SIST EN 1344:2002
(Main)Clay pavers - Requirements and test methods
Clay pavers - Requirements and test methods
This European Standard specifies the requirements of pavers and accessories manufactured from clay for use in the flexible form of construction (pavers laid with narrow sand-filled joints on a sand bed) and in the rigid form of construction (pavers laid with cementitious mortar joints on a similar mortar bed, itself placed on a rigid base).
The standard applies to rectangular and other shaped units intended as construction products mainly for exterior use in pavements but which may also be used internally. The flexible form of construction will be subjected to pedestrian and vehicular traffic, while the rigid form of construction is usually subjected to pedestrian traffic. It excludes products intended for refractory and chemical engineering applications and clay floor tiles. It also excludes clay masonry units. This Standard does not deal with the tactility or visibility of units.
This European Standard specifies the characteristics and classes of performance measured according to test methods given in normative annexes. It provides for product marking and for the evaluation of conformity of the product to this European Standard.
Pflasterziegel - Anforderungen und Prüfverfahren
Diese Europäische Norm beschreibt die Anforderungen an aus Ton hergestellte Pflaster- und Ergänzungsziegel, die in ungebundener Verlegungsform verwendet werden (Pflasterziegel, die mit schmalen sandgefüllten Fugen auf einem Sandbett verlegt werden), und für solche, die in gebundener Verlegungsform verwendet werden (Pflasterziegel, die mit Zementmörtelfugen auf einem Zementmörtelbett verlegt werden, das sich selbst auf einem gebundenen Untergrund befindet).
Diese Norm bezieht sich auf rechtwinklige und nicht rechtwinklig geformte Pflasterziegel, die als Bauprodukte vorwiegend in Außenbereichen Anwendung finden, die aber auch in Innenbereichen verwendet werden können. Die ungebundene Verlegungsform bezieht sich auf den Fußgänger- und Fahrzeugverkehr, während sich die gebundene Verlegungsform üblicherweise auf den Fußgängerverkehr beschränkt. Sie behandelt keine Produkte für den Feuergebundene - und Säurebau und keine keramische Bodenfliesen. Sie behandelt ebenfalls keine Tonziegel, die für den Mauerwerksbau verwendet werden. Diese Norm behandelt nicht die taktilen Eigenschaften und die Erkennbarkeit von Pflasterziegeln.
Diese Europäische Norm enthält Angaben zu den Eigenschaften und Leistungsklassen, die nach den in den normativen Anhängen angegebenen Prüfverfahren gemessen werden. Sie ermöglicht die Produktkennzeichnung und die Konformitätsbeurteilung des Produkts nach den Anforderungen dieser EN.
Diese Europäische Norm enthält Angaben zu den Eigenschaften und Leistungsklassen, die nach den in den normativen Anhängen angegebenen Prüfverfahren gemessen werden. Sie ermöglicht die Produktkennzeichnung und die Konformitätsbeurteilung des Produkts nach den Anforderungen dieser EN.
Pavés en terre cuite - Spécifications et méthodes d'essais
La présente Norme européenne spécifie les exigences relatives aux pavés et accessoires fabriqués a partir d'argile, destinés a etre utilisés dans une forme souple de construction (pavés posés sur un lit de sable avec des joints étroits remplis de sable) et dans une forme rigide de construction (pavés posés avec des joints en mortier de ciment sur un lit en mortier similaire, lui-meme placé sur une base rigide).
La norme s'applique aux éléments de forme rectangulaire et autres, utilisés comme produits de construction, principalement destinés a un usage extérieur, en revetements de chaussées, mais qui peuvent aussi etre utilisés pour un usage intérieur. La forme souple de construction sera soumise a un trafic piétonnier et a la circulation de véhicules, alors que la forme rigide de construction est habituellement soumise a un trafic piétonnier. Elle exclut les produits destinés a des applications dans les domaines des réfractaires et du génie chimique ainsi que les carreaux de revetement de sol en terre cuite. Elle exclut également les éléments de maçonnerie en argile. Cette norme ne traite pas de la tactibilité ou de la visibilité de ces éléments.
La présente Norme européenne spécifie les caractéristiques et les classes de performance mesurées selon les méthodes d'essais décrites en annexes normatives. Elle indique les dispositions concernant le marquage et l'évaluation de la conformité des produits a cette norme européenne.
Opečni tlakovci - Zahteve in preskusne metode
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Clay pavers - Requirements and test methodsPavés en terre cuite - Spécifications et méthodes d'essaisPflasterziegel - Anforderungen und PrüfverfahrenTa slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 1344:2002SIST EN 1344:2002en93.080.20ICS:SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 1344:200201-september-2002
EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 1344March 2002ICS 93.080.20English versionClay pavers - Requirements and test methodsPflasterziegel - Anforderungen und PrüfverfahrenThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 23 December 2001.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2002 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 1344:2002 E
EN 1344:2002 (E)2ContentspageForeword.41Scope.52Normative references.53Terms and definitions.64Requirements.84.1Shape and dimensions.84.2Post firing chemical treatment.104.3Freeze/thaw resistance.104.4Transverse breaking load.114.5Abrasion resistance.124.6Slip/skid resistance.124.7Fire performance.134.8Emission of asbestos.134.9Emission of formaldehyde.134.10Thermal conductivity.134.11Acid resistance.135Evaluation of conformity.145.1General.145.2Type tests.145.3Factory production control.156Marking.17Annex A (normative)
Sampling.18A.1Sampling for type testing.18A.2Sampling for routine testing.18A.3Sampling for independent testing.18A.3.1General.18A.3.2Sampling procedure.19Annex B (normative)
Method for determination of dimensions.20B.1Apparatus.20B.2Procedure.20B.3Test report.22Annex C (normative)
Method for the determination of freeze/thaw resistance of claypavers.23C.1Principle.23C.2Apparatus.23C.3Preparation of specimens.23C.3.1Sampling.23C.3.2Conditioning of specimens.23C.4Construction of test panel.24C.5Procedure.24C.5.1General.24C.5.2Freeze/thaw cycling.25C.5.3Examination of test panel and units.25C.6Evaluation of results.26C.6.1Assessment of damage.26
EN 1344:2002 (E)3C.6.2Assessment of freeze/thaw resistance.26C.7Test report.27C.8Measurement of heat transfer rate.30Annex D (normative)
Method for the determination of transverse breaking load.31D.1Principle.31D.2Apparatus.31D.3Procedure.31D.4Calculation.31D.4.1Calculation of transverse breaking load.31D.4.2Optional calculation of bending tensile strength.32D.5Test report.32Annex E (normative)
Method for the determination of abrasion resistance.33E.1Principle.33E.2Sampling.33E.3Material.33E.4Apparatus.33E.5Test specimens.33E.6Procedure.34E.7Expression of results.34E.8Test report.34Annex F (normative)
Method for the determination of unpolished slip/skid resistancevalue (USRV).38F.1Principle.38F.2Apparatus.38F.2.1Pendulum friction tester.38F.3Sampling.43F.4Procedure.44F.5Calculation of unpolished slip/skid resistance value (USRV).44F.6Test report.44Annex G (normative)
Method for the determination of acid resistance.46G.1Principle.46G.2Reagents.46G.3Apparatus.46G.4Procedure.46G.5Expression of results.47G.6Test report.47Annex ZA (informative)
Clauses of this European Standard addressing the provisions ofthe EU Construction Products Directive (89/106/EEC).48
EN 1344:2002 (E)4ForewordThis document EN 1344:2002 has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 178 “Paving unitsand kerbs”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI.This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of anidentical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2002, and conflicting national standardsshall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2003.This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission andthe European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative annex ZA, which is an integral part of thisdocument.The annexes A to G are normative.According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of thefollowing countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, CzechRepublic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta,Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
EN 1344:2002 (E)51 ScopeThis European Standard specifies the requirements of pavers and accessories manufactured fromclay for use in the flexible form of construction (pavers laid with narrow sand-filled joints on a sandbed) and in the rigid form of construction (pavers laid with cementitious mortar joints on a similarmortar bed, itself placed on a rigid base).The standard applies to rectangular and other shaped units intended as construction products mainlyfor exterior use in pavements but which may also be used internally.
The flexible form of constructionwill be subjected to pedestrian and vehicular traffic, while the rigid form of construction is usuallysubjected to pedestrian traffic.
It excludes products intended for refractory and chemical engineeringapplications and clay floor tiles.
It also excludes clay masonry units.
This Standard does not dealwith the tactility or visibility of units.This European Standard specifies the characteristics and classes of performance measuredaccording to test methods given in normative annexes. It provides for product marking and for theevaluation of conformity of the product to this European Standard.2 Normative referencesThis European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from otherpublications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text, and thepublications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revision of anyof these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment orrevision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies (includingamendments).ISO 48, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic. Determination of hardness (hardness between 10 IRHDand 100 IRHD).ISO 630, Structural steels.ISO 3310, Test sieves – Technical requirements and testing.ISO 4662, Rubber — Determination of rebound resilience of vulcanizates.ISO 7619, Rubber — Determination of indentation hardness by means of pocket hardness meters.ISO 8486, Bonded Abrasives — Grain Size Analysis — Designation and determination of grain sizedistribution of macrogrits F4 to F220.prEN 1745, Masonry and masonry products — Method for determining design thermal values.
EN 1344:2002 (E)63 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this European Standard, the following terms and definitions apply.3.1clay paverunit satisfying certain shape and dimensional requirements (see 4.1) used for the surface course ofpavements and manufactured predominantly from clay or other argillaceous material, with or withoutany additions, by shaping, drying and firing at a sufficiently high temperature to form a durableceramic product3.2accessoryspecially shaped unit intended to fulfil a particular function in the finished pavement.
Fittings for usein flexible paving allow completion of the pavement at the perimeter and around obstructions bybonding with pavers laid in a prescribed pattern (e.g. squares, bishops mitre units).
Fittings for usewith rigid paving being bedded, jointed and pointed in mortar may be used to fulfil functions in bothrigid laid paving, such as the provision of surface water drainage, e.g. channel units, or to fulfilparticular functions in flexible paving schemes and/or to provide edge restraint for flexible pavements3.3work dimensionany dimension of a paver specified for its manufacture to which the actual dimension should conformwithin specified permissible deviations (see Figure 1)NOTEFor rectangular pavers, the dimensions of length, width and thickness are indicated in Figure 1.Some pavers may be used in two or more orientations.3.4spacer nibsmall protruding profile on side face of paver (see Figure 1)NOTEAs the spacer nib is intended to project into the joint, its presence is ignored when stating plan workdimensions e.g. for the length and width of rectangular pavers.3.5chamferbevelled or rounded arris on paver (see Figure 2)3.6wearing facesurface intended to be seen when in use3.7overall lengthlonger side of the rectangle with the smallest area able to enclose the paver excluding any spacernibs3.8overall widthshorter side of the rectangle with the smallest area able to enclose the paver excluding any spacernibs3.9overall thicknessdistance between the upper wearing face of the paver and the opposite face of the paver
EN 1344:2002 (E)7Paver dimensions for paver intended for flexible laying.Paver dimensions for pavers intended for rigid paving, or flexible pavingNibs in drawing rounded.KeyNOTE 1Position of spacer nibs and chamfers can vary with different pavers.NOTE 2Certain pavers without nibs or chamfers can be used for flexible laying.Figure 1 — Paver dimensionsl – lengthw – widtht - thickness
EN 1344:2002 (E)84 Requirements4.1 Shape and dimensions4.1.1 FormPavers shall be rectangular or any other shape that allows them to be laid in a repeating pattern. Theymay be provided with a chamfer on the arrises around one or more of the paver surfaces that areintended to form the wearing face. If a chamfer having a work dimension greater than 7 mm in widthor depth (see Figure 2) is provided, this shall be stated by the manufacturer.NOTEThe restriction on the size of the chamfer prevents the formation of an excessively wide recessedjoint.Pavers for flexible paving may also be provided with spacer nibs on two or more of the paver surfacesthat will be vertical in use.Pavers for rigid paving shall either be rectangular or shaped so that they may be laid in a combinationwith each other separated only by a nominal 10 mm mortar joint.NOTEPavers for rigid paving should not incorporate spacer nibs.4.1.2 Work dimensionsThe work dimensions of length, width and thickness of rectangular pavers shall be stated inmillimetres in that order. It shall also be declared in which orientation(s) the pavers may be used (i.e.which is/are the wearing face(s)). The geometry of non-rectangular pavers shall be given if necessaryby reference to a scale drawing or sketch upon which the work size dimensions are marked.The work thickness of pavers for flexible paving shall be not less than 40 mm and the workdimensions shall be such that the ratio of overall length to thickness is not greater than 6.The work thickness for pavers for rigid paving shall be not less than 30 mm.
EN 1344:2002 (E)9Key1Chamfer width2Chamfer depthFigure 2 — Chamfer width and depth
EN 1344:2002 (E)104.1.3 Dimensional deviations4.1.3.1 MeanWhen sampled in accordance with annex A and measured in accordance with annex B, the meanvalue for a given dimension of a sample of 10 pavers shall not differ from the declared workdimension by more than 4,0d rounded to the nearest mm, where d is the work dimension inmillimetres.NOTESome manufacturers may be able to supply pavers to a closer deviation of the mean from thedeclared work dimension than is given by the above expression, in which case the appropriate declaration maybe made.4.1.3.2 RangeThe difference between the largest and the smallest measurement of any given measured dimensionto be found within a sample of 10 pavers, taken from a consignment in accordance with annex A andmeasured in accordance with annex B, shall be stated by reference to one of the two classes given inTable 1.Table 1 — RangeClassRange(not greater than)mmR0No determinationR10,6dNOTE
Some manufacturers may be able to supply pavers having a smaller range than indicated by class R1 inwhich case an appropriate declaration may be made.The requirement for dimensional deviations does not apply to associated fittings.4.2 Post firing chemical treatmentThe test methods for freeze thaw resistance, transverse breaking load, abrasion resistance andunpolished slip/skid resistance are determined using pavers which have had no post firing chemicaltreatment applied to them.
If following testing to establish the performance of the paver andaccessories in accordance with the requirements of this European Standard, the manufacturer wishesto apply a post firing chemical treatment, the products shall be tested both with and without the postfiring chemical treatment.
The testing shall be in accordance with the requirements of the relevantclause of this European Standard and the results shall be stated in accordance with the requirementsof the relevant clause.4.3 Freeze/thaw resistanceIt shall be stated whether the pavers are intended to meet the criteria for freeze/thaw resistanceincluded in the method given in annex C.
EN 1344:2002 (E)11When sampled in accordance with annex A and tested by the chosen method the pavers shall meetthe relevant criteria given in the test method. Classification of the pavers shall be indicated by theappropriate marking shown in Table 2.Table 2 — Freeze/thaw resistanceClassMarkClassificationF0F0No determinationFP100FP100Freeze/thaw resistantNOTEThe freeze/thaw characteristics of FP100 clay pavers are not affected by commonly used de-icingsalts.4.4 Transverse breaking loadThe transverse breaking load of the pavers for each of the orientations in which the pavers may beused shall be stated by reference to Table 3. When sampled in accordance with annex A and testedin accordance with annex D, with their wearing faces uppermost, the mean value and the minimumindividual value of the transverse breaking load of a sample of ten pavers shall be not less than theappropriate value given in Table 3 and be classified accordingly.NOTESome pavers have more than one orientation.
Manufacturers who are able to supply pavers withmore than one orientation should state the orientation upon which the test was performed.Table 3 — Transverse breaking loadClassTransverse breaking load not less than (N/mm)Mean valueMinimum individual valueT0No declarationNo declarationT13015T23024T38050T48064NOTE 1
This requirement for transverse breaking load does not apply to accessories or topavers whose overall length is less than 80 mm.NOTE 2
Class TO is only suitable for pavers intended for use for rigid laying where the paversare laid with cementitious mortar joints on a similar mortar bed itself placed on a rigid base.NOTE 3
The manufacturer may declare a mean value and minimum individual value higherthan those corresponding to class T4.NOTE 4
The manufacturer may declare a mean and minimum bending tensile strength valuecalculated from the formula given in D.4.2.
EN 1344:2002 (E)124.5 Abrasion resistanceThe abrasion resistance value of the pavers shall be stated by reference to one of the classes givenin Table 4.When sampled in accordance with annex A, and tested in accordance with annex E, the meanabraded volume for a sample of five pavers obtained from two measurements on each paver shall benot greater than the appropriate value given in Table 4.Table 4 — Abrasion resistanceClassMean abraded volume(not greater than)mm3A12 100A21 100A34504.6 Slip/skid resistance4.6.1 ConditionsClay pavers have satisfactory slip/skid resistance provided that their whole upper surface has notbeen ground and/or polished, or manufactured, such that a very smooth surface is produced.4.6.2 Test methodIf in an exceptional case the unpolished slip/skid resistance value (USRV) is required, the USRV ofthe pavers shall be stated by reference to one of the classes given in Table 5.
If the pavers may beused in more than one orientation, the values for the intended wearing faces shall be declared.NOTEThe unpolished slip/skid resistance value relates to pavers as manufactured and helps to ensureadequate slip/skid on installation.When sampled in accordance with annex A, and tested in accordance with annex F the mean USRVof the sub-sample of five pavers shall be not less than the value for the appropriate declared classgiven in Table 5 and be classified accordingly.Table 5 — Classification of unpolished slip/skid resistance value (SRV)ClassMean SRVU0No determinationU135U245U355NOTESome manufacturers may declare higher values.
EN 1344:2002 (E)134.6.3 Durability of slip/skid resistanceClay pavers have satisfactory slip/skid resistance during the working life of the product providing theyare subject to normal maintenance and have not been subject to grinding and/or polishing to producea very smooth surface.NOTEThe development of a performance based test method for the durability of slip/skid resistance isproceeding in TC 178/WG 4.4.6.4 Requirements for the durability of slip/skid resistanceWhere a requirement on durability of slip/skid resistance exists, this requirement shall be determinedas described in the standard or other Technical Specification valid in the country of use of the product.4.7 Fire performance4.7.1 Reaction to fireClay paving units are “Class A1” reaction to fire without testing.
Reference is made to theCommission decision 96/603/EC.4.7.2 External fire performanceClay pavers used as a roof covering are deemed to satisfy the requirements for external fireperformance without the need for testing.
See Commission decision 2000/553/EC.4.8 Emission of asbestosClay pavers shall not contain asbestos material.4.9 Emission of formaldehydeClay pavers shall not contain formaldehyde.
After manufacture, any applied surface coating will eithernot contain formaldehyde or will not release formaldehyde that is in excess of safety levels.4.10 Thermal conductivityIf clay pavers are used internally and if required, design data on thermal conductivity shall be takenfrom prEN 1745.4.11 Acid resistanceWhere there is a requirement for resistance to acid attack as the result of accidental spillage of acid intrafficked areas, the percentage loss in mass of a sample of five pavers sampled in accordance withannex A and tested in accordance with annex G shall not exceed 7 %. Pavers meeting thisrequirement may be designated “Class C”. Manufacturers may declare a lower value than 7 %.No post-firing surface chemical treatment shall be applied to the pavers or accessories prior to testing.
EN 1344:2002 (E)14If following testing the performance of the paver and accessories in accordance with the requirementsof this European Standard the manufacturer wishes to apply a post-firing chemical treatment, theproducts shall be tested with the post-firing chemical treatment in accordance with the requirements ofthis European Standard and state the results, in accordance with 4.11.NOTE 1The acid resistance test in this standard is not applicable to the testing of pavers for use in chemicalengineering applications, e.g. construction of floors, container vessels and reaction vessels which are continuallysubjected to chemically aggressive conditions.NOTE 2Typical examples of applications where requirements for acid resistance may be specified are:In roadways and open air factory yard areas, of industrial premises such as chemical works and the food industrywhere aggressive substances are sometimes in contact with the paving.In farm yards where silage and aggressive liquors could be present.However, in the majority of applications, the inherent acid resistance is satisfactory and therefore need not bespecified.5 Evaluation of conformity5.1 GeneralThe manufacturer shall demonstrate that clay pavers and accessories are in conformity with thisstandard by adopting the regimes for type testing and factory production control as provided for in thisclause.5.2 Type testsInitial type testing shall be performed on the first application of this standard.
Tests previouslyperformed in accordance with the provisions of this standard (same product, same characteristic, testmethod, sampling procedure, etc.) may be taken into account.Whenever a major change in the source, proportions or nature of raw materials occurs, or when thereis a major change in processing conditions (e.g. firing times and temperatures) this constitutes a newproduct type.The type tests shall be the tests called up in this standard for the following list of prope
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.