SIST EN 927-3:2012
(Main)Paints and varnishes - Coating materials and coating systems for exterior wood - Part 3: Natural weathering test
Paints and varnishes - Coating materials and coating systems for exterior wood - Part 3: Natural weathering test
This European Standard specifies a natural weathering test for exterior wood coating systems mainly intended for decoration and protection of planed and sawn wood. The test provides a means of evaluating the performance of a wood coating system during outdoor exposure. It forms the basis for the performance specification in accordance with EN 927-2.
Lacke und Anstrichstoffe - Beschichtungsstoffe und Beschichtungssysteme für Holz im Außenbereich - Teil 3: Freibewitterung
Dieser Teil von EN 927 legt eine Freibewitterungsprüfung von Beschichtungssystemen für Holz im Außenbereich fest, die hauptsächlich zur Dekoration und zum Schutz von glattgehobeltem Schnittholz dienen.
Diese Prüfung dient zum Beurteilen des Verhaltens von Beschichtungssystemen für Holz, die dem Wetter ausgesetzt sind. Sie ist die Grundlage der Spezifikation nach EN 927-2.
Peintures et vernis - Produits de peinture et systèmes de peinture pour bois en extérieur - Partie 3: Essais de vieillissement naturel
La présente partie de l’EN 927 spécifie un essai de vieillissement naturel des systèmes de peinture pour le bois en extérieur principalement prévus pour la décoration et la protection des bois sciés et rabotés.
L’essai fournit un moyen permettant d’évaluer les performances d’un système de peinture pour bois durant son exposition en extérieur. Il sert de base pour l’élaboration de la spécification de performance selon l’EN 927-2.
Barve in laki - Premazi in premazni sistemi za zaščito lesa v zunanji uporabi - 3. del: Preskus s staranjem v naravnih razmerah
Ta evropski standard določa preskus s staranjem v naravnih razmerah za premazne sisteme za zaščito lesa v zunanji uporabi, katerih namen je okrasiti in zaščititi obeljen in žagan les. Preskus je sredstvo za ugotavljanje delovanja premaznega sistema za les, ko je izpostavljen zunanjim vplivom. Predstavlja podlago za zahteve učinkovitosti v skladu s standardom EN 927-2.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 927-3:2012
01-november-2012
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 927-3:2007
%DUYHLQODNL3UHPD]LLQSUHPD]QLVLVWHPL]D]DãþLWROHVDY]XQDQMLXSRUDEL
GHO 3UHVNXVVVWDUDQMHPYQDUDYQLKUD]PHUDK
Paints and varnishes - Coating materials and coating systems for exterior wood - Part 3:
Natural weathering test
Lacke und Anstrichstoffe - Beschichtungsstoffe und Beschichtungssysteme für Holz im
Außenbereich - Teil 3: Freibewitterung
Peintures et vernis - Produits de peinture et systèmes de peinture pour bois en extérieur
- Partie 3: Essais de vieillissement naturel
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 927-3:2012
ICS:
71.100.50 .HPLNDOLMH]D]DãþLWROHVD Wood-protecting chemicals
87.040 Barve in laki Paints and varnishes
SIST EN 927-3:2012 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN 927-3:2012
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SIST EN 927-3:2012
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 927-3
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
July 2012
ICS 87.040 Supersedes EN 927-3:2006
English Version
Paints and varnishes - Coating materials and coating systems
for exterior wood - Part 3: Natural weathering test
Peintures et vernis - Produits de peinture et systèmes de Beschichtungsstoffe - Beschichtungsstoffe und
peinture pour bois en extérieur - Partie 3: Essais de Beschichtungssysteme für Holz im Außenbereich - Teil 3:
vieillissement naturel Freibewitterung
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 9 June 2012.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same
status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United
Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2012 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 927-3:2012: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST EN 927-3:2012
EN 927-3:2012 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword .4
1 Scope .5
2 Normative references .5
3 Principle .6
4 Apparatus and materials .6
5 Sampling .6
6 Test panels .7
6.1 Wood .7
6.2 Preparation and selection of wood panels .8
6.3 Preparation of coated panels .8
6.3.1 Wood conditioning .8
6.3.2 Preparation of panels for the test coating .8
6.3.3 Preparation of panels for the Internal Comparison Product (ICP) .8
6.3.4 Sealing and ageing .8
6.3.5 Thickness of the coating .9
7 Procedure . 10
7.1 General . 10
7.2 Examination before exposure . 10
7.3 Exposure . 10
7.4 Examination after exposure . 10
7.4.1 Examination on the exposure racks . 10
7.4.2 Laboratory examination of unwashed panels . 10
7.4.3 Laboratory examination of washed panels . 11
8 Precision data . 11
9 Expression of results and test report . 11
Annex A (normative) Internal Comparison Product (ICP) alkyd stain . 12
Annex B (normative) Details of test methods . 14
B.1 Gloss and change of gloss . 14
B.2 Colour and colour change . 14
B.3 Blistering . 14
B.4 Flaking . 14
B.5 Mould growth . 14
B.6 Cracking . 15
B.7 Chalking . 15
B.8 General appearance . 15
B.9 Adhesion . 15
B.9.1 General . 15
B.9.2 Apparatus . 15
B.9.3 Procedure . 15
B.10 Test for abnormally porous wood . 16
B.11 Test for heartwood in pine . 16
Annex C (normative) Assessment requirements for panels of test coatings and ICP . 17
Annex D (informative) Suggested format for a test report . 18
Annex E (informative) Optional tests including variations to standard weathering test procedure
to obtain additional information on coating performance . 21
2
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SIST EN 927-3:2012
EN 927-3:2012 (E)
E.1 Principle. 21
E.2 Tests on alternative wood substrates . 21
E.3 Tests with water trap . 21
E.3.1 Apparatus and materials. 21
E.3.2 Preparation . 22
E.3.3 Panel assessment . 22
E.4 Tests with back sealing of the panels . 23
Annex F (informative) Explanatory notes . 24
F.1 Natural weathering test . 24
F.2 Validity of test reports . 24
F.2.1 System . 24
F.2.2 Climate and region . 24
Annex G (informative) Precision data . 25
Bibliography . 26
3
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SIST EN 927-3:2012
EN 927-3:2012 (E)
Foreword
This document (EN 927-3:2012) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 139 “Paints and
varnishes”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 2013, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at
the latest by January 2013.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN 927-3:2006.
The main technical changes are:
a) Precision data were added in an informative Annex G;
b) Using the multi-blade cutting tool for cross-cut test is allowed.
EN 927 consists of the following parts under the general title: Paints and varnishes — Coating materials and
coating systems for exterior wood:
Part 1: Classification and selection;
Part 2: Performance specification;
Part 3: Natural weathering test;
Part 5: Assessment of the liquid water permeability;
Part 6: Exposure of wood coatings to artificial weathering using fluorescent UV lamps and water.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.
4
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SIST EN 927-3:2012
EN 927-3:2012 (E)
1 Scope
This European Standard specifies a natural weathering test for exterior wood coating systems mainly intended
for decoration and protection of planed and sawn wood.
The test provides a means of evaluating the performance of a wood coating system during outdoor exposure.
It forms the basis for the performance specification in accordance with EN 927-2.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN ISO 1513, Paints and varnishes — Examination and preparation of test samples (ISO 1513)
EN ISO 2409, Paints and varnishes — Cross-cut test (ISO 2409)
EN ISO 2431, Paints and varnishes — Determination of flow time by use of flow cups (ISO 2431)
EN ISO 2808:2007, Paints and varnishes – Determination of film thickness (ISO 2808:2007)
EN ISO 2810, Paints and varnishes — Natural weathering of coatings — Exposure and assessment
(ISO 2810)
EN ISO 2813, Paints and varnishes — Determination of specular gloss of non-metallic paint films at 20°, 60°
and 85° (ISO 2813)
EN ISO 4628-1:2003, Paints and varnishes — Evaluation of degradation of coatings — Designation of
quantity and size of defects, and of intensity of uniform changes in appearance — Part 1: General introduction
and designation system (ISO 4628-1:2003)
EN ISO 4628-2, Paints and varnishes — Evaluation of degradation of coatings — Designation of quantity and
size of defects, and of intensity of uniform changes in appearance — Part 2: Assessment of degree of
blistering (ISO 4628-2)
EN ISO 4628-4, Paints and varnishes — Evaluation of degradation of coatings — Designation of quantity and
size of defects, and of intensity of uniform changes in appearance — Part 4: Assessment of degree of
cracking (ISO 4628-4)
EN ISO 4628-5, Paints and varnishes — Evaluation of degradation of coatings — Designation of quantity and
size of defects, and of intensity of uniform changes in appearance — Part 5: Assessment of degree of flaking
(ISO 4628-5)
EN ISO 4628-6, Paints and varnishes — Evaluation of degradation of coatings — Designation of quantity and
size of defects, and of intensity of uniform changes in appearance — Part 6: Assessment of degree of
chalking by tape method (ISO 4628-6)
EN ISO 11664-4, Colorimetry — Part 4: CIE 1976 L*a*b* Colour space (ISO 11664-4)
EN ISO 15528, Paints, varnishes and raw materials for paints and varnishes — Sampling (ISO 15528)
ISO 554, Standard atmospheres for conditioning and/or testing — Specifications
5
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SIST EN 927-3:2012
EN 927-3:2012 (E)
3 Principle
The resistance to natural weathering of the coating system under test, applied to a wood substrate, is
assessed. Durability is evaluated by determining the changes in decorative and protective properties of
coatings after 12 months of exposure.
The standard test substrate selected was Pinus sylvestris (European redwood or Scots pine, subsequently
referred to as pine) in order to obtain relevant results more rapidly. The sapwood, which is usually present in
joinery timber, was chosen for use instead of heartwood because paint failure is more evident on the former.
Differences in quality of wood, and in the weather and site conditions, are recognised and allowed for in the
method by comparing the test with a reference system. The composition of the reference system (designated
as "Internal Comparison Product" or "ICP") is specified in Annex A.
The standard test substrate is pine sapwood with the rear side of panels untreated. However, supplementary
information on coating performance may be obtained by conducting optional tests on additional wood species,
on pine modified or impregnated by industrial processes, by using a pine panel containing a water trap in its
exposed face, or by coating the rear side of the panels.
Optional tests are described in Annex E. It is emphasised that they can serve only to provide additional
information.
4 Apparatus and materials
4.1 Exposure racks, inclined at an angle of 45° to the horizontal, on which the specimens are facing towards
the equator in accordance with EN ISO 2810.
4.2 Glossmeter, for the measurement of specular gloss in accordance with EN ISO 2813, at 60° geometry.
4.3 Tristimulus colorimeter or spectrophotometer, for the measurement of colour and calculation of colour
difference in CIELAB colour coordinates in accordance with EN ISO 11664-4.
4.4 Tape and cutting tool, for the assessment of adhesion in accordance with EN ISO 2409.
4.5 Microscope, with a magnification of ×10 for the assessment of surface defects.
4.6 Microscope, for measurement of film thickness in accordance with ISO 2808:2007, method 6A.
4.7 Self-adhesive, transparent tape, in accordance with EN ISO 4628-6 for the assessment of chalking.
4.8 Climate chamber.
5 Sampling
Take a representative sample of the product tested or of each product in the case of a multi-coat system, as
described in EN ISO 15528.
Examine and prepare each sample for testing as described in EN ISO 1513.
6
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SIST EN 927-3:2012
EN 927-3:2012 (E)
6 Test panels
6.1 Wood
The wood shall be pine that has been selected to be free from knots, cracks and resinous streaks and to be
straight-grained and of normal growth rate (i.e. 3 to 8 annual rings per 10 mm). The inclination of the growth
rings to the face shall be 5° to 45°(see Figure 1).
The wood shall be free from blue stain and evidence of surface or bulk fungal infection. Abnormal porosity
(caused by bacterial attack) shall be avoided (see Annex B, Clause B.10).
The wood shall be conditioned at (20 ± 2) °C and a relative humidity of (65 ± 5) % (in accordance with
ISO 554) to an equilibrium moisture content of (13 ± 2) %.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Key
a) Example of a panel with no heartwood (if present) closer than 10 mm to the test surface fulfilling the
requirement for growth ring orientation (5º to 45º) at the front side.
b) This panel does not meet the specification because the heartwood is too close to the front side.
c) This panel does not meet the specification because the growth ring orientation is not within the 5º to 45º
band. The growth rings incline -10º at the left of the panel and 30º at the right. Consequently a part of the
surface contains tangentially cut wood surface (growth ring inclination 0º), with considerable risk of crack
formation.
d) This panel does not meet the specification because the growth ring orientation is not within the 5º to 45º
band. The growth rings incline 45º at the left of the panel and 70º at the right.
NOTE The top side of panels is the exposed side; the bottom is the rear face.
Figure 1 — Cross section of panels
7
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SIST EN 927-3:2012
EN 927-3:2012 (E)
6.2 Preparation and selection of wood panels
The panels shall be cut from boards planed all round and shall be nominally (375 ± 2) mm × (78 ± 3) mm and
(20 ± 2) mm thick. For details of panel preparation see Figure 2. The panels shall be planed to a smooth and
uniform finish. In order to avoid aged wood surface, the panels shall be hand sanded (mesh 150) immediately
before coating. Rounding of edges is not permitted.
The panels shall be selected to give a sapwood test surface on the convex side of the growth rings, with any
heartwood confined to a zone no closer than 10 mm from the front side. Heartwood shall be checked with the
reagent described in B.11, at both ends of each panel.
Any panels showing surface splitting shall be rejected. Where the presence of some minor defects in the test
area is unavoidable, their position should be noted and their influence excluded during assessment of coating
performance.
6.3 Preparation of coated panels
6.3.1 Wood conditioning
Prior to coating, condition the panels at (20 ± 2) °C and a relative humidity of (65 ± 5) % until constant mass in
accordance with ISO 554. Keep the panels under the same conditions during drying of the coating system and
during subsequent storage of test panels before exposure. Panels may be transferred for brief periods to other
ambient conditions where this is required for the conduct of specific operations or assessments.
6.3.2 Preparation of panels for the test coating
For each system, select four panels on a random basis from the available supply. Three panels shall be used
for exposure and the fourth shall be for unexposed reference.
Apply the coating system to the front and side faces of each panel. The front side of the panel is the side
facing the bark of the tree. The back of the panel and end-grains shall be left uncoated.
Apply the coating system using the method specified by the manufacturer to give a wet film thickness
corresponding to the mean value (± 20 %) of the manufacturer's recommended spreading rate.
Record the quantity of coating applied to each test panel and subsequently calculate a mean value for the four
2
panels. The values should be stated preferably in g/m , but may also be expressed as wet film thickness (in
micrometres).
6.3.3 Preparation of panels for the Internal Comparison Product (ICP)
Prepare four panels by applying the ICP to the front and side faces of each panel. The back of the panel and
end-grains shall be left uncoated. Apply the ICP by brushing in three coats, allowing 16 h to 24 h drying
2
between coats. The spreading rate shall correspond to a total of (150 ± 30) g/m wet film. The dry film
thickness shall be (50 ± 10) µm on pine.
One set of ICP panels exposed at the same time may serve as the comparison for one or more test coatings.
6.3.4 Sealing and ageing
When the test coatings and ICP have dried, seal thoroughly the ends of the panels with at least two coats of a
flexible, moisture-impermeable white paint, for example of long-oil alkyd type, and capable of withstanding
2 years of natural exposure without breakdown. The sealer may be applied by brushing or dipping. The sealer
shall be applied to the bands marked "a" and "c" at the ends of the panel shown in Figure 2. It is important that
the sealer is applied all round, i.e. that front, sides, end grains and rear face of the bands are coated.
8
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SIST EN 927-3:2012
EN 927-3:2012 (E)
After sealing, age the panels for approximately 7 days in the controlled environment at (20 ± 2) °C and a
relative humidity of (65 ± 5) % (in accordance with ISO 554), before carrying out initial panel examinations.
Exposure shall start at the latest 28 days after completion of sealing.
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1, 2 and 3 Exposure panels
R Unexposed reference panel
a Sealed end (may be used for numbering of test panels)
b Section for application of coating system
c Sealed end
NOTE The figure is not to scale.
Figure 2 — Details of test panels
6.3.5 Thickness of the coating
Determine the dry film thickness of the ICP and the test coating using the unexposed reference panels.
Examine three small chips of coated wood removed from each reference panel by microscopy in accordance
with EN ISO 2808:2007, method 6A. The three chips shall be removed at three different places spaced evenly
across the panel width. Make five measurements on each of the three chips and calculate and record the
mean value in micrometres.
The thickness is stated in micrometres and refers to the layer on (above) the wood surface. Systems may
penetrate the wood material to some extent, but this part is not included in the determination.
9
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SIST EN 927-3:2012
EN 927-3:2012 (E)
7 Procedure
7.1 General
Carry out all examinations in accordance with Annex B and Annex C.
7.2 Examination before exposure
Before exposure, carry out the following measurements on the test panels and the ICP:
mass of coating system applied (by weighing) (see 6.3.2);
coating thickness (see 6.3.5);
gloss;
colour.
Assess the adhesion on the reference panel for the test coating and the ICP.
As wood is a natural material, unexpected defects can be detected in the coated panels just before exposure,
even though the wood material has been selected, inspected and prepared along the guidelines of 6.1 and
6.2. If such panels as an exception are exposed, the type, size and position of defects shall be noted, so as to
avoid any influence on the assessment after exposure.
For further details, see Annex B and Annex C.
7.3 Exposure
Expose three of the four panels with their long edge horizontal and the 50 mm band to the left of the exposed
face, for a period of 12 months, using the exposure racks (4.1). Record the starting and ending dates.
Store the reference panels indoors at a temperature of (20 ± 2) °C, a relative humidity of (65 ± 5) % and
protected from direct light.
7.4 Examination after exposure
7.4.1 Examination on the exposure racks
At the end of the 12 months exposure period, examine the panels on the exposure racks and record any
blistering. Remove the panels from the racks to the laboratory and condition for 7 days at a temperature of
(20 ± 2) °C and a relative humidity of (65 ± 5) %.
7.4.2 Laboratory examination of unwashed panels
Assess the panels for the following properties:
flaking;
cracking;
mould growth;
chalking;
general appearance.
10
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SIST EN 927-3:2012
EN 927-3:2012 (E)
7.4.3 Laboratory examination of washed panels
After the first examinations (7.4.1 and 7.4.2), wash the panels by sponging with clean lukewarm water to
remove surface deposits and atmospheric pollutants, and allow to dry.
Examine the coating on the reference and exposed panels for gloss and colour.
Examine the coating on the exposed panels for mould growth, adhesion and general appearance.
8 Precision data
Further information for precision data is given in Annex G.
9 Expression of results and test report
The test report shall contain at least the following information:
a) all details necessary to identify the product tested, including name and address of the manufacturer or
supplier of the coating system tested, name or other identification marks of the coating system tested,
including the batch number, description of the coating system tested, method and date of application,
coating thickness and colour;
b) reference to this part of EN 927 (EN 927-3);
c) name and address of the testing laboratory;
d) exposure site;
e) identification number of the test report;
f) name and address of the organisation or the person who ordered the test;
g) method of sampling, date and person responsible for the sampling;
h) date of receipt of the coating system tested;
i) exposure period (start and finishing dates);
j) any deviations from the test methods specified;
k) test results (see 7.2, 7.4.2 and 7.4.3);
l) date of authorisation of the test report;
m) type of cutting tool used for adhesion measurement (see B 9.2.1).
An example for a suitable form is given in Annex D.
A copy of the test report together with data sheets should be stored to comply with quality assurance
requirements.
11
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SIST EN 927-3:2012
EN 927-3:2012 (E)
Annex A
(normative)
Internal Comparison Product (ICP) alkyd stain
Table A.1 — Internal Comparison Product (ICP) alkyd stain
Component Name Supplier Remarks Amount
% (by mass)
TM
Alkyd Synolac 6005 WDA Cray Valley 70 % non volatile 49,05
matter content
TM
Solvent Varsol 40 ExxonMobil chemical 3,77
TM
Pigment, red Sicoflush L2817
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 927-3:2011
01-marec-2011
%DUYHLQODNL3UHPD]LLQSUHPD]QLVLVWHPL]D]XQDQMR]DãþLWROHVDGHO 3UHVNXV
VVWDUDQMHPYQDUDYQLKUD]PHUDK
Paints and varnishes - Coating materials and coating systems for exterior wood - Part 3:
Natural weathering test
Lacke und Anstrichstoffe - Beschichtungsstoffe und Beschichtungssysteme für Holz im
Außenbereich - Teil 3: Freibewitterung
Peintures et vernis - Produits de peinture et systèmes de peinture pour bois en extérieur
- Partie 3: Essais de vieillissement naturel
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 927-3 rev
ICS:
71.100.50 .HPLNDOLMH]D]DãþLWROHVD Wood-protecting chemicals
87.040 Barve in laki Paints and varnishes
oSIST prEN 927-3:2011 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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oSIST prEN 927-3:2011
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oSIST prEN 927-3:2011
EUROPEAN STANDARD
DRAFT
prEN 927-3 rev
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
January 2011
ICS 87.040 Will supersede EN 927-3:2006
English Version
Paints and varnishes - Coating materials and coating systems
for exterior wood - Part 3: Natural weathering test
Peintures et vernis - Produits de peinture et systèmes de Lacke und Anstrichstoffe - Beschichtungsstoffe und
peinture pour bois en extérieur - Partie 3: Essais de Beschichtungssysteme für Holz im Außenbereich - Teil 3:
vieillissement naturel Freibewitterung
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 139.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which
stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language
made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are aware and to
provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without notice and
shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2011 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 927-3 rev:2011: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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oSIST prEN 927-3:2011
prEN 927-3:2011 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword .4
1 Scope .5
2 Normative references .5
3 Principle .6
4 Apparatus and materials .6
5 Sampling .6
6 Test panels .7
6.1 Wood .7
6.2 Preparation and selection of wood panels .7
6.3 Preparation of coated panels .8
6.3.1 Wood conditioning .8
6.3.2 Preparation of panels for the test coating .8
6.3.3 Preparation of panels for the Internal Comparison Product (ICP) .8
6.3.4 Sealing and ageing .8
6.3.5 Thickness of the coating .9
7 Procedure .9
7.1 General .9
7.2 Examination before exposure . 10
7.3 Exposure . 10
7.4 Examination after exposure . 10
7.4.1 Examination on the exposure racks . 10
7.4.2 Laboratory examination of unwashed panels . 10
7.4.3 Laboratory examination of washed panels . 11
8 Expression of results and test report . 11
Annex A (normative) Internal Comparison Product (ICP) alkyd stain . 12
Annex B (normative) Details of test methods . 14
B.1 Gloss and change of gloss . 14
B.2 Colour and colour change . 14
B.3 Blistering . 14
B.4 Flaking . 14
B.5 Mould growth . 14
B.6 Cracking . 15
B.7 Chalking . 15
B.8 General appearance . 15
B.9 Adhesion . 15
B.9.1 General . 15
B.9.2 Apparatus . 15
B.9.3 Procedure . 15
B.10 Test for abnormally porous wood . 16
B.11 Test for heartwood in pine . 16
Annex C (normative) Assessment requirements for panels of test coatings and ICP . 17
Annex D (informative) Suggested format for a test report . 18
Annex E (informative) Optional tests including variations to standard weathering test procedure
to obtain additional information on coating performance . 21
E.1 Principle . 21
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E.2 Tests on alternative wood substrates . 21
E.3 Tests with water trap . 21
E.3.1 Apparatus and materials. 21
E.3.2 Preparation . 22
E.3.3 Panel assessment . 22
E.4 Tests with back sealing of the panels . 23
Annex F (informative) Explanatory notes . 24
F.1 Natural weathering test . 24
F.2 Validity of test reports . 24
F.2.1 System . 24
F.2.2 Climate and region . 24
Annex G (informative) Precision data . 25
Bibliography . 26
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Foreword
This document (prEN 927-3:2011) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 139 “Paints and
varnishes”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document will supersede EN 927-3:2006.
EN 927 consists of the following parts under the general title: Paints and varnishes — Coating materials and
coating systems for exterior wood
Part 1: Classification and selection
Part 2: Performance specification
Part 3: Natural weathering test
Part 5: Assessment of the liquid water permeability
Part 6: Exposure of wood coatings to artificial weathering using fluorescent UV lamps and water
The main technical changes are:
a) Precision data was added in an informative Annex G;
b) Using the multi-blade cutting tool for cross-cut test is allowed.
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1 Scope
This part of EN 927 specifies a natural weathering test for exterior wood coating systems mainly intended for
decoration and protection of planed and sawn wood.
The test provides a means of evaluating the performance of a wood coating system during outdoor exposure.
It forms the basis for the performance specification in accordance with EN 927-2.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 927-1, Paints and varnishes — Coating materials and coating systems for exterior wood — Part 1:
Classification and selection
EN ISO 1513, Paints and varnishes — Examination and preparation of test samples
EN ISO 2409, Paints and varnishes — Cross-cut test
EN ISO 2431, Paints and varnishes — Determination of flow time by use of flow cups (ISO 2431:1993,
including Technical Corrigendum 1:1994)
EN ISO 2808:2007, Paints and varnishes – Determination of film thickness (ISO 2808:2007)
EN ISO 2810, Paints and varnishes — Natural weathering of coatings — Exposure and assessment
(ISO 2810:2004)
EN ISO 2813, Paints and varnishes — Determination of specular gloss of non-metallic paint films at 20°, 60°
and 85° (ISO 2813:1994, including Technical Corrigendum 1:1997)
EN ISO 4628-1:2003, Paints and varnishes — Evaluation of degradation of coatings — Designation of
quantity and size of defects, and of intensity of uniform changes in appearance — Part 1: General introduction
and designation system (ISO 4628-1:2003)
EN ISO 4628-2, Paints and varnishes — Evaluation of degradation of coatings — Designation of quantity and
size of defects, and of intensity of uniform changes in appearance — Part 2: Assessment of degree of
blistering
EN ISO 4628-4, Paints and varnishes — Evaluation of degradation of coatings — Designation of quantity and
size of defects, and of intensity of uniform changes in appearance — Part 4: Assessment of degree of
cracking
EN ISO 4628-5, Paints and varnishes — Evaluation of degradation of coatings — Designation of quantity and
size of defects, and of intensity of uniform changes in appearance — Part 5: Assessment of degree of flaking
EN ISO 4628-6, Paints and varnishes — Evaluation of degradation of paint coatings — Designation of
intensity, quantity and size of common types of defect — Part 6: Assessment of degree of chalking by tape
method
EN ISO 15528, Paints, varnishes and raw materials for paints and varnishes — Sampling
ISO 554, Standard atmospheres for conditioning and/or testing — Specifications
ISO 7724-1, Paints and varnishes — Colorimetry — Part 1: Principles
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ISO 7724-2, Paints and varnishes — Colorimetry — Part 2: Colour measurement
ISO 7724-3, Paints and varnishes — Colorimetry — Part 3: Calculation of colour differences
3 Principle
The resistance to natural weathering of the coating system under test, applied to a wood substrate, is
assessed. Durability is evaluated by determining the changes in decorative and protective properties of
coatings after 12 months of exposure.
The standard test substrate has been selected to be Pinus silvestris (European redwood or Scots pine,
subsequently referred to as pine) in order to obtain relevant results more rapidly. Moreover the sapwood,
which is usually present in joinery timber, is used instead of heartwood because paint failure is more evident
on the former.
Differences in quality of wood, and in the weather and site conditions, are recognized and allowed for in the
method by comparing the test with a reference system. The composition of the reference system (designated
as "Internal Comparison Product" or "ICP") is specified in Annex A.
The standard test substrate is pine sapwood with the rear side of panels untreated. However, supplementary
information on coating performance may be obtained by conducting optional tests on additional wood species,
on pine modified or impregnated by industrial processes, by using a pine panel containing a water trap in its
exposed face, or by coating the rear side of the panels.
Optional tests are described in Annex E. It is emphasised that they can serve only to provide additional
information.
4 Apparatus and materials
4.1 Exposure racks, inclined at an angle of 45° to the horizontal, on which the specimens are facing towards
the equator in accordance with EN ISO 2810.
4.2 Glossmeter for the measurement of specular gloss in accordance with EN ISO 2813, at 60° geometry.
4.3 Tristimulus colorimeter or spectrophotometer for the measurement of colour and calculation of colour
difference in CIELAB colour coordinates in accordance with ISO 7724-1, ISO 7724-2 and ISO 7724-3.
4.4 Tape and cutting tool for the assessment of adhesion in accordance with EN ISO 2409.
4.5 Microscope with a magnification of ×10 for the assessment of surface defects.
4.6 Microscope for measurement of film thickness in accordance with ISO 2808:2006, method 6A.
4.7 Self-adhesive, transparent tape, in accordance with EN ISO 4628-6 for the assessment of chalking.
4.8 Climate chamber
5 Sampling
Take a representative sample of the product tested or of each product in the case of a multi-coat system, as
described in EN ISO 15528.
Examine and prepare each sample for testing as described in EN ISO 1513.
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6 Test panels
6.1 Wood
The wood shall be pine that has been selected to be free from knots, cracks and resinous streaks, to be
straight-grained and of normal growth rate (i.e. 3 to 8 annual rings per 10 mm). The inclination of the growth
rings to the face shall be 5° to 45°(see Figure 1).
The wood shall be free from blue stain and evidence of surface or bulk fungal infection. Abnormal porosity
(caused by bacterial attack) shall be avoided (see Annex B, Clause B.10).
The wood shall be conditioned at (20 ± 2) °C and a relative humidity of (65 ± 5) % (in accordance with
ISO 554) to an equilibrium moisture content of (13 ± 2) %.
a)
b)
c)
d)
KEY
a) Example of a panel with no heartwood (if present) closer than 10 mm to the test surface fulfilling the
requirement for growth ring orientation (5º to 45º) at the front side.
b) This panel does not meet the specification because the heartwood is too close to the front side.
c) This panel does not meet the specification because the growth ring orientation is not within the 5º to 45º
band. The growth rings incline -10º at the left of the panel and 30º at the right. Consequently a part of the
surface contains tangentially cut wood surface (growth ring inclination 0º), with considerable risk of crack
formation.
d) This panel does not meet the specification because the growth ring orientation is not within the 5º to 45º
band. The growth rings incline 45º at the left of the panel and 70º at the right.
NOTE The top side of panels is the exposed side; the bottom is the rear face.
Figure 1 — Cross section of panels
6.2 Preparation and selection of wood panels
The panels shall be cut from boards planed all round and shall be nominally (375 ± 2) mm × (78 ± 3) mm and
(20 ± 2) mm thick. For details of panel preparation see Figure 2. The panels shall be planed to a smooth and
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uniform finish. In order to avoid aged wood surface , the panels shall be hand sanded (mesh 150) immediately
before coating. Rounding of edges is not permitted.
The panels shall be selected to give a sapwood test surface on the convex side of the growth rings, with any
heartwood confined to a zone no closer than 10 mm from the front side. Heartwood shall be checked with the
reagent described in B.11, at both ends of each panel.
Any panels showing surface splitting shall be rejected. Where the presence of some minor defects in the test
area is unavoidable, their position should be noted and their influence excluded during assessment of coating
performance.
6.3 Preparation of coated panels
6.3.1 Wood conditioning
Prior to coating, condition the panels at (20 ± 2) °C and a relative humidity of (65 ± 5) % until constant mass in
accordance with ISO 554. Keep the panels under the same conditions during drying of the coating system,
and during subsequent storage of test panels before exposure. Panels may be transferred for brief periods to
other ambient conditions where this is required for the conduct of specific operations or assessments.
6.3.2 Preparation of panels for the test coating
For each system select four panels on a random basis from the available supply. Three panels shall be used
for exposure and the fourth shall be for unexposed reference.
Apply the coating system to the front and side faces of each panel. The front side of the panel is the side
facing the bark of the tree. The back of the panel and end-grains shall be left uncoated.
Apply the coating system using the method specified by the manufacturer to give a wet film thickness
corresponding to the mean value (± 20 %) of the manufacturer's recommended spreading rate.
Record the quantity of coating applied to each test panel and subsequently calculate a mean value for the four
2
panels. The values should be stated preferably in g/m , but may also be expressed as wet film thickness (in
micrometres).
6.3.3 Preparation of panels for the Internal Comparison Product (ICP)
Prepare four panels by applying the ICP to the front and side faces of each panel. The back of the panel and
end-grains shall be left uncoated. Apply the ICP by brushing in three coats allowing 16 h to 24 h drying
2
between coats. The spreading rate shall correspond to a total of (150 ± 30) g/m wet film. The dry film
thickness shall be (50 ± 10) µm on pine.
One set of ICP panels exposed at the same time may serve as the comparison for one or more test coatings.
6.3.4 Sealing and ageing
When the test coatings and ICP have dried, seal thoroughly the ends of the panels with at least two coats of a
flexible, moisture-impermeable white paint, for example of long-oil alkyd type, and capable of withstanding
2 years of natural exposure without breakdown. The sealer may be applied by brushing or dipping. The sealer
shall be applied to the bands marked "a" and "c" at the ends of the panel shown in Figure 2. It is important that
the sealer is applied all round, i.e. that front, sides, end grains and rear face of the bands are coated.
After sealing, age the panels for approximately 7 days in the controlled environment at (20 ± 2) °C and a
relative humidity of (65 ± 5) % (in accordance with ISO 554), before carrying out initial panel examinations.
Exposure shall start at the latest 28 days after completion of sealing.
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Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1, 2 and 3 Exposure panels
R Unexposed reference panel
a Sealed end (may be used for numbering of test panels)
b Section for application of coating system
c Sealed end
NOTE The figure is not to scale.
Figure 2 — Details of test panels
6.3.5 Thickness of the coating
Determine the dry film thickness of the ICP and the test coating using the unexposed reference panels.
Examine three small chips of coated wood removed from each reference panel by microscopy in accordance
with EN ISO 2808:2007, method 6A. The three chips shall be removed at three different places spaced evenly
across the panel width. Make five measurements on each of the three chips and calculate and record the
mean value in micrometres.
The thickness is stated in micrometres and refers to the layer on (above) the wood surface. Systems may
penetrate the wood material to some extent, but this part is not included in the determination.
7 Procedure
7.1 General
Carry out all examinations in accordance with Annexes B and C.
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7.2 Examination before exposure
Before exposure carry out the following measurements on the test panels and the ICP:
mass of coating system applied (by weighing) (see 6.3.2);
coating thickness (see 6.3.5);
gloss;
colour.
Assess the adhesion on the reference panel for the test coating and the ICP.
As wood is a natural material, unexpected defects can be detected in the coated panels just before exposure,
even though the wood material has been selected, inspected and prepared along the guidelines of 6.1 and
6.2. If such panels as an exception are exposed, the type, size and position of defects shall be noted, so as to
avoid any influence on the assessment after exposure.
For further details see Annexes B and C.
7.3 Exposure
Expose three of the four panels with their long edge horizontal and the 50 mm band to the left of the exposed
face, for a period of 12 months, using the exposure racks (4.1). Record the starting and ending dates.
Store the reference panels indoors at a temperature of (20 ± 2) °C and a relative humidity of (65 ± 5) %.
7.4 Examination after exposure
7.4.1 Examination on the exposure racks
At the end of the 12 months exposure period, examine the panels on the exposure racks and record any
blistering. Remove the panels from the racks to the laboratory and condition for 7 days at a temperature of
(20 ± 2) °C and a relative humidity of (65 ± 5) %.
7.4.2 Laboratory examination of unwashed panels
Assess the panels for the following properties:
flaking;
cracking;
mould growth;
chalking;
general appearance.
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7.4.3 Laboratory examination of washed panels
After the first examinations (7.4.1 and 7.4.2), wash the panels by sponging with clean lukewarm water to
remove surface deposits and atmospheric pollutants, and allow to dry.
Examine the coating on the reference and exposed panels for gloss and colour.
Examine the coating on the exposed panels for mould growth, adhesion and general appearance.
8 Expression of results and test report
The test report shall contain at least the following information:
a) all details necessary to identify the product tested, including name and address of the manufacturer or
supplier of the coating system tested, name or other identification marks of the coating system tested,
including the batch number, description of the coating system tested, method and date of application,
coating thickness and colour;
b) reference to this part of EN 927 (EN 927-3);
c) name and address of the testing laboratory;
d) exposure site;
e) identification number of the test report;
f) name and address of the organization or the person who ordered the test;
g) method of sampling, date and person responsible for the sampling;
h) date of receipt of the coating system tested;
i) exposure period (start and finishing dates);
j) any deviations from the test methods specified;
k) test results (see 7.2, 7.4.2 and 7.4.3);
l) date of authorization of the test report.
An example for a suitable form is given in Annex D.
A copy of the test report together with data sheets should be stored to comply with quality assurance
requirements.
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Annex A
(normative)
Internal Comparison Product (ICP) alkyd stain
Table A.1 — Internal Comparison Product (ICP) alkyd stain
Component Name Supplier Remarks Amount
% (by mass)
TM
Alkyd Synolac 6005 W Cray Valley 65 % non volatile 52,82
matter content
TM
Pigment, red Sicoflush L2817 BASF 40 % pigment in 4,63
a
paste
TM
Pigment, yellow Sicoflush L1916 BASF 40 % pigment in 2,30
a
paste
TM
Rheological additive Bentone 34 Rheox 10 % premix in white 0,60
spirit (85 %), and
ethanol (5 %)
TM
Ca drier Nuodex Ca 5 % Servo 5 % calcium, non 2,77
volatile matter content
about 55 %
TM
Co drier Nuodex Co 10 % Servo 10 % cobalt, non 0,37
volatile matter content
about 75 %
TM
Zr drier Nuodex Zr 12 % Servo 12 % zirconium, non 0,30
volatile matter content
about 45 %
TM
Biocide Preventol A5 Bayer Powder (90 % active 0,72
ingredients)
TM
b
Tinuvin 292 Ciba-Geigy 0,45
HALS
TM
Antiskin Exkin 2 Servo Methyl ethyl ketoxime 0,20
TM
Solvent Varsol 40 Exxon 34,84
Total % (by mass) 100,00
a
Particle size ≤ 10 µm.
b
Hindered Amine Ligh
...
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