M/330 - Sludge, biowaste and soil

This draft European Standard specifies a method for quantitative determination of 17 2,3,7,8-chlorine substituted dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls in sludge, treated biowaste and soil using liquid column chromatographic clean-up methods and GC/HRMS.
The analytes to be determined with this European Standard are listed in Table 1.
(...)
The limit of detection depends on the kind of sample, the congener, the equipment used and the quality of chemicals used for extraction and clean-up. Under the conditions specified in this European Standard, limits of detection better than 1 ng/kg (expressed as dry matter) can be achieved.
This method is "performance based". It is allowed to modify the method if all performance criteria given in this method are met.
NOTE   In principle this method can also be applied for sediments, mineral wastes and for vegetation. It is the responsibility of the user of this European Standard to validate the application for these matrices. For measurement in complex matrices like fly ashes adsorbed on vegetation it can be necessary to further improve the clean-up. This can also apply to sediments and mineral wastes.

This draft European Standard specifies a method for quantitative determination of 17 2,3,7,8-chlorine substituted dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls in sludge, treated biowaste and soil using liquid column chromatographic clean-up methods and GC/HRMS.
The analytes to be determined with this European Standard are listed in Table 1.
(...)
The limit of detection depends on the kind of sample, the congener, the equipment used and the quality of chemicals used for extraction and clean-up. Under the conditions specified in this European Standard, limits of detection better than 1 ng/kg (expressed as dry matter) can be achieved.
This method is "performance based". It is allowed to modify the method if all performance criteria given in this method are met.
NOTE   In principle this method can also be applied for sediments, mineral wastes and for vegetation. It is the responsibility of the user of this European Standard to validate the application for these matrices. For measurement in complex matrices like fly ashes adsorbed on vegetation it can be necessary to further improve the clean-up. This can also apply to sediments and mineral wastes.

This European Standard specifies the quantitative determination of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) (see Table 2) in sludge, soil and treated biowaste using GC-MS and HPLC-UV-DAD/FLD covering a wide range of PAH contamination levels (see also Annex B).
When using fluorescence detection, acenaphthylene cannot be measured.
(...)
The limit of detection depends on the determinants, the equipment used, the quality of chemicals used for the extraction of the sample and the clean-up of the extract.
Typically, a lower limit of application of 0,01 mg/kg (expressed as dry matter) can be ensured for each individual PAH. This depends on instrument and sample.
Sludge, soil and treated biowaste can differ in properties and also in the expected contamination levels of PAHs and presence of interfering substances. These differences make it impossible to describe one general procedure. This European Standard contains decision tables based on the properties of the sample and the extraction and clean-up procedure to be used. Two general lines are followed, an agitation procedure (shaking) or use of soxhlet/pressurized liquid extraction.
NOTE   Other PAH compounds can also be analysed with this method, provided suitability has been proven.

This European Standard specifies the quantitative determination of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) (see Table 2) in sludge, soil and treated biowaste using GC-MS and HPLC-UV-DAD/FLD covering a wide range of PAH contamination levels (see also Annex B).
When using fluorescence detection, acenaphthylene cannot be measured.
The limit of detection depends on the determinants, the equipment used, the quality of chemicals used for the extraction of the sample and the clean-up of the extract.
Typically, a lower limit of application of 0,01 mg/kg (expressed as dry matter) can be ensured for each individual PAH. This depends on instrument and sample.
Sludge, soil and treated biowaste can differ in properties and also in the expected contamination levels of PAHs and presence of interfering substances. These differences make it impossible to describe one general procedure. This European Standard contains decision tables based on the properties of the sample and the extraction and clean-up procedure to be used. Two general lines are followed, an agitation procedure (shaking) or use of soxhlet/pressurized liquid extraction.
NOTE   Other PAH compounds can also be analysed with this method, provided suitability has been proven.

This Technical Specification specifies a test procedure for the determination of the content of unwanted viable weed seeds and plant propagules in growing media and soil improvers (see also Annex B for validation results). The method in general is also applicable to soils and sludges.

This Technical Specification specifies a method to determine the physical impurities > 2 mm and stones > 5 mm in sludge, treated biowaste and soil. Fragments of wood or bark can be acceptable constituents of the sample.

This Technical Specification specifies a method to determine the physical impurities > 2 mm and stones > 5 mm in sludge, treated biowaste and soil.
Fragments of wood or bark can be acceptable constituents of the sample.

This Technical Specification specifies a test procedure for the determination of the content of unwanted viable weed seeds and plant propagules in growing media and soil improvers (see also Annex B for validation results).
The method in general is also applicable to soils and sludges.

This Technical Report specifies three methods for the detection and enumeration of Escherichia coli in sludge, treated biowaste and soil:
- Method A - Membrane filtration method for quantification (see Clause 6);
- Method B - Miniaturised method (Most Probable Number, MPN) by inoculation in liquid medium (see Clause 7);
- Method C - Macromethod (Most Probable Number) in liquid medium (see Clause 8).

This Technical Specification specifies a method for the determination of the specific electrical conductivity in aqueous suspensions of sludge (fresh), treated biowaste (fresh) or soil (fresh or air-dry).

The determination of the specific electrical conductivity is carried out to obtain an indication of the content of water-soluble electrolytes in soil, treated biowaste and sludge.
WARNING — Persons using this Technical Specification should be familiar with usual laboratory practice. This Technical Specification does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to ensure compliance with any national regulatory conditions.
IMPORTANT — It is absolutely essential that tests conducted according to this Technical Specification be carried out by suitably trained staff.

This Technical Report specifies three methods for the detection and enumeration of Escherichia coli in sludge, treated biowaste and soil:
-   Method A - Membrane filtration method for quantification (see Clause 6);
-   Method B - Miniaturised method (Most Probable Number, MPN) by inoculation in liquid medium (see Clause 7);
-   Method C - Macromethod (Most Probable Number) in liquid medium (see Clause 8).

This European Standard specifies a method for microwave digestion of sludge, treated biowaste and soil using nitric acid. This method is applicable for microwave-assisted nitric acid digestion of sludge, treated biowaste and soils for the following elements: Aluminium (Al), arsenic (As), barium (Ba), beryllium (Be), bismuth (Bi), boron (B), cadmium (Cd), calcium (Ca), cerium (Ce), cesium (Cs), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), dysprosium (Dy), erbium (Er), europium (Eu), gadolinium (Gd), gallium (Ga), germanium (Ge), gold (Au), hafnium (Hf), holmium (Ho), indium (In), iridium (Ir), iron (Fe), lanthanum (La), lead (Pb), lithium (Li), lutetium (Lu), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), mercury (Hg), molybdenum (Mo), neodymium (Nd), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), phosphorus (P), platinum (Pt), potassium (K), praseodymium (Pr), rubidium (Rb), rhenium (Re), rhodium (Rh), ruthenium (Ru), samarium (Sm), scandium (Sc), selenium (Se), silicon (Si), sodium (Na), strontium (Sr), sulphur (S), tellurium (Te), terbium (Tb), thallium (Tl), thorium (Th), thulium (Tm), titanium (Ti), tungsten (W), uranium (U), vanadium (V), ytterbium (Yb), yttrium (Y), zinc (Zn), and zirconium (Zr). This European Standard may also be applicable for the digestion of other elements. Digestion with nitric acid will not necessarily accomplish total decomposition of the sample. The extracted analyte concentrations may not necessarily reflect the total content in the sample.

This European Standard specifies the determination of total nitrogen (organic and inorganic) according to the procedure of Dumas in sludge, treated biowaste and soil. A typical limit of detection is 0,02 % nitrogen, and a typical limit of quantification is 0,08 % nitrogen.

This European Standard specifies the pretreatment required for sludge, treated biowaste and soil (including soil-like materials), that are subject to the analysis of organic as well as inorganic chemical and physicochemical parameters. The pretreatment of samples aims at preparing a (small) test sample which is representative for the original sample. This European Standard describes the pretreatment which could be performed under field conditions if necessary and the sample pretreatment under laboratory conditions. For determining inorganic chemical and physico-chemical parameters this European Standard describes procedures to prepare: - test samples for tests under field moist conditions; - test samples for testing after drying, crushing, grinding, sieving etc.; - test samples of liquid sludge. For determination of organic compounds three pretreatment methods are specified: - a pretreatment method if volatile organic compounds are to be measured; - a pretreatment method if moderately volatile to non-volatile organic compounds are to be measured and the result of the following analysis will be accurate and reproducible; - a pretreatment method if moderately volatile to non-volatile organic compounds are to be measured and the extraction procedure prescribes a field moist sample or if only indicative results are required. The choice of the method depends above all on the volatility of the analyte. It also depends on the particle size distribution of the material, the heterogeneity of the sample and the following analytical procedure.

This European Standard specifies the determination of Kjeldahl nitrogen according to the Kjeldahl procedure in sludge, treated biowaste and soil. Nitrate and nitrite are not included. Compounds with nitrogen bound in N-N, N-O linkages and some heterocycles (pyridines) are only partially determined. The limit of detection (LOD) is usually 0,03 % nitrogen, and the limit of quantification (LOQ) is 0,1 % nitrogen (using 0,25 mol/l sulfuric acid for titration).

This European Standard specifies an empirical method for the direct determination of organically bound chlorine, bromine and iodine (but not fluorine) adsorbed and occluded to the sample matrix. Non-volatile organically bound halogens adsorbable on activated carbon present in the aqueous phase of the sample prior to drying or adsorbed to sample surface are included in the determination. This European Standard is intended for analysis of sludge, treated biowaste or soil in concentrations ranging from 5 mg/kg dry matter to approximately 6 g/kg dry matter. The exact concentration range covered depends on the instrument used for determination.

This European Standard specifies the pretreatment required for sludge, treated biowaste and soil (including soil-like materials), that are subject to the analysis of organic as well as inorganic chemical and physicochemical parameters. The pretreatment of samples aims at preparing a (small) test sample which is representative for the original sample. This European Standard describes the pretreatment which could be performed under field conditions if necessary and the sample pretreatment under laboratory conditions. For determining inorganic chemical and physico-chemical parameters this European Standard describes procedures to prepare: - test samples for tests under field moist conditions; - test samples for testing after drying, crushing, grinding, sieving etc.; - test samples of liquid sludge. For determination of organic compounds three pretreatment methods are specified: - a pretreatment method if volatile organic compounds are to be measured; - a pretreatment method if moderately volatile to non-volatile organic compounds are to be measured and the result of the following analysis will be accurate and reproducible; - a pretreatment method if moderately volatile to non-volatile organic compounds are to be measured and the extraction procedure prescribes a field moist sample or if only indicative results are required. The choice of the method depends above all on the volatility of the analyte. It also depends on the particle size distribution of the material, the heterogeneity of the sample and the following analytical procedure.

This European Standard specifies two methods for the determination of total organic carbon (TOC) in sludge, treated biowaste, soil, waste and sediment samples containing more than 1 g carbon per kg of dry matter (0,1 %). For sludge, treated biowaste and soil only Method A is validated.

This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of pH within the range pH 2 to pH 12 in a suspension of sludge, treated biowaste or soil in either water (pH-H2O), or a 0,01 mol/l calcium chloride solution (pH-CaCl2). This European Standard is applicable to sludge, treated biowaste and fresh or air-dry soil samples.

This European Standard specifies methods for the calculation of the dry matter fraction of sludge, treated biowaste, soil and waste for which the results of performed analysis are to be calculated to the dry matter basis. Depending on the nature and origin of the sample, the calculation is based on a determination of the dry residue (Method A) or a determination of the water content (Method B). It applies to samples containing more than 1 % (mass fraction) of dry residue or more than 1 % (mass fraction) of water. Method A applies to sludge, treated biowaste, soil and solid waste. Method B applies to liquid waste and to samples which are suspected or known to contain volatiles except for water.

This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of the loss on ignition (LOI) of dry matter at 550 °C. The dry matter is determined according to EN 15934. This method applies to the determination of loss on ignition of sludge, treated biowaste, soil and waste. The LOI of sediments can also be determined with this method.

This European Standard specifies methods for the calculation of the dry matter of sludge, treated biowaste, soil and waste for which the results of performed analysis are to be calculated to the dry matter basis. Depending on the nature and origin of the sample, the calculation is based on a determination of the dry residue (Method A) or a determination of the water content (Method B). It applies to samples containing more than 1 % (mass fraction) of dry residue or more than 1 % (mass fraction) of water.
Method A applies to sludge, treated biowaste, soil and solid waste, Method B applies to liquid waste and to samples which are suspected or known to contain volatiles except for water.

This European Standard specifies two methods for the determination of total organic carbon (TOC) in sludge, treated biowaste, soil, waste and sediment samples containing more than 1 g carbon per kg of dry matter (0,1 %).
When present, elementary carbon, carbides, cyanides, cyanates, isocyanates, isothiocyanates and thio-cyanates are determined as organic carbon using the methods described in this European Standard. An interpretation of the measured value may therefore be problematic in cases where the samples contain relevant levels of the above mentioned components. If necessary, these components should be determined separately by means of a suitable validated procedure and be recorded in the test report.
For sludge, treated biowaste and soil only Method A is validated.

This European Standard specifies a method for microwave digestion of sludge, treated biowaste and soil using nitric acid.
This method is applicable for microwave-assisted nitric acid digestion of sludge, treated biowaste and soils for the following elements:
Aluminium (Al), antimony (Sb), arsenic (As), barium (Ba), beryllium (Be), bismuth (Bi), boron (B), cadmium (Cd), calcium (Ca), cerium (Ce), cesium (Cs), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), dysprosium (Dy), erbium (Er), europium (Eu), gadolinium (Gd), gallium (Ga), germanium (Ge), gold (Au), hafnium (Hf), holmium (Ho), indium (In), iridium (Ir), iron (Fe), lanthanum (La), lead (Pb), lithium (Li), lutetium (Lu), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), mercury (Hg), molybdenum (Mo), neodymium (Nd), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), phosphorus (P), platinum (Pt), potassium (K), praseodymium (Pr), rubidium (Rb), rhenium (Re), rhodium (Rh), ruthenium (Ru), samarium (Sm), scandium (Sc), selenium (Se), silicon (Si), sodium (Na), strontium (Sr), sulphur (S), tellurium (Te), terbium (Tb), thallium (Tl), thorium (Th), thulium (Tm), tin (Sn), titanium (Ti), tungsten (W), uranium (U), vanadium (V), ytterbium (Yb), yttrium (Y), zinc (Zn), and zirconium (Zr).
This European Standard may also be applicable for the digestion of other elements.
Digestion with nitric acid will not necessarily accomplish total decomposition of the sample. The extracted analyte concentrations may not necessarily reflect the total content in the sample.

This European Standard specifies the determination of total nitrogen (organic and inorganic) according to the procedure of Dumas in sludge, treated biowaste and soil. A typical limit of detection is 0,02 % nitrogen, and a typical limit of quantification is 0,08 % nitrogen.

This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of the loss on ignition (LOI) of dry matter at 550 °C. The dry matter is determined according to EN 15934.
This method applies to the determination of loss on ignition of sludge, treated biowaste, soil and waste. The LOI of sediments can also be determined with this method.
NOTE   The loss on ignition is often used as an estimate for the content of organic matter in the sample. It should be noted that inorganic substances or decomposition products (e.g. H2O, CO2, SO2, O2) are released or absorbed and some inorganic substances are volatile under the reaction conditions.

This European Standard specifies two methods for digestion of sludge, treated biowaste and soil by the use of aqua regia as digestion solution.
This European Standard is applicable for the following elements:
Aluminium (Al), antimony (Sb), arsenic (As), barium (Ba), beryllium (Be), bismuth (Bi), boron (B), cadmium (Cd), calcium (Ca), cerium (Ce), cesium (Cs), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), dysprosium (Dy), erbium (Er), europium (Eu), gadolinium (Gd), gallium (Ga), germanium (Ge), gold (Au), hafnium (Hf), holmium (Ho), indium (In), iridium (Ir), iron (Fe), lanthanum (La), lead (Pb), lithium (Li), lutetium (Lu), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), mercury (Hg), molybdenum (Mo), neodymium (Nd), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), phosphorus (P), platinum (Pt), potassium (K), praseodymium (Pr), rubidium (Rb), rhenium (Re), rhodium (Rh), ruthenium (Ru), samarium (Sm), scandium (Sc), selenium (Se), silicon (Si), silver (Ag), sodium (Na), strontium (Sr), sulphur (S), tellurium (Te), terbium (Tb), thallium (Tl), thorium (Th), thulium (Tm), tin (Sn), titanium (Ti), tungsten (W), uranium (U), vanadium (V), ytterbium (Yb), yttrium (Y), zinc (Zn), and zirconium (Zr).
This European Standard may also be applicable for the digestion of other elements.
Digestion with aqua regia will not necessarily accomplish total decomposition of the sample. The extracted analyte concentrations may not necessarily reflect the total content in the sample.

This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of pH within the range pH 2 to pH 12 in a suspension of sludge, treated biowaste or soil in either water (pH H2O), or a 0,01 mol/l calcium chloride solution (pH CaCl2).
This European Standard is applicable to sludge, treated biowaste and fresh or air-dry soil samples.

This European Standard specifies the pretreatment required for sludge, treated biowaste and soil (including soil-like materials), that are subject to the analysis of organic as well as inorganic chemical and physico-chemical parameters.
The pretreatment of samples aims at preparing a (small) test sample which is representative for the original sample.
This European Standard describes the pretreatment which could be performed under field conditions if necessary (see Clause 8) and the sample pretreatment under laboratory conditions (Clause 10).
For determining inorganic chemical and physico-chemical parameters this European Standard describes procedures (see 10.2) to prepare:
-   test samples for tests under field moist conditions;
-   test samples for testing after drying, crushing, grinding, sieving etc.;
-   test samples of liquid sludge.
For determination of organic compounds three pretreatment methods are specified:
-   a pretreatment method if volatile organic compounds are to be measured (see 10.3.2);
-   a pretreatment method if moderately volatile to non-volatile organic compounds are to be measured and the result of the following analysis will be accurate and reproducible (see 10.3.3);
-   a pretreatment method if moderately volatile to non-volatile organic compounds are to be measured and the extraction procedure prescribes a field moist sample or if only indicative results are required (see 10.3.4).
The choice of the method depends above all on the volatility of the analyte. It also depends on the particle size distribution of the material (see Clause 5 and 8.3), the heterogeneity of the sample and the following analytical procedure.

This European Standard specifies the determination of Kjeldahl nitrogen according to the Kjeldahl procedure in sludge, treated biowaste and soil.
Nitrate and nitrite are not included.
Compounds with nitrogen bound in N-N, N-O linkages and some heterocycles (pyridines) are only partially determined.
The limit of detection (LOD) is usually 0,03 % nitrogen, and the limit of quantification (LOQ) is 0,1 % nitrogen (using 0,25 mol/l sulfuric acid for titration).

This European Standard describes an empirical method for the direct determination of organically bound chlorine, bromine and iodine (but not fluorine) adsorbed and occluded to the sample matrix. Non-volatile organically bound halogens adsorbable on activated carbon present in the aqueous phase of the sample prior to drying or adsorbed to sample surface are included in the determination.
This European Standard is intended for analysis of sludge, treated biowaste or soil in concentrations ranging from 5 mg/kg dry matter to approximately 6 g/kg dry matter. The exact concentration range covered depends on the instrument used for determination.

This Technical Specification specifies the determination of metals in aqua regia and nitric acid digests of sludge, treated biowaste and soil samples, using flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The method is applicable for the determination of the following elements:
Chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), Nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn).

This Technical Specification specifies a method for the determination of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) in sludge, treated biowaste and soil using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a fluorescence detector (FLD) or a mass selective detector (MS).
This Technical Specification specifies the determination of the sum of LAS. Under the conditions specified in this Technical Specification, typically a limit of detection of 20 mg/kg (expressed as dry matter) for sludge and of 0,2 mg/kg to 0,5 mg/kg for soil and treated biowaste may be achieved.
Lower limits of detection may be achieved by concentrating the extract by solvent evaporation.
NOTE   The single LAS homologues C10 to C14 can be determined by this Technical Specification.

This Technical Specification specifies a procedure for the determination of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in sludge, treated biowaste and soil after extraction with a 1 mol/l potassium chloride solution. The extraction method is suitable for fresh samples.
The determination of nitrogen fractions can be done manually or by automated methods.

This Technical Specification specifies a method for the determination of nonylphenols (NP), nonylphenol-monoethoxylates (NP1EO) and nonylphenol-diethoxylates (NP2EO) in sludge using GC-MS.
For sludge a limit of detection of 0,1 mg/kg and for soil and treated bio-waste 0,02 mg/kg (expressed as dry matter) may be achieved.
Lower limits of detection may be achieved by concentrating the extract by solvent evaporation.
NOTE   4-tert-octylphenol can also be analysed with this method.

This Technical Specification specifies a method for the determination of selected phthalates in sludge, treated biowaste and soil, after extraction and gas chromatographic analysis with mass spectrometric detection.
The method is applicable for the determination of phthalates (see Table 2) at the lowest mass content of 0,1 mg/kg to 0,5 mg/kg (expressed as dry matter), depending on the individual substance.
The applicability of the method to other phthalates not specified in Table 2 is not excluded except the isomeric mixtures e.g. DiNP (Di-isononylphthalate), but shall be verified in each case.

This Technical Specification specifies a method for the determination of selected phthalates in sludge, treated biowaste and soil, after extraction and gas chromatographic analysis with mass spectrometric detection.
The method is applicable for the determination of phthalates (see Table 2) at the lowest mass content of 0,1 mg/kg to 0,5 mg/kg (expressed as dry matter), depending on the individual substance.
The applicability of the method to other phthalates not specified in Table 2 is not excluded except the isomeric mixtures e.g. DiNP (Di-isononylphthalate), but shall be verified in each case.

This Technical Specification specifies a method for the determination of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) in sludge, treated biowaste and soil using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a fluorescence detector (FLD) or a mass selective detector (MS).
This Technical Specification specifies the determination of the sum of LAS. Under the conditions specified in this Technical Specification, typically a limit of detection of 20 mg/kg (expressed as dry matter) for sludge and of 0,2 mg/kg to 0,5 mg/kg for soil and treated biowaste may be achieved.
Lower limits of detection may be achieved by concentrating the extract by solvent evaporation.
NOTE   The single LAS homologues C10 to C14 can be determined by this Technical Specification.

This Technical Specification specifies a procedure for the determination of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in sludge, treated biowaste and soil after extraction with a 1 mol/l potassium chloride solution. The extraction method is suitable for fresh samples.
The determination of nitrogen fractions can be done manually or by automated methods.

This Technical Specification specifies the determination of metals in aqua regia and nitric acid digests of sludge, treated biowaste and soil samples, using flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The method is applicable for the determination of the following elements:
Chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), Nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn).

This Technical Specification specifies a method for the determination of nonylphenols (NP), nonylphenol-monoethoxylates (NP1EO) and nonylphenol-diethoxylates (NP2EO) in sludge using GC-MS.
For sludge a limit of detection of 0,1 mg/kg and for soil and treated bio-waste 0,02 mg/kg (expressed as dry matter) may be achieved.
Lower limits of detection may be achieved by concentrating the extract by solvent evaporation.
NOTE   4-tert-octylphenol can also be analysed with this method.

This European Standard describes an empirical method for the direct determination of organically bound chlorine, bromine and iodine (but not fluorine) adsorbed and occluded to the sample matrix. Non-volatile organically bound halogens adsorbable on activated carbon present in the aqueous phase of the sample prior to drying or adsorbed to sample surface are included in the determination.
This European Standard is intended for analysis of sludge, treated biowaste or soil in concentrations ranging from 5 mg/kg dry matter to approximately 6 g/kg dry matter. The exact concentration range covered depends on the instrument used for determination.

This European Standard specifies two methods for the determination of total organic carbon (TOC) in sludge, treated biowaste, soil, waste and sediment samples containing more than 1 g carbon per kg of dry matter (0,1 %).
When present, elementary carbon, carbides, cyanides, cyanates, isocyanates, isothiocyanates and thio-cyanates are determined as organic carbon using the methods described in this European Standard. An interpretation of the measured value may therefore be problematic in cases where the samples contain relevant levels of the above mentioned components. If necessary, these components should be determined separately by means of a suitable validated procedure and be recorded in the test report.
For sludge, treated biowaste and soil only Method A is validated.

This document specifies two methods for the determination of total organic carbon (TOC) in sludge, treated biowaste, soil, waste and sediment samples containing more than 1 g carbon per kg of dry matter (0,1 %).

This document specifies an empirical method for the direct determination of organically bound halogens adsorbable on activated carbon present in the aqueous phase of the sample prior to drying or adsorbed to sample surface.
This document is intended for analysis of sludge, treated biowaste, soil or sediments in concentrations ranging from 5 mg/kg dry matter. The upper limit and exact concentration range covered depend on the instrumentation used for determination.

This Technical Specification specifies a method to analyse pharmaceutical compounds in solid matrices. Pharmaceuticals analysis has been carried out on a LC/MS-MS quantum. The main difficulty in this project is the lack of sample certified in researched analytes. Even with spiked solid matrices it is still delicate to correctly verify the impact of extraction step, because it does not reproduce a real sample.
What is proposed here is an analytical method on pharmaceuticals products on sludge, soils and sediments.
This document provides a final protocol on the extraction and purification tested on sludge, soils and sediments spiked with pharmaceutical compounds.

This Technical Specification specifies the determination of trace elements in aqua regia or nitric acid digest solutions of sludge, treated biowaste and soil, using atomic absorption spectrometry with electrothermal atomisation in a graphite furnace. The method is applicable for the determination of the following elements: Arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), lead (Pb), antimony (Sb), thallium (Tl), vanadium (V). This method may be applied to other elements. The lower working range is approximately 0,1 mg/kg to 0,01 mg/kg, depending on the element to be determined.

This draft European Standard specifies a method for quantitative determination of seven selected polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB28, PCB52, PCB101, PCB118, PCB138, PCB153 and PCB180) in sludge, treated biowaste and soil using GC-MS and GC-ECD (see Table 2).
(...)
The limit of detection depends on the determinants, the equipment used, the quality of chemicals used for the extraction of the sample and the clean-up of the extract.
Under the conditions specified in this European Standard, limit of application of 1 µg/kg (expressed as dry matter) can be achieved.
Sludge and treated biowaste may differ in properties and also in the expected contamination levels of PCBs and presence of interfering substances. These differences make it impossible to describe one general procedure. This European Standard contains decision tables based on the properties of the sample and the extraction and clean-up procedure to be used.

This draft European Standard specifies a method for quantitative determination of seven selected polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB28, PCB52, PCB101, PCB118, PCB138, PCB153 and PCB180) in sludge, treated biowaste and soil using GC-MS and GC-ECD (see Table 2).
(...)
The limit of detection depends on the determinants, the equipment used, the quality of chemicals used for the extraction of the sample and the clean-up of the extract.
Under the conditions specified in this European Standard, limit of application of 1 µg/kg (expressed as dry matter) can be achieved.
Sludge and treated biowaste may differ in properties and also in the expected contamination levels of PCBs and presence of interfering substances. These differences make it impossible to describe one general procedure. This European Standard contains decision tables based on the properties of the sample and the extraction and clean-up procedure to be used.