POH - Furniture

This document specifies requirements for the safety, strength and durability of all types of non-domestic seating intended to be used by adults with a weight of not more than 110 kg, including office visitor chairs.
This document does not apply to ranked seating, office work chairs, chairs for educational institutions, outdoor seating and to links for linked seating for which other European Standards exist. It does also not apply to work chairs for industrial use.
This document does not include requirements for the durability of upholstery materials, castors, reclining and tilting mechanisms and seat height adjustment mechanisms.
This document does not include requirements for the resistance to ageing, degradation and flammability.
This document does not include requirements for electrical safety.
Annex A (normative) contains test methods for finger entrapment and shear and compression.
Annex B (normative) contains a seat side-to-side durability test at D-G points.
Annex C (normative) contains a test method for Leg rest durability.
Annex D (normative) contains the determination of seat loading point for seating with suspended flexible material.
Annex E (informative) contains additional drop tests.
Annex F (informative) contains information on the level of test severity in relation to applications.
Annex G (informative) contains recommended dimensions for non-domestic chairs.
Annex H (informative) contains a rationale for single column seating.

This document specifies methods for the determination of the dimensions of office chairs.
This document does not contain dimensional specifications or requirements.

Gathering the responses to the various interpretation requests received over the years into a single document to be referred to.

This document specifies the minimum requirements for the safety, strength and durability of all types of domestic seating for adults. It also specifies additional test methods for seat side-to-side durability as well as finger entrapment and shear and compression.
It does not apply to ranked seating, seating for non-domestic use, office work chairs, chairs for educational institutions, outdoor seating and to links for linked seating for which European Standards exist.
It does not include requirements for the durability of upholstery materials, castors, reclining and tilting mechanisms and seat height adjustment mechanisms.
It does not include requirements for electrical safety.
It does not include requirements for the resistance to ageing, degradation, flammability and ergonomics.
The requirements are based on use by persons weighing up to 110 kg.
Annex A (normative) specifies the seat side-to-side durability test in D-G points.
Annex B (informative) gives rationales for some of the tests referred to in Table 1.
Annex C (normative) specifies the test methods for finger entrapment and shear and compression.
Annex D (normative) specifies the seat loading point for seating with suspended flexible material.

This document specifies a test method using water immersion test for assessing the bleeding of coloured wood extractives through a coating. Leachates of coated and uncoated wood are collected after the immersion procedure and their colour is compared. The colour of the coated wood before and after immersion tests is also compared. This document does not specify acceptance values for colour differences that can be tolerated and it is not applicable to staining caused by knots for which there is a different test method (see EN 927 7).
NOTE   The method has been developed for oak and chestnut wood and might be applicable for other wood substrates containing water soluble extractives.

This European Standard specifies safety requirements for free standing children's high chairs that elevate children to dining table height usually for the purposes of feeding or eating. Children's high chairs are for children up to 3 years of age who are capable of sitting unaided.
With the exception of special high chairs for medical purposes, this standard applies to children's high chairs for domestic and non-domestic use.
NOTE If a children's high chair has to or can be converted into other functions, additional European Standards may apply.

This document specifies a method for the assessment of the surface resistance to different kinds of visible scratches. It relates to the rigid surfaces of all finished products, regardless of their material.
It does not apply to finishes on leather and fabrics.
Method A is suitable for all types of surface coatings and coverings except for melamine faced boards (according to EN 14322) and HPL (according to EN 438 1). It simulates measurable penetrating and/or deforming scratches.
Method B is suitable for all types of surfaces. It simulates first visible traces (e.g. scratches, marks) that can also be a change in the gloss.
The test is intended to be carried out on a part of finished furniture. It can, however, be carried out on test panels of the same material, finished in an identical manner to the finished product, and of a size sufficient to meet the requirements of the test.
It is essential that the test be carried out on unused surfaces.

This document specifies test methods and requirements for the strength and durability of all types of extension elements and their components for all fields of application, except table extensions.
The tests consist of the application of loads, forces and velocities simulating normal functional use, as well as misuse, that can reasonably be expected to occur.
With the exception of the corrosion test in 6.4, the tests are designed to evaluate properties without regard to materials, design/construction or manufacturing processes.
The strength and durability tests only relate to the extension elements and the parts used for the attachment, e.g. screws.
The strength and durability tests are carried out in a test frame with specified properties. The test results are only used as a guide to the performance of a piece of furniture.
The test results are only valid for the extension element tested.
Ageing and influences of heat and humidity are not included.

This document specifies a method for the assessment of the effects of light in indoor conditions, by exposure to artificial radiation and applies to rigid surfaces of all finished products regardless of material.
It does not apply to finishes on leather and fabrics.
The test is intended to be carried out on a part of the finished furniture, but can be carried out on test panels of the same material, finished in an identical manner to the finished product, and of a size sufficient to meet the requirements of the test.
This document describes the most important parameters, such as the colour change when a surface is exposed and specifies the conditions to be used in the exposure apparatus.
The light resistance of a surface can be assessed by using two apparatus as specified in Clause 4, one as a reference test method, and the other for in-company testing.

This document specifies requirements for the safety, strength and durability of bunk beds and high beds for domestic and non-domestic use.
It is applicable to bunk beds and high beds with an internal length greater than 1 400 mm and a maximum bed base width of 1 200 mm, and with the upper surface of a bed base of 600 mm or more above the floor.
This document does not apply to bunk beds and high beds used for special purposes, including but not limited to prisons, the military and fire brigades.
If other products are included in a bunk bed/high bed, for example a table or storage furniture, the relevant European Standards could, in addition, apply.
The document contains one annex:
-   Annex A (informative) - Rationales.

This document specifies test methods for the safety, strength and durability of bunk beds and high beds for domestic and non-domestic use.
The tests are applicable to beds with an internal length greater than 1 400 mm and a maximum bed base width of 1 200 mm and with the upper surface of a bed base 600 mm or more above the floor.
The tests are designed to be applied to a bed that is fully assembled and ready for use.
The applicable safety requirements are given in FprEN 747-1:2023.

This document specifies a method for the assessment of the abrasion resistance of surfaces with foils, laminates, melamine faced boards, pigmented and transparent lacquers.
It does not apply to leather and textile surfaces.
It does not apply to the surfaces covered by EN 14434.
The test is intended to be carried out on an unused part of the finished furniture, but can be carried out on test panels of the same material, finished in an identical manner to the finished product, and of a size sufficient to meet the requirements of the test.
The test is intended to be carried out on unused surfaces.

This document specifies requirements for the safety, strength, and durability for all types of non-domestic storage furniture.
It does not apply to domestic storage, industrial storage, kitchen, catering equipment, retail storage, and industrial storage lockers.
Requirements for strength and durability do not apply to the structure of the building for example the strength of wall hanging cabinets includes only the cabinets and the parts used for attachment. The wall and the wall attachments are not included.
The standard contains five annexes
Annex A (normative) Test methods for finger entrapment;
Annex B (normative) Requirements for schools, kindergartens and similar applications
Annex C (normative) Selecting product from a range of furniture
Annex D (informative) Guidance of test severity in relation to application
Annex E (informative) Suggested loads for tests not specified in this standard
It does not include requirements for the resistance to ageing, degradation and flammability.

This document specifies requirements for the safety, strength and durability of all types of non-domestic tables including those with glass in their construction.
It does not apply to office work tables or desks, tables for educational institutions, laboratory workbenches for educational institutions and outdoor tables for which EN standards exist.
It does not apply to laboratory workbenches for professional use and industrial workbenches.
It does not apply to tables where the table top is not fixed to the understructure, i.e. when applying test 6, Table 2, the top becomes detached from the understructure.
With exception of the stability tests, this document does not provide assessment of the suitability of any storage features included in non-domestic tables.
It does not include requirements for electrical safety.
It does not include requirements for the resistance to ageing, degradation.
This document has three annexes:
-   Annex A (normative) Test methods for finger entrapment;
-   Annex B (informative) Additional test requirements;
-   Annex C (informative) Test severity in relation to application.

This document specifies requirements and test methods for the determination of the strength, durability and stiffness of star bases for use for seating with three or more legs.
It is not applicable for star bases intended to be used in child seating products.
It is applicable without regard to materials, design/construction or manufacturing processes.
It is a component standard helping to regulate star-base properties between component manufacturer and manufacturer of final seating. This document is not relevant for the final consumer where standards for complete articles exist.
The requirements are based upon star bases fitted with glides and with castors whose wheels are up to 65 mm diameter and for use by persons weighing up to 150 kg.

This document provides guidelines for one aspect of circular economy framework; disassembly and reassembly capability.
This document establishes a set of criteria on which to base an assessment of the ability to access and remove/replace/reassemble priority parts of products. The criteria provided are intended to be used when designing a product and are applicable to different designs, materials, or construction methods.
This document does not include requirements.
The document does not apply to disassembly operation for the sole purpose of separating the individual materials.
This document does not provide a method to evaluate the overall degree of circularity of furniture products. For this, additional complementary evaluation methods for other aspects are necessary.

This document specifies ergonomic, technical and safety requirements for wall-mounted and free standing writing boards, white projecting boards, interactive systems and interactive screens for use in rooms for educational and training purposes, e.g. classrooms, lecture theatres for schools, universities, etc.
This document applies to units after installation. Safety depending on the structure of the building is not included, e.g. the strength of wall-mounted boards includes only the board and its parts. The wall and the wall attachment are not included.
This document does not apply to technical aspects of connected hardware, such as computers, speakers, video cameras.
Requirements concerning electrical safety are not included.
Annex A (normative) Assessment scale for the ability to write – Five levels chalk scale
Annex B (normative) Test methods and requirements for white projecting boards
Annex C (informative) Additional test methods and requirements for white projecting boards
Annex D (normative) Test methods and requirements for interactive systems
Annex E (informative) Additional test methods and requirements for interactive systems
Annex F (normative) Test methods and requirements for interactive screens
Annex G (informative) Additional test methods and requirements for interactive screens
Annex H (normative) Surface flatness test
Annex I (informative) Vibration test

This document specifies test methods and requirements for the determination of the stability of all types of seating for adults weighing up to 110 kg, without regard to use, materials, design/construction or manufacturing process.
The test methods described can be used for seating for children and heavier adults by modifying test loads and loading points.
This document does not apply to children’s highchairs, table mounted chairs and bath seats which are covered by other European Standards.
This standard contains two Annexes:
Annex A (normative) – Seat loading pad data
Annex B (normative) – Test parameters

This document specifies the minimum requirements for the safety, strength and durability of all types of domestic tables intended for use by adults, including those with glass in their construction. It also contains additional test methods in Annex A and Annex B.
It does not apply to office tables and office desks, tables for non-domestic use, tables for educational institutions or outdoor tables for which European Standards exist.
It does not apply to trestle tables.
With the exception of stability tests, this document does not provide assessment of the suitability of any storage features included in domestic tables.
It does not include requirements for electrical safety.
It does not include requirements for the resistance to ageing and degradation.
Annex A (normative) contains test methods for finger entrapment.
Annex B (informative) contains a table top deflection test.
Annex C (informative) contains a rationale.

This document specifies requirements on safety, strength and durability for all types of fully assembled beds used by adults in domestic and non-domestic environments including their components, such as bed frames, bed bases, mattresses and mattress pads (when they form a unit with the mattress) and, when supplied with the bed base, mattresses and mattress pads.
The tests are based on use by persons weighing up to 110 kg.
With the exception of sleeping functions, it does not apply to foldaway beds.
It does not apply to bunk beds, high beds and medical beds where separate Standards exist, as well as waterbeds and air beds.
Additional requirements can be applicable to items that have additional functions, e.g. storage features, day beds and convertible sofa-beds.
The durability test, 6.6.1, test 11, applies only to electrically operated beds.
It does not include requirements for the resistance to ageing, degradation, flammability and electrical safety.
Annex A (normative) specifies test methods for finger entrapment.
Annex B (informative) gives a rationale.

This document specifies a test method for assessing the liquid water permeability of coating systems for exterior wood.

This document specifies safety requirements and test methods for chairs and tables for general educational purposes in educational institutions including kindergarten, childcare institutions and early years education settings.
It applies to furniture for use with laptop computers or portable devices, but not to special purpose workstations, e.g. laboratories, ranked seating and workshops.
The chairs fulfilling the applicable requirements of this document are suitable for users weighing up to 110kg.
The figures illustrate test principles only and cannot be used to carry out the tests.
NOTE   EN 1729-1 specifies functional dimensions and marking of chairs and tables for general educational institutions.
Annex A (informative) gives a test method for determination of the displacement of chairs placed on tabletops.

This Technical Specification describes a test method to measure the ultraviolet (UV) and visible (VIS) spectral transmittance in the wavelength range from 280 nm to 700 nm of coatings for exterior wood. From the spectral transmittance the transmittance of UV, VIS and the UV plus VIS wavelength range can be calculated.
It is applicable to free coatings films or coatings applied on a UV-transparent substrate.

This document specifies a method for the assessment of the surface reflectance of furniture surfaces and relates to rigid surfaces of all finished products regardless of materials, except for finishes on leather and fabrics, which are excluded from this document.
This document is applicable to the test, intended to be carried out on finished furniture, but can be carried out on test panels of the same material, finished in an identical manner to the finished product, and of a size sufficient to meet the requirements of the test.
The test method is not applicable to some metallic paints and pearly coatings.

This document specifies a method for the assessment of the surface resistance to microscratching and relates to rigid surfaces of all finished products, considering the following exceptions:
- Method A is suitable for all types of surface coatings and coverings except for lacquers with pearly or metallic effects.
- Method B is suitable for all types of surface.
- No method applies to finishes on leather and fabrics.
This document is applicable to the test intended to be carried out on a part of finished furniture, but it can be carried out on test panels of the same material, finished in an identical manner to the finished product, and of a size sufficient to meet the requirements of the test.
It is essential that the test be carried out on unused surfaces.

This document specifies a method for determining the tensile properties of free coating films, specifically for exterior wood applications. Typical tensile properties of interest are the modulus of elasticity, the tensile strength and the elongation at break during stretching of a free coating film at constant test speed. The test methods specified in this document are applicable to coatings from which free films can be made.

This document specifies a method for assessing the resistance of a coating system on wet wood to separation from the substrate by measuring the force necessary to detach or rupture the coating system by a normal tensile strain applied through an attached stud (dolly). Additional information is gained by noting the type and locus of failure. The force required for detachment will depend on several factors including the adhesion of the coating to the substrate and between intermediate coating layers. The procedure is not regarded as a direct means of measuring adhesion but an indicator of adhesive performance (adherence) under wet conditions.
A procedure for wetting the wood substrate is described. The test method is only suitable for wood and wood-based substrates.
For dry adhesion the test method can be carried out without wetting, in which case it will differ very little from EN ISO 4624.

This document specifies test methods for the strength and overload tests of connectors for furniture constructed from panel material and procedures for evaluating test results.
This document is specifically intended for assessing cabinet connectors for carcases made of wood-based panel materials. The methods described can, however, be used to assess the relative performance of other types of connectors, e.g. some types of connectors for beds.
The strength and overload tests only apply to the connectors and their components, as well as the mounting to and in the cabinet carcase. They do not apply to additional functions that the connector can have, e.g. covering of the connector.
The tests described in this document are carried out according to a test setup with specified properties and characteristics.
The test results are only valid for the connector tested. The results can be used to represent the performance of production models, provided the tested model is representative of the production model.
Aging and the influences of temperature and humidity are not included. This document contains four informative annexes, providing additional methodologies for the detailed evaluation of the test results and a procedure for comparing the tested connector with a reference connector:
-   Annex A (informative) Reference connector - Glued dowel;
-   Annex B (informative) Ratio generation;
-   Annex C (informative) Stiffness calculation for further evaluation of the overload;
-   Annex D (informative) Evaluation by the characteristic value (5 % percentile).

This document specifies test methods for the determination of corrosion resistance of furniture fittings as ready-to-use assemblies or their individual parts.
It applies to the optical assessment of surface changes for the following materials:
-   metals and their alloys;
-   metal coatings with anodic or cathodic properties;
-   conversion coatings;
-   anodic oxide layers;
-   organic coatings on metallic materials.
This document does not include any requirements regarding the corrosion resistance of furniture fittings. These can be given in the product specifications.

This document addresses performance criteria for coating systems on exterior wood. Performance requirements are specified according to three categories of end use (defined in EN 927 1) in terms of two mandatory tests, namely natural weathering performance testing carried out in accordance with EN 927 3, and water permeability in accordance with EN 927 5. Additional optional tests (non-mandatory) are tabled which can be used by suppliers, or for specification purposes, to provide additional information, to a standardized format, on aspects of performance relevant to specific situations. The majority of test methods are drawn from EN 927 (all parts), but where relevant additional tests from other national and international sources are used.
Requirements for claiming conformity with this document are defined and provide flexibility for different situations and can also provide a basis for certification.

This document specifies the dimensions of four types of office work chairs as well as test methods for their determination.
It does not apply to seating for children for which a European Standard exists.
Annex A (informative) contains a rationale for office chair dimensions.
Annex B (informative) contains an example to clarify the use of Table 2.
Annex C (informative) contains proposals for dimensions for headrests.
Annex D (informative) contains the measurement uncertainty.

This European Standard specifies safety requirements and test methods for all types of kitchen and bathroom storage units and domestic storage furniture and their components.
It does not apply to non-domestic storage, office storage, industrial storage, catering equipment, retail storage and industrial storage lockers.
It does not apply to units covered by EN 71 1, Safety of toys - Part 1: Mechanical and physical properties and EN 60065, Audio, video and similar electronic apparatus - Safety requirements (IEC 60065).
It does not include requirements for the resistance to ageing, degradation, flammability and electrical safety.
Safety that is dependent upon the structure of the building is not included, e.g. the strength of wall hanging units includes only the cabinet and its components including wall attachment devices. The wall and the wall attachments are not included.
Annex A (normative) contains additional test methods.
Annex B (informative) contains a guide to testing of units and components according to this document.
Annex C (informative) contains an example of loading of wall hanging units.
Annex D (informative) contains a method for calculation of vertical and horizontal acting forces.

This document specifies a system for the classification of the resistance to:
—   Dry heat;
—   Wet heat;
—   Cold liquids;
—   Abrasion;
—   Scratching;
—   Microscratching.
The classification applies to foils, laminates, melamine faced boards, pigmented and transparent lacquers. The classification for the resistance to cold liquids also applies to oils and waxes.
The following classification does not apply to leather surfaces.

This document specifies safety requirements and test methods for seating specifically intended for children who are able to walk and sit by themselves.
It applies to seating intended to be placed on the floor for domestic and non-domestic use including in day care centres and for indoor and outdoor use.
NOTE 1   Seating includes but is not limited to chairs, benches, stools, bean bags, deckchairs, rocking chairs, reclining chairs, armchairs, foldable chairs and swivel chairs.
It applies to the seating function only. If the seating has additional functions or can be converted into other products, the relevant European Standards could, in addition, apply. (See B.2).
It does not apply to children's highchairs, childcare articles such as reclined cradles and seating in educational institutions for which other European Standards exist.
NOTE 2   Seating in educational institutions are covered by the European Standards EN 1729-1 and EN 1729-2.
It does not apply to swing chairs, wheelchairs, electrical safety or seating for children with special needs.
The document contains 4 annexes as follows:
-   Annex A (informative) - Dimensional guidance for designing seating for children;
-   Annex B (informative) - Rationale for the inclusion of the safety requirements;
-   Annex C (informative) - Guidance for applicable tests according to seating size;
-   Annex ZA (informative) - Relationship between this European Standard and the safety requirements of Directive 2001/95/EC aimed to be covered.

This European Standard specifies safety requirements and test methods for mattresses including mattress bases and mattress toppers, used in children's cots, travel cots, cribs and suspended baby beds, for domestic and non-domestic use.
This European Standard does not apply to mattresses for carry cots and pram bodies, inflatable mattresses, water mattresses and mattresses used for medical purposes.

This document specifies a test method for assessing film extensibility by indentation of a coating on a defined and carefully selected wooden extensibility substrate for coatings on stable wood components in exterior use. The method is preferably be used on coatings that have not been exposed to weathering.

20201123 - TC - Corrects the element designation from "Mg" to "Mn" in the 12th dash of 6.1

This document contains suggested requirements for commonly used test mattresses and test foams specified in test method standards for furniture.
The document contains guidance that may be used by standards developers to ensure test equipment is consistent throughout furniture test standards.
The document contains guidance that may be used by test laboratories to provide a consistent source of test equipment when new standards are developed or older standards are revised.

This document specifies a test method for assessing the discoloration of coating systems on wood due to wood extractives from knots. The discoloration is measured by colourimetry and the result is stated as the colour difference between the coated surface on the knot and the coated surface beside the knot.

This document specifies a laboratory test method for assessing microfoam in coating films on wood components. Samples are taken from finished wood components that are produced in a production plant, by craftsmen or a laboratory.
The test method can be used for further evaluation together with the performance specification given in EN 927-2. The amount and size of microfoam depends upon the coating material, the substrate and the application process and conditions.

This document applies to workbenches, movable science tables and workbench shelves designed for use in educational institutions and similar laboratories. It does not apply to workbenches and working tables for industrial laboratories, institutes and universities or similar research institutions. It does not apply to fume cupboards
This document specifies safety and durability requirements and test methods and gives dimensions.
Requirements and test methods related to the fire safety or workbenches and to the resistance of the work surface are not included in this document.
Requirements concerning electrical safety and media services (eg water, gas, wastewater, compressed air) are not included in this document.

This document describes the method for assessing the resistance of paint coatings to separation from substrates when a double-X pattern is cut into the coating, penetrating through to the substrate and using a tape.
Where a measurement of adhesion is required, the method described in CEN/TS 927-9 may be used.
The double X-cut pattern has been especially designed for wood and wood like substrates to minimise the effects from the incisions and at the same time provide a coating segment enclosed by four cuts.

This document specifies safety requirements and test methods for cribs (including cradles, suspended cribs and bedside sleepers) for domestic and non-domestic use.
The requirements apply to cribs with a maximum internal length of crib base of 900 mm which are intended to provide sleeping accommodation for infants, until they are able to sit unaided or pull or push themselves up on their hands and knees.
This document does not apply to electrical safety.
It does not apply to cribs used for medical purposes or used in hospitals.
Products that can be converted into other items may be covered by other relevant European Standards.
Annex A (informative) includes a rationale.
Annex B (informative) includes an A-deviation.

This document specifies test methods for the verification of the loading capacity of all types of wall attachment devices for storage furniture and their components.
It does not apply to devices intended to prevent the overturning of storage furniture.
The tests consist of the application of loads and forces simulating normal functional use, as well as misuse that might reasonably be expected to occur.
With the exception of the corrosion test in 6.3, the tests are designed to evaluate properties without regard to materials, design/construction or manufacturing processes.
The tests can be applied to the part attached to the furniture alone or to the combination of the part attached to the furniture and the part attached to the wall. The attachment into the wall is not included.
The strength tests are carried out in a test frame with specified properties.
The test results are only valid for the devices tested. These results can be used to represent the performance of production model, provided that the tested model is representative of the production model.
With the exception of the corrosion test, ageing and influences of temperature and humidity are not included.
Annex A (normative) includes requirements for product information.
Annex B (informative) includes a method for the determination of loading capacity.
Annex C (informative) includes an approximate calculation of vertical and horizontal forces.

This document specifies a natural weathering test for exterior wood coating systems mainly intended for decoration and protection of planed and sawn wood.
The test provides a means of evaluating the performance of a wood coating system during outdoor exposure. It forms the basis for the performance specification in accordance with EN 927-2. It also facilitates the comparison of coating systems performance on different substrates including the wood species, or other wood modifications.

This document specifies a test method for assessing the resistance of a coating to impact on a defined and carefully selected wooden substrate for coatings on wood components in exterior use.
The method is preferably used on coatings that have not been exposed to weathering. The method is suitable for use either as a means of comparing different coating systems or as a quality control test to ensure that a specified performance level is being achieved or maintained.

This document defines visual assessment procedures for the appearance of furniture surfaces with regard to surface defects and colour and gloss variations.
It is not applicable to constructive features or geometric dimensions, e.g. parallelism of edges.
This standard is applicable to all furniture surfaces except textile and leather surfaces.
It applies to the incoming and outgoing goods inspections, as well as local assessments.

This European Standard specifies safety, strength and durability requirements on work tables.
It does not apply to other tables in the office area for which EN standard exists (EN 15372).
Annex A (informative) contains a test for deflection of tables tops.

This document specifies a test method for determining, under specified optional conditions, whether a single-coat film or a multi-coat system of paints and varnishes on wood after a specified drying period is sufficiently dry to avoid damage when two painted surfaces or one painted surface and another surface are placed in contact under pressure and subsequently separated. The method is intended to simulate the conditions when painted articles come into contact which each other. In comparison to EN ISO 9117-2, the conditioning and parameters which influence the behaviour of wood coatings are more specific.
NOTE   In some countries, the test is called a "block or blocking resistance" test.