SIST EN ISO 12782-2:2013
(Main)Soil quality - Parameters for geochemical modelling of leaching and speciation of constituents in soils and materials - Part 2: Extraction of crystalline iron oxides and hydroxides with dithionite (ISO 12782-2:2012)
Soil quality - Parameters for geochemical modelling of leaching and speciation of constituents in soils and materials - Part 2: Extraction of crystalline iron oxides and hydroxides with dithionite (ISO 12782-2:2012)
This part of ISO 12782 is applicable to determine the content of "reactive" iron in the form of crystralline iron oxides and hydroxides in soil and materials by extraction with dithionite. Materials also include waste as given in the Introduction. The content of "reactive" iron can be used as input in geochemical models to represent the content of crystalline iron (hydr)oxides.
Bodenbeschaffenheit - Parameter zur geochemischen Modellierung der Elution und Speziation von Bestandteilen in Böden und Materialien - Teil 2: Extraktion von kristallinen Eisenoxiden und -hydroxiden mittels Dithionit (ISO 12782-2:2012)
Der vorliegende Teil der ISO 12782 gilt für die Bestimmung des Gehalts an „reaktivem“ Eisen in Form von
kristallinen Eisenoxiden und Eisenhydroxiden im Boden und in Materialien durch Extraktion mittels Dithionit.
Wie bereits in der Einleitung erwähnt, schließen Materialien ebenfalls Abfall ein. Der Gehalt an „reaktivem“
Eisen kann als Vorgabe in geochemischen Modellen verwendet werden, um den Gehalt an kristallinen
Eisen(hydr)oxiden darzustellen.
ANMERKUNG Obwohl die Extraktion mittels Ammoniumoxalat-Oxalsäure (Teil 3 dieser Internationalen Norm) im
Allgemeinen zur Einschätzung von „reaktivem“ Eisen in Form von Eisenoxiden und Eisenhydroxiden verwendet wird, hat
der vorliegende Teil der ISO 12782 in Verbindung mit Teil 1 dieser Internationalen Norm gezeigt, dass sie im Hinblick auf
die Extraktion von kristallinen und amorphen Eisen(hydr)oxiden viel spezifischer sind [3].
Qualité du sol - Paramètres pour la modélisation géochimique de la lixiviation et de la spéciation des constituants des sols et des matériaux - Partie 2: Extraction des oxydes et hydroxydes de fer cristallin avec le dithionite (ISO 12782-2:2012)
L'ISO 12782-2:2012 spécifie la détermination de la teneur en fer «réactif» présent sous forme d'oxydes et d'hydroxydes de fer cristallin dans le sol et autres matériaux par extraction avec le dithionite. Les autres matériaux incluent également les déchets. La teneur en fer «réactif» peut être utilisée comme une donnée d'entrée dans les modèles géochimiques pour représenter la teneur en oxydes et hydroxydes de fer cristallin.
Kakovost tal - Parametri geokemijskega modeliranja izpiranja in speciacija sestavin v tleh in talnih materialih - 2. del: Ekstrakcija kristaliničnih železovih oksidov in hidroksidov z ditionitom (ISO 12782-2:2012)
Ta del standarda ISO 12782 se uporablja za določevanje vsebnosti »reaktivnega« železa v obliki kristaliničnih železovih oksidov in hidroksidov v tleh in talnih materialih z ekstrakcijo z ditionitom. Med materiale spadajo tudi odpadki, opisani v uvodu. Vsebnost »reaktivnega« železa je mogoče uporabiti kot vnos v geokemijskih modelih, pri čemer predstavlja vsebnost kristaliničnih železovih (hidr)oksidov.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 12782-2:2013
01-maj-2013
.DNRYRVWWDO3DUDPHWULJHRNHPLMVNHJDPRGHOLUDQMDL]SLUDQMDLQVSHFLDFLMD
VHVWDYLQYWOHKLQWDOQLKPDWHULDOLKGHO (NVWUDNFLMDNULVWDOLQLþQLKåHOH]RYLK
RNVLGRYLQKLGURNVLGRY]GLWLRQLWRP ,62
Soil quality - Parameters for geochemical modelling of leaching and speciation of
constituents in soils and materials - Part 2: Extraction of crystalline iron oxides and
hydroxides with dithionite (ISO 12782-2:2012)
Bodenbeschaffenheit - Parameter zur geochemischen Modellierung der Elution und
Speziation von Bestandteilen in Böden und Materialien - Teil 2: Extraktion von
kristallinen Eisenoxiden und -hydroxiden mittels Dithionit (ISO 12782-2:2012)
Qualité du sol - Paramètres pour la modélisation géochimique de la lixiviation et de la
spéciation des constituants des sols et des matériaux - Partie 2: Extraction des oxydes et
hydroxydes de fer cristallin avec le dithionite (ISO 12782-2:2012)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 12782-2:2012
ICS:
13.080.10 .HPLMVNH]QDþLOQRVWLWDO Chemical characteristics of
soils
SIST EN ISO 12782-2:2013 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN ISO 12782-2:2013
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SIST EN ISO 12782-2:2013
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN ISO 12782-2
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
June 2012
ICS 13.080.05
English Version
Soil quality - Parameters for geochemical modelling of leaching
and speciation of constituents in soils and materials - Part 2:
Extraction of crystalline iron oxides and hydroxides with
dithionite (ISO 12782-2:2012)
Qualité du sol - Paramètres pour la modélisation
Bodenbeschaffenheit - Parameter zur geochemischen
géochimique de la lixiviation et de la spéciation des Modellierung der Elution und Speziation von Bestandteilen
constituants des sols et des matériaux - Partie 2: Extraction in Böden und Materialien - Teil 2: Extraktion von
des oxydes et hydroxydes de fer cristallin avec le dithionite Eisenoxiden und -hydroxiden mittels Dithionit (ISO 12782-
(ISO 12782-2:2012) 2:2012)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 31 May 2012.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same
status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2012 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 12782-2:2012: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST EN ISO 12782-2:2013
EN ISO 12782-2:2012 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword .3
2
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SIST EN ISO 12782-2:2013
EN ISO 12782-2:2012 (E)
Foreword
This document (EN ISO 12782-2:2012) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 190 "Soil quality"
in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 345 “Characterization of soils” the secretariat of which is
held by NEN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2012, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn
at the latest by December 2012.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 12782-2:2012 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 12782-2:2012 without any
modification.
3
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SIST EN ISO 12782-2:2013
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SIST EN ISO 12782-2:2013
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 12782-2
First edition
2012-06-01
Soil quality — Parameters for geochemical
modelling of leaching and speciation of
constituents in soils and materials —
Part 2:
Extraction of crystalline iron oxides and
hydroxides with dithionite
Qualité du sol — Paramètres pour la modélisation géochimique de la
lixiviation et de la spéciation des constituants des sols et des matériaux —
Partie 2: Extraction des oxydes et hydroxydes de fer cristallin avec
le dithionite
Reference number
ISO 12782-2:2012(E)
©
ISO 2012
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SIST EN ISO 12782-2:2013
ISO 12782-2:2012(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2012
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s
member body in the country of the requester.
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E-mail copyright@iso.org
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Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 12782-2:2013
ISO 12782-2:2012(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Principle . 2
5 Apparatus . 3
6 Reagents . 3
7 Sample pretreatment . 4
7.1 Sample size . 4
7.2 Particle size reduction . 4
7.3 Determination of the water content . 5
8 Procedure . 5
8.1 Preparation of the extraction solution . 5
8.2 Extraction . 5
8.3 Analytical determination . 5
9 Calculation . 6
10 Expression of results . 6
11 Test report . 6
Annex A (informative) Conditions regarding centrifugation . 7
Bibliography .10
© ISO 2012 – All rights reserved iii
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SIST EN ISO 12782-2:2013
ISO 12782-2:2012(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International
Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 12782-2 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 190, Soil quality, Subcommittee SC 7, Soil and
site assessment.
ISO 12782 consists of the following parts, under the general title Soil quality — Parameters for geochemical
modelling of leaching and speciation of constituents in soils and materials:
— Part 1: Extraction of amorphous iron oxides and hydroxides with ascorbic acid
— Part 2: Extraction of crystalline iron oxides and hydroxides with dithionite
— Part 3: Extraction of aluminium oxides and hydroxides with ammonium oxalate/oxalic acid
— Part 4: Extraction of humic substances from solid samples
— Part 5: Extraction of humic substances from aqueous samples
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SIST EN ISO 12782-2:2013
ISO 12782-2:2012(E)
Introduction
In addition to leaching procedures for subsequent chemical and ecotoxicological testing of soil and other
materials including waste, predictive models are becoming indispensable tools in the environmental risk
assessment of these materials. Models are particularly required when the results of laboratory leaching tests
are to be translated to specific scenarios in the field, with regard to assessing the risks of both contaminant
migration and bioavailability.
In the past few years, geochemical models have been shown to be valuable tools to be combined with the
data obtained from characterization leaching standards, such as pH-dependence and percolation tests. These
models have the advantage of being based on fundamental thermodynamic parameters that have general
validity. In order to enable extrapolation of laboratory leaching data to the mobility and/or bioavailability of
a constituent in a specific field scenario, these models require additional input parameters for specific soil
properties (see Figure 1).
Key
1 experiment
2 geochemical speciation modelling
3 available metal concentration
4 dissolved humic substances
5 reactive (solid) surfaces
6 database with stability constants
7 computer program
8 assumptions
Figure 1 — Relationships between experimental data, as obtained from laboratory
leaching/extraction tests, and geochemical modelling of the speciation of a heavy metal
in the environment (modified after M. Gfeller & R. Schulin, ETH, Zürich)
Characterization leaching standards provide information on the concentrations of the contaminant of interest as
a function of, in particular, pH and liquid/solid (L/S) ratio. In addition, a more complete analysis of the leachates
also provides information on the major ion composition and dissolved organic carbon (DOC), parameters that
are particularly important for the chemical speciation of constituents through processes such as precipitation,
complexation and competition for adsorption on reactive mineral and organic surfaces in the soil. As illustrated
© ISO 2012 – All rights reserved v
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SIST EN ISO 12782-2:2013
ISO 12782-2:2012(E)
in Figure 1 for the example of copper, geochemical modelling permits calculation of the metal distribution
among these different chemical species in the system of interest. This provides necessary information for risk-
assessment purposes, as these different chemical forms play distinct roles in the mobility and bioavailability
of the metal in the soil. In addition to information obtained from the leaching standards (in their current state of
development/definition), two additional types of information are required.
a) The “available” (sometimes also referred to as “active” or “exchangeable”) concentration of the constituent
in the solid phase, as opposed to the total concentration determined by acid destruction of the solid matrix.
This “available” concentration can be obtained by leaching at low pH, a condition that can be obtained by
extending the pH range in the pH-dependent leaching test (ISO/TS 21268-4) down to pH ≈ 0,5 to pH ≈ 1.
b) The concentration of reactive organic and mineral surfaces in the soil, which constitute the major binding
(adsorption) sites for most constituents in the soil matrix.
The major reactive surfaces that control the binding of constituents by sorption processes to the soil matrix
are particulate organic matter and iron and aluminium (hydr)oxides. It is generally accepted that the reactivity
of these mineral and organic surfaces can strongly vary as a function of their specific surface area/crystallinity
[iron and aluminium (hydr)oxides] and composition (organic matter). When the results are intended to be used
for the above-described purposes of geochemical modelling in conjunction with leaching tests, it is important
that the methods be selective for reactive surfaces for which generic thermodynamic adsorption parameters
are also available for the most important major and trace elements.
These reactive surfaces have been identified in soils as well as in a variety of other materials for which the
leaching of constituents is of relevance. It has been shown that the binding properties of these surfaces play
a generic role in the speciation and leaching of constituents among these different materials. As an example,
a similar geochemical modelling approach, using model input from the partial or complete ISO 12782 series,
[5] [6][7] [8]
has been successfully applied to different soils , amended soils , municipal incinerator bottom ash , steel
[9][10] [11] [12]
slag , bauxite residues , and recycled concrete aggregate . Hence, the scope of the ISO12782 series
extends from soils to materials including soil amendments and waste materials.
This part of ISO 12782 aims to determine crystalline iron (hydr)oxides in soil and materials. The procedure is
based on References [13] and [14] and described in Reference [15]. Although generic thermodynamic adsorption
parameters for crystalline iron (hydr)oxides are currently available for a limited number of constituents, such
parameters for a wider variety of constituents are available for amorphous iron (hydr)oxides with similar
[16]
structure and properties . These parameters have been successfully applied to crystalline iron (hydr)oxides,
as justified and demonstrated in Reference [17].
Thermodynamic parameters for adsorption models other than those used in Reference [16] are also available
in the literature and may also be used to model the binding of constituents to crystalline iron (hydr)oxides.
Iron can be present in several forms in soils, of which the most important for the binding of trace constituents
are well-crystallized and insoluble oxides and hydroxides (e.g. goethite, haematite, magnetite) and the poorly
ordered, more soluble oxides and hydroxides (e.g. ferrihydrite, hydrous ferric oxide). Amorphous and crystalline
forms have a different reactivity towards binding of trace constituents as a result of differences in specific
surface areas and characteristics of the binding “sites” on the surface.
vi © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 12782-2:2013
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 12782-2:2012(E)
Soil quality — Parameters for geochemical modelling of
leaching and speciation of constituents in soils and materials —
Part 2:
Extraction of crystalline iron oxides and hydroxides with dithionite
1 Scope
This part of ISO 12782 specifies the determination of the content of “reactive” iron in the form of crystralline
iron oxides and hydroxides in soil and other materials by extraction with dithionite. Other materials also include
waste. The content of “reactive” iron can be used as input in geochemical models to represent the content of
crystalline iron (hydr)oxides.
NOTE Although the ammonium oxalate/oxalic acid extraction (ISO 12782-3) is commonly used to estimate “reactive”
iron in the form of iron oxides and hydroxides, this part of ISO 12782, in conjunction with ISO 12782-1, has been shown to
[7]
be more specific for the extraction of crystalline and amorphous iron (hydr)oxides, respectively .
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document
(including any amendments) applies.
ISO 3696, Water for analytical laboratory use — Specification and test methods
ISO 5667-3, Water quality — Sampling — Part 3: Preservation and handling of water samples
ISO 10381-1, Soil quality — Sampling — Part 1: Guidance on the design of sampling programmes
ISO 10381-2, Soil quality — Sampling — Part 2: Guidance on sampling techniques
ISO 10381-3, Soil quality — Sampling — Part 3: Guidance on safety
ISO 10381-4, Soil quality — Sampling — Part 4: Guidance on the procedure for investigation of natural, near-
natural and cultivated sites
ISO 10381-5, Soil quality — Sampling — Part 5: Guidance on the procedure for the investigation of urban and
industrial sites with regard to soil contamination
ISO 10381-6, Soil quality — Sampling — Part 6: Guidance on the collection, handling and storage of soil under
aerobic conditions for the assessment of microbiological processes, biomass and diversity in the laboratory
ISO 11464, Soil quality — Pretreatment of samples for physico-chemical analysis
ISO 11465, Soil quality — Determi
...
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