SIST ENV 25349:2000
(Main)Mechanical vibration - Guidelines for the measurement and the assessment of human exposure to hand-transmitted vibration (ISO 5349:1986)
Mechanical vibration - Guidelines for the measurement and the assessment of human exposure to hand-transmitted vibration (ISO 5349:1986)
This EN specifies general methods for measuring and reporting hand-transmitted vibration guidance for the evaluation of hand-transmitted vibration specified in terms of a frequency-weighted vibration acceleration and dayly exposure time. It does not define the limits of safe exposure.
Mechanische Schwingungen - Leitfaden zur Messung und Beurteilung der Einwirkung von Schwingungen auf das Hand-Arm System des Menschen (ISO 5349:1986)
Vibrations mécaniques - Principes directeurs pour le mesurage et l'évaluation de l'exposition des individus aux vibrations transmises par la main (ISO 5349:1986)
La présente partie de la CEI 61249 donne les exigences concernant les propriétés des feuilles stratifiées en tissu de verre de type E époxyde non halogéné modifié ayant une épaisseur comprise entre 0,05 mm et 3,2 mm, d'inflammabilité définie (essai de combustion verticale) plaquées cuivre. Les caractéristiques d'inflammabilité sont obtenues en utilisant des mélanges à base de phosphore et/ou des ignifuges en hydroxyde d'aluminium contenus dans la structure polymère. La température de transition vitreuse est définie entre 150 °C et 190 °C.
Mechanical vibration - Guidelines for the measurement and the assessment of human exposure to hand-transmitted vibration (ISO 5349:1986)
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Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST ENV 25349:2000
01-december-2000
Mechanical vibration - Guidelines for the measurement and the assessment of
human exposure to hand-transmitted vibration (ISO 5349:1986)
Mechanical vibration - Guidelines for the measurement and the assessment of human
exposure to hand-transmitted vibration (ISO 5349:1986)
Mechanische Schwingungen - Leitfaden zur Messung und Beurteilung der Einwirkung
von Schwingungen auf das Hand-Arm System des Menschen (ISO 5349:1986)
Vibrations mécaniques - Principes directeurs pour le mesurage et l'évaluation de
l'exposition des individus aux vibrations transmises par la main (ISO 5349:1986)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ENV 25349:1992
ICS:
13.160 Vpliv vibracij in udarcev na Vibration and shock with
ljudi respect to human beings
SIST ENV 25349:2000 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST ENV 25349:2000
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SIST ENV 25349:2000
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SIST ENV 25349:2000
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SIST ENV 25349:2000
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SIST ENV 25349:2000
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SIST ENV 25349:2000
International Standard
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION.MEI@YHAPO&HAR OPrAHM3A~MR I-IO CTAH,QAPTM3A~MM@ORGANlSATlON INTERNATIONALE DE NORMALISATION
Mechanical vibration
- Guidelines for the measurement
and the assessment of human exposure
to hand-transmitted vibration
Vibrations mhcaniques - Principes directeurs pour le mesurage et @valuation de l’exposition des individus aux vibrations
transmises par la main
First edition - 1986-05-15
UDC 534.1 : 614.872.5 Ref. No. IS0 5349-1986 (E)
Descriptors : human body, exposure, vibration, measurement, ergonomics, measuring instruments, safety requirements.
Price based on 12 pages
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SIST ENV 25349:2000
Foreword
IS0 (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of
national standards bodies (IS0 member bodies). The work of preparing International
Standards is normally carried out through IS0 technical committees. Each member
body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has
the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, govern-
mental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to
the member bodies for approval before their acceptance as International Standards by
the IS0 Council. They are approved in accordance with IS0 procedures requiring at
least 75 % approval by the member bodies voting.
International Standard IS0 5349 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 108,
Mechanical vibration and shock.
Users should note that all International Standards undergo revision from time to time
and that any reference made herein to any other International Standard implies its
latest edition, unless otherwise stated.
0 International Organization for Standardization, 1986 l
Printed in Switzerland
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SIST ENV 25349:2000
ISd 53484986 (E)
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
Guidelines for the measurement
Mechanical vibration -
and the assessment of human exposure
to hand-transmitted vibration
centre frequencies from 6,3 to 1 250 Hz, the octave bands,
0 Introduction
having centre frequencies from 8 to 1 000 Hz and a frequency-
weighted measure which covers the frequency range from 5,6
Intensive vibration can be transmitted to the hands and arms of
operators from vibrating tools, vibrating machinery or vibrating to 1 400 Hz.
workpieces. Such situations occur, for example, when a per-
son handles tools such as pneumatic, electric, hydraulic or
This International Standard, together with its annexes, pro-
percussive tools or grinders.
engine-driven chain saws, vides guidance for the evaluation of hand-transmitted vibration
Depending on the type and place of work, vibration can enter
specified in terms of a frequency-weighted vibration acceler-
one arm only or both arms simultaneously, and may be trans-
ation and daily exposure time. It does not define the limits of
mitted through the hand and arm to the shoulder. The vibration
safe exposure.
of body parts and the perceived vibration are frequently the
source of discomfort and possibly reduced proficiency. Con-
The guidance proposed in this International Standard is derived
tinued, habitual use of many vibrating tools has been found to
from a consensus of opinion based upon data available from
be connected with various patterns of diseases affecting the
both practical experience and laboratory experimentation con-
blood vessels, nerves, bones, joints, muscles or connective
cerning human response to hand-transmitted vibration. It can-
tissues of the hand and forearm.
not be taken to define completely safe exposure ranges in
which vibration diseases cannot occur.
The vibration exposures required to cause these disorders are
not known exactly, either with respect to vibration intensity
This International Standard does not specify the risk factor of
and frequency spectrum, or with respect to daily and cumu-
health impairment for different operational processes, tools and
lative exposure duration. In view of the complexity of the
machines.
problem and the shortage of quantitative data concerning the
occupational health effect of hand-transmitted vibration, it is
To facilitate further progress in this field and to allow the quan-
difficult to propose a comprehensive method for assessing
titative comparison of exposure data, uniform methods for
vibration exposure. However, based on the limited data
measuring and reporting exposure of human beings to hand-
available and on experience with current exposure conditions,
transmitted vibration are desirable. Additional standards are to
the information proposed in this International Standard
be considered for the vibration measurement of specific tools
together with its annexes represents the best guidance
and processes.
available to protect the majority of workers against serious
health impairment and to assist in the development of hand-
operated tools the use of which will reduce the risk of disorders
in man caused by vibrations.
2 References
The purpose of this International Standard is to further the
IS0 2631, Evaluation of human exposure to whole-body
gathering of consistent data in order to improve occupational
vibration.
safety. In particular, it is hoped that the data will serve to
extend the present knowledge on the dose-effect relationship.
IS0 5347, Methods for the calibration of vibration and shock
pick- ups. ’ )
1 Scope and field of application
IS0 5348, Mechanical vibration and shock - Mechanical
mounting of accelerometers. 1 )
This International Standard applies to periodic and to random
or non-periodic vibration. Provisionally, this International Stan-
IS0 5805, Mechanical vibration and shock affecting man -
dard may also be applied to repeated shock type excitation.
Vocabulary.
This International Standard specifies general methods for
IS0 0041, Human-response vibration measuring instrumen-
measuring and reporting hand-transmitted vibration exposure
tation. I)
in three orthogonal axes for the one-third octave bands, having
1) At present at the stage of draft.
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SIST ENV 25349:2000
IS0 53494986 (El
IEC Publication 184, Methods for specrfying the characteristics 3.2 Direction of vibration
of electro-mechanical transducers for shock and vibration
The directions of vibration transmitted to the hand should be
measurements.
reported in the appropriate directions of an orthogonal co-
ordinate system as suggested in figure 1.
IEC Publication 222, Methods for specifying the characteristics
of auxiliary equipment for shock and vibration measurement.
For vibration measurements, the orientation of the coordinate
system may be defined with reference to an appropriate
IEC Publication 225, Octave, half-octave and third-octave band
basicentric coordinate system [see figure la)] originating, for
filters in tended for the analysis of sounds and vibrations.
example, in a vibrating appliance, workpiece, handle or control
device gripped by the hand.
NOTE - Current methods of vibration assessment are based on the
3 Characterization of hand-transmitted
directional component with the largest weighted vibration acceleration.
vibration
In order to avoid a conflict between the terminology proposed
3.1 General considerations
here and that used generally in biodynamics to define human
whole-body vibration exposure (see IS0 26311, it is proposed
The severity of the biological effects of hand-transmitted
that the motions of the hand for the various directions of the
vibration in working conditions is influenced
bY
coordinate system be designated by the parenthetical word
“(hand)” or the subscript “h ”. (The acceleration of the hand in
a) the frequency spectrum of vibration;
the z direction would be designated oZ(hand) or a, h, and simi-
the magnitude of vibration;
b)
larly for directions x and y. Whole-body acceleration in the
longitudinal axis is designated by CI,, and similarly for directions
cl the duration of exposure per working day;
x and u.)
3.3 Magnitude of vibration
e) the cumulative exposure to date; 3.3.1 The primary quantity used to describe the magnitude of
the vibration shall be acceleration which should normally be ex-
f) the magnitude and directi on of forces applied by the
pressed in metres per second squared (m/s*). The magnitude
operator through h is hands to the tool or the workpiece;
of the vibration should be expressed as a root-mean-square
g) the posture of the hand, arm and body position duri (r.m.s.1 acceleration value. The acceleration may also be
w
shoulder joints) ; measured with a weighting network as defined in 3.4.5 and
exposure (angles of wrist, elbow and
table 1.
h) the type and condition of vibrating machinery, hand-
tool or workpiece
Acceleration measured in conjunction with frequency analysis
equipment (for example one-third octave band filters) should
i) the area and location of the parts of the hands which are
not be weighted.
exposed to vibration.
The weighting characteristics of the filter described in table 1
The severity of the biological effects of hand-transmitted
require that the attenuation of the filter be zero up to a fre-
vibration in working conditions may be influenced by
quency of 16 Hz and then increase at 6 dB/octave above that
frequency.
a) the direction of the vibration transmitted to the hand;
b) the method of working and the operator ’s skill; The data for these weighting characteristics are derived from
laboratory studies of human response to hand-transmitted
cl any predisposing factors in the individual ’s health.
vibration.
affect the circulation
The following factors may specifically
3.3.2 The magnitude of the vibration may also be expressed in
changes caused by hand-arm vibration :
terms of an acceleration level, in decibels (dB). This is defined as
a) climatic conditions ;
diseases which affect the circulation ;
b)
Lh
c) agents affecting the peripheral circulation, such as
where
smoking, certain medicines or chemicals in the working
environment; a is the r. m.s. acceleration, in metres per second squared ;
is the reference acceleration of 1 pm/s2.
d) noise.
a0
The acceleration level may also be measured with the weighting
Although the importance of all the factors listed with respect to
network described in 3.4.5 and table 1 and is called the
the generation of vibration disorders is not yet known in suf-
weighted acceleration level L h, w (see 4.4). Acceleration levels
ficient detail, reporting of all factors is considered desirable in
measured in conjunction with frequency analysis equipment
order to enable the collection of meaningful exposure histories.
(for example one-third octave band filters) should not be
It is also important to report the measurement procedure and
weighted.
the statistical techniques used to evaluate the vibration data.
2
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SIST ENV 25349:2000
IS0 5348-1986 E)
zh
, ‘J
xh
Biodynamic
coordinate system
h
Basicentric
-- ----
In this position, the hand adopts a standardized grip on a cylindrical bar of radius 2 cm.
coordinate system
a) “Handgrip” position
In this position, the hand presses down onto a sphere of radius IO cm.
b) “Flat palm” position
NOTE - The origin of the system is deemed to lie in the head of the third metacarpal and the z (hand)-axis to be defined by the longitudinal axis of that
bone.
The x-axis is perpendicular to the palm area, being positive in the direction of the back of the palm, when the hand is in the normal anatomical position
(palm facing forwards). The y-axis passes through the origin and is perpendicular to the x-axis.
When the hand is gripping a cylindrical handle, the system may be rotated so that the yh-axis is parallel to the axis of the handle.
Figure 1 - Coordinate system for the hand
3
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SIST ENV 25349:2000
IS0 5349-1986 (El
Table 1 - Frequency weighting filter for hand-arm
3.4.2 Measurement of r.m.s. value
vibration measurements
If the signal for analysis is of short duration, or its magnitude
[Weighting factors to be applied in accordance with
varies substantially with time, a simple analysis cannot be
equations (4) and (711
made.
Frequency Nominal gain
In order to obtain r.m.s. values under these circumstances, it is
Hz dB
necessary to use an integrating meter or analyser which is
0
6,3
equipped with “linear integration” facilities. It is recommended
0
8,O
that “linear integration” analysis be adopted as a preferred
10,o 0
method and only when the signal is relatively steady with time
12,5 0
or of sufficient duration can use be made of the type of analyser
16 0
normally used for noise analysis. In such circumstances, the
20 -2
time constant chosen should be appropriate for the signal
-4
25
duration.
31,5 -6
40 -8
3.4.3 Frequency range and transducer accuracy
50 -10
-12
63
The frequency range of measurement shall be at least 5 to
80 -14
1 500 Hz, that is sufficient to cover the octave bands with
-16
loo
centre frequencies from 8 to 1 000 Hz.
125 -18
160 -20
The vibration transducer shall be small and light enough for the
200 -22
specific application (see 3.4.4).
250 -24
315 -26
400 -28
Location and mounting of vibration transducers
3.4.4
500 -30
630 -32 The measurements in the three axes shall be made on the sur-
face of the hand(s) in the areas, or in clearly related areas,
800 -34
-36 where the energy enters the body. If the person ’s hand is in
1000
1 250 -38 direct contact with the vibrating surface of the hand grip, the
transducer should be fastened to the vibrating structure. If the
magnitude of vibration varies significantly over different parts
of the handle, then the maximum value at a point in contact
.
34 Measurement of hand-transmitted vibration
with the hand should be recorded. If a resilient element is being
used between the hand and the vibrating structure (for
3.4.1 Measuring equipment
example, a cushioned handle), it is permissible to use a suitable
mount for the transducer (for example, a thin, suitably shaped
Vibration-measuring equipment generally consists of a trans-
metal sheet) placed between the hand and the surface of the
ducer, an amplifying device and amplitude or level indicator or
resilient material. In any case, care shall be taken that the mass,
recorder. Where practicable and appropriate, electronic net-
size, shape and mounting of the transducer, or the special
works may be included to limit the frequency range of the
transducer support, do not significantly influence the transfer
equipment. For many applications, where it is not essential to
of vibration to the hand in the relevant frequency range.
rely solely upon on-the-spot determination, a suitable recorder
may be used to obtain representative records for subsequent
NOTES
analysis. An r.m.s.-measuring device may also be included for
convenience, so that r.m.s. values may be read off or recorded
1 Standards for the measurement of vibration of specific tools should
directly.
be used in conjunction with this International Standard. Specific stan-
dards may define more precise positions for mounting accelerometers
All vibration-measuring equipment should be correctly cali-
and locating the origin of coordinates on specific tools.
brated and, whenever appropriate, calibrated in accordance
For signals with very high peak accelerations, for example those ob-
2
with existing standards or recommendations governing the cali-
tained from percussive tools, special precautions should be taken to
bration of such equipment. The basis of operation and the
avoid errors which arise from overloading any part of the measurement
characteristics of any measuring equipment used should be
system. Correct choice of the transducer is essential in this case. The
reported, together with the results obtained. It is important to
transducer should be able to withstand the range of vibration
report such characteristics as the frequency response, the dy-
measured, offer good stability and be small in size. It should have a
namic properties (for example, the time constant, the dynamic
resonant frequency above 25 kHz and have a cross-axis sensitivity at
range and resolution of the equipment), and when appropriate, least 20 dB below the sensitivity in the axis to be measured. The pre-
ferred method of measurement involves inserting a mechanical low-
the precision of r.m.s.-rectifying, tape recording, frequency
pass filter with a suitably calibrated linear transfer function between the
analysis or similar operations performed upon the signal.
transducer and the vibrating surface. This will reduce peak values
caused by high frequency components of the signal, that is those com-
The dynamic range of the complete system should be as large
ponents above about 3 000 Hz.
as possible over the frequency range in question. It may be
necessary to attenuate signals above 2 000 Hz; this attenuation
3 In the case of a resilient element between the hand and the
should be made as near to the transducer as possible in the
vibrating structure, the proposed method is not satisfactory for all con-
vibration measureme
...
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