INIR - Electromagnetic fields in human enviornment

This document specifies the method for assessing overall exposure from all fixed radio frequency sources at a broadcast site. This assessment can be applied at any time but is carried out when the exposure situation changes in or around the aforementioned site.
This document plays an essential role in the coordination of different stakeholders, with respect to ensuring EMF exposure compliance in and around a broadcast site especially for equipment installed within the site.

IEC 62209-3: 2019 specifies measurement protocols and test procedures for the reproducible measurement of peak spatial-average specific absorption rate (psSAR) induced inside a simplified model of a human head or body by radio-frequency (RF) transmitting devices, with a specified measurement uncertainty. Requirements are provided for psSAR assessment using vector measurement-based systems. Such systems determine the psSAR by three-dimensional (3D) field reconstruction within the volume of interest in accordance with the requirements herein for the measurement system, calibration, uncertainty assessment and validation methods. The protocols and procedures apply for the psSAR assessments covering a significant majority of people including children during use of wireless communication devices operated in close proximity to the head or body.
This document is applicable to wireless communication devices intended to be used at a position near the human head or body at distances up to and including 200 mm. This document may be employed to evaluate SAR compliance of different types of wireless communication devices used next to the ear, in front of the face, mounted on the body, combined with other RF-transmitting or non-transmitting devices or accessories (e.g. belt-clip), or embedded in garments. The overall applicable frequency range is from 600 MHz to 6 GHz.
The system validation procedures provided within this document cover frequencies from 600 MHz to 6 GHz.
With a vector measurement-based system this document can be employed to evaluate SAR compliance of different types of wireless communication devices.
The wireless communication device categories covered include but are not limited to mobile telephones, cordless microphones, auxiliary broadcast devices and radio transmitters in personal computers, desktop and laptop devices, multi-band, multi-antenna, and push-to-talk devices.
Key Words: Human Exposure, Hand-Held and Body Mounted Wireless Communication Devices.

European standard establishes the procedures and methodology on measurement and calculation of quantities associated with the assessment of human exposure to electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields in the frequency range from 0 Hz to 300 GHz. It deals with quantities that can be measured or calculated in free space, notably electric and magnetic field strength and includes the measurement and calculation of quantities inside the body that forms the basis for protection guidelines.
In particular the standard provides information on
− definitions and terminology,
− characteristics of electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields,
− measurement of exposure quantities,
− instrumentation requirements,
− methods of calibration,
− measurement techniques and procedures for evaluating exposure,
− calculation methods for exposure assessment.
The object of this standard is to establish a common reference for the assessment of electrical equipment in relation to human exposure from non-ionising electromagnetic fields.

TThe scope of this European Standard is to provide a general procedure for the assessment of workers’ exposure to electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields in a workplace in order to determine compliance with exposure limit values and/or action levels as stated in European Directive 2013/35/EU
The purpose of this European Standard is to
-   specify how to perform an initial assessment of the levels of workers' exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMF), if necessary including specific exposure assessment of such levels by measurements and/or calculations,
-   determine whether it is necessary to carry out a detailed risk assessment of EMF exposure.
This European Standard can be used by employers for the risk assessment and, where required, measurement and/or calculation of the exposure of workers. Based on specific workplace and other standards, it can be determined whether preventive measures/actions have to be taken to comply with the provisions of the Directive.
The frequencies covered are from 0 Hz to 300 GHz.
NOTE 1   This European Standard is written under Mandate M/351 and relates to the exposure limits as specified in the Directive 2013/35/EU. It is intended to protect workers from risks to their health and safety arising or likely to arise from exposure to electromagnetic fields (0 Hz to 300 GHz) during their work. However, this and other Directives can include additional measures for the protection of specific groups of workers and/or specific work places for which the employer is required to investigate other protective measures as a part of the overall risk assessment. See Annex A.
NOTE 2    Directive 2013/35/EU has been transposed into national legislation in all the EU member countries. It is intended that users of this standard consult the national legislation related to this transposition in order to identify the national regulations and requirements. These national regulations and requirements can have additional requirements that are not covered by this standard.

EN-IEC 62311 applies to electronic and electrical equipment for which no dedicated product standard or product family standard regarding human exposure to electromagnetic fields applies. It covers equipment with intentional or non-intentional radiators as well as a combination thereof. This document provides assessment methods and criteria to evaluate equipment against limits on exposure of people related to electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields. The frequency range covered is from 0 Hz to 300 GHz. This document does not specify limits expressed by means of basic restrictions and/or reference levels. Such limits are subject to the applied assessment scheme, for example by means of regional limits.

This part of IEC 62209 series is applicable to any wireless communication device capable of transmitting electromagnetic fields (EMF) intended to be used at a position near the human body, in the manner described by the manufacturer, with the radiating part(s) of the device at distances up to and including 200 mm from a human body, i.e. when held in the hand or in front of the face, mounted on the body, combined with other transmitting or non-transmitting devices or accessories (e.g. belt-clip, camera or Bluetooth add-on), or embedded in garments. For transmitters used in close proximity to the human ear, the procedures of IEC 62209-1:2005 are applicable. This standard is applicable for radio frequency exposure in the frequency range of 30 MHz to 6 GHz, and may be used to measure simultaneous exposures from multiple radio sources used in close proximity to human body. Definitions and evaluation procedures are provided for the following general categories of device types: body-mounted, body-supported, desktop, front-of-face, hand-held, laptop, limb-mounted, multi-band, push-to-talk, clothing-integrated. The types of devices considered include but are not limited to mobile telephones, cordless microphones, auxiliary broadcast devices and radio transmitters in personal computers. This International Standard gives guidelines for a reproducible and conservative measurement methodology for determining the compliance of wireless devices with the SAR limits. Because studies suggest that exclusion of features to represent a hand in human models constitutes a conservative case scenario for SAR in the trunk and the head, a representation of a hand is not included if the device is intended to be used next to the head or supported on or near the torso [73], [80]. This standard does not apply for exposures from transmitting or non-transmitting implanted medical devices. This standard does not apply for exposure from devices at distances greater than 200 mm away from the human body. IEC 62209-2 makes cross-reference to IEC 62209-1:2005 where complete clauses or subclauses apply, along with any changes specified.

This document provides methods for the determination of radio-frequency (RF) field strength
and specific absorption rate (SAR) in the vicinity of radiocommunication base stations (RBS)
for the purpose of evaluating human exposure.
This document:
a) considers intentionally radiating RBS which transmit on one or more antennas using one
or more frequencies in the range 110 MHz to 100 GHz;
b) considers the impact of ambient sources on RF exposure at least in the 100 kHz to
300 GHz frequency range;
c) specifies the methods to be used for RF exposure evaluation for compliance assessment
applications, namely:
1) product compliance – determination of compliance boundary information for an RBS
product before it is placed on the market;
2) product installation compliance – determination of the total RF exposure levels in
accessible areas from an RBS product and other relevant sources before the product
is put into service;
3) in-situ RF exposure assessment – measurement of in-situ RF exposure levels in the
vicinity of an RBS installation after the product has been taken into operation;
d) describes several RF field strength and SAR measurement and computation methodologies
with guidance on their applicability to address both the in-situ evaluation of installed RBS
and laboratory-based evaluations;
e) describes how surveyors, with a sufficient level of expertise, establish their specific
evaluation procedures appropriate for their evaluation purpose;
f) provides guidance on how to report, interpret and compare results from different
evaluation methodologies and, where the evaluation purpose requires it, determine a
justified decision against a limit value;
g) provides short descriptions of the informative example case studies given in the
companion Technical Report IEC TR 62669 [1].

This European Standard provides the procedure for the specific assessment required in Annex A of EN 50527 1:2015 for workers with implanted cardioverter defibrillators. It offers different approaches for doing the risk assessment. The most suitable one shall be used. If the worker has other Active Implantable Medical Devices (AIMDs) implanted additionally, they have to be assessed separately.

This standard provides methods for assessing compliance with the requirements of the Directive 2013/35/EU] at a site operating one or more broadcast transmitters.
This standard covers the frequency range up to 40 GHz.
NOTE   The Council and European Parliament Directive 2013/35/EU will be transposed into national legislation in all the EU member countries. Users of this standard shall consult the national legislation related to this transposition in order to identify the national regulations and requirements. These national regulations and requirements can have additional requirements that are not covered by this standard.

This product standard applies to devices operating within the frequency range 0 Hz to 300 GHz, used in electronic article surveillance (EAS), radio frequency identification (RFID) and similar applications, in relation to exposure to electromagnetic fields
The object of this generic standard is to provide a route for evaluation of such equipment against limits on human exposure to electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields, and induced and contact current.
NOTE   Other standards can apply to products covered by this document. In particular this document is not designed to evaluate the electromagnetic compatibility with other equipment; nor does it reflect any product safety requirements other than those specifically related to human exposure to electromagnetic fields.

The purpose of this Technical Report is to give advice on, and explanation of, the preparation of suitable EMF standards. It also aims to ensure that relevant deliverables from all CLC TCs will accurately reflect the current policy and legislative background on EMF exposure.

The object of this generic standard is to provide a route for evaluation of such equipment against limits on human exposure to electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields, and induced and contact current.
This standard applies to electronic and electrical equipment for which no dedicated product- or product family standard, or standard relating to low power equipment,  regarding human exposure to electromagnetic fields exists. If such a standard does exist then it shall be used and this standard shall not.
The frequency range covered is 0 Hz to  300 GHz.

This product standard is related to human exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields transmitted by base station equipment in the frequency range 110 MHz to 100 GHz.
The object is to assess the compliance of such equipment with the general public basic restrictions (directly or indirectly via compliance with reference levels) and the workers’ exposure limit values (directly or indirectly via compliance with action values), when it is placed on the market.
For low power devices the applicable product standard is prEN 50663:2016.

This product standard applies to wireless communication devices used in close proximity to the human ear (e.g. mobile phones, wireless headsets). The applicable frequency range is from 300 MHz to 6 GHz.
The objective of this standard is to demonstrate the compliance of such devices with the basic restrictions and exposure limit values related to human exposure to radio frequency electromagnetic fields.
For devices used next to the body or in front of the face the applicable product standard is EN 50566:2017.
For low power devices the applicable product standard is prEN 50663:2016.

This European standard provides simple conformity assessment methods for low-power electronic and electrical equipment operating at frequencies between 10 MHz and 300 GHz to an electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure limit. If such equipment cannot be shown to comply with the applicable EMF exposure requirements using the exposure assessment methods in this standard, then other EMF product standards, may be used for conformity assessment.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CENELEC by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of Radio Equipment Directive 2014/53/EU. Annex ZZ establishes relationships between this standard and that EU Directives.
Other standards can apply to products covered by this document. In particular this document is not designed to evaluate the electromagnetic compatibility with other equipment; nor does it reflect any product safety requirements other than those specifically related to human exposure to electromagnetic fields.

The object of this generic standard is to provide a route for evaluation of equipment used by workers against limits on human exposure to electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields, and induced and contact current  when it is put into service in its operational environment, and also for in situ or post-market evaluation of such equipment
The frequency range covered is 0 Hz to  300 GHz.
The requirement for this standard arises from the withdrawal of EMF standardisation mandate M/305 and its replacement by M/511 and M/536.  Previously only EMF product standards for equipment used by the public were mandated; that restriction has been removed and now standards are to be developed for products used by workers also.
For equipment used by workers, there is a specific need to assess whether when it is put into service, or afterwards when operating under reasonably foreseeable use conditions, its emissions meet EMF exposure limits when contributions from other nearby equipment are also considered. This is a particular issue in occupational environments where high power equipment can be close to other similar equipment, or to e.g power distribution systems.

This product standard is related to human exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields transmitted by base station equipment in the frequency range 110 MHz to 100 GHz.
The object is to assess the compliance of such equipment with the general public basic restrictions (directly or indirectly via compliance with reference levels) and the workers’ exposure limits values (directly or indirectly via compliance with action values), when it is put into service in its operational environment.

This product standard applies to wireless communication devices used at distances up to and including 200 mm from the human body, i.e. when held in the hand or in front of the face, mounted on the body, combined with other transmitting or non-transmitting devices or accessories (e.g. belt-clip, camera or Bluetooth add-on), or embedded in garments. The applicable frequency range is from 30 MHz to 6 GHz.
The objective of this standard is to demonstrate the compliance of such devices with the basic restrictions and exposure limit values related to human exposure to radio frequency electromagnetic fields.
For devices used next to the ear the applicable product standard is EN 50360:2017.
For low power devices the applicable product standard is prEN 50663:2016.

IEC 61786-2:2014 provides requirements for the measurement of quasi-static magnetic and electric fields that have a frequency content in the range 1 Hz to 100 kHz, and DC magnetic fields, to evaluate the exposure levels of the human body to these fields. Specifically, this standard gives requirements for establishing measurement procedures that achieve defined goals pertaining to human exposure. Because of differences in the characteristics of the fields from sources in the various environments, e.g. frequency content, temporal and spatial variations, polarization, and magnitude, and differences in the goals of the measurements, the specific measurement procedures will be different in the various environments. Sources of fields include devices that operate at power frequencies and produce power frequency and power-frequency harmonic fields, as well as devices that produce fields independent of the power frequency, and DC power transmission, and the geomagnetic field. The magnitude ranges covered by this standard are 0,1 micro-Tesla to 200 mili-Tesla for AC (1 micro-Tesla to 10 Tesla for DC) for magnetic fields, and 1 V/m to 50 kV/m for electric fields. When measurements outside this range are performed, most of the provisions of this standard will still apply, but special attention should be paid to the specified uncertainty and calibration procedures. Examples of sources of fields that can be measured with this standard include:
- devices that operate at power frequencies (50/60 Hz) and produce power frequency and power-frequency harmonic fields (examples: power lines, electric appliances...);
- devices that produce fields that are independent of the power frequency.(Examples: electric railway (DC to 20 kHz);
- commercial aeroplanes (400 Hz), induction heaters (up to 100 kHz), and electric vehicles);
- and devices that produces static magnetic fields: MRI, DC power lines, DC welding, electrolysis, magnets, electric furnaces, etc. DC currents are often generated by converters, which also create AC components (power frequency harmonics), which should be assessed. When EMF products standards are available, these products standards should be used. With regard to electric field measurements, this standard considers only the measurement of the unperturbed electric field strength at a point in space (i.e. the electric field prior to the introduction of the field meter and operator) or on conducting surfaces. Sources of uncertainty during measurements are also identified and guidance is provided on how they should be combined to determine total measurement uncertainty.

This European Standard provides a general procedure to assess workers’ exposure to electric and magnetic fields (EMF) in work places associated with the production, transmission and distribution of electric energy, and to demonstrate compliance with exposure limit values and action levels as stated in the Council and European Parliament “EMF” Directive 2013/35/EU [10].
It has the role of a specific workplace standard. It takes into account the non-binding application guide for implementing the EMF Directive [9] and it defines the assessment procedures and compliance criteria applicable to the electric industry.
The frequency range of this standard covers from DC to 20 kHz, which is sufficient to include the power frequency used for electric power supply systems throughout Europe (50 Hz) and the various harmonics and inter-harmonics occurring in the supply system. In this extremely low frequency range, electric and magnetic fields are independent and, therefore, they both have to be addressed in the exposure assessment.
NOTE 1   Electrical companies also use radio frequency transmissions to operate and maintain their networks and power plants. Similarly, other exposures to EMF may occur during maintenance operations, for instance, due to the use of hand-held electrical tools. All these EMF sources are outside the scope of this standard.
NOTE 2   Regarding EMF in the low frequency range, the scientific basis of the EMF directive is the ICNIRP health guidelines published in 2010 [12]. Reference is made to this scientific basis when necessary for justifying or clarifying some of the technical statements of the present document.

This part of IEC 62209 specifies protocols and test procedures for measurement of the peak
spatial-average SAR induced inside a simplified model of the head with defined reproducibility.
It applies to certain electromagnetic field (EMF) transmitting devices that are positioned next
to the ear, where the radiating structures of the device are in close proximity to the human
head, such as mobile phones, cordless phones, certain headsets, etc. These protocols and
test procedures provide a conservative estimate with limited uncertainty for the peak-spatial
SAR that would occur in the head for a significant majority of people during normal use of these
devices. The applicable frequency range is from 300 MHz to 6 GHz.

This European Standard provides the procedure for the specific assessment required in EN 50527-1:2016,
Annex A, for workers with implanted pacemakers. It offers different approaches for doing the risk
assessment. The most suitable one will be used. If the worker has other Active Implantable Medical Devices
(AIMDs) implanted additionally, they need to be assessed separately.
The purpose of the specific assessment is to determine the risk for workers with implanted pacemakers
arising from exposure to electromagnetic fields at the workplace. The assessment includes the likelihood of
clinically significant effects and takes account of both transient and long-term exposure within specific areas
of the workplace.
NOTE 1 This standard does not address risks from contact currents.
The techniques described in the different approaches may also be used for the assessment of publicly
accessible areas.
The frequency range to be observed is from 0 Hz to 3 GHz. Above 3 GHz no interference with the
pacemaker occurs when the exposure limits are not exceeded.
NOTE 2 The rationale for limiting the observation range to 3 GHz can be found in ISO 14117:2012, Clause 5.

This European Standard provides a procedure to assess the risk to workers bearing one or more active
implantable medical devices from exposure to electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields at a workplace. It
describes how a general risk assessment should be performed and determines whether it is necessary to
carry out a detailed risk assessment.
NOTE 1 This European Standard does not cover indirect effects caused by non active implants.
NOTE 2 The risk of human exposure to EMF considered is only due to malfunctioning of AIMD. Possibilities of AIMD
contribution to the risk, e.g. local modification of the distribution of EMF produced by external source or production of
own EMF, are covered by the respective product standards for the AIMD.
Based on specific workplace standards it can be determined whether preventive measures/actions need to
be taken to comply with the provisions of Directive 2013/35/EU. The work situation covered is considered to
be under normal working conditions including normal operation, maintenance, cleaning and other situations
being part of the normal work.
The frequencies covered are from 0 Hz to 300 GHz.
The European Parliament and Council Directive 2013/35/EU will be transposed into national legislation in all
the EU member countries. It is recommended that users of this standard consult the national legislation
related to this transposition in order to identify the national regulations and requirements. These national
regulations and requirements may have additional requirements that are not covered by this standard and
take precedence.
NOTE 3 Performance requirements with respect to active implantable medical devices are excluded from the Scope
of this standard. These are defined in the relevant particular standards for active implantable medical devices.
The risk assessment described in this standard is only required if an AIMD-Employee is present.
Active Implantable Medical Devices (AIMDs) are regulated by Directive 90/385/EEC and the amendments to
it.
NOTE 4 Product standards EN 45502–1 and of the EN 45502–2-X series describe the product requirements for
different kinds of AIMDs. Different kinds of AIMDs are e.g. pacemaker (EN 45502–2–1), implantable cardioverter
defibrillators (EN 45502–2–2), cochlear implants (EN 45502–2–3), implantable neurostimulators (ISO 14708-3),
implantable infusion pumps (ISO 14708-4).
In situations where the risk assessment following this standard does not lead to a conclusion,
complementary provisions for the assessment of workers exposure for different kinds of AIMDs are given in
particular standards for these specific AIMDs (see Figure 1).

EN IEC 61786-1 provides guidance for measuring instruments used to measure the field strength of quasi-static magnetic and electric fields that have a frequency content in the range 1 Hz to 100 kHz and with DC magnetic fields to evaluate the exposure levels of the human body to these fields. Sources of fields include devices that operate at power frequencies and produce power frequency and power frequency harmonic fields, as well as devices that produce fields within the frequency range of this document, including devices that produce static fields, and the earth’s static magnetic field. The magnitude ranges covered by this standard are 0,1 μT to 200 mT in AC (1 μT to 10 T in DC) and 1 V/m to 50 kV/m for magnetic fields and electric fields, respectively. When measurements outside this range are performed, most of the provisions of this standard will still apply, but special attention should be paid to specified uncertainty and calibration procedures. Specifically, this standard - defines terminology; - identifies requirements on field meter specifications; - indicates methods of calibration; - defines requirements on instrumentation uncertainty; - describes general characteristics of fields; - describes operational principles of instrumentation. Sources of uncertainty during calibration are also identified. In regard to electric field measurements, this standard considers only the measurement of the unperturbed electric field strength at a point in free space (i.e. the electric field prior to the introduction of the field meter and operator) or above conducting surfaces. This horizontal standard is primarily intended for use by technical committees in the preparation of standards in accordance with the principles laid down in IEC Guide 108. One of the responsibilities of a technical committee is, wherever applicable, to make use of horizontal standards in the preparation of its publications. The contents of this horizontal standard will not apply unless specifically referred to or included in the relevant publications.

This European Standard specifies in the vicinity of base station as defined in 3.2 the measurement methods, the measurement systems and the post processing that shall be used to determine in-situ the electromagnetic field for human exposure assessment in the frequency range 100 kHz to 300 GHz.

This basic standard applies to Base Stations as defined in Clause 4, operating in the frequency range 110 MHz to 40 GHz. The objective of this basic standard is to specify, for such equipment and when it is put into service in its operational environment, the methods to assess the value of the Total Exposure Ratio or to establish whether the Total Exposure Ratio is less than or equal to one in relevent areas where the general public has access.

This European Standard gives elements to establish methods for measurement and calculation of quantities associated with the assessment of human exposure to electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields (EMF) in the frequency range from 0 Hz to 300 GHz. The major intention of this Basic Standard is to give the common background and information to relevant EMF standards. This Basic Standard cannot go into details extensively due to the broad frequency range and the huge amount of possible applications. Therefore it is not possible to specify detailed calculation or measurement procedures in this Basic Standard. This standard provides general procedures only for those product and workplace categories for which there do not exist any relevant assessment procedures in any existing European EMF basic standard. If there exists an applicable European EMF standard focused on specific product or workplace categories then the assessment shall follow that standard. If an applicable European EMF standard does not exist, but an applicable assessment procedure in another European EMF standard does exist, then that assessment procedure shall be used. This standard deals with quantities that can be measured or calculated in free space, notably electric and magnetic field strength or power density, and includes the measurement and calculation of quantities inside the body that forms the basis for protection guidelines. In particular the standard provides information on - definitions and terminology, - characteristics of electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields, - measurement of exposure quantities, - instrumentation requirements, - methods of calibration, - measurement techniques and procedures for evaluating exposure, - calculation methods for exposure assessment.

This basic standard applies to Base Stations as defined in Clause 4, operating in the frequency range 110 MHz to 40 GHz. The objective of this basic standard is to specify, for such equipment and when it is put into service in its operational environment, the methods to assess the value of the Total Exposure Ratio or to establish whether the Total Exposure Ratio is less than or equal to one in relevent areas where the general public has access.

This European Standard provides the procedure for the specific assessment required in Annex A of EN 50527-1:2010 for workers with implanted pacemakers. It offers different approaches for doing the risk assessment. The most suitable one shall be used. If the worker has other AIMDs implanted additionally, they have to be assessed separately. The purpose of the specific assessment is to determine the risk for workers with implanted pacemakers arising from exposure to electromagnetic fields at the workplace. The assessment includes the likelihood of clinically significant effects and takes account of both transient and long-term exposure within specific areas of the workplace.

This basic standard specifies the method for assessing overall exposure from all fixed radio frequency sources at a broadcast site. This assessment may be applied at any time but must be carried out when the exposure situation changes in or around this site. It plays an essential role in the coordination of different stakeholders, with respect to ensuring EMF exposure compliance in and around a broadcast site especially for equipment installed within the site.

This International Standard provides simple conformity assessment methods for low-power electronic and electrical equipment to an exposure limit relevant to electromagnetic fields (EMF). If such equipment cannot be shown to comply with the applicable EMF exposure requirements using the methods included in this standard for EMF assessment, then other standards, including IEC 62311 or other (EMF) product standards, may be used for conformity assessment.

This part of IEC 62209 series is applicable to any wireless communication device capable of transmitting electromagnetic fields (EMF) intended to be used at a position near the human body, in the manner described by the manufacturer, with the radiating part(s) of the device at distances up to and including 200 mm from a human body, i.e. when held in the hand or in front of the face, mounted on the body, combined with other transmitting or non-transmitting devices or accessories (e.g. belt-clip, camera or Bluetooth add-on), or embedded in garments. For transmitters used in close proximity to the human ear, the procedures of IEC 62209-1:2005 are applicable. This standard is applicable for radio frequency exposure in the frequency range of 30 MHz to 6 GHz, and may be used to measure simultaneous exposures from multiple radio sources used in close proximity to human body. Definitions and evaluation procedures are provided for the following general categories of device types: body-mounted, body-supported, desktop, front-of-face, hand-held, laptop, limb-mounted, multi-band, push-to-talk, clothing-integrated. The types of devices considered include but are not limited to mobile telephones, cordless microphones, auxiliary broadcast devices and radio transmitters in personal computers. This International Standard gives guidelines for a reproducible and conservative measurement methodology for determining the compliance of wireless devices with the SAR limits. Because studies suggest that exclusion of features to represent a hand in human models constitutes a conservative case scenario for SAR in the trunk and the head, a representation of a hand is not included if the device is intended to be used next to the head or supported on or near the torso [73], [80]. This standard does not apply for exposures from transmitting or non-transmitting implanted medical devices. This standard does not apply for exposure from devices at distances greater than 200 mm away from the human body. IEC 62209-2 makes cross-reference to IEC 62209-1:2005 where complete clauses or subclauses apply, along with any changes specified.

The scope of this European Standard is to provide a procedure in order to assess the risk to workers bearing 97 one or more active implantable medical devices from exposure to electric, magnetic and electromagnetic 98 fields at a workplace. It specifies how to perform a general risk assessment and to determine whether it is 99 necessary to carry out a detailed risk assessment.

This International Standard establishes measurement procedures for electric and magnetic field levels generated by AC power systems to evaluate the exposure levels of the human body to these fields. This standard is not applicable to DC power transmission systems. This International Standard is applicable to public exposure in the domestic environment and in areas accessible to the public. This standard specifies fundamental procedures for the measurement of fields, and, with regard to human exposure, for obtaining a field value that corresponds to a spatial average over the entire human body. This standard is not applicable to occupational exposure associated with, for example, the operation and/or maintenance of the power systems. Such exposure may occur when working inside a distribution or transmission substation, a power plant, in a manhole or a tunnel for underground cables, or on an overhead line tower or pole.

This part of IEC 62369 presents procedures for the evaluation of human exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMFs) from devices used in electronic article surveillance (EAS), radio frequency identification (RFID) and similar applications. It adopts a staged approach to facilitate compliance assessment. The first stage (Stage 1) is a simple measurement against the appropriate derived reference values. Stage 2 is a more complex series of measurements or calculations, coupled with analysis techniques. Stage 3 requires detailed modelling and analysis for comparison with the basic restrictions. When assessing any device, the most appropriate method for the exposure situation may be used. At the time of writing this International Standard, electronic article surveillance, radio frequency identification and similar systems do not normally operate at frequencies below 1 Hz or above 10 GHz. EMF exposure guidelines and standards can cover a wider range of frequencies, so clarification on the required range is included as part of the evaluation procedures. The devices covered by this document normally have non-uniform field patterns. Often these devices have a very rapid reduction of field strength with distance and operate under nearfield conditions where the relationship between electric and magnetic fields is not constant. This, together with typical exposure conditions for different device types, is detailed in Annex A. Annex B contains comprehensive information to assist with numerical modelling of the exposure situation. It includes both homogeneous and anatomical models as well as the electrical properties of tissue.

This European Standard gives elements to establish methods for measurement and calculation of quantities associated with the assessment of human exposure to electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields (EMF) in the frequency range from 0 Hz to 300 GHz. The major intention of this Basic Standard is to give the common background and information to relevant EMF standards. This Basic Standard cannot go into details extensively due to the broad frequency range and the huge amount of possible applications. Therefore it is not possible to specify detailed calculation or measurement procedures in this Basic Standard. This standard provides general procedures only for those product and workplace categories for which there do not exist any relevant assessment procedures in any existing European EMF basic standard. If there exists an applicable European EMF standard focused on specific product or workplace categories then the assessment shall follow that standard. If an applicable European EMF standard does not exist, but an applicable assessment procedure in another European EMF standard does exist, then that assessment procedure shall be used. This standard deals with quantities that can be measured or calculated in free space, notably electric and magnetic field strength or power density, and includes the measurement and calculation of quantities inside the body that forms the basis for protection guidelines. In particular the standard provides information on - definitions and terminology, - characteristics of electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields, - measurement of exposure quantities, - instrumentation requirements, - methods of calibration, - measurement techniques and procedures for evaluating exposure, - calculation methods for exposure assessment.

This European Standard specifies in the vicinity of base station as defined in 3.2 the measurement methods, the measurement systems and the post processing that shall be used to determine in-situ the electromagnetic field for human exposure assessment in the frequency range 100 kHz to 300 GHz.

The object of this European Standard is to provide methods for assessing compliance with the requirements of the Directive 2004/40/EC at a site operating one or more broadcast transmitters. This European Standard covers the frequency range up to 40 GHz.

The scope of this European Standard is to provide a general procedure in order to assess workers' exposure to electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields in a work place to demonstrate compliance with exposure limit values and action values as stated in the Council and European Parliament Directive 2004/40/EC. The purpose of this European Standard is to - specify how to perform an initial assessment of the levels of workers' exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMF), if necessary including specific exposure assessment of such levels by  measurements and/or calculations, - determine whether it is necessary to carry out a detailed risk assessment of EMF exposure. This European Standard can be used by employers for the risk assessment and, where required, measurement and/or calculation of the exposure of workers. Based on specific workplace standards it can be determined whether preventive measures/actions must be taken to comply with the provisions of the Directive. The frequencies covered are from 0 Hz to 300 GHz.

This standard applies to Short Wave  broadcast transmitters and installations  operating in the frequency range 3 MHz to 30  MHz. The objective of the standard is to  specify, for such a frequency band, basic  information allowing the definition of a  method for assessment of compliance  related to human exposure to radio frequency  electromagnetic fields.

This standard applies to Short Wave broadcast transmitters operating in the frequency range 3 MHz to 30 MHz. The object of this standard is to demonstrate the compliance of such equipment with the basic restrictions (directly or indirectly via compliance with reference levels) related to public human exposure to radio frequency electromagnetic fields.

This International Standard applies to electronic and electrical equipment for which no dedicated product- or product family standard regarding human exposure to electromagnetic fields applies.

This part of IEC 62226 applies to the frequency range for which exposure limits are based on the induction of voltages or currents in the human body when exposed to electric fields. This part defines in detail the coupling factor K - introduced by the IEC 62226 series to enable exposure assessment for complex exposure situations, such as non-uniform magnetic field or perturbed electric field - for the case of simple models of the human body, exposed to uniform electric fields. The coupling factor K has different physical interpretations depending on whether it relates to electric or magnetic field exposure. It is the so called "shape factor for electric field". This part of IEC 62226 can be used when the electric field can be considered to be uniform, for frequencies up to at least 100 kHz. This situation of exposure to a "uniform" electric field is mostly found in the vicinity of high voltage overhead power systems. For this reason, illustrations given in this part are given for power frequencies (50 Hz and 60 Hz).

This basic standard applies to Base Stations as defined in Clause 4, operating in the frequency range 110 MHz to 40 GHz. The objective of this basic standard is to specify, for such equipment and when it is put into service in its operational environment, the methods to assess the value of the Total Exposure Ratio or to establish whether the Total Exposure Ratio is less than or equal to one in relevent areas where the general public has access.

This product standard applies to fixed stand alone broadcast transmitter operating in the frequency range 30 MHz to 40 GHz when put on the market. The term broadcast transmitter covers fixed stand alone broadcast transmitters intended for use with external antennas of the same or an other manufacturer. The object of this standard is to demonstrate the compliance of such equipment with the reference levels or the basic restrictions related to public exposure to radio frequency electromagnetic fields.

This standard applies to a broadcast transmitter operating in the frequency range 30 MHz to 40 GHz when put on the market. The objective of the standard is to specify, for such equipment operating in typical conditions, the method for assessment of compliance distances according to the basic restrictions (directly or indirectly via compliance with reference levels) related to human exposure to radio frequency electromagnetic fields.

Provides means for demonstrating compliance with the basic restrictions on human exposure to low and intermediate frequency electric and magnetic fields specified in exposure standards or guidelines such as those produced by IEEE and ICNIRP. The object of EN 62226 is - to propose a more realistic approach to the modelling of the human exposure to low frequency electric and magnetic fields, using a set of models of growing complexity for the field emission source, or the human body or both; - to propose standardised values for the electrical parameters of organs in human body: electrical conductivity and permittivity and their variation with the frequency. The present basic standard does not aim at replacing the definitions and procedures specified in exposure standards or guidelines, such as those produced by IEEE or ICNIRP, but aims at providing additional procedures with a view to allowing compliance assessment with these documents. The present basic standard provides means for demonstrating compliance with the basic restrictions without having to go to the sophisticated models. Nevertheless, when the exposure conditions are well characterized (such as in product standards, for example) and when results from such models are available, they can be used for demonstrating compliance with EMF standards or guidelines.

This part of EN 62226 introduces the coupling factor K, to enable exposure assessment for complex exposure situations, such as non-uniform magnetic field or perturbed electric field. The coupling factor K has different physical interpretations depending on whether it relates to electric or magnetic field exposure. The aim of this part is to define in more detail this coupling factor K, for the case of simple models of the human body, exposed to non-uniform magnetic fields. It is thus called coupling factor for non-uniform magnetic field.