SIST EN IEC 60477-1:2022
(Main)Laboratory resistors - Part 1: Laboratory DC resistors (IEC 60477-1:2022)
Laboratory resistors - Part 1: Laboratory DC resistors (IEC 60477-1:2022)
This document applies to resistors intended for use as laboratory DC resistors (hereinafter
referred to as "resistors") comprising standard resistors, single or multiple resistors of accuracy
Classes 0,000 05 to 10 and single or multi-dial resistors of accuracy Classes 0,000 5 to 10.
This document does not apply to:
1) resistors which are intended for use solely as permanently mounted circuit components,
2) resistors used on alternating current or on pulsed current,
3) active resistors,
4) series resistors and shunts which are considered as accessories of electrical measuring
instruments in the relevant IEC document (examples of these are as follows).
EXAMPLE 1 IEC 60051 series: Recommendations for direct acting indicating analogue electrical measuring
instruments and their accessories.
EXAMPLE 2 IEC 60258: Direct acting recording electrical measuring instruments and their accessories.
Labor-Widerstände - Teil 1: Labor-Gleichstromwiderstände (IEC 60477-1:2022)
Résistances de laboratoire - Partie 1: Résistances de laboratoire à courant continu (IEC 60477-1:2022)
L'IEC 60477-1:2022 s’applique aux résistances destinées à être utilisées comme résistances de laboratoire à courant continu (ci-après désignées "résistances"), comprenant des résistances étalons, des résistances simples ou multiples des classes de précision 0,000 05 à 10 et des résistances à commutateurs simples ou multiples des classes de précision 0,000 5 à 10.
Le présent document ne s’applique pas:
1) aux résistances qui sont destinées à être utilisées seulement comme composants, branchées de façon permanente dans des circuits;
2) aux résistances utilisées en courant alternatif ou en courant impulsionnel;
3) aux résistances actives;
4) aux résistances additionnelles et aux shunts qui sont considérés comme accessoires des appareils de mesure électriques dans le document correspondant de l’IEC (en voici des exemples).
L'IEC 60477-1:2022 annule et remplace la première édition de l’IEC 60477 parue en 1974 et son Amendement 1:1997. Cette édition constitue une révision technique.
Cette édition inclut les modifications techniques majeures suivantes par rapport à l’édition précédente:
a) extension des classes de précision des résistances;
b) suppression de l’expression classe de précision d’une résistance en parties par million (ppm);
c) exclusion de la résistance active du domaine d’application du présent document;
d) mise à jour des termes et définitions conformément à la nouvelle série IEC 60050;
e) remplacement du terme "résistance à décade" par "commutateur de résistance" pour couvrir les résistances à commutateurs multiples avec d’autres valeurs d’échelon de résistance;
f) mise à jour de l’erreur intrinsèque à l’incertitude intrinsèque conformément à l’IEC 60359;
g) ajout des limites de stabilité relative pour les résistances de classes 0,000 05 à 0,01;
h) ajout des exigences relatives aux résistances haute tension;
i) mise à jour des symboles de sécurité et des exigences conformément à la nouvelle série IEC 61010;
j) mise à jour des exigences de résistance d’isolement d’une résistance;
k) ajout des exigences relatives au coefficient de température;
l) mise à jour des exigences de température pour le transport et le stockage des résistances.
Laboratorijski upori - 1. del: Laboratorijski upori za enosmerni tok (IEC 60477-1:2022)
Ta dokument se uporablja za upore, namenjene za uporabo kot laboratorijski upori za enosmerni tok (v nadaljevanju: »upori«), ki vključujejo standardne upore, enega ali več uporov razredov natančnosti od 0,00005 do 10 ter enega ali več uporov razredov natančnosti od 0,0005 do 10. Ta dokument se ne uporablja za: 1) upore, ki so predvideni izključno za uporabo kot trajno nameščeni sestavni deli vezja, 2) upore, ki se uporabljajo pri izmeničnem ali pulzirajočem toku, 3) aktivne upore, 4) zaporedne upore in upornike, ki so v ustreznem dokumentu IEC obravnavani kot pribor električnih merilnih instrumentov (primeri teh dokumentov so navedeni v nadaljevanju). PRIMER 1 – skupina standardov IEC 60051: priporočila za neposredno delujoče kazalne analogne električne merilne instrumente in njihov pribor. PRIMER 2 – IEC 60258: neposredno delujoči zapisovalni električni merilni instrumenti in njihov pribor.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN IEC 60477-1:2022
01-oktober-2022
Nadomešča:
SIST EN 60477:2000
SIST EN 60477:2000/A1:2000
Laboratorijski upori - 1. del: Laboratorijski upori za enosmerni tok (IEC 60477-
1:2022)
Laboratory resistors - Part 1: Laboratory DC resistors (IEC 60477-1:2022)
Labor-Widerstände - Teil 1: Labor-Gleichstromwiderstände (IEC 60477-1:2022)
Résistances de laboratoire - Partie 1: Résistances de laboratoire à courant continu (IEC
60477-1:2022)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN IEC 60477-1:2022
ICS:
17.220.20 Merjenje električnih in Measurement of electrical
magnetnih veličin and magnetic quantities
SIST EN IEC 60477-1:2022 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN IEC 60477-1:2022
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SIST EN IEC 60477-1:2022
EUROPEAN STANDARD EN IEC 60477-1
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM May 2022
ICS 17.220.20; 31.040.01 Supersedes EN 60477:1997 + A1:1997
English Version
Laboratory resistors - Part 1: Laboratory DC resistors
(IEC 60477-1:2022)
Résistances de laboratoire - Partie 1: Résistances de Labor-Widerstände - Teil 1: Labor-Gleichstromwiderstände
laboratoire à courant continu (IEC 60477-1:2022)
(IEC 60477-1:2022)
This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2022-05-04. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC
Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre or to any CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the
same status as the official versions.
CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2022 CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC Members.
Ref. No. EN IEC 60477-1:2022 E
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SIST EN IEC 60477-1:2022
EN IEC 60477-1:2022 (E)
European foreword
The text of document 85/821/FDIS, future edition 1 of IEC 60477-1, prepared by IEC/TC 85
"Measuring equipment for electrical and electromagnetic quantities" was submitted to the IEC-
CENELEC parallel vote and approved by CENELEC as EN IEC 60477-1:2022.
The following dates are fixed:
• latest date by which the document has to be implemented at national (dop) 2023-02-04
level by publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement
• latest date by which the national standards conflicting with the (dow) 2025-05-04
document have to be withdrawn
This document supersedes EN 60477:1997 and all of its amendments and corrigenda (if any).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national committee. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CENELEC website.
Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard IEC 60477-1:2022 was approved by CENELEC as a European
Standard without any modification.
In the official version, for Bibliography, the following notes have to be added for the standards
indicated:
IEC 60051 (series) NOTE Harmonized as EN IEC 60051 (series)
IEC 60258 NOTE Harmonized as HD 368 S1
IEC 60359:2001 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60359:2002 (not modified)
2
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EN IEC 60477-1:2022 (E)
Annex ZA
(normative)
Normative references to international publications
with their corresponding European publications
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments)
applies.
NOTE 1 Where an International Publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the
relevant EN/HD applies.
NOTE 2 Up-to-date information on the latest versions of the European Standards listed in this annex is available
here: www.cenelec.eu.
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year
IEC 60027 series Letter symbols to be used in electrical EN IEC 60027 series
technology
IEC 60417 series Graphical symbols for use on equipment - -
Safety requirements for electrical
IEC 61010-1 2010 EN 61010-1 2010
equipment for measurement, control, and
laboratory use - Part 1: General
requirements
+ A1 (mod) 2016 + A1 2019
IEC 61010-2-030 - Safety requirements for electrical EN IEC 61010-2-030 -
equipment for measurement, control, and
laboratory use - Part 2-030: Particular
requirements for equipment having testing
or measuring circuits
3
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SIST EN IEC 60477-1:2022
IEC 60477-1
®
Edition 1.0 2022-03
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Laboratory resistors –
Part 1: Laboratory DC resistors
Résistances de laboratoire –
Partie 1: Résistances de laboratoire à courant continu
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 17.220.20; 31.040.01 ISBN 978-2-8322-1092-6
Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor.
Attention! Veuillez vous assurer que vous avez obtenu cette publication via un distributeur agréé.
® Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission
Marque déposée de la Commission Electrotechnique Internationale
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CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 4
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 6
3.1 General terms . 7
3.2 Characteristic values . 9
3.3 Accuracy class, class index . 10
3.4 Influence quantities, reference conditions, nominal range of use . 11
3.5 Uncertainty and variations. 13
4 Classification and construction . 16
4.1 Classification . 16
4.2 Construction . 16
5 Limits of intrinsic uncertainty . 16
5.1 General . 16
5.2 Requirement for multiple resistors . 17
6 Reference conditions . 17
7 Permissible variations . 18
7.1 Limits of variation. 18
7.2 Conditions for the determination of the variations . 19
7.3 Influence of self-heating (power dissipation) . 19
7.4 Influence of position . 20
8 Further electrical and mechanical requirements . 20
8.1 Electrical safety requirements . 20
8.2 Insulation resistance . 20
8.3 Storage and transport conditions . 20
8.4 Terminal . 20
8.5 Provision of temperature measuring facilities . 21
8.6 Guarding and screening requirements . 21
9 Information, markings and symbols . 21
9.1 Information . 21
9.2 Markings, symbols and their locations . 22
9.3 Marking relating to the reference conditions and nominal ranges of use . 22
Annex A (informative) Reference information . 25
A.1 Thermoelectric effects (see Clause 6, Note 2) . 25
A.2 Reference range and nominal range of use . 25
A.3 Example of marking for a single resistor . 26
A.4 Example of marking for a five-dial resistor . 26
Bibliography . 27
Figure A.1 – Effect of temperature . 25
Figure A.2 – Example of marking for a single resistor . 26
Figure A.3 – Example of marking for a five-dial resistor . 26
Table 1 – Limits of intrinsic relative uncertainty and limits of relative stability . 17
Table 2 – Reference conditions and permissible range of influence quantities . 18
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Table 3 – Nominal range of use for influence quantities (applicable unless marked
otherwise) . 19
Table 4 – Examples of markings for temperature . 23
Table 5 – Symbols for marking resistors . 24
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INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
LABORATORY RESISTORS –
Part 1: Laboratory DC resistors
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international
co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and
in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports,
Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as "IEC Publication(s)"). Their
preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with
may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising
with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for
Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence between
any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent
rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
IEC 60477-1 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 85: Measuring equipment for
electrical and electromagnetic quantities. It is an International Standard.
This first edition cancels and replaces the first edition of IEC 60477 published in 1974, and its
Amendment 1:1997. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous
edition:
a) extended the resistor accuracy classes;
b) deleted the resistor accuracy class expression in parts per million (ppm);
c) excluded the active resistor from the scope of this document;
d) updated the terms and definitions according to new IEC 60050 series;
e) changed the term "resistance decade" to "resistance dial" to cover the multi-dial resistors
with other resistance step values;
f) updated the intrinsic error to intrinsic uncertainty according to IEC 60359;
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IEC 60477-1:2022 © IEC 2022 – 5 –
g) added the limits of relative stability for resistors of classes 0,000 05 to 0,01;
h) added the requirements of high voltage resistors;
i) updated the safety symbols and requirements according to the new IEC 61010 series;
j) updated the insulation resistance requirements of resistors;
k) added the requirements of temperature coefficient;
l) updated the temperature requirements for transport and storage of resistors.
The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
Draft Report on voting
85/821/FDIS 85/824/RVD
Full information on the voting for its approval can be found in the report on voting indicated in
the above table.
The language used for the development of this International Standard is English.
A list of all parts in the IEC 60477 series, published under the general title Laboratory resistors,
can be found on the IEC website.
This document was drafted in accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2, and developed in
accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1 and ISO/IEC Directives, IEC Supplement, available
at www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs. The main document types developed by IEC are
described in greater detail at www.iec.ch/standardsdev/publications.
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to
the specific document. At this date, the document will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
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LABORATORY RESISTORS –
Part 1: Laboratory DC resistors
1 Scope
This document applies to resistors intended for use as laboratory DC resistors (hereinafter
referred to as "resistors") comprising standard resistors, single or multiple resistors of accuracy
Classes 0,000 05 to 10 and single or multi-dial resistors of accuracy Classes 0,000 5 to 10.
This document does not apply to:
1) resistors which are intended for use solely as permanently mounted circuit components,
2) resistors used on alternating current or on pulsed current,
3) active resistors,
4) series resistors and shunts which are considered as accessories of electrical measuring
instruments in the relevant IEC document (examples of these are as follows).
EXAMPLE 1 IEC 60051 series: Recommendations for direct acting indicating analogue electrical measuring
instruments and their accessories.
EXAMPLE 2 IEC 60258: Direct acting recording electrical measuring instruments and their accessories.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies.
For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
IEC 60027 (all parts), Letter symbols to be used in electrical technology
IEC 60417 (all parts), Graphical symbols for use on equipment (available at http://www.graphical-
symbols.info/equipment)
IEC 61010-1:2010, Safety requirements for electrical equipment for measurement, control, and
laboratory use – Part 1: General requirements
IEC 61010-1:2010/AMD1:2016
IEC 61010-2-030, Safety requirements for electrical equipment for measurement, control, and
laboratory use – Part 2-030: Particular requirements for equipment having testing or measuring
circuits
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
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3.1 General terms
3.1.1
terminal
point of interconnection of an electric circuit element, an electric circuit or a network with other
electric circuit elements, electric circuits or networks
Note 1 to entry: For an electric circuit element the terminals are the points at which or between which the related
integral quantities are defined. At each terminal, there is only one electric current from outside into the element.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-131:2002, 131-11-11, modified – Note 2 to entry omitted.]
3.1.2
two-terminal device
device having two terminals, or device having more than two terminals where only the
performance at two terminals forming a pair is of interest
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-151:2001, 151-12-13, modified – Note 1 to entry omitted.]
3.1.3
resistor
two-terminal device characterized essentially by its resistance
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-151:2001, 151-13-19, modified – Note 1 to entry omitted.]
3.1.4
four-terminal resistor
resistor fitted with two current terminals and two voltage terminals
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-313:2001, 313-09-06, modified – deletion of the words "injection" and
"measuring".]
3.1.5
single value resistor
device which provides a single definite resistance value between certain terminals
3.1.6
multiple value resistor
assembly comprising a number of resistors which are accessible either singly or in combination
and which provides definite resistance values between certain terminals
3.1.7
resistance dial
multiple resistor which, by means of a switching device, generally allows the selection of a
combination of resistance values rising in equal steps, each step corresponding to an increment
of an n-ary resistance value
Note 1 to entry: Resistance decade with each step corresponding to an increment of a decadic resistance value is
common (e.g. 0,1 Ω or 1 Ω or 10 Ω, etc.).
Note 2 to entry: A resistance decade generally allows a selection of 10, 11 or 12 resistance values (including zero).
3.1.8
multi-dial resistor
multiple resistor comprising a number of resistance dials which are generally connected in
series
Note 1 to entry: A resistor comprising a number of resistance decades is usually called a multi-decade resistor.
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3.1.9
material measure
device intended to reproduce or supply, in a permanent manner during its use, one or more
known values of a given quantity
EXAMPLE: Standard electric resistor.
Note 1 to entry: The quantity concerned may be called the supplied quantity.
Note 2 to entry: The definition covers also those devices, such as signal generators and standard voltage or current
generators, often referred to as supply instruments.
Note 3 to entry: The identification of the value and uncertainty of the supplied quantity is given by a number tied to
a unit of measurement or a code term, called the nominal value or marked value of the material measure.
[SOURCE: IEC 60359:2001, 3.2.3, modified – The example has been added, as given in
IEC 60050-311:2001, 311-03-03.]
3.1.10
(measurement) standard
material measure, measuring instrument, reference material or measuring system intended to
define, represent physically, conserve or reproduce a unit of a quantity, or a multiple or sub-
multiple thereof (for example, standard resistance), or a known value of a quantity (for example,
standard cell), with a given uncertainty
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-311:2001, 311-04-01]
3.1.11
residual resistance
resistance value between the terminals of a multiple resistor having switching devices with a
zero position, when all switching elements are set to the zero position
3.1.12
screen
shield (US)
device intended to reduce the penetration of an electric, magnetic or electromagnetic field into
a given region
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-151:2001, 151-13-09]
3.1.13
local earth
local ground, US
part of the Earth that is in electric contact with an earth electrode and that has an electric
potential not necessarily equal to zero
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-195:2021, 195-01-03]
3.1.14
earth, verb
ground, verb US
to make an electric connection between a conductive part and a local earth
Note 1 to entry: The connection to local earth can be
– intentional, or
– unintentional or accidental
and can be permanent or temporary.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-195:2021, 195-01-08]
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3.1.15
earthing terminal
grounding terminal, US
terminal provided on equipment and intended for the electric connection with the earthing
arrangement
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-195:2021, 195-02-31]
3.1.16
working voltage
highest RMS value of the AC or DC voltage across any particular insulation which can occur
when the equipment is supplied at rated voltage
Note 1 to entry: Transients and voltage fluctuations are not considered to be part of the working voltage.
Note 2 to entry: Both open-circuit conditions and normal operating conditions are taken into account.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-581:2008, 581-21-19, modified – Note 1 and Note 2 to entry have been
added according to IEC 61010-1:2010, 3.3.3.]
3.1.17
measurement category
classification of testing and measuring circuits according to the type of mains to which they are
intended to be connected
Note 1 to entry: Measurement categories take into account overvoltage categories, short-circuit current levels, the
location in the building installation where the test or measurement is to be made, and some forms of energy limitation
or transient protection included in the building installation. See IEC 61010-2-30:2017, Annex AA for more information.
[SOURCE: IEC 61010-2-30:2017, 3.5.101]
3.1.18
insulation resistance
resistance under specified conditions between two conductive elements separated by the
insulating materials
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-151:2001, 151-15-43]
3.2 Characteristic values
3.2.1
nominal value
value of a quantity used to designate and identify a component, device, equipment, or system
Note 1 to entry: The nominal value is generally a rounded value.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-151:2001, 151-16-09]
3.2.2
(measure-) value
mid element of the set assigned to represent the measurand
Note 1 to entry: The measure-value is no more representative of the measurand than any other element of the set.
It is singled out merely for the convenience of expressing the set in the format V ± U, where V is the mid element
and U the half-width of the set, rather than by its extremes. The qualifier "measure-" is used when deemed necessary
to avoid confusion with the reading-value or the indicated value.
Note 2 to entry: For a multiple resistor with switching devices having a zero position, the measure-value for a given
setting is the value obtained for that setting minus the residual resistance (see 3.1.11).
[SOURCE: IEC 60359:2001, 3.1.3, modified – Note 2 to entry has been added.]
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3.2.3
indication
reading-value
output signal of the instrument
Note 1 to entry: The indicated value can be derived from the indication by means of the calibration curve.
Note 2 to entry: For a material measure, the indication is its nominal or stated value.
Note 3 to entry: The indication depends on the output format of the instrument:
– for analogue outputs it is a number tied to the appropriate unit of the display;
– for digital outputs it is the displayed digitized number;
– for code outputs it is the identification of the code pattern.
Note 4 to entry: For analogue outputs meant to be read by a human observer (as in the index-on-scale instruments)
the unit of output is the unit of scale numbering; for analogue outputs meant to be read by another instrument (as in
calibrated transducers) the unit of output is the unit of measurement of the quantity supporting the output signal.
Note 5 to entry: The indication is the assigned value for a resistor, the measure-value stated in this document
(see 9.1 p)) for a single or a multiple resistor of classes 0,00005 to 0,01, or the nominal value for a single or a
multiple resistor of classes 0,01 to 10.
[SOURCE: IEC 60359:2001, 3.1.5, modified – Note 5 to entry has been added.]
3.2.4
indicated value
value given by an indicating instrument on the basis of its calibration curve
Note 1 to entry: The indicated value is the measure-value of the measurand when the instrument is used in a direct
measurement under all the
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN IEC 60477:2021
01-julij-2021
Laboratorijski upori za enosmerni tok
Laboratory DC resistors
Gleichstrom-Meßwiderstände
Résistances de laboratoire à courant continu
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN IEC 60477:2021
ICS:
17.220.20 Merjenje električnih in Measurement of electrical
magnetnih veličin and magnetic quantities
oSIST prEN IEC 60477:2021 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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85/771/CDV
COMMITTEE DRAFT FOR VOTE (CDV)
PROJECT NUMBER:
IEC 60477 ED2
DATE OF CIRCULATION: CLOSING DATE FOR VOTING:
2021-05-21 2021-08-13
SUPERSEDES DOCUMENTS:
85/734/CD, 85/757/CC
IEC TC 85 : MEASURING EQUIPMENT FOR ELECTRICAL AND ELECTROMAGNETIC QUANTITIES
SECRETARIAT: SECRETARY:
China Ms Guiju HAN
OF INTEREST TO THE FOLLOWING COMMITTEES: PROPOSED HORIZONTAL STANDARD:
Other TC/SCs are requested to indicate their interest, if
any, in this CDV to the secretary.
FUNCTIONS CONCERNED:
EMC ENVIRONMENT QUALITY ASSURANCE SAFETY
SUBMITTED FOR CENELEC PARALLEL VOTING NOT SUBMITTED FOR CENELEC PARALLEL VOTING
Attention IEC-CENELEC parallel voting
The attention of IEC National Committees, members of
CENELEC, is drawn to the fact that this Committee Draft
for Vote (CDV) is submitted for parallel voting.
The CENELEC members are invited to vote through the
CENELEC online voting system.
This document is still under study and subject to change. It should not be used for reference purposes.
Recipients of this document are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of
which they are aware and to provide supporting documentation.
TITLE:
Laboratory DC resistors
PROPOSED STABILITY DATE: 2025
NOTE FROM TC/SC OFFICERS:
1
Copyright © 2021 International Electrotechnical Commission, IEC. All rights reserved. It is permitted to download this
electronic file, to make a copy and to print out the content for the sole purpose of preparing National Committee positions.
You may not copy or "mirror" the file or printed version of the document, or any part of it, for any other purpose without
permission in writing from IEC.
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2 CONTENTS
3
4 FOREWORD . - 3 -
5 1 Scope . - 5 -
6 2 Normative references . - 5 -
7 3 Terms and definitions . - 5 -
8 3.1 General terms . - 5 -
9 3.2 Characteristic values . - 8 -
10 3.3 Accuracy class, class index . - 9 -
11 3.4 Influence quantities, reference conditions, nominal range of use . - 9 -
12 3.5 Uncertainty and variations . - 11 -
13 4 Classification . - 13 -
14 5 Limits of intrinsic uncertainty . - 13 -
15 5.1 General . - 13 -
16 5.2 Requirement for multiple resistor . - 14 -
17 6 Reference conditions . - 14 -
18 7 Permissible variations. - 15 -
19 7.1 Limits of variation . - 15 -
20 7.2 Conditions for the determination of the variations. - 16 -
21 7.3 Influence of self-heating (power dissipation) . - 16 -
22 7.4 Influence of position . - 16 -
23 8 Further electrical and mechanical requirements . - 16 -
24 8.1 Electrical safety requirements . - 16 -
25 8.2 Insulation resistance . - 16 -
26 8.3 storage and transport conditions . - 17 -
27 8.4 Terminal . - 17 -
28 8.5 Provision of temperature measuring facilities . - 17 -
29 8.6 Guarding and screening requirements . - 17 -
30 9 Information, markings and symbols . - 17 -
31 9.1 Information . - 17 -
32 9.2 Markings, symbols and their locations . - 18 -
33 9.3 Marking relating to the reference conditions and nominal ranges of use . - 18 -
34 Annex A (informative) Reference Information . - 21 -
35 A.1 Thermoelectric effects (see Sub-clause 6.3, Note 2) . - 21 -
36 A.2 Reference range and nominal range of use . - 21 -
37 A.3 Example of marking for a single resistor . - 22 -
38 A.4 Example of marking for a five-dial resistor . - 22 -
39
40 Figure A.1 – Effect of temperature . - 21 -
41 Figure A.2 – Example of marking for a single resistor . - 22 -
42 Figure A.3 – Example of marking for a five-dial resistor . - 22 -
43
44 Table 1 – Limits of intrinsic relative uncertainty and limits of relative stability . - 14 -
45 Table 2 – Reference conditions and permissible range of influence quantities . - 15 -
46 Table 3 – Nominal range of use for influence quantities . - 15 -
47 Table 4 – Examples of markings for temperature . - 19 -
48 Table 5 – Symbols for marking resistors . - 20 -
49
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50
51 INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
52 ____________
53
54 LABORATORY DC RESISTORS
55
56
57 FOREWORD
58 1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
59 all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
60 international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
61 this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
62 Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
63 Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
64 in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
65 governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
66 with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
67 agreement between the two organizations.
68 2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
69 consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
70 interested IEC National Committees.
71 3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
72 Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
73 Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
74 misinterpretation by any end user.
75 4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
76 transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
77 between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
78 the latter.
79 5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
80 assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
81 services carried out by independent certification bodies.
82 6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
83 7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
84 members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
85 other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
86 expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
87 Publications.
88 8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
89 indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
90 9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
91 patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
92 International Standard IEC 60477 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 85:
93 Measuring equipment for electromagnetic quantities.
94 This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 1974, Amendment 1:
95 1997. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
96 This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous
97 edition:
98 – replaced d.c. with DC according IEC 60050-151:2001, 151-15-02;
99 – extended the resistor accuracy class scope of this document;
100 – deleted the resistor accuracy class expression in parts per million (ppM);
101 – excluded the active resistor from scope of this document;
102 – updated the terms and definition according to new IEC 60050 series;
103 – changed the term “resistance decade” to “resistance dial” to cover the multi-dial resistors
104 with other resistance step values;
105 – updated the intrinsic error to intrinsic uncertainty according IEC 60359;
106 – added the limits of relative stability for resistor of classes 0.00005… 0.01;
107 – added the requirement of high voltage high resistor;
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108
109 – updated the safety symbols and requirements according to new IEC 61010 series;
110 – updated the insulation resistance requirements of resistor;
111 – added the requirement of temperature coefficient;
112 – updated the temperature requirements for transport and storage of resistor according to
113 IEC 60051-1.
114 The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
Draft Report on voting
XX/XX/FDIS XX/XX/RVD
115
116 Full information on the voting for its approval can be found in the report on voting indicated in
117 the above table.
118 The language used for the development of this International Standard is English.
119 This document was drafted in accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2, and developed in
120 accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1 and ISO/IEC Directives, IEC Supplement,
121 available at www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs. The main document types developed by
122 IEC are described in greater detail at www.iec.ch/standardsdev/publications.
123 The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
124 stability date indicated on the IEC website under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to
125 the specific document. At this date, the document will be
126 • reconfirmed,
127 • withdrawn,
128 • replaced by a revised edition, or
129 • amended.
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130
131 LABORATORY DC RESISTORS
132
133
134 1 Scope
135 This document applies to resistors intended for use as laboratory DC resistors (hereinafter
136 referred to as “resistors”) comprising standard resistors, single or multiple resistors of
137 accuracy Classes 0.00005…10 and single or multi-dial resistors of accuracy Classes
138 0.0005 … 10.
139 This document does not apply to:
140 a) resistors which are intended for use solely as permanent mounted circuit components,
141 b) resistors used on alternating current or on pulsed current,
142 c) active resistor
143 d) series resistors and shunts which are considered as accessories of electrical measuring
144 instruments in the relevant IEC publication.
145 EXAMPLE 1 IEC 60051: Recommendations for Direct Acting Indicting Electrical Instruments and Their
146 Accessories.
147 EXAMPLE 2 IEC 60258: Direct Recording Electrical Measuring Instruments and Their Accessories.
148
149 2 Normative references
150 The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their
151 content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition
152 cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including
153 any amendments) applies.
154 IEC 60027(all parts), Letter symbols to be used in electrical technology
155 IEC 60359: 2001, Electrical and electronic measurement equipment - Expression of
156 performance
157 IEC 60417, Graphical symbols for use on equipment
158 IEC 61010-1, Safety requirements for electrical equipment for measurement, control, and
159 laboratory use – Part1: General requirements
160 IEC 61010-2-30, Safety requirements for electrical equipment for measurement, control, and
161 laboratory use – Part 2-030: Particular requirements for testing and measuring circuits
162
163 3 Terms and definitions
164 For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
165 ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following
166 addresses:
167 • IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
168 • ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
169 3.1 General terms
170 3.1.1
171 terminal
172 point of interconnection of an electric circuit element, an electric circuit or a network with
173 other electric circuit elements, electric circuits or networks
174 Note 1 to entry: For an electric circuit element the terminals are the points at which or between which the related
175 integral quantities are defined. At each terminal, there is only one electric current from outside into the element.
176 [SOURCE: IEC 60050-131:2002,131-11-11]
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177 3.1.2
178 two-terminal device
179 device having two terminals, or device having more than two terminals where only the
180 performance at two terminals forming a pair is of interest
181 [SOURCE: IEC 60050-151:2001, 151-12-13]
182 3.1.3
183 resistor
184 two-terminal device characterized essentially by its resistance
185 [SOURCE: IEC 60050-151:2001, 151-13-19]
186 3.1.4
187 four-terminal resistor
188 resistor fitted with two current terminals and two voltage terminals
189 [SOURCE: IEC 60050-313:2001, 313-09-06, modified – deleting the words “injection” and
190 “measuring”.]
191 3.1.5
192 single value resistor
193 device which provides a single definite resistance value between certain terminals
194 3.1.6
195 multiple value resistor
196 assembly comprising a number of resistors which are accessible either singly or in
197 combination and which provides definite resistance values between certain terminals
198 3.1.7
199 measuring dial
200 dial from which the value of the measured quantity is determined, taking into account the
201 range factor, if any
202 Note 1 to entry: In general, the dial also carries other information characterizing the instrument.
203 [SOURCE: IEC 60050-314:2001,314-09-03]
204 3.1.8
205 resistance dial
206 multiple resistor which, by means of a switching device, generally allows the selection of a
207 combination of resistance values rising in equal steps, each step corresponding to an
208 increment of a n-ary resistance value
209 Note 1 to entry: It is usual resistance decade with each step corresponding to an increment of a decadic
210 resistance value (e.g. 0.1 Ω or 1 Ω or 10 Ω.)
211 Note 2 to entry: A resistance decade generally allows a selection of 10, 11 or 12 resistance values (including
212 zero).
213 3.1.9
214 multi-dial resistor
215 multiple resistor comprising a number of resistance dials which are generally connected in
216 series
217 Note 1 to entry: For resistor comprising a number of resistance decades, It is usually called multi-decade resistor.
218 3.1.10
219 material measure
220 device intended to reproduce or supply, in a permanent manner during its use, one or more
221 known values of a given quantity
222 EXAMPLE Standard electric resistor
223 Note 1 to entry: The quantity concerned may be called the supplied quantity
224 Note 2 to entry: The definition covers also those devices, such as signal generators and standard voltage or
225 current generators, often referred to as supply instruments.
226 Note 3 to entry: The identification of the value and uncertainty of the supplied quantity is given by a number tied
227 to a unit of measurement or a code term, called the nominal value or marked value of the material measure.
228 [SOURCE: IEC 60359:2001, 3.2.3, modified – EXAMPLE has been added according IEC
229 60050-311:2001,311-03-03.]
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230 3.1.11
231 (measurement) standard
232 material measure, measuring instrument, reference material or measuring system intended to
233 define, represent physically, conserve or reproduce a unit of a quantity, or a multiple or sub-
234 multiple thereof (for example, standard resistance), or a known value of a quantity (for
235 example, standard cell), with a given uncertainty
236 [SOURCE: IEC 60050-311:2001, 311-04-01]
237 3.1.12
238 residual resistance
239 resistance value between the terminals of a multiple resistor having switching devices with a
240 zero position, when all switching elements are set to the zero position
241 3.1.13
242 screen
243 shield (US)
244 device intended to reduce the penetration of an electric, magnetic or electromagnetic field into
245 a given region
246 [SOURCE: IEC 60050-151: 2001, 151-13-09]
247 3.1.14
248 (local) earth
249 (local) ground (US)
250 part of the Earth which is in electric contact with an earth electrode and the electric potential
251 of which is not necessarily equal to zero
252 [SOURCE: IEC 60050-195:1998, 195-01-03]
253 3.1.15
254 earth(verb)
255 ground (verb) (US)
256 make an electric connection between a given point in a system or in an installation or in
257 equipment and a local earth
258 Note 1 to entry: The connection to local earth may be
259 – intentional, or
260 – unintentional or accidental
261 and may be permanent or temporary.
262 [SOURCE: IEC 60050-195:1998, 195-01-08]
263 3.1.16
264 earthing terminal
265 grounding terminal (US)
266 DEPRECATED: earth terminal
267 terminal provided on equipment or on a device and intended for the electric connection with
268 the earthing arrangement
269 [SOURCE: IEC 60050-195:1998, 195-02-31]
270 3.1.17
271 working voltage
272 highest RMS value of the AC or DC voltage across any particular insulation which can occur
273 when the equipment is supplied at rated voltage
274 Note 1 to entry: Transients and voltage fluctuations are not considered to be part of the working voltage.
275 Note 2 to entry: Both open-circuit conditions and normal operating conditions are taken into account.
276 [SOURCE: IEC 60050-581:2008, 581-21-19, modified – Note 1 and Note 2 to entry have
277 been added according to IEC 60010-1:2001 3.3.3.]
278 3.1.18
279 measurement category
280 classification of testing and measuring circuits according to the type of MAINS to which they
281 are intended to be connected
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282 Note 1 to entry: Measurement categories take into account overvoltage categories, short-circuit current levels,
283 the location in the building installation where the test or measurement is to be made, and some forms of energy
284 limitation or transient protection included in the building installation. See IEC 61010-2-30:2010 Annex AA for more
285 information.
286 [SOURCE: IEC 61010-2-30:2010 3.5.101]
287 3.1.19
288 insulation resistance
289 resistance under specified conditions between two conductive bodies separated by the
290 insulating material
291 [SOURCE: IEC 60050-151:2001, 151-15-43]
292 3.2 Characteristic values
293 3.2.1
294 nominal value
295 value of a quantity used to designate and identify a component, device, equipment, or system
296 Note 1 to entry: The nominal value is generally a rounded value.
297 [SOURCE: IEC 60050-151:2001, 151-16-09]
298 3.2.2
299 conventional value
300 measure-value of a standard used in a calibration operation and known with uncertainty
301 negligible with respect to the uncertainty of the instrument to be calibrated
302 Note 1 to entry: This definition is adapted to the object of this standard from the definition of "conventional true
303 value (of a quantity)": value attributed to a particular quantity and accepted, sometimes by convention, as having
304 an uncertainty appropriate for a given purpose.
305 [SOURCE: IEC 60359:2001,3.1.13]
306 3.2.3
307 (measure-) value
308 mid element of the set assigned to represent the measurand
309 Note 1 to entry: The measure-value is no more representative of the measurand than any other element of the
310 set. It is singled out merely for the convenience of expressing the set in the format V ± U, where V is the mid
311 element and U the half-width of the set, rather than by its extremes. The qualifier "measure-" is used when deemed
312 necessary to avoid confusion with the reading-value or the indicated value.
313 Note 2 to entry: For a multiple resistor with switching devices having a zero position, the measure-value for a
314 given setting is the value obtained for that setting minus the residual resistance (see Sub-clause 3.1.12)
315 [SOURCE: IEC 60359:2001,3.1.3, modified – Note 2 to entry has been added.]
316 3.2.4
317 indication
318 reading-value
319 output signal of the instrument
320 Note 1 to entry: The indicated value can be derived from the indication by means of the calibration curve
321 Note 2 to entry: For a material measure, the indication is its nominal or stated value
322 Note 3 to entry: The indication depends on the output format of the instrument:
323 – for analogue outputs it is a number tied to the appropriate unit of the display;
324 – for digital outputs it is the displayed digitized number;
325 – for code outputs it is the identification of the code pattern.
326 Note 4 to entry: For analogue outputs meant to be read by a human observer (as in the index-on-scale
327 instruments) the unit of output in the unit of scale numbering; for analogue outputs meant to be read by another
328 instrument (as in calibrated transducers) the unit of output is the unit of measurement of the quantity supporting
329 the output signal.
330 Note 5 to entry: It is the assigned value for a resistor, the measure-value stated in document (see Sub-clause 9.1
331 p)) for a single or a multiple resistor of classes 0.00005. 0.01, or the nominal value for a single or a multiple
332 resistor of classes 0.01.10.
333 [SOURCE: IEC 60359:2001, 3.1.5, modified – Note 5 to entry has been added.]
334 3.2.5
335 indicated value
336 value given by an indicating instrument on the basis of its calibration curve
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337 Note 1 to entry: The indicated value is the measure-value of the measurand when the instrument is used in a
338 direct measurement under all the operating conditions for which the calibration diagram is valid.
339 [SOURCE: IEC 60359:2001, 3.1.9,]
340 3.2.6
341 stability of measuring instrument
342 stability
343 property of a measuring instrument, whereby its metrological properties remain constant in
344 time
345 EXAMPLE 1 In terms of the duration of a time interval over which a metrological property changes by a stated
346 amount.
347 EXAMPLE 2 In terms of the change of property over a stated time interval.
348 Note 1 to entry: Stability may be quantified in several ways.
349 Note 2 to entry: For resistor, stability is quantified in the change of resistance measure-value over a year. In this
350 document, it is expressed in relative form divided by the resistance measure-value.
351 [SOURCE: ISO/IEC GUIDE 99:2007, 4.19, modified – Note 2 to entry has been added.]
352 3.3 Accuracy class, class index
353 3.3.1
354 accuracy class
355 category of measuring instruments, all of which are intended to comply with a set of
356 specifications regarding uncertainty
357 Note 1 to entry: An accuracy class always specifies a limit of uncertainty (for a given range of influence
358 quantities), whatever other metrological characteristics it specifies.
359 Note 2 to entry: An instrument may be assigned to different accuracy classes for different rated operating
360 conditions.
361 Note 3 to entry: Unless otherwise specified, the limit of uncertainty defining an accuracy class is meant as an
362 interval with coverage factor 2.
363 Note 4 to entry: Accuracy class of a resistor is defined by the limits of intrinsic relative uncertainty, the limits of
364 relative stability and the limits of variations due to influence quantities.
365 [SOURCE: IEC 60359:2001, 3.3.7, modified - Note 4 to entry has been added.]
366 3.3.2
367 class index
368 conventional designation of an accuracy class by a number or symbol
369 [SOURCE: IEC 60050-311:2001, 311-06-10]
370 3.4 Influence quantities, reference conditions, nominal range of use
371 3.4.1
372 influence quantity
373 quantity which is not the subject of the measurement and whose change affects the
374 relationship between the indication and the result of the measurement
375 Note 1 to entry: Influence quantities can originate from the measured system, the measuring equipment or the
376 environment.
377 Note 2 to entry: As the calibration diagram depends on the influence quantities, in order to assign the result of a
378 measurement it is necessary to know whether the relevant influence quantities lie within the specified range.
379 Note 3 to entry: An influence quantity is said to lie within a range C' to C" when the results of its measurement
380 satisfy the relationship: C' ≤ V – U < V + U ≤ C" .
381 [SOURCE: IEC 60359:2001,3.1.14]
382 3.4.2
383 reference conditions
384 appropriate set of specified values and/or ranges of values of influence quantities under which
385 the smallest permissible uncertainties of a measuring instrument are specified
386 Note 1 to entry: The ranges specified for the reference conditions, called reference ranges, are not wider, and
387 are usually narrower, than the ranges specified for the rated operating conditions.
388 [SOURCE: IEC 60359:2001, 3.3.10]
389 3.4.3
390 reference value
391 specified value of one of a set of reference conditions
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