SIST EN 62037-1:2012
(Main)Passive r.f. and microwave devices, intermodulation level measurement - Part 1: General requirements and measuring methods (IEC 62037-1:2012)
Passive r.f. and microwave devices, intermodulation level measurement - Part 1: General requirements and measuring methods (IEC 62037-1:2012)
This part of IEC 62037 deals with the general requirements and measuring methods for intermodulation (IM) level measurement of passive RF and microwave components, which can be caused by the presence of two or more transmitting signals. The test procedures given in this standard give the general requirements and measurement methods required to characterize the level of unwanted IM signals using two transmitting signals. The standards in this series address the measurement of PIM, but do not cover the long term reliability of a product with reference to its performance. This standard is to be used in conjunction with other appropriate part(s) of IEC 62037.
Passive HF- und Mikrowellenbauteile, Messung des Intermodulationspegels - Teil 1: Allgemeine Anforderungen und Messverfahren (IEC 62037-1:2012)
Dispositifs RF et à micro-ondes passifs, mesure du niveau d’intermodulation - Partie 1: Exigences générales et méthodes de mesure (CEI 62037-1:2012)
La CEI 62037-1:2012 est applicable aux exigences générales et méthodes de mesure pour la mesure du niveau d'intermodulation (IM) des composants RF et à micro-ondes passifs, qui peut être provoquée par la présence de deux ou plusieurs signaux d'émission. Les procédures d'essai présentées dans la cette norme donnent les exigences générales et les méthodes de mesure exigées pour caractériser le niveau des signaux d'intermodulation indésirables à l'aide de deux signaux d'émission. La présente série de normes concerne la mesure de l'intermodulation passive (PIM), mais ne couvre pas la fiabilité à long terme des produits par rapport à ses performances. La présente norme s'utilise conjointement avec les autres parties appropriées de la CEI 62037.
Pasivne radiofrekvenčne (rf) in mikrovalovne naprave, meritve intermodulacijskega nivoja - 1. del: Splošne zahteve in merilne metode (IEC 62037-1:2012)
Ta del standarda IEC 62037 obravnava splošne zahteve in merilne metode za meritve intermodulacijskega nivoja pasivne RF in mikrovalovne naprave, ki ga lahko povzroči prisotnost dveh ali več oddanih signalov. Preskusni postopki iz tega standarda določajo splošne zahteve in merilne metode, ki so potrebne za opis nivoja neželenih intermodulacijskih signalov z dvema oddanima signaloma. Standardi v tej seriji obravnavajo meritev PIM, vendar ne zajemajo dolgoročne zanesljivosti glede delovanja proizvoda. Ta standard je treba uporabljati skupaj z drugimi ustreznimi deli standarda IEC 62037.
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Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 62037-1:2012
01-oktober-2012
Nadomešča:
SIST EN 62037:2001
Pasivne radiofrekvenčne (rf) in mikrovalovne naprave, meritve
intermodulacijskega nivoja - 1. del: Splošne zahteve in merilne metode (IEC 62037-
1:2012)
Passive r.f. and microwave devices, intermodulation level measurement - Part 1:
General requirements and measuring methods (IEC 62037-1:2012)
Passive HF- und Mikrowellenbauteile, Messung des Intermodulationspegels - Teil 1:
Allgemeine Anforderungen und Messverfahren (IEC 62037-1:2012)
Dispositifs RF et à micro-ondes passifs, mesure du niveau d’intermodulation - Partie 1:
Exigences générales et méthodes de mesure (CEI 62037-1:2012)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 62037-1:2012
ICS:
33.120.30 Radiofrekvenčni konektorji RF connectors
(RF)
SIST EN 62037-1:2012 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
SIST EN 62037-1:2012
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
SIST EN 62037-1:2012
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 62037-1
NORME EUROPÉENNE
August 2012
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 33.040.20 Supersedes EN 62037:1999 (partially)
English version
Passive RF and microwave devices, intermodulation level measurement -
Part 1: General requirements and measuring methods
(IEC 62037-1:2012)
Dispositifs RF et à micro-ondes passifs, Passive HF- und Mikrowellenbauteile,
mesure du niveau d’intermodulation - Messung des Intermodulationspegels -
Partie 1: Exigences générales Teil 1: Allgemeine Anforderungen
et méthodes de mesure und Messverfahren
(CEI 62037-1:2012) (IEC 62037-1:2012)
This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2012-07-03. CENELEC members are bound to comply
with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard
the status of a national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on
application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified
to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus,
the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany,
Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.
CENELEC
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B - 1000 Brussels
© 2012 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members.
Ref. No. EN 62037-1:2012 E
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
SIST EN 62037-1:2012
EN 62037-1:2012 - 2 -
Foreword
The text of document 46/402/FDIS, future edition 1 of IEC 62037-1, prepared by IEC TC 46 "Cables,
wires, waveguides, R.F. connectors, R.F. and microwave passive components and accessories" was
submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and approved by CENELEC as EN 62037-1:2012.
The following dates are fixed:
(dop) 2013-04-03
• latest date by which the document has
to be implemented at national level by
publication of an identical national
standard or by endorsement
(dow) 2015-07-03
• latest date by which the national
standards conflicting with the
document have to be withdrawn
This document supersedes EN 62037:1999 (PART).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CENELEC [and/or CEN] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such
patent rights.
Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard IEC 62037-1:2012 was approved by CENELEC as a European
Standard without any modification.
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
SIST EN 62037-1:2012
IEC 62037-1
®
Edition 1.0 2012-05
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
colour
inside
Passive RF and microwave devices, intermodulation level measurement –
Part 1: General requirements and measuring methods
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
PRICE CODE
Q
ICS 33.040.20 ISBN 978-2-83220-110-7
Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor.
® Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
SIST EN 62037-1:2012
– 2 – 62037-1 IEC:2012(E)
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 3
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references. 5
3 Abbreviations . 5
4 Characteristics of intermodulation products . 5
5 Principle of test procedure . 6
6 Test set-up . 6
6.1 General . 6
6.2 Test equipment . 6
6.2.1 General . 6
6.2.2 Set-up 1 . 7
6.2.3 Set-up 2 . 8
7 Preparation of DUT and test equipment . 8
7.1 General . 8
7.2 Guidelines for minimizing generation of passive intermodulation. 8
8 Test procedure . 10
9 Reporting . 10
9.1 Results . 10
9.2 Example of results . 10
10 Measurement error . 11
Annex A (informative) Configuration of low-PIM termination . 15
Annex B (informative) Test procedure considerations . 17
Figure 1 – Set-up 1; reverse IM-test set-up . 12
Figure 2 – Set-up 2; forward IM-test set-up . 13
Figure 3 – Passive intermodulation (PIM) measurement error caused by residual system
error . 14
Figure A.1 – Long cable termination . 15
Figure A.2 – Lumped termination with a linear attenuator . 16
Table 1 – Guide for the design, selection of materials and handling of components that
may be susceptive to PIM generation . 9
Table 2 – Test set-up conditions . 10
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
SIST EN 62037-1:2012
62037-1 IEC:2012(E) – 3 –
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
PASSIVE RF AND MICROWAVE DEVICES,
INTERMODULATION LEVEL MEASUREMENT –
Part 1: General requirements and measuring methods
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 62037-1 has been prepared by technical committee 46: Cables,
wires, waveguides, R.F. connectors, R.F. and microwave passive components and
accessories.
This first edition of IEC 62037-1 replaces IEC 62037, published in 1999. It constitutes a
technical revision.
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
46/402/FDIS 46/416/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
SIST EN 62037-1:2012
– 4 – 62037-1 IEC:2012(E)
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
A list of all the parts in the IEC 62037 series, published under the general title Passive RF and
microwave devices intermodulation level measurement, can be found on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to
the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
A bilingual version of this standard may be issued at a later date.
IMPORTANT – The 'colour inside' logo on the cover page of this publication indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct understanding
of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a colour printer.
---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
SIST EN 62037-1:2012
62037-1 IEC:2012(E) – 5 –
PASSIVE RF AND MICROWAVE DEVICES,
INTERMODULATION LEVEL MEASUREMENT –
Part 1: General requirements and measuring methods
1 Scope
This part of IEC 62037 deals with the general requirements and measuring methods for
intermodulation (IM) level measurement of passive RF and microwave components, which can
be caused by the presence of two or more transmitting signals.
The test procedures given in this standard give the general requirements and measurement
methods required to characterize the level of unwanted IM signals using two transmitting
signals.
The standards in this series address the measurement of PIM, but do not cover the long term
reliability of a product with reference to its performance.
This standard is to be used in conjunction with other appropriate part(s) of IEC 62037.
2 Normative references
None.
3 Abbreviations
CATV Community antenna television
DUT Device under test
IM Intermodulation
PIM Passive intermodulation
4 Characteristics of intermodulation products
PIM interference is caused by sources of non-linearity of mostly unknown nature, location and
behaviour. A few examples are inter-metallic contacts, choice of materials, corrosion products,
dirt, etc. Most of these effects are subject to changes over time due to mechanical stress,
temperature changes, variations in material characteristics (cold flow, etc.) and climatic
changes, etc.
The generation of intermodulation products originates from point-sources inside a DUT and
propagate equally in all available directions.
The generation of passive intermodulation products (PIM) does not necessarily follow the law
of the usual non-linear equation of quadratic form. Therefore, accurate calculation to other
power levels causing the intermodulation is not possible and PIM comparisons should be made
at the same power level.
Furthermore, PIM generation can be frequency-dependent. When PIM generation is frequency-
dependant, the PIM performance shall be investigated over the specified frequency band.
---------------------- Page: 9 ----------------------
SIST EN 62037-1:2012
– 6 – 62037-1 IEC:2012(E)
5 Principle of test procedure
Test signals of frequencies f and f with equal specified test port power levels are combined
1 2
and fed to the DUT. The test signals should contain at least 10 dB less harmonic or self-
intermodulation signal level than the expected level generated in the DUT.
The PIM is measured over the specified frequency range. The intermodulation products of
order (2f ± f ), (2f ± f ) etc. are measured.
1 2 2 1
In most cases, the third order intermodulation signals represent the worst case condition of
unwanted signals generated; therefore, the measurement of these signals characterizes the
DUT in a sufficient way. However, the test set-ups given in Clause 6 are suitable for measuring
other intermodulation products.
rd
In other systems (such as CATV), the 3 order may not be as applicable in characterizing the
DUT.
I
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 62037-1:2012
01-oktober-2012
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 62037:2001
3DVLYQHUDGLRIUHNYHQþQH UI LQPLNURYDORYQHQDSUDYHPHULWYH
LQWHUPRGXODFLMVNHJDQLYRMDGHO 6SORãQH]DKWHYHLQPHULOQHPHWRGH ,(&
Passive r.f. and microwave devices, intermodulation level measurement - Part 1: General
requirements and measuring methods (IEC 62037-1:2012)
Passive HF- und Mikrowellenbauteile, Messung des Intermodulationspegels - Teil 1:
Allgemeine Anforderungen und Messverfahren (IEC 62037-1:2012)
Dispositifs RF et à micro-ondes passifs, mesure du niveau d’intermodulation - Partie 1:
Exigences générales et méthodes de mesure (CEI 62037-1:2012)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 62037-1:2012
ICS:
33.120.30 5DGLRIUHNYHQþQLNRQHNWRUML R.F. connectors
5)
SIST EN 62037-1:2012 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 62037-1
NORME EUROPÉENNE
August 2012
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 33.040.20 Supersedes EN 62037:1999 (partially)
English version
Passive RF and microwave devices, intermodulation level measurement -
Part 1: General requirements and measuring methods
(IEC 62037-1:2012)
Dispositifs RF et à micro-ondes passifs, Passive HF- und Mikrowellenbauteile,
mesure du niveau d’intermodulation - Messung des Intermodulationspegels -
Partie 1: Exigences générales Teil 1: Allgemeine Anforderungen
et méthodes de mesure und Messverfahren
(CEI 62037-1:2012) (IEC 62037-1:2012)
This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2012-07-03. CENELEC members are bound to comply
with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard
the status of a national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on
application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified
to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus,
the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany,
Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.
CENELEC
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B - 1000 Brussels
© 2012 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members.
Ref. No. EN 62037-1:2012 E
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
EN 62037-1:2012 - 2 -
Foreword
The text of document 46/402/FDIS, future edition 1 of IEC 62037-1, prepared by IEC TC 46 "Cables,
wires, waveguides, R.F. connectors, R.F. and microwave passive components and accessories" was
submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and approved by CENELEC as EN 62037-1:2012.
The following dates are fixed:
(dop) 2013-04-03
• latest date by which the document has
to be implemented at national level by
publication of an identical national
standard or by endorsement
(dow) 2015-07-03
• latest date by which the national
standards conflicting with the
document have to be withdrawn
This document supersedes EN 62037:1999 (PART).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CENELEC [and/or CEN] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such
patent rights.
Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard IEC 62037-1:2012 was approved by CENELEC as a European
Standard without any modification.
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
IEC 62037-1
®
Edition 1.0 2012-05
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
colour
inside
Passive RF and microwave devices, intermodulation level measurement –
Part 1: General requirements and measuring methods
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
PRICE CODE
Q
ICS 33.040.20 ISBN 978-2-83220-110-7
Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor.
® Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
– 2 – 62037-1 IEC:2012(E)
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 3
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references. 5
3 Abbreviations . 5
4 Characteristics of intermodulation products . 5
5 Principle of test procedure . 6
6 Test set-up . 6
6.1 General . 6
6.2 Test equipment . 6
6.2.1 General . 6
6.2.2 Set-up 1 . 7
6.2.3 Set-up 2 . 8
7 Preparation of DUT and test equipment . 8
7.1 General . 8
7.2 Guidelines for minimizing generation of passive intermodulation. 8
8 Test procedure . 10
9 Reporting . 10
9.1 Results . 10
9.2 Example of results . 10
10 Measurement error . 11
Annex A (informative) Configuration of low-PIM termination . 15
Annex B (informative) Test procedure considerations . 17
Figure 1 – Set-up 1; reverse IM-test set-up . 12
Figure 2 – Set-up 2; forward IM-test set-up . 13
Figure 3 – Passive intermodulation (PIM) measurement error caused by residual system
error . 14
Figure A.1 – Long cable termination . 15
Figure A.2 – Lumped termination with a linear attenuator . 16
Table 1 – Guide for the design, selection of materials and handling of components that
may be susceptive to PIM generation . 9
Table 2 – Test set-up conditions . 10
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
62037-1 IEC:2012(E) – 3 –
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
PASSIVE RF AND MICROWAVE DEVICES,
INTERMODULATION LEVEL MEASUREMENT –
Part 1: General requirements and measuring methods
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 62037-1 has been prepared by technical committee 46: Cables,
wires, waveguides, R.F. connectors, R.F. and microwave passive components and
accessories.
This first edition of IEC 62037-1 replaces IEC 62037, published in 1999. It constitutes a
technical revision.
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
46/402/FDIS 46/416/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
– 4 – 62037-1 IEC:2012(E)
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
A list of all the parts in the IEC 62037 series, published under the general title Passive RF and
microwave devices intermodulation level measurement, can be found on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to
the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
A bilingual version of this standard may be issued at a later date.
IMPORTANT – The 'colour inside' logo on the cover page of this publication indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct understanding
of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a colour printer.
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
62037-1 IEC:2012(E) – 5 –
PASSIVE RF AND MICROWAVE DEVICES,
INTERMODULATION LEVEL MEASUREMENT –
Part 1: General requirements and measuring methods
1 Scope
This part of IEC 62037 deals with the general requirements and measuring methods for
intermodulation (IM) level measurement of passive RF and microwave components, which can
be caused by the presence of two or more transmitting signals.
The test procedures given in this standard give the general requirements and measurement
methods required to characterize the level of unwanted IM signals using two transmitting
signals.
The standards in this series address the measurement of PIM, but do not cover the long term
reliability of a product with reference to its performance.
This standard is to be used in conjunction with other appropriate part(s) of IEC 62037.
2 Normative references
None.
3 Abbreviations
CATV Community antenna television
DUT Device under test
IM Intermodulation
PIM Passive intermodulation
4 Characteristics of intermodulation products
PIM interference is caused by sources of non-linearity of mostly unknown nature, location and
behaviour. A few examples are inter-metallic contacts, choice of materials, corrosion products,
dirt, etc. Most of these effects are subject to changes over time due to mechanical stress,
temperature changes, variations in material characteristics (cold flow, etc.) and climatic
changes, etc.
The generation of intermodulation products originates from point-sources inside a DUT and
propagate equally in all available directions.
The generation of passive intermodulation products (PIM) does not necessarily follow the law
of the usual non-linear equation of quadratic form. Therefore, accurate calculation to other
power levels causing the intermodulation is not possible and PIM comparisons should be made
at the same power level.
Furthermore, PIM generation can be frequency-dependent. When PIM generation is frequency-
dependant, the PIM performance shall be investigated over the specified frequency band.
---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
– 6 – 62037-1 IEC:2012(E)
5 Principle of test procedure
Test signals of frequencies f and f with equal specified test port power levels are combined
1 2
and fed to the DUT. The test signals should contain at least 10 dB less harmonic or self-
intermodulation signal level than the expected level generated in the DUT.
The PIM is measured over the specified frequency range. The intermodulation products of
order (2f ± f ), (2f ± f ) etc. are measured.
1 2 2 1
In most cases, the third order intermodulation signals represent the worst case condition of
unwanted signals generated; therefore, the measurement of these signals characterizes the
DUT in a sufficient way. However, the test set-ups given in Clause 6 are suitable for measuring
other intermodulation products.
rd
In other systems (such as CATV), the 3 order may not be as applicable in characterizing the
DUT.
Intermodulation ca
...
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