmitter . 24
8.10.1 Definition . 24
8.10.2 Method of measurement. 25
8.10.3 Limit. 25
ETSI
5 ETSI EN 301 178 V1.1.1 (1999-05)
8.11 Transient frequency behaviour of the transmitter . 25
8.11.1 Definitions. 25
8.11.2 Method of measurement. 26
8.11.3 Limits . 27
9 Receiver . 29
9.1 Harmonic distortion and rated audio frequency output power. 29
9.1.1 Definition . 29
9.1.2 Methods of measurement . 29
9.1.3 Limits . 29
9.2 Audio frequency response. 29
9.2.1 Definition . 29
9.2.2 Method of measurement. 29
9.2.3 Limits . 30
9.3 Maximum usable sensitivity. 31
9.3.1 Definition . 31
9.3.2 Method of measurement. 31
9.3.3 Limits . 31
9.4 Co-channel rejection. 31
9.4.1 Definition . 31
9.4.2 Method of measurement. 31
9.4.3 Limit. 32
9.5 Adjacent channel selectivity . 32
9.5.1 Definition . 32
9.5.2 Method of measurement. 32
9.5.3 Limits . 32
9.6 Spurious response rejection . 32
9.6.1 Definition . 32
9.6.2 Method of measurement. 32
9.6.3 Limit. 33
9.7 Intermodulation response. 33
9.7.1 Definition . 33
9.7.2 Method of measurement. 33
9.7.3 Limit. 33
9.8 Blocking or desensitization. 33
9.8.1 Definition . 33
9.8.2 Method of measurement. 34
9.8.3 Limit. 34
9.9 Conducted spurious emissions . 34
9.9.1 Definition . 34
9.9.2 Method of measurement. 34
9.9.3 Limit. 34
9.10 Radiated spurious emissions . 34
9.10.1 Definition . 34
9.10.2 Method of measurements . 35
9.10.3 Limit. 35
9.11 Receiver noise and hum level . 36
9.11.1 Definition . 36
9.11.2 Method of measurement. 36
9.11.3 Limit. 36
9.12 Squelch operation . 36
9.12.1 Definition . 36
9.12.2 Method of measurement. 36
9.12.3 Limits . 37
9.13 Squelch hysteresis. 37
9.13.1 Definition . 37
9.13.2 Method of measurement. 37
9.13.3 Limit. 37
ETSI
6 ETSI EN 301 178 V1.1.1 (1999-05)
Annex A (normative): Measuring receiver for adjacent channel power measurement . 38
A.1 Power measuring receiver specification. 38
A.1.1 IF filter. 38
A.1.2 Attenuation indicator . 39
A.1.3 Rms value indicator . 39
A.1.4 Oscillator and amplifier . 39
Annex B (normative): Radiated measurements . 40
B.1 Test sites and general arrangements for measurements involving the use of radiated fields. 40
B.1.1 Outdoor test site. 40
B.1.2 Test antenna. 40
B.1.3 Substitution antenna. 41
B.1.4 Optional additional indoor site . 41
B.2 Guidance on the use of radiation test sites . 42
B.2.1 Measuring distance . 42
B.2.2 Test antenna. 42
B.2.3 Substitution antenna. 42
B.2.4 Artificial antenna . 43
B.2.5 Auxiliary cables . 43
B.2.6 Acoustic measuring arrangement . 43
B.3 Further optional alternative indoor test site using an anechoic chamber . 43
B.3.1 Example of the construction of a shielded anechoic chamber. 44
B.3.2 Influence of parasitic reflections in anechoic chambers. 44
B.3.3 Calibration of the shielded anechoic chamber . 45
History. 47
ETSI
7 ETSI EN 301 178 V1.1.1 (1999-05)
Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in respect
of ETSI standards", which is available free of charge from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the
ETSI Web server (http://www.etsi.org/ipr).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web server)
which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This European Standard (Telecommunications series) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee
Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM).
National transposition dates
Date of adoption of this EN: 30 April 1999
Date of latest announcement of this EN (doa): 31 July 1999
Date of latest publication of new National Standard
or endorsement of this EN (dop/e): 31 January 2000
Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 31 January 2000
ETSI
8 ETSI EN 301 178 V1.1.1 (1999-05)
1 Scope
The present document states the minimum technical characteristics and methods of measurement required for portable
Very High Frequency (VHF) radiotelephones not providing maritime distress and safety communications functions
(i.e. not forming part of the Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS)) operating in the bands between
156 MHz and 174 MHz allocated to the maritime mobile services by the Radio Regulations, Appendix 18 [1].
The present document also specifies technical characteristics, methods of measurement and required test results.
2 References
The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of the present
document.
• References are either specific (identified by date of publication, edition number, version number, etc.) or
non-specific.
• For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply.
• For a non-specific reference, the latest version applies.
• A non-specific reference to an ETS shall also be taken to refer to later versions published as an EN with the same
number.
[1] Radio Regulations, Appendix 18 (1990): "Table of Transmitting Frequencies in the Band
156-174 MHz for Stations in the Maritime Mobile Service".
[2] ITU-T Recommendation E.161 (1993): "Arrangement of digits, letters and symbols on telephones
and other devices that can be used for gaining access to a telephone network".
[3] ITU-R Recommendation M.493-9 (1997): "Digital selective-calling system for use in the maritime
mobile service".
[4] ITU-R Recommendation M.541-8 (1997): "Operational procedures for the use of digital
selective-calling equipment in the maritime mobile service".
[5] ETS 300 225: "Radio Equipment and Systems (RES); Technical characteristics and methods of
measurement for survival craft portable VHF radiotelephone apparatus".
[6] ITU-T Recommendation P.53 (1994): "Psophometer for use on telephone-type circuits".
[7] ITU-R Recommendation SM 332-4: "Selectivity of receivers".
[8] ETR 028: "Radio Equipment and Systems (RES); Uncertainties in the measurement of mobile
radio equipment characteristics".
ETSI
9 ETSI EN 301 178 V1.1.1 (1999-05)
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the following definitions apply:
integral antenna: antenna that is permanently fixed to the equipment and not detachable by the user.
detachable antenna: antenna fixed to the equipment by means of an antenna connector and detachable by the user.
G3E: phase-modulation (frequency modulation with a pre-emphasis of 6 dB/octave) for speech.
modulation index: ratio between the frequency deviation and the modulation frequency.
performance check: check of:
- the transmitter carrier power and frequency; and
- receiver sensitivity.
3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply:
-5
dBA Relative to 2 x 10 Pa
emf Electromotive force
3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
DSC Digital Selective Calling
EUT Equipment Under Test
GMDSS Global Maritime Distress and Safety System
rms root mean square
SINAD (Signal + Noise + Distortion)/(Noise + Distortion)
VHF Very High Frequency
4 General and operational requirements
4.1 Construction
The manufacturer shall declare that compliance to the requirements of clause 4 is achieved and shall provide relevant
documentation.
The mechanical and electrical construction and finish of the equipment shall conform in all respects to good engineering
practice, and the equipment shall be suitable for use on board ships.
All controls shall be of sufficient size to enable the usual control functions to be easily performed and the number of
controls should be the minimum necessary for simple and satisfactory operation.
All parts of the equipment to be checked during inspection or maintenance operations shall be readily accessible. The
components shall be readily identifiable.
Technical documentation shall be supplied with the equipment.
ETSI
10 ETSI EN 301 178 V1.1.1 (1999-05)
The VHF maritime mobile service uses both single-frequency and two-frequency channels. For two-frequency channels
there shall be a separation of 4,6 MHz between the transmitting frequency and the receiving frequency
(see Radio Regulations Appendix 18 [1]).
The equipment, which can consist of more than one unit, shall be capable of operating on single frequency and
two-frequency channels with manual control (simplex).
The equipment shall be of a colour which distinguishes it from the portable VHF equipment specified in
ETS 300 225 [5].
The equipment shall be able to operate on all channels defined in Radio Regulations, Appendix 18 [1].
Operation on channels 75 and 76 shall be restricted to a maximum transmitted power of 1W.
Additional VHF channels outside those defined by Radio Regulations, Appendix 18 [1] may also be
provided, but means shall be provided to block any channel, including Appendix 18 channels.
It shall not be possible for the user to unblock or block any channels.
Scan or multiple watch may be provided but means shall be provided to block or unblock these functions.
If the equipment is fitted with an auxiliary antenna connector, simultaneous connection of both the auxiliary antenna and
the normal antenna shall be prevented.
The equipment shall be so designed that use of channel 70 for purposes other than Digital Selective Calling (DSC) is
prevented (see ITU-R Recommendation M.493-9 [3] and ITU-R Recommendation M.541–8 [4]).
It shall not be possible to transmit while any frequency synthesizer used within the transmitter is out of lock.
It shall not be possible to transmit during channel switching operations.
4.2 Controls and indicators
The equipment shall have a channel selector and shall indicate the designator, as shown in
Radio Regulations, Appendix 18 [1], of the channel at which the equipment is set. The channel designator shall be
legible irrespective of the external lighting conditions.
Where an input panel on the equipment for entering the digits 0 to 9 is provided, this shall conform to
ITU-T Recommendation E.161 [2].
The equipment shall have the following additional controls and indicators:
- on/off switch for the equipment with a visual indication that the equipment is in operation;
- a manual, non-locking push to talk switch to operate the transmitter;
- a switch for reducing transmitter output power to no more than 1 W where the RF output power is more than 1
watt;
- an audio frequency power volume control;
- a squelch control;
- a visual indication that the transmitter is activated.
The equipment shall also meet the following requirements:
- the user shall not have access to any control which, if wrongly set, might impair the technical characteristics of
the equipment.
ETSI
11 ETSI EN 301 178 V1.1.1 (1999-05)
4.3 Microphone and loudspeaker
The equipment shall be fitted with an integral microphone and an integral loudspeaker.
During transmission the receiver output shall be muted.
4.4 Safety precautions
Measures shall be taken to protect the equipment against the effects of overcurrent or overvoltage.
Measures shall be taken to prevent damage to the equipment that might arise from an accidental reversal of polarity of
the electrical power source.
No damage to the equipment shall occur when the antenna terminals are placed on open circuit or short circuit while
transmitting for a period of at least 5 minutes in each case.
In order to provide protection against damage due to the build up of static voltages at the antenna terminals, there shall
be a dc path from the antenna terminals to chassis not exceeding 100 kW.
The information in any volatile memory device shall be protected from interruptions in the power supply of up to 60 s
duration.
4.5 Labelling
All controls, instruments, indicators and terminals shall be clearly labelled.
Details of any external power supply from which the equipment is intended to operate shall be clearly indicated on the
equipment.
The equipment shall be clearly and indelibly marked on the exterior with the identification of the manufacturer, type
designation of the equipment, the serial number of the unit and the text: "Not intended for distress and safety purposes".
The compass safe distance shall be stated on the equipment.
5 Technical requirements
5.1 Switching time
The channel switching arrangement shall be such that the time necessary to change over from using one of the channels
to using any other channel does not exceed 5 s.
The time necessary to change over from transmission to reception or vice versa, shall not exceed 0,3 s.
5.2 Class of emission and modulation characteristics
The equipment shall use phase modulation, G3E (frequency modulation with a pre-emphasis of 6 dB/octave) for speech.
The equipment shall be designed to operate satisfactorily with a channel separation of 25 kHz.
The frequency deviation corresponding to 100 % modulation shall be ± 5 kHz as nearly as practicable.
ETSI
12 ETSI EN 301 178 V1.1.1 (1999-05)
6 General conditions of measurement
6.1 Arrangements for RF connections to the equipment
6.1.1 RF connections to integral antenna equipment
For equipment without an antenna connector, the manufacturer shall prepare the equipment with a tempor
...