SIST ISO 12620-1:2023
(Main)Management of terminology resources -- Data categories - Part 1: Specifications
Management of terminology resources -- Data categories - Part 1: Specifications
This document provides requirements and recommendations governing data category specifications for language resources. It specifies mechanisms for creating, documenting, harmonizing and maintaining data category specifications in a data category repository (DCR). It also describes the structure and content of data category specifications.
Gestion des ressources terminologiques -- Catégories de données - Partie 1: Spécifications
Upravljanje terminoloških virov - Podatkovne kategorije - 1. del: Specifikacije
Ta dokument vsebuje zahteve in priporočila, ki urejajo specifikacije podatkovnih kategorij za jezikovne vire. Določa mehanizme za ustvarjanje, dokumentiranje, uskladitev in vzdrževanje specifikacij podatkovnih kategorij v zbirki podatkovnih kategorij (DCR). Opisuje tudi strukturo in vsebino specifikacij za podatkovne kategorije.
General Information
Relations
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST ISO 12620-1:2023
01-januar-2023
Nadomešča:
SIST ISO 12620:2019
Upravljanje terminoloških virov - Podatkovne kategorije - 1. del: Specifikacije
Management of terminology resources -- Data categories - Part 1: Specifications
Gestion des ressources terminologiques -- Catégories de données - Partie 1:
Spécifications
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ISO 12620-1:2022
ICS:
01.020 Terminologija (načela in Terminology (principles and
koordinacija) coordination)
35.240.30 Uporabniške rešitve IT v IT applications in information,
informatiki, dokumentiranju in documentation and
založništvu publishing
SIST ISO 12620-1:2023 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST ISO 12620-1:2023
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SIST ISO 12620-1:2023
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 12620-1
First edition
2022-07
Management of terminology
resources — Data categories —
Part 1:
Specifications
Gestion des ressources terminologiques — Catégories de données —
Partie 1: Spécifications
Reference number
ISO 12620-1:2022(E)
© ISO 2022
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
SIST ISO 12620-1:2023
ISO 12620-1:2022(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2022
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
SIST ISO 12620-1:2023
ISO 12620-1:2022(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Data categories and data category specifications. 4
5 General recommendations for data category specifications . 4
6 Detailed requirements for documenting a data category in a DCR .5
6.1 Identifiers and names . 5
6.1.1 A unique and stable mnemonic identifier . 5
6.1.2 A persistent identifier (PID) . 5
6.1.3 A unique canonical data category name . 5
6.1.4 Language-specific data category names . 5
6.2 Conceptual domains, data category selections and data category types . 6
6.3 Data elementarity . 6
6.4 Profiles . 6
7 Referencing data categories . 7
8 Harmonizing and vetting data categories . 7
9 Management . 8
Annex A (informative) Structure of a data category specification . 9
Bibliography .12
iii
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
SIST ISO 12620-1:2023
ISO 12620-1:2022(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 37, Language and terminology,
Subcommittee SC 3, Management of terminology resources.
This first edition of ISO 12620-1, together with ISO 12620-2:2022, cancels and replaces ISO 12620:2019,
which has been divided into parts and technically revised. The main changes are as follows:
— ISO 12620:2019 described procedures for defining data categories used in language resources and
described requirements for maintaining a pragmatic, consensus-based repository of harmonized
data category specifications for use in language resources. This document has been narrowed to
focus on the structure and rationale associated with data category specifications per se.
— The sections of ISO 12620:2019 that dealt with the creation and maintenance of data category
repositories have been moved to ISO 12620-2.
A list of all parts in the ISO 12620 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
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SIST ISO 12620-1:2023
ISO 12620-1:2022(E)
Introduction
Data associated with language resources are identified, collected, managed and stored in a wide
variety of environments. Data appearing in language resources are generalized into classes that are
referred to as “data categories”. Differences in approach for developing different kinds of language
resources as well as differences in technical environments inevitably lead to variations in data category
definitions and data category names. The use of uniform data category names and definitions employed
in resources within the same linguistic domain (e.g. among terminology resources, lexical resources,
annotated text corpora) contributes to system coherence and enhances the re-usability of data. Such
uniform use requires access to formal data category specifications. Defining a clear framework for
specifying, managing and using data categories will increase interoperability of language resources.
The intended audience of this document is researchers and practitioners in fields of language resource
management who use data categories and data category specifications.
v
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
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SIST ISO 12620-1:2023
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SIST ISO 12620-1:2023
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 12620-1:2022(E)
Management of terminology resources — Data
categories —
Part 1:
Specifications
1 Scope
This document provides requirements and recommendations governing data category specifications for
language resources. It specifies mechanisms for creating, documenting, harmonizing and maintaining
data category specifications in a data category repository (DCR). It also describes the structure and
content of data category specifications.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 12620-2, Management of terminology resources — Data categories — Part 2: Repositories
ISO 24619, Language resource management — Persistent identification and sustainable access (PISA)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
conceptual domain
permissible content of a data category (3.2)
EXAMPLE In a terminology database, the data category /part of speech/ can have a conceptual domain
consisting of the values /noun/, /verb/, /adjective/, /adverb/.
Note 1 to entry: The permissible content can be closed, as in the example, or subject to formal restrictions such
as dates, or free text such as the conceptual domain of /definition/. Although the latter type is not formally
restricted, it is nevertheless subject to adherence to the requirements of its data category specification, i.e. it
contains a true definition and not a note, example, or some other piece of information.
3.1.1
open conceptual domain
conceptual domain (3.1) that has no formal restrictions
Note 1 to entry: An open conceptual domain is frequently associated with data categories that take free text as
their content, such as /definition/ or /context/.
Note 2 to entry: Some requirements are not always machine-processable, for instance, to require that /definition/
only contain definitional information, or that a /context/ meet certain specified requirements.
1
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
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SIST ISO 12620-1:2023
ISO 12620-1:2022(E)
3.1.2
closed conceptual domain
conceptual domain (3.1) that is restricted to a set of enumerated values
EXAMPLE In a specific terminology database, the data category /grammatical gender/ can, for instance,
have the values /feminine/, /masculine/ and /neuter/.
3.1.3
constrained conceptual domain
conceptual domain (3.1) that is restricted to a constraint or rule specified in a schema-specific language
EXAMPLE The data category /date/ can be constrained by a system setting to certain date formats, or a
data category can be subject to a termbase-specific rule, such as making it mandatory to enter a /source/ for a
/definition/.
3.1.4
simple conceptual domain
conceptual domain (3.1) that has only binary values
Note 1 to entry: Each declared picklist value (3.10) can be implemented as a simple data category (3.2.4) with a
simple conceptual domain.
Note 2 to entry: The two values can be “yes” or “no”, “true” or “false”, or other such binary representation.
3.2
data category
DC
class of data items that are closely related from a formal or semantic point of view
EXAMPLE /part of speech/, /subject field/, /definition/.
Note 1 to entry: A data category can be viewed as a generalization of the notion of a field in a database.
Note 2 to entry: In running text, such as in this document, data category names (3.4) are enclosed in forward
slashes (e.g. /part of speech/).
[SOURCE: ISO 30042:2019, 3.8, modified — The admitted term “DC” has been added.]
3.2.1
open data category
data category (3.2) that has an open conceptual domain (3.1.1)
3.2.2
closed data category
data category (3.2) that has a closed conceptual domain (3.1.2)
3.2.3
constrained data category
data category (3.2) that has a constrained conceptual domain (3.1.3)
3.2.4
simple data category
data category (3.2) that has a simple conceptual domain (3.1.4)
Note 1 to entry: See also picklist value (3.10).
3.3
data category concept
semantic content of a data category (3.2), independent of any specific implementations
2
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SIST ISO 12620-1:2023
ISO 12620-1:2022(E)
3.4
data category name
linguistic representation of a data category (3.2) as it appears in a particular language, in a particular
application or in a language resource
EXAMPLE The data category name for /part of speech/ is “part of speech” in English and “partie du discours”
in French.
3.5
data category specification
DC specification
complete descriptive record of a data category (3.2)
3.6
data category repository
DCR
digital collection of data category specifications (3.5)
EXAMPLE DatCatInfo, a DCR for language resources (see Reference [4]).
Note 1 to entry: Data category repositories are used as references when specifying language resources.
3.7
data category selection
DC selection
DCS
set of data category specifications (3.5) chosen from a data category repository (3.6)
Note 1 to entry: A data category selection can represent the data categories (3.2) used within a research discipline
or a specific application or project.
3.8
harmonization
analysis and resolution of minor discrepancies between or among multiple data
category specifications (3.5) treating the same data category concept (3.3)
Note 1 to entry: The aim of harmonization can be to merge duplicate or quasi-duplicate specifications into a
single entry.
3.9
persistent identifier
PID
unique uniform resource identifier (URI) that provides permanent access to a digital object
independently of its physical location or current ownership
EXAMPLE https://datcatinfo.termweb.eu/datcat/DC70
[SOURCE: ISO 24619:2011, 3.2.4, modified — The order of terms has been inverted, “uniform resource
identifier (URI) that provides permanent access to a digital object” has replaced “identifier that ensures
permanent access for a digital object by providing access to it” in the definition, the note to entry has
been deleted and the example has been added.]
3.10
picklist value
one of the enumerated or permissible values of a closed data category (3.2.2)
EXAMPLE /singular/ and /plural/ as picklist values of the closed data category /grammatical number/.
Note 1 to entry: Due to data modelling variance, most types of information that can be represented as picklist
values in a database can also be represented as simple data categories (3.2.4). For instance, /plural/ can be
implemented as a checkbox, which, when checked, takes the value “yes” and when unchecked, takes the value
“no”.
3
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
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SIST ISO 12620-1:2023
ISO 12620-1:2022(E)
4 Data categories and data category specifications
A data category (DC) is a class of information that forms part of a data collection or annotation scheme
for a given language resource. For instance, /definition/ and /part of speech/ are common data
categories in terminology resources and lexical resources. Data category names can appear as the
name of a field in the user interface of a software application or as a markup element in an annotated
resource.
Some data categories are pertinent to a specific application, research discipline or type of resource and
not others. For instance, /concept identifier/ is characteristic of terminology resources or ontological
resources, whereas /sense number/ is applicable to lexical resources. On the other hand, many data
categories, frequently those of a strictly linguistic nature such as /part of speech/, /grammatical gender/
and /grammatical number/, are common to a wide variety of resources. These data categories are not
always implemented in the same way in different resources or applications, but each nevertheless
evokes one universal data category concept. For instance, for terminology management, only a small
set of values are needed for /part of speech/ (e.g. noun, verb, adjective, adverb), but in lexical resources,
additional values are required (e.g. preposition, pronoun).
A data category specification (DC specification) provides the complete and formal representation of
a data category (e.g. its name, definition, examples, comments). Data category specifications can be
referenced by the language resources that use them, for instance through the use of PIDs that directly
resolve to the data category specification from within that resource.
5 General recommendations for data category specifications
This clause states the recommendations that data category specifications should fulfil in order to
support the effective use of data categories for language resources.
A data category specification should:
— be available online;
— provide a unique mnemonic identifier of the data category;
— document the various acceptable names of the data category, in different languages and for various
applications where desired;
— provide a clear definition of the data category concept, in different lang
...
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 12620-1
First edition
2022-07
Management of terminology
resources — Data categories —
Part 1:
Specifications
Gestion des ressources terminologiques — Catégories de données —
Partie 1: Spécifications
Reference number
ISO 12620-1:2022(E)
© ISO 2022
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO 12620-1:2022(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2022
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO 12620-1:2022(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Data categories and data category specifications. 4
5 General recommendations for data category specifications . 4
6 Detailed requirements for documenting a data category in a DCR .5
6.1 Identifiers and names . 5
6.1.1 A unique and stable mnemonic identifier . 5
6.1.2 A persistent identifier (PID) . 5
6.1.3 A unique canonical data category name . 5
6.1.4 Language-specific data category names . 5
6.2 Conceptual domains, data category selections and data category types . 6
6.3 Data elementarity . 6
6.4 Profiles . 6
7 Referencing data categories . 7
8 Harmonizing and vetting data categories . 7
9 Management . 8
Annex A (informative) Structure of a data category specification . 9
Bibliography .12
iii
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
ISO 12620-1:2022(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 37, Language and terminology,
Subcommittee SC 3, Management of terminology resources.
This first edition of ISO 12620-1, together with ISO 12620-2:2022, cancels and replaces ISO 12620:2019,
which has been divided into parts and technically revised. The main changes are as follows:
— ISO 12620:2019 described procedures for defining data categories used in language resources and
described requirements for maintaining a pragmatic, consensus-based repository of harmonized
data category specifications for use in language resources. This document has been narrowed to
focus on the structure and rationale associated with data category specifications per se.
— The sections of ISO 12620:2019 that dealt with the creation and maintenance of data category
repositories have been moved to ISO 12620-2.
A list of all parts in the ISO 12620 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
ISO 12620-1:2022(E)
Introduction
Data associated with language resources are identified, collected, managed and stored in a wide
variety of environments. Data appearing in language resources are generalized into classes that are
referred to as “data categories”. Differences in approach for developing different kinds of language
resources as well as differences in technical environments inevitably lead to variations in data category
definitions and data category names. The use of uniform data category names and definitions employed
in resources within the same linguistic domain (e.g. among terminology resources, lexical resources,
annotated text corpora) contributes to system coherence and enhances the re-usability of data. Such
uniform use requires access to formal data category specifications. Defining a clear framework for
specifying, managing and using data categories will increase interoperability of language resources.
The intended audience of this document is researchers and practitioners in fields of language resource
management who use data categories and data category specifications.
v
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 12620-1:2022(E)
Management of terminology resources — Data
categories —
Part 1:
Specifications
1 Scope
This document provides requirements and recommendations governing data category specifications for
language resources. It specifies mechanisms for creating, documenting, harmonizing and maintaining
data category specifications in a data category repository (DCR). It also describes the structure and
content of data category specifications.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 12620-2, Management of terminology resources — Data categories — Part 2: Repositories
ISO 24619, Language resource management — Persistent identification and sustainable access (PISA)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
conceptual domain
permissible content of a data category (3.2)
EXAMPLE In a terminology database, the data category /part of speech/ can have a conceptual domain
consisting of the values /noun/, /verb/, /adjective/, /adverb/.
Note 1 to entry: The permissible content can be closed, as in the example, or subject to formal restrictions such
as dates, or free text such as the conceptual domain of /definition/. Although the latter type is not formally
restricted, it is nevertheless subject to adherence to the requirements of its data category specification, i.e. it
contains a true definition and not a note, example, or some other piece of information.
3.1.1
open conceptual domain
conceptual domain (3.1) that has no formal restrictions
Note 1 to entry: An open conceptual domain is frequently associated with data categories that take free text as
their content, such as /definition/ or /context/.
Note 2 to entry: Some requirements are not always machine-processable, for instance, to require that /definition/
only contain definitional information, or that a /context/ meet certain specified requirements.
1
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
ISO 12620-1:2022(E)
3.1.2
closed conceptual domain
conceptual domain (3.1) that is restricted to a set of enumerated values
EXAMPLE In a specific terminology database, the data category /grammatical gender/ can, for instance,
have the values /feminine/, /masculine/ and /neuter/.
3.1.3
constrained conceptual domain
conceptual domain (3.1) that is restricted to a constraint or rule specified in a schema-specific language
EXAMPLE The data category /date/ can be constrained by a system setting to certain date formats, or a
data category can be subject to a termbase-specific rule, such as making it mandatory to enter a /source/ for a
/definition/.
3.1.4
simple conceptual domain
conceptual domain (3.1) that has only binary values
Note 1 to entry: Each declared picklist value (3.10) can be implemented as a simple data category (3.2.4) with a
simple conceptual domain.
Note 2 to entry: The two values can be “yes” or “no”, “true” or “false”, or other such binary representation.
3.2
data category
DC
class of data items that are closely related from a formal or semantic point of view
EXAMPLE /part of speech/, /subject field/, /definition/.
Note 1 to entry: A data category can be viewed as a generalization of the notion of a field in a database.
Note 2 to entry: In running text, such as in this document, data category names (3.4) are enclosed in forward
slashes (e.g. /part of speech/).
[SOURCE: ISO 30042:2019, 3.8, modified — The admitted term “DC” has been added.]
3.2.1
open data category
data category (3.2) that has an open conceptual domain (3.1.1)
3.2.2
closed data category
data category (3.2) that has a closed conceptual domain (3.1.2)
3.2.3
constrained data category
data category (3.2) that has a constrained conceptual domain (3.1.3)
3.2.4
simple data category
data category (3.2) that has a simple conceptual domain (3.1.4)
Note 1 to entry: See also picklist value (3.10).
3.3
data category concept
semantic content of a data category (3.2), independent of any specific implementations
2
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
ISO 12620-1:2022(E)
3.4
data category name
linguistic representation of a data category (3.2) as it appears in a particular language, in a particular
application or in a language resource
EXAMPLE The data category name for /part of speech/ is “part of speech” in English and “partie du discours”
in French.
3.5
data category specification
DC specification
complete descriptive record of a data category (3.2)
3.6
data category repository
DCR
digital collection of data category specifications (3.5)
EXAMPLE DatCatInfo, a DCR for language resources (see Reference [4]).
Note 1 to entry: Data category repositories are used as references when specifying language resources.
3.7
data category selection
DC selection
DCS
set of data category specifications (3.5) chosen from a data category repository (3.6)
Note 1 to entry: A data category selection can represent the data categories (3.2) used within a research discipline
or a specific application or project.
3.8
harmonization
analysis and resolution of minor discrepancies between or among multiple data
category specifications (3.5) treating the same data category concept (3.3)
Note 1 to entry: The aim of harmonization can be to merge duplicate or quasi-duplicate specifications into a
single entry.
3.9
persistent identifier
PID
unique uniform resource identifier (URI) that provides permanent access to a digital object
independently of its physical location or current ownership
EXAMPLE https://datcatinfo.termweb.eu/datcat/DC70
[SOURCE: ISO 24619:2011, 3.2.4, modified — The order of terms has been inverted, “uniform resource
identifier (URI) that provides permanent access to a digital object” has replaced “identifier that ensures
permanent access for a digital object by providing access to it” in the definition, the note to entry has
been deleted and the example has been added.]
3.10
picklist value
one of the enumerated or permissible values of a closed data category (3.2.2)
EXAMPLE /singular/ and /plural/ as picklist values of the closed data category /grammatical number/.
Note 1 to entry: Due to data modelling variance, most types of information that can be represented as picklist
values in a database can also be represented as simple data categories (3.2.4). For instance, /plural/ can be
implemented as a checkbox, which, when checked, takes the value “yes” and when unchecked, takes the value
“no”.
3
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
ISO 12620-1:2022(E)
4 Data categories and data category specifications
A data category (DC) is a class of information that forms part of a data collection or annotation scheme
for a given language resource. For instance, /definition/ and /part of speech/ are common data
categories in terminology resources and lexical resources. Data category names can appear as the
name of a field in the user interface of a software application or as a markup element in an annotated
resource.
Some data categories are pertinent to a specific application, research discipline or type of resource and
not others. For instance, /concept identifier/ is characteristic of terminology resources or ontological
resources, whereas /sense number/ is applicable to lexical resources. On the other hand, many data
categories, frequently those of a strictly linguistic nature such as /part of speech/, /grammatical gender/
and /grammatical number/, are common to a wide variety of resources. These data categories are not
always implemented in the same way in different resources or applications, but each nevertheless
evokes one universal data category concept. For instance, for terminology management, only a small
set of values are needed for /part of speech/ (e.g. noun, verb, adjective, adverb), but in lexical resources,
additional values are required (e.g. preposition, pronoun).
A data category specification (DC specification) provides the complete and formal representation of
a data category (e.g. its name, definition, examples, comments). Data category specifications can be
referenced by the language resources that use them, for instance through the use of PIDs that directly
resolve to the data category specification from within that resource.
5 General recommendations for data category specifications
This clause states the recommendations that data category specifications should fulfil in order to
support the effective use of data categories for language resources.
A data category specification should:
— be available online;
— provide a unique mnemonic identifier of the data category;
— document the various acceptable names of the data category, in different languages and for various
applications where desired;
— provide a clear definition of the data category concept, in different languages where desired;
— indicate the content model of the data category, i.e. the types of information that the data category
allows when implemented;
EXAMPLE The data category /grammatical gender/ can be configured to a limited set of values such as
/masculine/ and /feminine/, whereas the data category /definition/ allows free text.
— describe how the data category is implemented and used in:
— specific projects or initiatives;
— specific types of language resources;
— specific languages or linguistic or cultural contexts;
— specific sub-domains of language resources where
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST ISO/DIS 12620-1:2021
01-december-2021
Upravljanje terminoloških virov - Podatkovne kategorije - 1. del: Specifikacije
Management of terminology resources -- Data categories - Part 1: Specifications
Gestion des ressources terminologiques -- Catégories de données - Partie 1:
Spécifications
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ISO/DIS 12620-1
ICS:
01.020 Terminologija (načela in Terminology (principles and
koordinacija) coordination)
35.240.30 Uporabniške rešitve IT v IT applications in information,
informatiki, dokumentiranju in documentation and
založništvu publishing
oSIST ISO/DIS 12620-1:2021 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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oSIST ISO/DIS 12620-1:2021
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/DIS 12620-1
ISO/TC 37/SC 3 Secretariat: DIN
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
2021-09-30 2021-12-23
Management of terminology resources — Data
categories —
Part 1:
Specifications
Gestion des ressources terminologiques — Catégories de données —
Partie 1: Spécifications
ICS: 35.240.30; 01.020
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
FOR COMMENT AND APPROVAL. IT IS
THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND MAY
NOT BE REFERRED TO AS AN INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD UNTIL PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL,
This document is circulated as received from the committee secretariat.
TECHNOLOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND
USER PURPOSES, DRAFT INTERNATIONAL
STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO
BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR
POTENTIAL TO BECOME STANDARDS TO
WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
Reference number
NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO/DIS 12620-1:2021(E)
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED
TO SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS,
NOTIFICATION OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT
RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE AND TO
©
PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION. ISO 2021
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ISO/DIS 12620-1:2021(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2021
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
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Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
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oSIST ISO/DIS 12620-1:2021
ISO/DIS 12620-1:2021(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Data categories and data category specifications . 3
5 General recommendations for data category specifications . 4
6 Detailed requirements for documenting a data category . 5
6.1 Identifiers and names . 5
6.1.1 A unique and stable mnemonic identifier . 5
6.1.2 A unique and persistent identifier (PID) . 5
6.1.3 A unique canonical data category name . 5
6.1.4 Language-specific data category names . 5
6.2 Conceptual domains and data category types . 5
6.3 Data elementarity . 6
6.4 Profiles . 6
7 Referencing data categories . 6
8 Harmonizing and vetting data categories . 7
9 Management . 8
Annex A (informative) Structure of a Data Category Specification . 9
Bibliography .12
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ISO/DIS 12620-1:2021(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www .iso .org/
iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 37, Language and terminology,
Subcommittee SC 3, Management of terminology resources.
1))
This first edition of ISO 12620-1, together with ISO 12620-2 , cancels and replaces ISO 12620:2019,
which has been divided into parts and technically revised.
The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows:
ISO 12620:2019, Language and terminology — Data category specifications, described procedures for
defining data categories used in language resources and described requirements for maintaining a
pragmatic, consensus-based repository of harmonized data category specifications for use in language
resources. The current version of the standard ISO 12620-1 has been narrowed to focus on the structure
and rationale associated with data category specifications per se. Those sections of the standard that
deal with the creation and maintenance of Data Category Repositories have been moved to ISO 12620-2,
Management of terminology resources —Data categories —Part 2: Repositories.
A list of all parts in the ISO 12620 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
1) Under preparation. (Stage at the time of publication ISO/DIS 12620-2.)
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Introduction
Data associated with language resources are identified, collected, managed and stored in a wide variety
of environments. Data appearing in language resources are generalized into classes that are referred to
as data categories. Differences in approach for developing different kinds of language resources as well
as differences in technical environments inevitably lead to variations in data category definitions and
data category names. The use of uniform data category names and definitions employed in resources
within the same linguistic domain (for example, among terminology resources, lexical resources,
annotated text corpora, etc.) contributes to system coherence and enhances the re-usability of data.
Such uniform use requires access to formal data category specifications. Defining a clear framework for
specifying, managing and using data categories will increase interoperability of language resources.
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DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 12620-1:2021(E)
Management of terminology resources — Data
categories —
Part 1:
Specifications
1 Scope
This document provides requirements and recommendations governing data category specifications for
language resources. It specifies mechanisms for creating, documenting, harmonizing and maintaining
data category specifications in a data category repository. It also describes the structure and content of
data category specifications. The intended audience of this document is researchers and practitioners
in fields of language resource management who use data categories and data category specifications.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
2)
)
ISO 12620-2, , Management of terminology resources — Data categories — Part 2: Repositories
ISO 24619, Language resource management — Persistent identification and sustainable access (PISA)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
conceptual domain
permissible content of a data category (3.2)
EXAMPLE In a terminology database, the data category /part of speech/ could have a conceptual domain
consisting of the values /noun/, /verb/, /adjective/, /adverb/.
Note 1 to entry: The permissible content can be closed, as in the example, or subject to formal restrictions such
as dates, or free text such as the conceptual domain of /definition/. Although the latter type is not formally
restricted, it is nevertheless subject to adherence to the requirements of its data category specification, i.e., it
contains a true definition and not a note, example, or some other piece of information.
3.1.1
open conceptual domain
conceptual domain (3.1) that has no formal restrictions
Note 1 to entry: An open conceptual domain is frequently associated with data categories that take free text as
their content, such as /definition/ or /context/.
2) Under preparation. (Stage at the time of publication ISO/DIS 12620-2.)
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Note 2 to entry: Some requirements are not always machine processable, for instance, to require that /definition/
only contain definitional information, or that a /context/ meet certain specified requirements.
3.1.2
closed conceptual domain
conceptual domain (3.1) that is restricted to a set of enumerated values
EXAMPLE In a specific terminology database, the data category /grammatical gender/ could, for instance,
have the values /feminine/, /masculine/ and /neuter/.
3.1.3
constrained conceptual domain
conceptual domain (3.1) that is restricted to a constraint or rule specified in a schema-specific language
EXAMPLE The data category /date/ can be constrained by a system setting to certain date formats, or a
data category can be subject to a termbase-specific rule, such as making it mandatory to enter a /source/ for a /
definition/.
3.1.4
simple conceptual domain
conceptual domain (3.1) that has only binary values
Note 1 to entry: Each declared picklist value can be implemented as a simple data category with a simple
conceptual domain.
Note 2 to entry: The two values can be “yes” or “no”, “true” or “false”, or other such binary representation.
3.2
data category
DC
class of data items that are closely related from a formal or semantic point of view
EXAMPLE /part of speech/, /subject field/, /definition/
Note 1 to entry: A data category can be viewed as a generalization of the notion of a field in a database.
Note 2 to entry: In running text, such as in this document, data category names are enclosed in forward slashes
(e.g. /part of speech/).
[SOURCE: ISO 30042:2019, 3.8, modified – admitted term “DC” added]
3.2.1
open data category
data category (3.2) that has an open conceptual domain (3.1.1)
3.2.2
closed data category
data category (3.2) that has a closed conceptual domain (3.1.2)
3.2.3
constrained data category
data category (3.2) that has a constrained conceptual domain (3.1.3)
3.2.4
simple data category
data category (3.2) that has a simple conceptual domain (3.1.4)
Note 1 to entry: See also picklist value (3.9).
3.3
data category concept
semantic content of a data category (3.2), independent of any specific implementations
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3.4
data category name
linguistic representation of a data category (3.2) as it appears in a particular language, in a particular
application or in a language resource
EXAMPLE The data category name for /part of speech/ is “part of speech” in English and “partie du discours”
in French.
3.5
data category specification
DC specification
complete descriptive record of a data category (3.2)
3.6
data category repository
DCR
digital repository of data category specifications (3.5)
EXAMPLE DatCatInfo, a DCR for language resources (see Reference [5])
Note 1 to entry: Data category repositories are used as references when specifying language resources.
3.7
data category selection
DC selection
set of data category specifications (3.5) chosen from a data category repository (3.6)
Note 1 to entry: A data category selection can represent the data categories used within a research discipline or
a specific application or project.
3.8
persistent identifier
PID
unique Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) that provides permanent access to a digital object
independently of its physical location or current ownership
EXAMPLE https:// datcatinfo .termweb .eu/ datcat/ DC70
[SOURCE: ISO 24619:2011, 3.2.4, modified – order of terms inverted, definition slightly reworded, note
deleted, example added]
3.9
picklist value
one of the enumerated or permissible values of a closed data category (3.2.2)
EXAMPLE /singular/ and /plural/ as picklist values of the closed data category /grammatical number/.
Note 1 to entry: See also simple data category (3.2.4).
Note 2 to entry: Due to data modelling variance, most types of information that can be represented as picklist
values in a database can also be represented as simple data categories. For example, /plural/ can be implemented
as a checkbox, which, when checked, takes the value “yes” and when unchecked, takes the value “no”.
4 Data categories and data category specifications
A data category (DC) is a class of information that forms part of a data collection or annotation scheme
for a given language resource. For example, /definition/ and /part of speech/ are common data
categories in terminology resources and lexical resources. Data category names can appear as the
name of a field in the user interface of a software application or as a markup element in an annotated
resource.
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Some data categories are pertinent to a specific application, research area or type of resource and not
others. For instance, a /concept identifier/ is characteristic of terminology resources or ontological
resources, whereas /sense number/ is applicable to lexical resources. On the other hand, many data
categories, frequently those of a strictly linguistic nature such as /part of speech/, /grammatical gender/
and /grammatical number/, are common to a wide variety of resources. These data categories may not
always be implemented in the same way in different resources or applications, but each nevertheless
evokes one universal data category concept. For instance, for terminology management, only a small
set of values are needed for /part of speech/ (for instance,. noun, verb, adjective, adverb), but in lexical
resources, additional values are required (for instance, preposition, pronoun and so forth).
A data category specification (DC specification) provides the complete and formal representation of a
data category (for example, its name, definition, examples, comments, etc.). Data category specifications
can be referenced by the language resources that use them, for instance, through the use of PIDs that
directly resolve to the data category specification from within that resource.
5 General recommendations for data category specifications
This clause states the recommendations that data category specifications should fulfil in order to
support the effective use of data categories for language resources.
A data category specification should:
— be available online;
— provi
...
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