SIST EN ISO 11504:2017
(Main)Soil quality - Assessment of impact from soil contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons (ISO 11504:2017)
Soil quality - Assessment of impact from soil contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons (ISO 11504:2017)
This International Standard provides guidance on the choice of fractions and individual compounds when carrying out analysis for petroleum hydrocarbons in soils, soil materials and related materials including sediments for the purpose of assessing risks to human health, the environment and other possible receptors.
Bodenbeschaffenheit - Beurteilung der Wirkung von mit Mineralölkohlenwasserstoffen verunreinigten Böden (ISO 11504:2017)
Qualité du sol - Évaluation de l'impact du sol contaminé avec des hydrocarbures de pétrole (ISO 11504:2017)
ISO 11504:2017 fournit des lignes directrices concernant le choix des fractions et des composés individuels lors de la réalisation d'une analyse des hydrocarbures pétroliers dans les sols, les matériaux constitutifs du sol et les matériaux connexes, y compris les sédiments, à des fins d'évaluation des risques pour la santé des personnes, l'environnement et d'autres récepteurs éventuels. Étant donné que de nombreux produits à base d'hydrocarbures pétroliers contiennent souvent des substances différentes des hydrocarbures, les recommandations englobent également ces composés, le cas échéant.
ISO 11504:2017 comprend également des informations de base pertinentes sur lesquelles s'appuient les recommandations, ainsi que des lignes directrices relatives à l'utilisation des fractions recommandées dans l'évaluation du risque.
ISO 11504:2017 ne fixe pas de critères ou de lignes directrices faisant office de critères d'évaluation puisque ceux-ci sont généralement du ressort des instances réglementaires nationales ou régionales. Le présent document n'inclut pas non plus de recommandations concernant le modèle spécifique d'évaluation de l'exposition ou les valeurs de paramètres spécifiques à utiliser. Concernant les lignes directrices relatives à ces questions, il est fait référence à l'ISO 15800.
Kakovost tal - Ocena vplivov tal, onesnaženih z ogljikovodiki iz nafte (ISO 11504:2017)
Ta mednarodni standard podaja smernice za izbiro delcev in posameznih spojin pri analizi ogljikovodikov iz nafte v tleh, talnih materialih in sorodnih materialih, vključno s sedimenti, za namene ocene tveganja za zdravje ljudi, okolje in druge morebitne prejemnike.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 11504:2017
01-december-2017
Kakovost tal - Ocena vplivov tal, onesnaženih z ogljikovodiki iz nafte (ISO
11504:2017)
Soil quality - Assessment of impact from soil contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons
(ISO 11504:2017)
Bodenbeschaffenheit - Beurteilung der Wirkung von mit Mineralölkohlenwasserstoffen
verunreinigten Böden (ISO 11504:2017)
Qualité du sol - Évaluation de l'impact du sol contaminé avec des hydrocarbures de
pétrole (ISO 11504:2017)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 11504:2017
ICS:
13.080.10 .HPLMVNH]QDþLOQRVWLWDO Chemical characteristics of
soils
SIST EN ISO 11504:2017 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN ISO 11504:2017
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SIST EN ISO 11504:2017
EN ISO 11504
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
September 2017
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 13.080.10
English Version
Soil quality - Assessment of impact from soil contaminated
with petroleum hydrocarbons (ISO 11504:2017)
Qualité du sol - Évaluation de l'impact du sol Bodenbeschaffenheit - Beurteilung der Wirkung von
contaminé avec des hydrocarbures de pétrole (ISO mit Mineralölkohlenwasserstoffen verunreinigten
11504:2017) Böden (ISO 11504:2017)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 26 September 2017.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2017 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 11504:2017 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST EN ISO 11504:2017
EN ISO 11504:2017 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword .3
2
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SIST EN ISO 11504:2017
EN ISO 11504:2017 (E)
European foreword
This document (EN ISO 11504:2017) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 190 “Soil
quality” in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 345 “Characterization of soils” the
secretariat of which is held by NEN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 2018 and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by March 2018.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 11504:2017 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 11504:2017 without any modification.
3
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SIST EN ISO 11504:2017
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SIST EN ISO 11504:2017
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 11504
Second edition
2017-08
Soil quality — Assessment of
impact from soil contaminated with
petroleum hydrocarbons
Qualité du sol — Évaluation de l’impact du sol contaminé avec des
hydrocarbures pétroliers
Reference number
ISO 11504:2017(E)
©
ISO 2017
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SIST EN ISO 11504:2017
ISO 11504:2017(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2017, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
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ii © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 11504:2017
ISO 11504:2017(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 3
5 Relevant fractions and individual compounds . 4
5.1 General . 4
5.2 Fractions . 4
5.3 Individual compounds . 5
6 Petroleum hydrocarbons in soil . 6
7 Exposure assessment of petroleum hydrocarbons in soil . 8
7.1 General . 8
7.2 Relevant exposure routes for petroleum hydrocarbons . 9
7.3 Exposure assessment methods . 9
7.4 Toxicity assessment methods .10
7.5 Relations between oil fractions in different media related to exposure .11
8 Issues related to sampling and investigation .13
8.1 General .13
8.2 Issues related to analysis .13
Annex A (informative) Physico-chemical properties of different petroleum hydrocarbons, etc. .15
Annex B (informative) Examples of suggested tolerated concentration in air (TCA) and
tolerable daily intake (TDI) values for different specific petroleum hydrocarbons .19
Annex C (informative) Overview of suggested fractionations in different countries .20
Bibliography .22
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SIST EN ISO 11504:2017
ISO 11504:2017(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
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ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following
URL: w w w . i s o .org/ iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 190, Soil quality, Subcommittee SC 7, Soil
and site assessment.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition, which has been technically revised.
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SIST EN ISO 11504:2017
ISO 11504:2017(E)
Introduction
Petroleum hydrocarbons (PHCs) are common environmental contaminants. They are components
of crude oil and products derived from it and are consequently found on a variety of sites including
refineries, sites where they are used as feedstock (e.g. for manufacture of plastics), manufactured gas
production sites, sites where hydrocarbons are used as fuel or lubricants and retail service stations.
They may also be present as a result of spills and leaks during transportation or related to vehicle
accidents.
Petroleum hydrocarbons can present unacceptable risks to the health and safety of humans, ecological
systems, surface water, groundwater resources and to structures and building materials. Measuring
the total concentration of petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) in soil (and pore water and pore gas) does not
give a useful basis for the evaluation of the potential risks to man and the environment. The variety of
physical-chemical properties, and thus differences in the migration and fate of individual compounds,
and the toxicity and carcinogenicity of different fractions and compounds in oil products, need to be
taken into account in human health and environmental risk assessments.
Only a limited number of individual compounds can be routinely identified and quantified. It is,
consequently, important to adopt methods of analysis that provide information about the amount of
different hydrocarbon fractions present, preferably distinguishing between aliphatic and aromatic
fractions, and the concentrations of single compounds of particular concern with respect to the
potential health and environmental risks that they pose.
Although most petroleum hydrocarbons found in soil are of anthropogenic nature, there are some
natural sources of these materials and other organic substances (e.g. peat and coal). The analytical
methods historically used for the measurement of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) tend to
measure natural materials as TPH. This issue will not be dealt with in this document, except to note
that a method which is able to give a more precise determination of the petroleum hydrocarbons is less
prone to giving results that can be misinterpreted and potentially lead to unnecessary or unsustainable
remedial actions.
The purpose of this document is to give recommendations with respect to the choice of relevant
fractions and individual compounds, and to give guidance on the appropriate use of the results.
Decisions about which analytical methods to adopt are based primarily on the need to provide the right
type and quality of data for use in risk assessments. This requires consideration of how the results of
the analysis are most appropriately used in a risk assessment, e.g. how can the fractions be used in
exposure models and assessments, and how sufficient it is to analyse soil or necessary to obtain related
values in other media as well (pore water and pore gas).
There are five existing International Standards covering the analysis of the range of petroleum
hydrocarbons of interest. ISO 16703, ISO 16558-1 and ISO/TS 16558-2 can be used to measure mineral
oil (C10 to C40) and ISO 22155 or ISO 15009 to measure volatiles. However, methods need to be able
to properly measure the fractions and compounds recommended for determination in this document.
ISO/TC190 has thus developed standards for methods of analysis designed to be compatible with the
recommendations provided in this document: ISO 16558-1, which describes a method for determination
of aliphatic and aromatic fractions of volatile petroleum hydrocarbons, and ISO 16558-2, which
describes a method for the determination of aliphatic and aromatic fractions of semi-volatile petroleum
hydrocarbons.
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SIST EN ISO 11504:2017
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 11504:2017(E)
Soil quality — Assessment of impact from soil
contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons
1 Scope
This document gives guidelines with regard to the choice of fractions and individual compounds
when carrying out analysis for petroleum hydrocarbons in soils, soil materials and related materials,
including sediments, for the purpose of assessing risks to human health, the environment and other
possible receptors. Since many products based on petroleum hydrocarbons often contain substances
that are not hydrocarbons, the recommendations also encompass such compounds where relevant.
This document also includes relevant background information on which the recommendations are
based together with guidance on the use of the fractions recommended in the assessment of risk.
This document does not set criteria or guidelines for use as assessment criteria, since this is typically a
national or regional regulatory issue. This document also does not include recommendations as to the
specific model for the exposure assessment or the specific parameter values to be used; with respect to
guidance on this matter, reference is made to ISO 15800.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 11074, Soil quality — Vocabulary
ISO 15800, Soil quality — Characterization of soil with respect to human exposure
ISO 16558-1, Soil quality — Risk-based petroleum hydrocarbons — Part 1: Determination of aliphatic and
aromatic fractions of volatile petroleum hydrocarbons using gas chromatography (static headspace method)
ISO 16558-2, Soil quality — Risk-based petroleum hydrocarbons — Part 2: Determination of aliphatic
and aromatic fractions of semi-volatile petroleum hydrocarbons using gas chromatography with flame
ionization detection (GC/FID)
ISO 18400-105, Soil quality — Sampling — Part 105: Packaging, transport, storage and preservation
of samples
ISO 18512, Soil quality — Guidance on long and short term storage of soil samples
ISO 25177, Soil quality — Field soil description
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 11074, ISO 15800 and
ISO 25177 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http:// www .iso .org/ obp
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SIST EN ISO 11504:2017
ISO 11504:2017(E)
3.1
aliphatic hydrocarbon
acyclic or cyclic, saturated or unsaturated carbon compound, excluding aromatic compounds
3.2
aromatic hydrocarbon
hydrocarbon of which the molecular structure incorporates one or more planar sets of six carbon atoms
that are connected by delocalized electrons, numbering the same as if they consisted of alternating
single and double covalent bonds
3.3
boiling point
BP
point at which the vapour pressure of a liquid equals the external pressure acting on the surface of a liquid
Note 1 to entry: It is expressed in degrees Celsius.
3.4
carcinogen
substance that causes the development of malignant cells in animals or humans
3.5
compliance point
location (e.g. soil or groundwater) where the assessment criteria shall be measured and shall not be
exceeded
3.6
equivalent carbon number
empirically determined parameter related to the boiling point (3.3) of a chemical normalized to the
boiling point of the n-alkanes or its retention time in a boiling point gas chromatographic (GC) column
3.7
fraction
group of aromatic and/or aliphatic compounds with leaching and volatilization factors that differ by
approximately one order of magnitude
3.8
gas chromatography
analytical method that is used to separate and determine the components of complex mixtures based
on partitioning between a gas phase and stationary phase
3.9
hydrocarbon
compound of hydrogen and carbon which are the principal constituents of crude oil, refined petroleum
products and products derived from the carbonization of coal (at high or low temperature)
3.10
indicator compound
compound chosen to describe properties, primarily toxicity, of a petroleum mixture or fraction (3.7)
Note 1 to entry: This method is often used to assess carcinogenic compounds.
3.11
NSO compound
organic compound that contains nitrogen, sulphur and oxygen
Note 1 to entry: NSO compounds occur in organic matter and crude oil. Asphaltenes are examples of NSO
compound. NSO compounds can be separated from crude oil by polar solvents such as methanol.
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ISO 11504:2017(E)
3.12
partitioning
extent to which a compound of a hydrocarbon (3.9) mixture separates into different media (or phases)
based on its chemical and physical properties and the size and properties of the media in the specific
situation
3.13
petroleum hydrocarbon
organic compound comprised of carbon and hydrogen atoms arranged in varying structural
configurations which make up the principal constituents of crude oil and petroleum products
Note 1 to entry: Mineral oil is a colloquial term for petroleum hydrocarbons or petroleum products.
3.14
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
PAH
compound whose molecules contain two or more simple aromatic rings fused together by sharing two
neighbouring carbon atoms
Note 1 to entry: Naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene and benzo(a)pyrene.
3.15
surrogate compound
(representative) compound with toxicological and/or properties indicative of a hydrocarbon fraction,
which can therefore be used to represent the fraction in an exposure assessment
3.16
total petroleum hydrocarbon
method-defined parameter, depending on the analytical method used to measure it
4 Principle
A petroleum hydrocarbon product typically consists of a mixture of a very large number of individual
compounds. When assessing exposure and risk related to a mixture of compounds, such as in a
petroleum hydrocarbon product, evaluation has to be made with respect to the migration, fate and
toxicity of the different compounds in the mixture and the toxicity of the mixture. During transport
in the subsurface, the composition of a mixture may change due to different rates of dissolution,
volatilization, retardation, biodegradation, etc. acting on different component compounds. As a result,
the toxicity of the resulting mixture may vary with both time and distance from the source zone.
Assessing the potential exposure to a mixture consisting of a large number of compounds is not feasible,
neither in relation to the measurement of the concentration of all the compounds, in relation to the
evaluation of the resulting mixture (after migration and degradation) in the relevant media (such as in
the groundwater or in the indoor air), nor with respect to the resulting toxicity. A method, where only
a number of compounds or surrogate compounds are measured and evaluated, is therefore preferable.
On the other hand, it is necessary when choosing the relevant compounds and surrogate compounds
(such as relevant fractions of the total oil product) to ensure that the resulting evaluation of either overall
exposure or toxicity is a reasonable estimate of the exposure and toxicity related to the oil product as a
whole. Furthermore, selection of surrogate compounds should ensure that, if risk-management action is
necessary, the risk-management applied for the surrogate is also likely to mitigate the risks associated
with other (unquantified) substances present in the mixture.
Studies on migration, fate and toxicity of petroleum hydrocarbons show substantial differences
between the properties of individual compounds and fractions of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons.
Similar differences exist between hydrocarbon compounds with different carbon content. The choice of
surrogate compounds for assessing exposure and toxicity of petroleum hydrocarbons should be based
on fractions of the total hydrocarbon mix in a mineral oil product and on individual compounds and
fractions with similar properties.
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ISO 11504:2017(E)
This document gives recommendations about the choice of relevant individual compounds and
fractions as a basis for the assessment of risks to humans and the environment at relevant compliance
points using established risk assessment models. It should be noted that, for the suggested combination
of fractions and singular compounds, it is necessary that comparable analytical methods exist for the
suggested fractions, etc. not only for soil but also for water, air and petroleum hydrocarbons present
as non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPL) in order to verify exposure assessment calculations and the
assumptions employed in the risk assessment model.
As mentioned in the introduction, the choice of fractions and indicator compounds should, apart from
the above, be based on the performance characteristics of the possible analytical methods, and on the
overall cost of the analysis in relation to the goal of the assessment to be carried out.
5 Relevant fractions and individual compounds
5.1 General
This clause summarizes the recommendations given with respect to relevant petroleum hydrocarbon
fractions and individual compounds to measure and use in risk assessment, unless local or national
regulations set other requirements. The recommendations are based on the arguments given in the
following subclauses.
5.2 Fractions
Where a petroleum hydrocarbon fractionation approach is adopted, it is recommended that the
fractions given in Table 1 should be used when measuring and assessing risk related to petroleum
hydrocarbons. These fractions will ensure that the calculation of the exposure can be carried out
using surrogate physico-chemical properties on the fractions that represent all compounds within the
fraction reasonably well, and that toxicity of the compounds within the fractions will be reasonably
similar, except for the specific compounds of significant toxicological potency that will have to be
assessed also as individual compounds (see 5.3).
Surrogate physico-chemical properties can be set for each of the fractions suggested, either by using
a single property for each fraction or by using a set of relevant indicator compounds representing the
fraction by set percentages and then using their properties. The first method is the one utilised by Total
[26]
Petroleum Hydrocarbon Criteria Working Group (TPHCWG) . The other method is used, for instance,
[15]
in the Danish exposure assessment tool for contaminated soils, JAGG . Some jurisdictions may have
specific requirements regarding the properties to be used in risk assessments. If not, it is recommended
to use the properties listed in Annex A.
Table 1 — Petroleum hydrocarbon fractions for use in risk assessment related to human health
and the environment, based on Equivalent Carbon (EC) number
Aliphatic fractions Aromatic fractions
>5 to 6 >5 to 7
>6 to 8 >7 to 8
>8 to 10 >8 to 10
>10 to 12 >10 to 12
>12 to 16 >12 to 16
>16 to 35 >16 to 21
>35 to 44 >21 to 35
>35 to 44
>44 to 70
NOTE 1 Dependent on the available knowledge concerning the contaminant situation on the site in question,
not all fractions can be relevant on a specific site.
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NOTE 2 In some countries, assessment criteria are set for some of the suggested fractions, but not all. The
use of the auxiliary fractions can still be relevant as a basis for the evaluation of the potential risk at compliance
points in other media, e.g. groundwater or indoor air.
5.3 Individual compounds
Since petroleum hydrocarbon mixtures may contain specific compounds with a toxicity that is
substantially higher than the other compounds in the fraction it is part of, it is recommended to carry
out separate exposure and toxicity assessments of these compounds, unless the initial desk study and
conceptual model of the site in question shows that it is not relevant. Table 2 gives the recommended
list of specific compounds to include.
Table 2 — Individual compounds to be included in assessments
Benzene n-hexane
Benzo[a]pyrene Toluene
Benz[a]anthracene Ethylbenzene
Benzo[b]fluoranthene Xylenes
Benzo[k]fluoranthene Styrene
Benzo[ghi]perylene Naphthalene
Chrysene Methylnaphthalenes
Coronene Anthracene
Dibenz[a,h]anthracene Fluoranthene
Indeno[1,2,3-c,d]pyrene Phenathrene
Pyrene
NOTE The list is not comprehensive.
NOTE Other PAHs are potentially of concern and can be included if found relevant at the specific site. So
...
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