SIST ENV 50166-1:1995
(Main)Human exposure to electromagnetic fields - Low-frequency (0 Hz to 10 kHz)
Human exposure to electromagnetic fields - Low-frequency (0 Hz to 10 kHz)
D102/090: Publication withdrawn * D109/093: CLC/TC 211 renumbered CLC/TC 106X
Human exposure to electromagnetic fields - Low frequency (0 Hz to 10 kHz)
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST ENV 50166-1:1995
01-avgust-1995
Human exposure to electromagnetic fields - Low frequency (0 Hz to 10 kHz)
Human exposure to electromagnetic fields - Low-frequency (0 Hz to 10 kHz)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ENV 50166-1:1995
ICS:
13.280 Varstvo pred sevanjem Radiation protection
SIST ENV 50166-1:1995 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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This document provides methods for the determination of RF field strength, power density and
specific absorption rate (SAR) in the vicinity of base stations (BS) for the purpose of evaluating
human exposure.
This document:
a) considers intentionally radiating BS which transmit on one or more antennas using one or
more frequencies in the range 110 MHz to 300 GHz;
b) considers the impact of ambient sources on RF exposure at least in the 100 kHz to 300 GHz
frequency range;
c) specifies the methods to be used for RF exposure evaluation for compliance assessment
applications, namely:
1) product compliance – determination of compliance boundary information for a BS
product before it is placed on the market;
2) product installation compliance – determination of the total RF exposure levels in
accessible areas from a BS product and other relevant sources before the product is put
into operation;
3) in-situ RF exposure assessment – measurement of in-situ RF exposure levels in the
vicinity of a BS installation after the product has been taken into operation;
d) specifies how to perform RF exposure assessment based on the actual maximum approach;
e) describes several RF field strength, power density, and SAR measurement and computation
methodologies with guidance on their applicability to address both the in-situ evaluation of
installed BS and laboratory-based evaluations;
f) describes how surveyors establish their specific evaluation procedures appropriate for their
evaluation purpose;
g) provides guidance on how to report, interpret and compare results from different evaluation
methodologies and, where the evaluation purpose requires it, determine a justified decision
against a limit value;
h) provides methods for the RF exposure assessment of BS using time-varying beam-steering
technologies such as new radio (NR) BS using massive multiple input multiple output
(MIMO).
NOTE 1 Practical implementation case studies are provided as examples in the companion Technical Report
IEC TR 62669:2019 [5].
NOTE 2 Although the current BS product types have been specified to operate up to 200 GHz (see, for example,
[6] and [7]), the upper frequency of 300 GHz is consistent with applicable exposure limits.
NOTE 3 The lower frequency considered for ambient sources, 100 kHz, is derived from ICNIRP-1998 [2] and
ICNIRP-2020 [1]. However, some applicable exposure guidelines require ambient fields to be evaluated as low as
3 kHz, e.g. Safety Code 6 [4] and IEEE Std C95.1-2019 [3].
NOTE 4 Specification of appropriate RF exposure mitigation measures such as signage, access control, and training
are beyond the scope of this document. It is possible to refer to the applicable regulations or recommended practices
on these topics.
NOTE 5 While this document is based on the current international consensus about the best engineering practice
for assessing the compliance of RF exposure with the applicable exposure limits, it is possible that national regulatory
agencies specify different requirements. The entity conducting an RF exposure assessment needs to be aware of
the applicable regulations.
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This document specifies protocols and test procedures for the reproducible and repeatable
measurement of the conservative exposure peak spatial average SAR (psSAR) induced inside
a simplified model of the head and the body by radio-frequency (RF) transmitting devices,
with a defined measurement uncertainty. These protocols and procedures apply to a
significant majority of the population, including children, during the use of hand-held and
body-worn wireless communication devices. These devices include single or multiple
transmitters or antennas, and are operated with their radiating structure(s) at distances up to
200 mm from a human head or body. This document is employed to evaluate SAR compliance
of different types of wireless communication devices used next to the ear, in front of the face,
mounted on the body, operating in conjunction with other RF-transmitting, non-transmitting
devices or accessories (e.g. belt-clips), or embedded in garments. The applicable frequency
range is from 4 MHz to 10 GHz. Devices operating in the applicable frequency range can be
tested using the phantoms and other requirements defined in this document.
The device categories covered include, but are not limited to, mobile telephones, cordless
microphones, and radio transmitters in personal, desktop and laptop computers, for
multi-band operations using single or multiple antennas, including push-to-talk devices. This
document can also be applied for wireless power transfer devices operating above 4 MHz.
This document does not apply to implanted medical devices
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This Technical Report illustrates good practice and provides guidance with regard to the term "reasonably foreseeable use" as it relate to product compliance assessment standards concerning the exposure of humans to electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields (EMF) as required in the Radio Equipment Directive (RED) and Low Voltage Directive (LVD). Other safety aspects and requirements from other directives are not covered by this Technical Report.
This report uses the term "reasonably foreseeable use". In this context of this TR the terms "reasonably foreseeable conditions" and "conditions of use which can be reasonably foreseen" are interchangeable. The report provides guidance that is not specific to individual equipment. The report covers both occupational and general public use of equipment and also provides a rationale for the distinction between occupational use and use by the general public.
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IEC 62209-3: 2019 specifies measurement protocols and test procedures for the reproducible measurement of peak spatial-average specific absorption rate (psSAR) induced inside a simplified model of a human head or body by radio-frequency (RF) transmitting devices, with a specified measurement uncertainty. Requirements are provided for psSAR assessment using vector measurement-based systems. Such systems determine the psSAR by three-dimensional (3D) field reconstruction within the volume of interest in accordance with the requirements herein for the measurement system, calibration, uncertainty assessment and validation methods. The protocols and procedures apply for the psSAR assessments covering a significant majority of people including children during use of wireless communication devices operated in close proximity to the head or body.
This document is applicable to wireless communication devices intended to be used at a position near the human head or body at distances up to and including 200 mm. This document may be employed to evaluate SAR compliance of different types of wireless communication devices used next to the ear, in front of the face, mounted on the body, combined with other RF-transmitting or non-transmitting devices or accessories (e.g. belt-clip), or embedded in garments. The overall applicable frequency range is from 600 MHz to 6 GHz.
The system validation procedures provided within this document cover frequencies from 600 MHz to 6 GHz.
With a vector measurement-based system this document can be employed to evaluate SAR compliance of different types of wireless communication devices.
The wireless communication device categories covered include but are not limited to mobile telephones, cordless microphones, auxiliary broadcast devices and radio transmitters in personal computers, desktop and laptop devices, multi-band, multi-antenna, and push-to-talk devices.
Key Words: Human Exposure, Hand-Held and Body Mounted Wireless Communication Devices.
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European standard establishes the procedures and methodology on measurement and calculation of quantities associated with the assessment of human exposure to electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields in the frequency range from 0 Hz to 300 GHz. It deals with quantities that can be measured or calculated in free space, notably electric and magnetic field strength and includes the measurement and calculation of quantities inside the body that forms the basis for protection guidelines.
In particular the standard provides information on
− definitions and terminology,
− characteristics of electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields,
− measurement of exposure quantities,
− instrumentation requirements,
− methods of calibration,
− measurement techniques and procedures for evaluating exposure,
− calculation methods for exposure assessment.
The object of this standard is to establish a common reference for the assessment of electrical equipment in relation to human exposure from non-ionising electromagnetic fields.
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TThe scope of this European Standard is to provide a general procedure for the assessment of workers’ exposure to electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields in a workplace in order to determine compliance with exposure limit values and/or action levels as stated in European Directive 2013/35/EU
The purpose of this European Standard is to
- specify how to perform an initial assessment of the levels of workers' exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMF), if necessary including specific exposure assessment of such levels by measurements and/or calculations,
- determine whether it is necessary to carry out a detailed risk assessment of EMF exposure.
This European Standard can be used by employers for the risk assessment and, where required, measurement and/or calculation of the exposure of workers. Based on specific workplace and other standards, it can be determined whether preventive measures/actions have to be taken to comply with the provisions of the Directive.
The frequencies covered are from 0 Hz to 300 GHz.
NOTE 1 This European Standard is written under Mandate M/351 and relates to the exposure limits as specified in the Directive 2013/35/EU. It is intended to protect workers from risks to their health and safety arising or likely to arise from exposure to electromagnetic fields (0 Hz to 300 GHz) during their work. However, this and other Directives can include additional measures for the protection of specific groups of workers and/or specific work places for which the employer is required to investigate other protective measures as a part of the overall risk assessment. See Annex A.
NOTE 2 Directive 2013/35/EU has been transposed into national legislation in all the EU member countries. It is intended that users of this standard consult the national legislation related to this transposition in order to identify the national regulations and requirements. These national regulations and requirements can have additional requirements that are not covered by this standard.
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EN-IEC 62311 applies to electronic and electrical equipment for which no dedicated product standard or product family standard regarding human exposure to electromagnetic fields applies. It covers equipment with intentional or non-intentional radiators as well as a combination thereof. This document provides assessment methods and criteria to evaluate equipment against limits on exposure of people related to electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields. The frequency range covered is from 0 Hz to 300 GHz. This document does not specify limits expressed by means of basic restrictions and/or reference levels. Such limits are subject to the applied assessment scheme, for example by means of regional limits.
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This part of IEC 62209 series is applicable to any wireless communication device capable of
transmitting electromagnetic fields (EMF) intended to be used at a position near the human
body, in the manner described by the manufacturer, with the radiating part(s) of the device at
distances up to and including 200 mm from a human body, i.e. when held in the hand or in
front of the face, mounted on the body, combined with other transmitting or non-transmitting
devices or accessories (e.g. belt-clip, camera or Bluetooth add-on), or embedded in
garments. For transmitters used in close proximity to the human ear, the procedures of
IEC 62209-1:2005 are applicable.
This standard is applicable for radio frequency exposure in the frequency range of 30 MHz to
6 GHz, and may be used to measure simultaneous exposures from multiple radio sources
used in close proximity to human body. Definitions and evaluation procedures are provided for
the following general categories of device types: body-mounted, body-supported, desktop,
front-of-face, hand-held, laptop, limb-mounted, multi-band, push-to-talk, clothing-integrated.
The types of devices considered include but are not limited to mobile telephones, cordless
microphones, auxiliary broadcast devices and radio transmitters in personal computers.
This International Standard gives guidelines for a reproducible and conservative
measurement methodology for determining the compliance of wireless devices with the SAR
limits.
Because studies suggest that exclusion of features to represent a hand in human models
constitutes a conservative case scenario for SAR in the trunk and the head, a representation
of a hand is not included if the device is intended to be used next to the head or supported on
or near the torso [73], [80]. This standard does not apply for exposures from transmitting or
non-transmitting implanted medical devices. This standard does not apply for exposure from
devices at distances greater than 200 mm away from the human body.
IEC 62209-2 makes cross-reference to IEC 62209-1:2005 where complete clauses or
subclauses apply, along with any changes specified.
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This document provides methods for the determination of radio-frequency (RF) field strength
and specific absorption rate (SAR) in the vicinity of radiocommunication base stations (RBS)
for the purpose of evaluating human exposure.
This document:
a) considers intentionally radiating RBS which transmit on one or more antennas using one
or more frequencies in the range 110 MHz to 100 GHz;
b) considers the impact of ambient sources on RF exposure at least in the 100 kHz to
300 GHz frequency range;
c) specifies the methods to be used for RF exposure evaluation for compliance assessment
applications, namely:
1) product compliance – determination of compliance boundary information for an RBS
product before it is placed on the market;
2) product installation compliance – determination of the total RF exposure levels in
accessible areas from an RBS product and other relevant sources before the product
is put into service;
3) in-situ RF exposure assessment – measurement of in-situ RF exposure levels in the
vicinity of an RBS installation after the product has been taken into operation;
d) describes several RF field strength and SAR measurement and computation methodologies
with guidance on their applicability to address both the in-situ evaluation of installed RBS
and laboratory-based evaluations;
e) describes how surveyors, with a sufficient level of expertise, establish their specific
evaluation procedures appropriate for their evaluation purpose;
f) provides guidance on how to report, interpret and compare results from different
evaluation methodologies and, where the evaluation purpose requires it, determine a
justified decision against a limit value;
g) provides short descriptions of the informative example case studies given in the
companion Technical Report IEC TR 62669 [1].
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This product standard applies to devices operating within the frequency range 0 Hz to 300 GHz, used in electronic article surveillance (EAS), radio frequency identification (RFID) and similar applications, in relation to exposure to electromagnetic fields
The object of this generic standard is to provide a route for evaluation of such equipment against limits on human exposure to electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields, and induced and contact current.
NOTE Other standards can apply to products covered by this document. In particular this document is not designed to evaluate the electromagnetic compatibility with other equipment; nor does it reflect any product safety requirements other than those specifically related to human exposure to electromagnetic fields.
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