oSIST prEN 16186-6:2022

Railway applications - Driver's cab - Part 6: Integration of displays, controls and indicators for tram vehicles

This document is applicable to vehicles operating on tram networks.
This document gives design requirements and guidance in order to ensure visibility and operability of screens, controls and indicators in the cab in all operating conditions (day, night, natural or artificial lighting).
It covers four aspects:
-   the characteristics of the displays, controls and indicators in order to ensure proper visibility: i.e. range of luminance and contrast as well as the possibility of adjustment of perceived brightness;
-   the requirements for the location of the displays, keyboards, controls and indicators in the cab and on the driver’s desk: i.e. position, angle of visibility, etc. with consideration of the normal driving position and the working environment (windscreen, natural or artificial lighting in the cab, unwanted glare and reflections, etc.);
-   the characteristics and requirements for the location of microphones and loudspeakers;
-   design of symbols.
NOTE   All element numbers within the text refer to Table B.1.
This document does not apply to refurbishment of existing vehicles. This document is not intended to be applicable to driver's auxiliary desk, except for 5.3.10, Clauses 6, 8, 9 and Tables B.1, C.1.

Bahnanwendungen - Führerraum - Teil 6: Integration von Displays, Bedien- und Anzeigeelementen für Straßenbahnfahrzeuge

Dieses Dokument ist für Fahrzeuge anzuwenden, die in Straßenbahnnetzen eingesetzt werden.
Dieses Dokument enthält Konstruktionsanforderungen und Leitlinien, um die Sichtbarkeit und Bedienbarkeit von Bildschirmen, Bedien- und Anzeigeelementen im Fahrerraum unter allen Betriebsbedingungen (Tag, Nacht, natürlicher oder künstlicher Lichteinfall) sicherzustellen.
Es behandelt vier Schwerpunkte:
-   die Eigenschaften der Displays, Bedien- und Anzeigeelemente zur Sicherstellung angemessener Sichtbedingungen: d. h. Leuchtdichte- und Kontrastbereich sowie die Möglichkeit, die wahrgenommene Helligkeit zu regulieren;
-   die Anforderungen für den Einbauort der Displays, Tastaturen, Bedien- und Anzeigeelemente im Fahrerraum und auf dem Fahrerpult: d. h. Lage, Sichtwinkel usw. unter Berücksichtigung der normalen Sitzposition und der Arbeitsumgebung (Frontscheibe, natürlicher oder künstlicher Lichteinfall im Fahrerraum, unerwünschtes Blendlicht und Spiegelungen usw.);
-   die Eigenschaften und Anforderungen für den Einbauort der Mikrofone und Lautsprecher;
-   die Gestaltung von Symbolen.
ANMERKUNG   Alle Elementnummern im Text beziehen sich auf Tabelle B.1.
Dieses Dokument ist nicht bei einer Modernisierung bestehender Fahrzeuge anzuwenden. Dieses Dokument ist nicht für die Anwendung auf Hilfsfahrerpulte vorgesehen, mit Ausnahme von 5.3.10, Abschnitt 6, Abschnitt 8, Abschnitt 9 und Tabelle B.1 und Tabelle C.1.

Applications ferroviaires - Cabine de conduite - Partie 6 : Intégration des afficheurs, commandes et indicateurs pour tramways

Le présent document est applicable aux véhicules circulant sur les réseaux tramways.
Le présent document spécifie les exigences et les recommandations de conception permettant de garantir la visibilité et l'opérabilité des afficheurs, commandes et indicateurs dans la cabine dans toutes les conditions d'exploitation (jour, nuit, éclairage naturel ou artificiel).
Il couvre quatre aspects :
-   les caractéristiques des afficheurs, commandes et indicateurs pour garantir une visibilité correcte : c'est-à-dire la gamme de luminance et de contraste ainsi que la possibilité de réglage de la luminosité perçue ;
-   les exigences concernant les emplacements des afficheurs, claviers, commandes et indicateurs dans la cabine et sur le pupitre de conduite (c'est-à-dire la position, l'angle de visibilité, etc.), compte tenu de la position de conduite normale et de l'environnement de travail (vitre frontale, éclairage naturel ou artificiel dans la cabine, reflets indésirables, etc.) ;
-   les caractéristiques et exigences concernant les emplacements des microphones et des haut-parleurs ;
-   la conception des symboles.
NOTE   Tous les numéros d'éléments cités dans le texte font référence au Tableau B.1.
Le présent document ne s'applique pas à la rénovation de véhicules existants. Le présent document n'est pas destiné à s'appliquer au pupitre auxiliaire de conduite, à l'exception de 5.3.10, des Articles 6, 8 et 9, et des Tableaux B.1 et C.1.

Železniške naprave - Voznikova kabina - 6. del: Združevanje slikovnih zaslonov ter krmilnih in prikazovalnih elementov za tramvajska vozila

General Information

• Status: Not Published
• Public Enquiry End Date: 28-Feb-2022
• ICS: 45.060.10 - Tractive stock
• ICS: 45.140 - Metro, tram and light rail equipment
• Technical Committee: IŽNP - Reilway applications
• Current Stage: 4020 - Public enquire (PE) (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 23-Dec-2021
• Due Date: 12-May-2022
• Mandate: M/483 - Mandate for programming and standardisation addressed to the European standardisation bodies under directive 2008/57/EC in the field of the interoperability of the rail system within the European Union
• Mandate: M/486 - Mandate for programming and standardisation addressed to the European standardisation bodies in the field of urban rail
• Ref Project: prEN 16186-6 - Railway applications - Driver's cab - Part 6: Integration of displays, controls and indicators for tram vehicles

Standards Content (sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 16186-6:2022
01-februar-2022

Železniške naprave - Voznikova kabina - 6. del: Združevanje slikovnih zaslonov ter

krmilnih in prikazovalnih elementov za tramvajska vozila

Railway applications - Driver's cab - Part 6: Integration of displays, controls and

indicators for tram vehicles
Bahnanwendungen - Führerraum - Teil 6: Integration von Displays, Bedien- und
Anzeigeelementen für Straßenbahnfahrzeuge

Applications ferroviaires - Cabine de conduite - Partie 6 : Intégration des afficheurs,

commandes et indicateurs pour tramways
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 16186-6
ICS:
45.060.10 Vlečna vozila Tractive stock
45.140 Oprema za podzemne vlake, Metro, tram and light rail
tramvaje in lahka tirna vozila equipment
oSIST prEN 16186-6:2022 en,fr,de

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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oSIST prEN 16186-6:2022
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oSIST prEN 16186-6:2022
DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
prEN 16186-6
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
December 2021
ICS 45.060.10; 45.140
English Version
Railway applications - Driver's cab - Part 6: Integration of
displays, controls and indicators for tram vehicles

Applications ferroviaires - Cabine de conduite - Partie Bahnanwendungen - Führerraum - Teil 6: Integration

6 : Intégration des afficheurs, commandes et von Displays, Bedien- und Anzeigeelementen für

indicateurs pour tramways Straßenbahnfahrzeuge

This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee

CEN/TC 256.

If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations

which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.

This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other

language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC

Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,

Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,

Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and

United Kingdom.

Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are

aware and to provide supporting documentation.

Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without

notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels

© 2021 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 16186-6:2021 E

worldwide for CEN national Members.
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Contents Page

European foreword ....................................................................................................................................................... 4

Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................... 5

1 Scope .................................................................................................................................................................... 6

2 Normative references .................................................................................................................................... 6

3 Terms and definitions ................................................................................................................................... 7

4 Symbols and abbreviations ......................................................................................................................... 8

5 Driver's cab displays, controls and indicators for operational functions .................................. 9

5.1 General ................................................................................................................................................................ 9

5.2 Display for communication, monitoring and control ........................................................................ 9

5.3 Controls ............................................................................................................................................................... 9

5.3.1 Control for driver activity ............................................................................................................................ 9

5.3.2 Control for running direction selection .................................................................................................. 9

5.3.3 Controls for external lights .......................................................................................................................... 9

5.3.4 Controls for Intercom .................................................................................................................................... 9

5.3.5 Controls for external passengers access .............................................................................................. 10

5.3.6 Controls for obstacle detection and pedestrian protection .......................................................... 10

5.3.7 Controls for driver's cab temperature ................................................................................................. 10

5.3.8 Controls for passenger area temperature ........................................................................................... 10

5.3.9 Controls for coupling and uncoupling of vehicles ............................................................................ 10

5.3.10 Controls for auxiliary desk ....................................................................................................................... 10

5.3.11 Other controls ............................................................................................................................................... 11

5.4 Warnings ......................................................................................................................................................... 12

5.4.1 Alarm due to a safety system ................................................................................................................... 12

5.4.2 Alarm due to brake failure ....................................................................................................................... 12

5.4.3 Alarm due to emergency opening of one or more external doors .............................................. 12

5.4.4 Driver interface with fire extinguishing system ............................................................................... 12

6 Characteristics of displays, controls and indicators ....................................................................... 12

6.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 12

6.1.1 Design principles .......................................................................................................................................... 12

6.1.2 Resistance to damage from cleaning activity ..................................................................................... 12

6.1.3 Labelling .......................................................................................................................................................... 12

6.2 Characteristics of controls ........................................................................................................................ 13

6.2.1 General principles ........................................................................................................................................ 13

6.2.2 Design criteria ............................................................................................................................................... 13

6.3 Characteristics of indicators .................................................................................................................... 14

6.3.1 Readability ...................................................................................................................................................... 14

6.3.2 Warning design principles ........................................................................................................................ 14

6.3.3 Audibility of driving related acoustic signals .................................................................................... 14

6.3.4 Volume of the loudspeakers ..................................................................................................................... 15

7 Positioning of displays and controls ..................................................................................................... 15

7.1 General rules for arrangements ............................................................................................................. 15

7.1.1 Driver’s desk design .................................................................................................................................... 15

7.1.2 Human factors/ergonomic aspects........................................................................................................ 15

7.1.3 Device positioning principle .................................................................................................................... 15

7.1.4 Positioning of elements deviating from this document ................................................................. 16

7.2 Positioning of displays ............................................................................................................................... 16

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7.2.1 Display location and orientation ............................................................................................................ 16

7.2.2 Preferred fields of vision ........................................................................................................................... 16

7.2.3 Positioning ATP signalling information ............................................................................................... 17

7.2.4 Integration of legacy ATP systems.......................................................................................................... 17

7.3 Positioning of controls ................................................................................................................................ 17

7.3.1 Reachability of controls on the driver’s desk ..................................................................................... 17

7.3.2 Grouping of controls .................................................................................................................................... 17

7.3.3 Allocation to hands ...................................................................................................................................... 18

7.3.4 Accessibility .................................................................................................................................................... 18

7.3.5 Synchronous operation of elements ...................................................................................................... 18

7.3.6 Risk of inadvertent activation .................................................................................................................. 18

7.3.7 Position of specific controls ...................................................................................................................... 18

7.3.8 Controls used while driving, but not located on the driver’s desk ............................................. 19

7.3.9 Controls only operated during standstill ............................................................................................. 19

8 Lighting of cab, displays, controls and indicators ............................................................................. 20

8.1 Cab lighting ..................................................................................................................................................... 20

8.2 Instruments' lighting ................................................................................................................................... 20

8.3 Prevent disturbing the driver .................................................................................................................. 20

9 Symbol and text definition ........................................................................................................................ 20

9.1 Symbol appearance ...................................................................................................................................... 20

9.2 Harmonized symbols ................................................................................................................................... 20

9.2.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 20

9.2.2 Combinations of colours ............................................................................................................................ 20

9.2.3 Style of symbols ............................................................................................................................................. 21

9.2.4 Location with respect to controls ........................................................................................................... 21

9.2.5 Field for symbols ........................................................................................................................................... 21

9.2.6 New symbols ................................................................................................................................................... 21

9.3 Character type ................................................................................................................................................ 21

Annex A (normative) Reach envelopes and fields of vision on the desk ................................................. 22

Annex B (informative) Operating elements and integration at the driver's desk ................................ 24

Bibliography ................................................................................................................................................................. 39

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European foreword

This document (prEN 16186-6:2021) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 256 “Railway

Applications”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.

EN 16186, Railway applications — Driver's cab is written as an EN series on all the aspects to be

considered when designing a driver's cab, from anthropometric data and visibility, over the integration

of displays, controls and indicators as well as the design of displays to cab layout and access facilities. The

background information on the anthropometric data used is provided in CEN/TR 16823 [2].

EN 16186, Railway applications — Driver’s cab currently consists of the following parts:

— Part 1: Anthropometric data and visibility;
— Part 2: Integration of displays, controls and indicators;
— Part 3: Design of displays for heavy rail vehicles;
— Part 4: Layout and access;
— Part 5: External visibility for tram vehicles;
— Part 6: Integration of displays, controls and indicators for tram vehicles;
— Part 7: Design of displays for tram vehicles ;
— Part 8: Layout and access for tram vehicles.
1 )
To be published.
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Introduction

This document addresses the operating and perception requirements of controls and displays elements

in tram vehicles driver cabs. It provides current cab design principles.
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1 Scope
This document is applicable to vehicles operating on tram networks.

This document gives design requirements and guidance in order to ensure visibility and operability of

screens, controls and indicators in the cab in all operating conditions (day, night, natural or artificial

lighting).
It covers four aspects:

— the characteristics of the displays, controls and indicators in order to ensure proper visibility: i.e.

range of luminance and contrast as well as the possibility of adjustment of perceived brightness;

— the requirements for the location of the displays, keyboards, controls and indicators in the cab and

on the driver’s desk: i.e. position, angle of visibility, etc. with consideration of the normal driving

position and the working environment (windscreen, natural or artificial lighting in the cab, unwanted

glare and reflections, etc.);

— the characteristics and requirements for the location of microphones and loudspeakers;

— design of symbols.
NOTE All element numbers within the text refer to Table B.1.

This document does not apply to refurbishment of existing vehicles. This document is not intended to be

applicable to driver's auxiliary desk, except for 5.3.10, Clauses 6, 8, 9 and Tables B.1, C.1.

2 Normative references

The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content

constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For

undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

EN 894-2, Safety of machinery — Ergonomics requirements for the design of displays and control actuators

— Part 2: Displays

EN 13272-2, Railway applications — Electrical lighting for rolling stock in public transport systems — Part

2 — Urban rail

EN 15227, Railway applications — Crashworthiness requirements for railway vehicle bodies

FprEN 16168-5:2021, Railway applications — Driver's cab — Part 5: External visibility for tram vehicles

prEN 16168-8:2019, Railway applications — Driver's cab — Part 8: Layout and access for tram vehicles

ISO 3381, Railway applications — Acoustics — Measurement of noise inside railbound vehicles

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3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in FprEN 16186-5:2021, prEN 16186-

8:2019 and the following apply.
3.1
alarm

audible and/or visual warning requiring immediate action, with a defined priority

3.2
cab lighting
lighting that illuminates the whole driver’s cab to provide safe operation
3.3
contrast

perception of a difference visually between one surface or element of a building/rail vehicle and another

be reference to their light reflectance values according to BS 8300:2009
[SOURCE: EN 16584-1:2017]
3.4
control
device used to interact with the vehicle
3.5
display
hardware device or system that shows text and/or graphic information to the user
3.6
driver multifunctional interface
DMI
hardware including at least a display and an input device (e.g. keyboard)
3.7
emergency braking

application of a pre-defined brake force that, whilst taking into consideration the usable brake equipment

types, achieves the specified emergency braking performance and level of safety

Note 1 to entry: The braking performance and safety level of the emergency braking are typically equal to or

superior to that of the maximum service brake, assuming the demanded wheel-rail adhesion, etc. is available, and

is described in vehicle specific EN standards.
[SOURCE: EN 14478:2017]
3.8
indicator
element designed to indicate the system status
3.9
instrument lighting
lighting that illuminates specific gauges to make there scales visible
3.10
operation aided system display

display that allows the driver to enter operational related information and to get real time information

(train number, route information, driver ID, track status, electronic timetable, messages, …)

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3.11
position-dependent control

control which command is proportional to the position of the operating part of the device within a defined

range
3.12
RAL xxxx

colour codification from the German Institute for Quality Assurance and Certification, former Reichs-

Ausschuss für Lieferbedingungen
Note 1 to entry: RAL 3020 is the coding for traffic red.
3.13
safety braking

braking intended to achieve a higher level of system integrity than that achieved when service and

emergency braking

Note 1 to entry: The safety braking performance can be lower than achieved when full service braking or

emergency braking.

[SOURCE: EN 14478:2017, modified: “specific to mass-transit brake systems” deleted]

3.14
warning

visual and/or audible indication triggered by an event of which the recipient needs to be aware and which

may not require immediate action
4 Symbols and abbreviations

For the purposes of this document, the following symbols and abbreviations apply.

ATP Automatic Train Protection
BP Brake Pipe
CCTV Closed Circuit Television
DAC Driver Activity Control
DMI Driver Multifunctional Interface
ep electro-pneumatic
HVAC Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning
OCC Operations Control Centre
OASD Operation Aided System Display
PACM Pedestrian Anti-Crush Mechanism
PAS Passenger Alarm System
PEMD Passenger Exchange Monitoring Display
PIS Passenger Information System

RAL “Reichs-Ausschuss für Lieferbedingungen” (German Institute for Quality Assurance and

Certification)
RVD Rear-View Display
SRP Seat reference Point
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TCMS Train Control and Monitoring System
TDD Technical and Diagnostic Display
5 Driver's cab displays, controls and indicators for operational functions
5.1 General
The elements and symbols used for operation are shown in Annex B.

In the following text, two-digit numbers refer to Table B.1 that lists all the elements.

Controls and displays shall not impede visibility, as defined in FprEN 16186-5.
5.2 Display for communication, monitoring and control

Vehicle monitoring and vehicle control shall be provided, as a minimum, by 01 - Technical and Diagnostic

Display (TDD) and 05 – Speedometer. Additional displays can be provided, for example:

— 02 - Passenger exchange monitoring display (PEMD);
— 03 - Rear view display (RVD);
— 04 - Operation aided system display (OASD)
5.3 Controls
5.3.1 Control for driver activity

There shall be at least one 17 - Driver’s activity control element for the DAC function.

NOTE DAC is also called “Deadman”.
5.3.2 Control for running direction selection

There shall be a control for the selection of direction of running: 18 - Direction of running

(forwards/backwards).
The direction selected shall be indicated.
5.3.3 Controls for external lights

Controls for the 36 - Dipped lights - main beam lights switching (head), 38 - External lights (head, tail),

39 - Hazard warning lights and 40 - Direction indicators shall control all external lights of the vehicle.

Activated external lights shall be indicated.
If a fog lamp is available, a 33 – Fog lamp control shall be provided.
5.3.4 Controls for Intercom

The driver’s cab shall have a communication device in accordance with FprEN 17355:

— 038/030 - A device (e.g. microphone) to support the communication function;
— 038/030 – A device for acknowledging the request for communication;
— 038/030 - A control to cancel the communication link to the operated device.

These devices can be integrated or combined with other devices or functionalities.

Activated devices for communication shall be indicated.
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5.3.5 Controls for external passengers access

The driver shall be able to select door side selection and release with 41 - Door side selection and release

and to cancel door release with 42 – Door release cancellation. The following functions should also be

provided:
— 43 - Opening of the passenger door nearest to the cab;
— 44 – Open/close door centrally;
— 45 - Forced closing of doors;
— 02 - Passenger exchange monitoring display.

NOTE For vehicles with doors on one side, the door side selection function is not needed.

Open doors shall be indicated.

Depending on operational requirements, door side selection and door release may be combined.

5.3.6 Controls for obstacle detection and pedestrian protection
Depending on the technical solution, the following controls shall be provided:
— 30 – Obstacle detection control;
— 31 – PACM (pedestrian anti-crush mechanism) control for resetting;
— 32 – PACM (pedestrian anti-crush mechanism) activated.
5.3.7 Controls for driver's cab temperature

There shall be a device for regulating the temperature: 25 - Driver's cab heating and ventilation. This

should be compliant with EN 14813 series.
5.3.8 Controls for passenger area temperature

There shall be a device for regulating the temperature: 26 - Passenger area heating and ventilation. This

should be compliant with EN 14750 series.
5.3.9 Controls for coupling and uncoupling of vehicles

If the vehicle is equipped with an automatic coupler, the cab shall have a 57- Coupler control to manage

the coupling function.
Coupled vehicles shall be indicated.
5.3.10 Controls for auxiliary desk

If auxiliary desks are provided, they shall include at least the following operating elements:

— 06 – Switch/point control;
— 08 – Warning horn
— 09 – Warning bell;
— 13 - Safety braking control;

— 17 - Driver activity control (DAC) (can be integrated in the traction/brake controller);

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— 18 - Direction of running (forwards/backwards);
— 38 – External light control;
— 39 - Hazard warning lights;
— 40 – Direction indicator (turn indicator) control;
— 43 – Open/release the passenger door nearest the cab;
— 53 - Inter-cab ringer and voice communication activation command;

— 54 – Combined traction/brake controller with minimum functionality (T+, T, T-, emergency braking)

or (T+, T, 0, emergency braking) or (T, 0, B, emergency braking);

NOTE T+ means increasing traction set point; T means constant traction set point, T- means decreasing traction

set point. 0 means ramp down of any set point. B - means decreasing brake set point. B means constant brake set

point, B+ means increasing brake set point.
— 55 - Activation of the auxiliary driver desk;
— 56 – Speed limit control (can be integrated into another control);
— 57 - Coupler control (if a coupler is provided).

If auxiliary desk is used with passengers on board, the following door controls shall be added:

— 41 – Door side selection and release
— 42 – Door release cancellation;
— 44 – Open/close doors centrally;
— 45 – Forced closing of doors.
As an option, auxiliary desk may include:
— 05 – Speedometer;
— 49 – Microphone activation for announcements.
5.3.11 Other controls
Other controls shall be provided:
— 10 – Release of continuously applied brake;
— 21 – Mirror retracting (if retractable mirror is provided);
— 22 – Mirror adjustment (if external mirror is provided);
— 23 – Windscreen wiping/washing control;
— 24 – Window de-icing;
— 34 – Lighting in passenger area (if not automatic);
— 46 – General alarm acknowledgement;
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— 47 – Passenger alarm device acknowledgement/reset;
— 49 – Microphone activation for announcements;

— 50 – Passenger communication device for communication following passenger request;

— 51 – Activation of OCC voice communication.
Other controls can be provided:
— 07 – Traffic light command;
— 20 – Sun-visor control;
— 53 – Inter-cab ringer and voice communication activation command.
5.4 Warnings
5.4.1 Alarm due to a safety system

An audible and/or visual alarm to prevent imminent intervention by a safety system shall be provided.

If a visual alarm is provided, it shall be located in the optimum field of view. See Figure A.2.

5.4.2 Alarm due to brake failure
A visual alarm shall indicate a brake failure.
5.4.3 Alarm due to emergency opening of one or more external doors

Audible and visual alarms shall indicate to the driver an emergency opening of one or more passenger

doors. It should be possible to acknowledge
...