kSIST FprEN 10088-2:2023
(Main)Stainless steels - Part 2: Technical delivery conditions for sheet/plate and strip of corrosion resisting steels for general purposes
Stainless steels - Part 2: Technical delivery conditions for sheet/plate and strip of corrosion resisting steels for general purposes
This document specifies the technical delivery conditions for hot or cold rolled sheet/plate and strip of standard grades and special grades of corrosion resistant stainless steels for general purposes.
NOTE General purposes include the use of stainless steels in contact with foodstuffs.
The general technical delivery conditions specified in EN 10021 apply in addition to the specifications of this document, unless otherwise specified in document.
This document does not apply to components manufactured by further processing of the product forms listed above with quality characteristics altered as a result of such further processing.
Nichtrostende Stähle - Teil 2: Technische Lieferbedingungen für Blech und Band aus korrosionsbeständigen Stählen für allgemeine Verwendung
Dieses Dokument legt die technischen Lieferbedingungen für warm- oder kaltgewalztes Blech und Band aus Standardgüten und Sondergüten korrosionsbeständiger nichtrostender Stähle für allgemeine Verwendung fest.
ANMERKUNG Allgemeine Verwendung schließt diZusätzlich zu den Angaben dieser Europäischen Norm gelten, sofern in dieser Europäischen Norm nichts anderes festgelegt ist, die in EN 10021 festgelegten allgemeinen technischen Lieferbedingungen. e Verwendung von nichtrostenden Stählen in Berührung mit Lebensmitteln ein.
Diese Europäische Norm gilt nicht für die durch Weiterverarbeitung der oben genannten Erzeugnisformen hergestellten Teile mit fertigungsbedingt abweichenden Gütemerkmalen.
Aciers inoxydables - Partie 2: Conditions techniques de livraison des tôles et bandes en acier de résistance à la corrosion pour usage général
Le présent document spécifie les conditions techniques de livraison des tôles et bandes laminées à chaud ou à froid produites dans des nuances standardisées ou des nuances spéciales d'aciers inoxydables résistant à la corrosion pour usage général.
NOTE L’usage général inclut l’utilisation des aciers inoxydables pour le contact alimentaire.
Les conditions techniques de livraison spécifiées dans l'EN 10021 s'appliquent en plus des spécifications du présent document, sauf en cas de spécification contraire dans le présent document.
Le présent document ne s'applique pas aux composants fabriqués par transformation ultérieure des produits énumérés ci-dessus, avec les modifications des caractéristiques de qualité qui en résultent.
Nerjavna jekla - 2. del: Tehnični dobavni pogoji za korozijsko odporne pločevine in trakove za splošno uporabo
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 10088-2:2022
01-januar-2022
Nerjavna jekla - 2. del: Tehnični dobavni pogoji za korozijsko odporne pločevine in
trakove za splošno uporabo
Stainless steels - Part 2: Technical delivery conditions for sheet/plate and strip of
corrosion resisting steels for general purposes
Nichtrostende Stähle - Teil 2: Technische Lieferbedingungen für Blech und Band aus
korrosionsbeständigen Stählen für allgemeine Verwendung
Aciers inoxydables - Partie 2: Conditions techniques de livraison des tôles et bandes en
acier de résistance à la corrosion pour usage général
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 10088-2
ICS:
77.140.20 Visokokakovostna jekla Stainless steels
77.140.50 Ploščati jekleni izdelki in Flat steel products and semi-
polizdelki products
oSIST prEN 10088-2:2022 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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oSIST prEN 10088-2:2022
DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
prEN 10088-2
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
November 2021
ICS 77.140.20; 77.140.50 Will supersede EN 10088-2:2014
English Version
Stainless steels - Part 2: Technical delivery conditions for
sheet/plate and strip of corrosion resisting steels for
general purposes
Aciers inoxydables - Partie 2: Conditions techniques de Nichtrostende Stähle - Teil 2: Technische
livraison des tôles et bandes en acier de résistance à la Lieferbedingungen für Blech und Band aus
corrosion pour usage général korrosionsbeständigen Stählen für allgemeine
Verwendung
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 459/SC 5.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations
which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without
notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2021 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 10088-2:2021 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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prEN 10088-2:2021 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
Introduction . 4
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms and definitions . 6
4 Designation and ordering . 7
4.1 Designation of steel grades . 7
4.2 Designation to be used on ordering . 7
5 Classification of grades . 8
6 Requirements . 8
6.1 Steelmaking process . 8
6.2 Delivery condition . 8
6.3 Chemical composition . 8
6.4 Chemical corrosion properties . 8
6.5 Mechanical properties . 8
6.6 Surface quality . 9
6.7 Internal soundness . 9
6.8 Formability at room temperature . 9
6.9 Dimensions and tolerances on dimensions and shape . 9
6.10 Calculation of mass and tolerances on mass . 9
7 Inspection and testing . 10
7.1 General. 10
7.2 Agreement on tests and inspection documents . 10
7.3 Specific inspection and testing . 10
7.4 Test methods . 11
7.5 Retests . 11
8 Marking . 11
Annex A (informative) List of all stainless steel grades that appear in the document . 52
Annex B (informative) Guidelines for further treatment (including heat treatment) in
fabrication . 56
Annex C (informative) Applicable dimensional standards . 64
Bibliography . 65
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prEN 10088-2:2021 (E)
European foreword
This document (prEN 10088-2:2021) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 459/SC 5
“Steels for heat treatment, alloy steels, free-cutting steels and stainless steels”, stainless steels, the
secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document will supersede EN 10088-2:2014.
In comparison with the previous edition, the following technical modifications have been made:
— addition of austenitic grade 1.4382, 1.4682, 1.4420, 1.4678, austenitic-ferritic grade 1.4637, ferritic
grade 1.4622, martensitic grade 1.4060.
EN 10088, under the general title Stainless steels, consists of the following parts:
— Part 1: List of stainless steels (including a table of European Standards, in which these stainless steels
are further specified, see Annex B);
— Part 2: Technical delivery conditions for sheet/plate and strip of corrosion resistant steels for general
purposes;
— Part 3: Technical delivery conditions for semi-finished products, bars, rods, wire, sections and bright
products of corrosion resistant steels for general purposes;
— Part 4: Technical delivery conditions for sheet/plate and strip of corrosion resisting steels for
construction purposes;
— Part 5: Technical delivery conditions for bars, rods, wire, sections and bright products of corrosion
resisting steels for construction purposes.
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Introduction
The European Committee for Standardization (CEN) draws attention to the fact that it is claimed that
compliance with this document may involve the use of patents applied to seven steel grades.
CEN takes no position concerning the evidence, validity and scope of these patent rights.
The holders of these patent rights have ensured CEN that they are willing to negotiate licenses, under
reasonable and non-discriminatory terms and conditions, with applicants throughout the world. In this
respect, the statements of the holders of these patent rights are registered with CEN. Information may be
obtained from:
Grade 1.4637, 1.4662
Outokumpu Stainless AB
SE-77480 Avesta, Sweden
Grade 1.4420, 1.4622
Outokumpu Oyj
FI-00180, Helsinki, Salmisaarenranta 11, Finland
Grade 1.4062
Ugitech
F-73403 Ugine Cedex, France
Grade 1.4062
Industeel
F-71200 Creusot, 56 Rue Clemenceau, France
Grade 1.4646, 1.4611, 1.4613
Acciai Speciali Terni
I-05100 Terni, Italy
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights other than those identified above. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or
all such patent rights.
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prEN 10088-2:2021 (E)
1 Scope
This document specifies the technical delivery conditions for hot or cold rolled sheet/plate and strip of
standard grades and special grades of corrosion resistant stainless steels for general purposes.
NOTE General purposes include the use of stainless steels in contact with foodstuffs.
The general technical delivery conditions specified in EN 10021 apply in addition to the specifications of
this document, unless otherwise specified in document.
This document does not apply to components manufactured by further processing of the product forms
listed above with quality characteristics altered as a result of such further processing.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 10021, General technical delivery conditions for steel products
EN 10027-1, Designation systems for steels — Part 1: Steel names
EN 10027-2, Designation systems for steels — Part 2: Numerical system
EN 10079:2007, Definition of steel products
EN 10088-1, Stainless steels — Part 1: List of stainless steels
EN 10163-2, Delivery requirements for surface condition of hot-rolled steel plates, wide flats and sections —
Part 2: Plate and wide flats
EN 10168, Steel products — Inspection documents — List of information and description
EN 10204, Metallic products — Types of inspection documents
EN 10307, Non-destructive testing — Ultrasonic testing of austenitic and austenitic-ferritic stainless steels
flat products of thickness equal to or greater than 6 mm (reflection method)
EN ISO 148-1, Metallic materials — Charpy pendulum impact test — Part 1: Test method (ISO 148-1)
EN ISO 377, Steel and steel products — Location and preparation of samples and test pieces for mechanical
testing (ISO 377)
EN ISO 3651-2, Determination of resistance to intergranular corrosion of stainless steels — Part 2: Ferritic,
austenitic and ferritic-austenitic (duplex) stainless steels — Corrosion test in media containing sulfuric acid
(ISO 3651-2)
EN ISO 4885, Ferrous materials — Heat treatments — Vocabulary (ISO 4885)
EN ISO 6506-1, Metallic materials — Brinell hardness test — Part 1: Test method (ISO 6506-1)
EN ISO 6507-1, Metallic materials — Vickers hardness test — Part 1: Test method (ISO 6507-1)
EN ISO 6508-1, Metallic materials — Rockwell hardness test — Part 1: Test method (scales A, B, C, D, E, F,
G, H, K, N, T) (ISO 6508-1)
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EN ISO 6892-1, Metallic materials — Tensile testing — Part 1: Method of test at room temperature
(ISO 6892-1)
EN ISO 6892-2, Metallic materials — Tensile testing — Part 2: Method of test at elevated temperature
(ISO 6892-2)
EN ISO 14284, Steel and iron — Sampling and preparation of samples for the determination of chemical
composition (ISO 14284)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions regarding types of heat-treatment in
EN ISO 4885 and regarding product forms in EN 10079:2007 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
stainless steels
steels with at least 10,5 % of chromium and maximum 1,20 % of carbon
[SOURCE: EN 10020:2000, 3.2.2]
Note 1 to entry: Stainless steels are further subdivided in accordance with their main property into corrosion
resistant steels, heat resistant steels and creep resistant steels.
Note 2 to entry: One type steel in Table 7 in prEN 10088-1:2021 and five types of steel in Table 9 in
prEN 10088-1:2021 contain less chromium than the minimum defined for stainless steels, but are included in the
heat- resistant and creep- resistant steels standards respectively, because they form a part of these two families of
steels.
3.2
corrosion resistant steels
steels with at least 10,5 % Cr and max. 1,20 % C if their resistance to corrosion is of primary importance
3.3
general purposes
purposes other than the special purposes referred to in the Bibliography
3.4
standard grades
grades with a relatively good availability and a wider range of application
3.5
special grades
grades for special use and/or with limited availability
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4 Designation and ordering
4.1 Designation of steel grades
The steel names and steel numbers (see Tables 1 to 4) were formed in accordance with EN 10027-1 and
EN 10027-2 respectively.
A complete overview of all grades that are in this document is given in Annex A.
4.2 Designation to be used on ordering
The complete designation for ordering a product according to this document shall contain the following
information:
— desired quantity;
— product form (strip or sheet/plate);
— where an appropriate dimensional standard is available (see Annex B) the number of the standard,
plus any choice of requirements;
— if there is no dimensional standard, the nominal dimensions and tolerances required;
— type of material (steel);
— number of this document;
— steel name or steel number;
— if for the relevant steel in the table for the mechanical properties more than one treatment condition
is covered, the symbol for the desired heat treatment or cold worked condition;
— desired process route (see symbols in Table 6);
— if a verification of internal soundness is required, flat products with thickness ≥ 6 mm shall be tested
in accordance with EN 10307;
— any additional optional tests or inspections (see 7.2.3 d));
— standard designation for a test report 2.2 or, if required, any other type of inspection document in
accordance with EN 10204 (see 7.2.1).
EXAMPLE 10 plates according to EN ISO 18286 with thickness = 8 mm, width = 2 000 mm, length = 5 000 mm;
tolerances on width and length class B, flatness tolerance class N made of steel EN 10088-2 with the name
X5CrNi18–10 and the number 1.4301 in process route 1D (see Table 6), inspection certificate 3.1 as specified in
EN 10204:
10 plates EN ISO 18286 —, 8 × 2000 × 5000 B
Steel EN 10088-2 — X5CrNi18–10+1D
EN 10204 — 3.1
or
10 plates EN ISO 18286 —, 8 × 2000 × 5000 B
Steel EN 10088-2 — 1.4301+1D
EN 10204 — 3.1
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5 Classification of grades
Steels covered in this document are classified according to their structure into:
— austenitic steels,
— austenitic-ferritic steels,
— ferritic steels,
— martensitic steels,
— precipitation hardening steels.
See also prEN 10088-1:2021, Annex C.
6 Requirements
6.1 Steelmaking process
Unless a special steelmaking process is agreed at the time of enquiry and order, the steelmaking process
for steels conforming to this document shall be at the discretion of the manufacturer.
6.2 Delivery condition
The products shall be supplied in the delivery condition agreed at the time of enquiry and order by
reference to the process route given in Table 6 and, where different alternatives exist, to the treatment
conditions given in Tables 7 to 11, 17 and 18 (see also Annex B).
6.3 Chemical composition
6.3.1 The chemical composition requirements given in Tables 1 to 4 apply with respect to the chemical
composition according to the cast analysis.
6.3.2 The product analysis may deviate from the limiting values for the cast analysis given in Tables 1
to 4 by the values listed in Table 5.
6.4 Chemical corrosion properties
Referring to resistance to intergranular corrosion as defined in EN ISO 3651-2, for austenitic and
austenitic-ferritic and ferritic steels the specification in Tables 7 to 9 applies.
NOTE 1 EN ISO 3651-2 is not applicable for testing martensitic and precipitation hardening steels.
NOTE 2 The corrosion resistance of stainless steels is very dependent on the type of environment and can
therefore not always be clearly ascertained through laboratory tests. It is therefore advisable to draw on the
available experience of the use of the steels.
6.5 Mechanical properties
6.5.1 The mechanical properties at room temperature as specified in Tables 7 to 11 apply for the
relevant specified heat treatment condition. This does not apply to the process route 1U (hot rolled, not
heat treated, not descaled).
If by agreement at the time of ordering the products shall be supplied in a non-heat-treated condition,
the mechanical properties specified in Tables 7 to 11 shall be obtained from reference test pieces which
have received the appropriate heat treatment (simulated heat treatment).
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For the process route 1M and 2M for patterned finish the mechanical properties specified in Tables 7 to
11 do also not apply. In this case agreements shall be made at the time of enquiry and order, e.g.
performing a bend test according to EN ISO 7438.
For cold worked products, the tensile strength levels at ambient temperature as specified in Table 17
apply. The available tensile strength levels in the cold worked condition are indicated in Table 19.
Alternatively, cold worked products can be ordered according to their 0,2 % proof strength as given in
Tables 18 and 20.
NOTE Austenitic steels are insensitive to brittle fracture in the solution annealed condition. As they do not have
a pronounced transition temperature, which is characteristic of other steels, they are also useful for application at
cryogenic temperatures.
6.5.2 The values in Tables 12 to 16 apply for the 0,2 %- and 1 % proof strength at elevated
temperatures.
6.6 Surface quality
Slight surface imperfections, inherent in the rolling process, are permitted.
When products are delivered in coil form, the degree and extent of such imperfections may be expected
to be greater, due to the impracticability of removing short lengths of coil. For hot-rolled quarto-plates
(symbol P in Tables 7 to 11), the requirements in EN 10163-2, class A2, apply unless otherwise agreed.
For other products, where necessary, more precise requirements on surface quality may be agreed at the
time of enquiry and order.
Products delivered with hot-rolled or cold-rolled finishes (see Table 6) shall, unless otherwise agreed, be
supplied with only one surface inspected to the required finish (the prime surface). In such instances, the
manufacturer should indicate the prime surface, by marking the material or the packaging, or by some
other agreed method. The default method is to mark the prime surface, and to make this surface the top
surface of plates, sheets and cut lengths, or the outside surface of coiled products.
6.7 Internal soundness
The products shall be free of internal defects which would exclude them from being used for their usual
purpose. Ultrasonic testing of austenitic and austenitic-ferritic stainless steel flat products ≥ 6 mm may
be agreed at the time of enquiry and order in accordance with EN 10307.
6.8 Formability at room temperature
Cold formability may be verified by elongation in the tensile test.
6.9 Dimensions and tolerances on dimensions and shape
The dimensions and the tolerances on dimensions and shape shall be agreed at the time of enquiry and
order, as far as possible with reference to the dimensional standards listed in Annex B. EN ISO 18286
shall normally only be applied for product form P (individually rolled plates, “quarto plates”) and not for
product form H (continuously rolled strip and plate), for which EN ISO 9444-2 shall be applied. When
applying EN ISO 18286, tolerances on width and length class A shall apply, unless specifically agreed
otherwise at the time of enquiry and order.
6.10 Calculation of mass and tolerances on mass
6.10.1 When calculating the nominal mass from the nominal dimensions the values given in EN 10088-1
shall be used as a basis for the density of the steel concerned.
6.10.2 If the tolerances on mass are not specified in the dimensional standard listed in Annex B, they
may be agreed at the time of enquiry and order.
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7 Inspection and testing
7.1 General
The appropriate process control, inspection and testing shall be carried out to ensure that the product
complies with the requirements of the order.
This includes the following:
— suitable frequency of verification of the dimensions of the products;
— adequate intensity of visual examination of the surface quality of the products;
— appropriate frequency and type of test to ensure that the correct grade of steel is used.
The nature and frequency of these verifications, examinations and tests is determined in the light of the
degree of consistency that has been determined by the evidence of the quality system. In view of this,
verifications by specific tests for these requirements are not necessary unless otherwise agreed.
7.2 Agreement on tests and inspection documents
7.2.1 Products complying with this document shall be ordered and delivered with one of the inspection
documents as specified in EN 10204. The type of document shall be agreed upon at the time of enquiry
and order. If the order does not contain any specification of this type, a test report 2.2 shall be issued.
7.2.2 If it is agreed to issue a test report 2.2 in accordance with EN 10204 it shall indicate the following
information:
a) information groups A, B and Z of EN 10168;
b) results of the cast analysis in accordance with Table 1 to 4 with code numbers C71 to C92 in
EN 10168.
7.2.3 If the issuing of an inspection certificate 3.1 or 3.2 according to EN 10204 has been agreed,
specific inspections according to 7.3 shall be carried out and the following information shall be given in
the inspection document with the code numbers and details required by EN 10168:
a) under 7.2.2 a);
b) under 7.2.2 b);
c) results of the mandatory tests in Table 21, second column, by “m”;
d) results of any optional tests or inspections agreed at the time of enquiry and order.
7.3 Specific inspection and testing
7.3.1 Extent of testing
The tests to be carried out, either mandatorily (m) or by agreement (o) and the composition and size of
the test units, and the number of sample products, samples and test pieces to be taken are given in
Table 21.
7.3.2 Selection and preparation of samples and test pieces
7.3.2.1 Sampling and sample preparation shall be in accordance with the requirements of
EN ISO 14284 and EN ISO 377. In addition, the stipulations in 7.3.2.2 apply for the mechanical tests.
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7.3.2.2 The test samples for the tensile test shall be taken in accordance with Table 23 in such a way
that they are located halfway between the centre and a longitudinal edge. If it has been agreed that impact
tests shall be carried out, the test samples shall be taken from the same location.
The samples shall be taken from products in the delivery condition. If agreed, the samples may be taken
before flattening. For samples to be given a simulated heat treatment the conditions for annealing,
hardening and tempering shall be agreed.
7.3.2.3 Samples for the hardness test and for the resistance to intergranular corrosion test, where
requested, shall be taken from the same locations as those for the mechanical tests. For direction of
bending the test piece in the resistance to intergranular corrosion test, see Figure 1.
7.4 Test methods
7.4.1 The chemical analysis shall be carried out using appropriate European Standards. The choice of a
suitable physical or chemical analytical method for the analysis shall be at the discretion of the
manufacturer. The manufacturer shall declare the test method used if required.
NOTE The list of available European Standards on chemical analysis is given in CEN/TR 10261.
7.4.2 The tensile test at room temperature shall be carried out in accordance with EN ISO 6892-1 taking
into account the additional or deviating conditions specified in Table 23, footnote a.
The tensile strength, elongation after fracture and the 0,2 % proof strength shall be determined. In
addition, for austenitic steels only, the 1 %-proof strength shall be determined.
7.4.3 If a tensile test at elevated temperature has been ordered, this shall be carried out in accordance
with EN ISO 6892-2. If the proof strength shall be verified, the 0,2 %-proof strength shall be determined,
for ferritic, martensitic, precipitation hardening and austenitic-ferritic steels. In the case of austenitic
steels, the 0,2 %- and the 1 %-proof strength shall be determined.
7.4.4 If an impact test has been ordered, it shall be carried out in accordance with EN ISO 148-1 on test
pieces with a V-notch. The impact test shall be performed according to EN ISO 148-1 with a striker radius
of 2 mm (KV ). The average obtained from three test pieces is considered to be the test result (see also
2
EN 10021).
7.4.5 The Brinell hardness test shall be carried out in accordance with EN ISO 6506-1, the Rockwell
hardness test in accordance with EN ISO 6508-1, and the Vickers hardness test in accordance with
EN ISO 6507-1.
7.4.6 The resistance to intergranular corrosion shall be tested in accordance with EN ISO 3651-2.
7.4.7 Dimensions and dimensional tolerances of the products shall be tested in accordance with the
requirements of the relevant dimensional standards, where available.
7.5 Retests
See EN 10021.
8 Marking
8.1 Unless otherwise agreed in the order, with the exception mentioned in 8.4, each product shall be
marked with the information given in Table 22.
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8.2 Unless otherwise agreed the method of marking and the material of marking in accordance to 8.1
shall be at the option of the manufacturer.
Its quality shall be such that it shall be durable for at least one year in unheated storage under cover.
Corrosion resistance of the product shall not be impaired by the marking.
8.3 One surface of the product shall be marked. This will normally be the prime surface of products,
where only one surf
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