oSIST prEN 1344:2010
(Main)Clay pavers - Requirements and test methods
Clay pavers - Requirements and test methods
This European Standard specifies the requirements of pavers and accessories manufactured from clay for use in the flexible form of construction (pavers laid with narrow sand-filled joints on a sand bed) and in the rigid form of construction (pavers laid with cementitious mortar joints on a similar mortar bed, itself placed on a rigid base).
The standard applies to rectangular and other shaped units intended as construction products mainly for exterior use in pavements but which may also be used internally. The flexible form of construction will be subjected to pedestrian and vehicular traffic, while the rigid form of construction is usually subjected to pedestrian traffic. It excludes products intended for refractory and chemical engineering applications and clay floor tiles. It also excludes clay masonry units. This Standard does not deal with the tactility or visibility of units.
This European Standard specifies the characteristics and classes of performance measured according to test methods given in normative annexes. It provides for product marking and for the evaluation of conformity of the product to this European Standard.
Pflasterziegel - Anforderungen und Prüfverfahren
Diese Europäische Norm legt die Anforderungen an aus Ton hergestellte Pflaster- und Ergänzungsziegel fest die in ungebundener Verlegungsform verwendet werden (Pflasterziegel, die mit schmalen sand¬gefüllten Fugen auf einem Sandbett verlegt werden), und für solche, die in gebundener Verlegungsform verwendet werden (Pflasterziegel, die mit Zementmörtelfugen auf einem Zementmörtelbett verlegt werden, das sich selbst auf einem gebundenen Untergrund befindet).
Diese Norm gilt für rechtwinklige und nicht rechtwinklig geformte Pflasterziegel, die als Bauprodukte vorwiegend in Außenbereichen Anwendung finden, die aber auch in Innenbereichen verwendet werden können. Die ungebundene Verlegungsform gilt für den Fußgänger- und Fahrzeugverkehr, während sich die gebundene Verlegungsform üblicherweise auf den Fußgängerverkehr beschränkt. Sie gilt nicht für Produkte für Anwendungen als feuerfester Werkstoff und in der chemischen Verfahrenstechnik und als keramische Bodenfliesen. Sie gilt ebenfalls nicht für Tonziegel, die für den Mauerwerksbau verwendet werden. Diese Norm legt nicht die taktilen Eigenschaften und die Erkennbarkeit von Pflasterziegeln fest.
Diese Europäische Norm legt die zu den Eigenschaften und Leistungsklassen fest, die nach den in den normativen Anhängen angegebenen Prüfverfahren gemessen werden. Sie ermöglicht die Produktkenn-zeichnung und die Konformitätsbeurteilung des Produkts nach den Anforderungen dieser EN.
Pavés en terre cuite - Spécifications et méthodes d'essais
La présente Norme européenne spécifie les exigences relatives aux pavés et accessoires fabriqués à partir d'argile, destinés à être utilisés dans une forme souple de construction (pavés posés sur un lit de sable avec des joints étroits remplis de sable) et dans une forme rigide de construction (pavés posés avec des joints en mortier de ciment sur un lit en mortier similaire, lui-même placé sur une base rigide).
La norme s'applique aux éléments de forme rectangulaire et autres, utilisés comme produits de construction, principalement destinés à un usage extérieur, en revêtements de chaussées, mais qui peuvent aussi être utilisés pour un usage intérieur. La forme souple de construction sera soumise à un trafic piétonnier et à la circulation de véhicules, alors que la forme rigide de construction est habituellement soumise à un trafic piétonnier. Elle exclut les produits destinés à des applications dans les domaines des réfractaires et du génie chimique ainsi que les carreaux de revêtement de sol en terre cuite. Elle exclut également les éléments de maçonnerie en argile. Cette norme ne traite pas de la tactibilité ou de la visibilité de ces éléments.
La présente Norme européenne spécifie les caractéristiques et les classes de performance mesurées selon les méthodes d'essais décrites en annexes normatives. Elle indique les dispositions concernant le marquage et l'évaluation de la conformité des produits à cette norme européenne.
Opečni tlakovci - Zahteve in preskusne metode
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 1344:2010
01-januar-2010
2SHþQLWODNRYFL=DKWHYHLQSUHVNXVQHPHWRGH
Clay pavers - Requirements and test methods
Pflasterziegel - Anforderungen und Prüfverfahren
Pavés en terre cuite - Spécifications et méthodes d'essais
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 1344
ICS:
93.080.20 Materiali za gradnjo cest Road construction materials
oSIST prEN 1344:2010 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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oSIST prEN 1344:2010
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oSIST prEN 1344:2010
EUROPEAN STANDARD
DRAFT
prEN 1344
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
November 2009
ICS 93.080.20 Will supersede EN 1344:2002
English Version
Clay pavers - Requirements and test methods
Pavés en terre cuite - Spécifications et méthodes d'essais Pflasterziegel - Anforderungen und Prüfverfahren
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 178.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which
stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language
made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the
same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are aware and to
provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without notice and
shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2009 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 1344:2009: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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Contents
page
Foreword . 4
1 Scope. 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms and definitions . 6
4 Requirements . 8
4.1 Shape and dimensions . 8
4.2 Post firing chemical treatment . 10
4.3 Freeze/thaw resistance . 10
4.4 Transverse breaking load . 10
4.5 Abrasion resistance . 12
4.6 Slip/skid resistance . 12
4.7 Fire performance . 13
4.8 Emission of asbestos . 13
4.9 Emission of formaldehyde . 13
4.10 Thermal conductivity . 13
4.11 Acid resistance . 13
5 Evaluation of conformity . 14
5.1 General . 14
5.2 Type tests . 14
5.3 Factory production control . 15
6 Marking . 17
Annex A (normative) Sampling . 18
A.1 Sampling for type testing . 18
A.2 Sampling for routine testing . 18
A.3 Sampling for independent testing . 18
A.3.1 General . 18
A.3.2 Sampling procedure . 19
Annex B (normative) Method for determination of dimensions . 20
B.1 Apparatus . 20
B.2 Procedure . 20
B.3 Test report . 22
Annex C (normative) Method for the determination of freeze/thaw resistance of clay
pavers . 23
C.1 Principle . 23
C.2 Apparatus . 23
C.3 Preparation of specimens . 23
C.3.1 Sampling . 23
C.3.2 Conditioning of specimens . 23
C.4 Construction of test panel. 24
C.5 Procedure . 24
C.5.1 General . 24
C.5.2 Freeze/thaw cycling . 25
C.5.3 Examination of test panel and units . 25
C.6 Evaluation of results . 26
C.6.1 Assessment of damage . 26
C.7 Test report . 26
C.8 Measurement of heat transfer rate . 29
Annex D (normative) Method for the determination of transverse breaking load . 30
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D.1 Principle . 30
D.2 Apparatus . 30
D.3 Procedure . 30
D.4 Calculation . 30
D.4.1 Calculation of transverse breaking load. 30
D.4.2 Optional calculation of bending tensile strength . 31
D.5 Test report . 31
Annex E (normative) Method for the determination of abrasion resistance . 32
E.1 Principle . 32
E.2 Sampling . 32
E.3 Material . 32
E.4 Apparatus . 32
E.5 Test specimens . 32
E.6 Procedure . 32
E.7 Expression of results. 33
E.8 Test report . 33
Annex F (normative) Method for the determination of unpolished slip/skid resistance
value (USRV) . 37
F.1 Principle . 37
F.2 Apparatus . 37
F.2.1 Pendulum friction tester . 37
F.3 Sampling . 43
F.4 Procedure . 43
F.5 Calculation of unpolished slip/skid resistance value (USRV) . 43
F.6 Test report . 44
Annex G (normative) Method for the determination of acid resistance . 45
G.1 Principle . 45
G.2 Reagents . 45
G.3 Apparatus . 45
G.4 Procedure . 45
G.5 Expression of results. 46
G.6 Test report . 46
Annex ZA (informative) Clauses of this European Standard addressing the provisions of
the EU Construction Products Directive (89/106/EEC) . 47
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Foreword
This document (prEN 1344:2009) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 178 “Paving
units and kerbs”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI.
This document is submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document will supersede EN 1344:2002.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and
the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).
For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this
document.
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1 Scope
This European Standard specifies the requirements of pavers and accessories manufactured from
clay for use in the flexible form of construction (pavers laid with narrow sand-filled joints on a sand
bed) and in the rigid form of construction (pavers laid with cementitious mortar joints on a similar
mortar bed, itself placed on a rigid base).
The standard applies to rectangular and other shaped units intended as construction products mainly
for exterior use in pavements but which may also be used internally. The flexible form of construction
will be subjected to pedestrian and vehicular traffic, while the rigid form of construction is usually
subjected to pedestrian traffic. It excludes products intended for refractory and chemical engineering
applications and clay floor tiles. It also excludes clay masonry units. This Standard does not deal
with the tactility or visibility of units.
This European Standard specifies the characteristics and classes of performance measured
according to test methods given in normative annexes. It provides for product marking and for the
evaluation of conformity of the product to this European Standard.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 1745, Masonry and masonry products — Method for determining design thermal values
ISO 48, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic. Determination of hardness (hardness between 10 IRHD
and 100 IRHD)
ISO 630, Structural steels
ISO 3310, Test sieves – Technical requirements and testing
ISO 4662, Rubber — Determination of rebound resilience of vulcanizates
ISO 7619, Rubber — Determination of indentation hardness by means of pocket hardness meters
ISO 8486, Bonded Abrasives — Grain Size Analysis — Designation and determination of grain size
distribution of macrogrits F4 to F220
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3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
clay paver
unit satisfying certain shape and dimensional requirements (see 4.1) used for the surface course of
pavements and manufactured predominantly from clay or other argillaceous material, with or without
any additions, by shaping, drying and firing at a sufficiently high temperature to form a durable
ceramic product
3.2
accessory
specially shaped unit intended to fulfil a particular function in the finished pavement. Fittings for use
in flexible paving allow completion of the pavement at the perimeter and around obstructions by
bonding with pavers laid in a prescribed pattern (e.g. squares, bishops mitre units). Fittings for use
with rigid paving being bedded, jointed and pointed in mortar may be used to fulfil functions in both
rigid laid paving, such as the provision of surface water drainage, e.g. channel units, or to fulfil
particular functions in flexible paving schemes and/or to provide edge restraint for flexible pavements
3.3
work dimension
any dimension of a paver specified for its manufacture to which the actual dimension should conform
within specified permissible deviations (see Figure 1)
NOTE For rectangular pavers, the dimensions of length, width and thickness are indicated in Figure 1.
Some pavers may be used in two or more orientations.
3.4
spacer nib
small protruding profile on side face of paver (see Figure 1)
NOTE As the spacer nib is intended to project into the joint, its presence is ignored when stating plan work
dimensions e.g. for the length and width of rectangular pavers.
3.5
chamfer
bevelled or rounded arris on paver (see Figure 2)
3.6
wearing face
surface intended to be seen when in use
3.7
overall length
longer side of the rectangle to enclose the wearing face of the paver excluding any spacer nibs
3.8
overall width
shorter side of the rectangle to enclose the wearing face of the paver excluding any spacer nibs
3.9
overall thickness
distance between the upper wearing face of the paver and the opposite face of the paver
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t
l
w
Paver dimensions for paver intended for flexible laying.
t
l
w
Paver dimensions for pavers intended for rigid paving, or flexible paving
Nibs in drawing rounded.
Key
l – length
w – width
t - thickness
NOTE 1 Position of spacer nibs and chamfers can vary with different pavers.
NOTE 2 Certain pavers without nibs or chamfers can be used for flexible laying.
Figure 1 — Paver dimensions
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4 Requirements
4.1 Shape and dimensions
4.1.1 Form
Pavers shall be rectangular or any other shape that allows them to be laid in a repeating pattern. They
may be provided with a chamfer on the arrises around one or more of the paver surfaces that are
intended to form the wearing face. If a chamfer having a work dimension greater than 7 mm in width
or depth (see Figure 2) is provided, this shall be stated by the manufacturer.
NOTE 1 The restriction on the size of the chamfer prevents the formation of an excessively wide recessed
joint.
Pavers for flexible paving may also be provided with spacer nibs on two or more of the paver surfaces
that will be vertical in use.
Pavers for rigid paving shall either be rectangular or shaped so that they may be laid in a combination
with each other separated only by a nominal 10 mm mortar joint.
NOTE 2 Pavers for rigid paving should not incorporate spacer nibs.
4.1.2 Work dimensions
The work dimensions of length, width and thickness of rectangular pavers shall be stated in
millimetres in that order. It shall also be declared in which orientation(s) the pavers may be used (i.e.
which is/are the wearing face(s)). The geometry of non-rectangular pavers shall be given if necessary
by reference to a scale drawing or sketch upon which the work size dimensions are marked.
The work thickness of pavers for flexible paving shall be not less than 40 mm and the work
dimensions shall be such that the ratio of overall length to thickness is not greater than 6.
The work thickness for pavers for rigid paving shall be not less than 30 mm.
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1
2
1
2
Key
1 Chamfer width
2 Chamfer depth
Figure 2 — Chamfer width and depth
4.1.3 Dimensional deviations
4.1.3.1 Mean
When sampled in accordance with Annex A and measured in accordance with Annex B, the mean
value for a given dimension of a sample of 10 pavers shall not differ from the declared work
dimension by more than 0,4 d rounded to the nearest mm, where d is the work dimension in
millimetres.
NOTE Some manufacturers may be able to supply pavers to a closer deviation of the mean from the
declared work dimension than is given by the above expression, in which case the appropriate declaration may
be made.
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4.1.3.2 Range
The difference between the largest and the smallest measurement of any given measured dimension
to be found within a sample of 10 pavers, taken from a consignment in accordance with Annex A and
measured in accordance with Annex B, shall be stated by reference to one of the two classes given in
Table 1.
Table 1 — Range
Class Range
(not greater than)
mm
R0 No determination
R1
0,6 d
NOTE Some manufacturers may be able to supply pavers having a smaller range than indicated by class R1 in
which case an appropriate declaration may be made.
The requirement for dimensional deviations does not apply to associated fittings.
4.2 Post firing chemical treatment
The test methods for freeze thaw resistance, transverse breaking load, abrasion resistance and
unpolished slip/skid resistance are determined using pavers which have had no post firing chemical
treatment applied to them. If following testing to establish the performance of the paver and
accessories in accordance with the requirements of this European Standard, the manufacturer wishes
to apply a post firing chemical treatment, the products shall be tested both with and without the post
firing chemical treatment. The testing shall be in accordance with the requirements of the relevant
clause of this European Standard and the results shall be stated in accordance with the requirements
of the relevant clause.
4.3 Freeze/thaw resistance
It shall be stated whether the pavers are intended to meet the criteria for freeze/thaw resistance
included in the method given in Annex C.
When sampled in accordance with Annex A and tested by the chosen method the pavers shall meet
the relevant criteria given in the test method. Classification of the pavers shall be indicated by the
appropriate marking shown in Table 2.
Table 2 — Freeze/thaw resistance
Class Mark Classification
F0 F0 No determination
FP100 FP100 Freeze/thaw resistant
NOTE The freeze/thaw characteristics of FP100 clay pavers are not affected by commonly used de-icing
salts.
4.4 Transverse breaking load
The transverse breaking load of the pavers for each of the orientations in which the pavers may be
used shall be stated by reference to Table 3. When sampled in accordance with Annex A and tested
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in accordance with Annex D, with their wearing faces uppermost, the mean value and the minimum
individual value of the transverse breaking load of a sample of ten pavers shall be not less than the
appropriate value given in Table 3 and be classified accordingly.
NOTE Some pavers have more than one orientation. Manufacturers who are able to supply pavers with
more than one orientation should state the orientation upon which the test was performed.
Table 3 — Transverse breaking load
Class Transverse breaking load not less than (N/mm)
Mean value Minimum individual value
T0 No declaration No declaration
T1 30 15
T2 30 24
T3 80 50
T4 80 64
NOTE 1 This requirement for transverse breaking load does not apply to accessories or to
pavers whose overall length is less than 80 mm.
NOTE 2 Class TO is only suitable for pavers intended for use for rigid laying where the pavers
are laid with cementitious mortar joints on a similar mortar bed itself placed on a rigid base.
NOTE 3 The manufacturer may declare a mean value and minimum individual value higher
than those corresponding to class T4.
NOTE 4 The manufacturer may declare a mean and minimum bending tensile strength value
calculated from the formula given in D.4.2.
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4.5 Abrasion resistance
The abrasion resistance value of the pavers shall be stated by reference to one of the classes given
in Table 4.
When sampled in accordance with Annex A, and tested in accordance with Annex E, the mean
abraded volume for a sample of five pavers obtained from two measurements on each paver shall be
not greater than the appropriate value given in Table 4.
Table 4 — Abrasion resistance
Class Mean abraded volume
(not greater than)
3
mm
A1 2 100
A2 1 100
A3 450
4.6 Slip/skid resistance
4.6.1 Conditions
Clay pavers have satisfactory slip/skid resistance provided that their whole upper surface has not
been ground and/or polished, or manufactured, such that a very smooth surface is produced.
4.6.2 Test method
If in an exceptional case the unpolished slip/skid resistance value (USRV) is required, the USRV of
the pavers shall be stated by reference to one of the classes given in Table 5. If the pavers may be
used in more than one orientation, the values for the intended wearing faces shall be declared.
NOTE The unpolished slip/skid resistance value relates to pavers as manufactured and helps to ensure
adequate slip/skid on installation.
When sampled in accordance with Annex A, and tested in accordance with Annex F the mean USRV
of the sub-sample of five pavers shall be not less than the value for the appropriate declared class
given in Table 5 and be classified accordingly.
Table 5 — Classification of unpolished slip/skid resistance value (USRV)
Class Mean USRV
U0 No determination
U1 35
U2 45
U3 55
NOTE Some manufacturers may declare higher values.
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4.6.3 Durability of slip/skid resistance
Clay pavers have satisfactory slip/skid resistance during the working life of the product providing they
are subject to normal maintenance and have not been subject to grinding and/or polishing to produce
a very smooth surface.
NOTE The development of a performance based test method for the durability of slip/skid resistance is
proceeding in TC 178/WG 4.
4.6.4 Requirements for the durability of slip/skid resistance
Where a requirement on durability of slip/skid resistance exists, this requirement shall be determined
as described in the standard or other Technical Specification valid in the country of use of the product.
4.7 Fire performance
4.7.1 Reaction to fire
Clay paving units are “Class A1” reaction to fire without testing. Reference is made to the
Commission decision 96/603/EC.
4.7.2 External fire performance
Clay pavers used as a roof covering are deemed to satisfy the requirements for external fire
performance without the need for testing. See Commission decision 2000/553/EC.
4.8 Emission of asbestos
Clay pavers shall not contain asbestos material.
4.9 Emission of formaldehyde
Clay pavers shall not contain formaldehyde. After manufacture, any applied surface coating will either
not contain formaldehyde or will not release formaldehyde that is in excess of safety levels.
4.10 Thermal conductivity
If clay pavers are used internally and if required, design data on thermal conductivity shall be taken
from EN 1745.
4.11 Acid resistance
Where there is a requirement for resistance to acid attack as the result of accidental spillage of acid in
trafficked areas, the percentage loss in mass of a sample of five pavers sampled in accordance with
Annex A and tested in accordance with Annex G shall not exceed 7 %. Pavers meeting this
requirement may be designated “Class C”. Manufacturers may declare a lower value than 7 %.
No post-firing surface chemical treatment shall be applied to the pavers or accessories pri
...
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