SIST EN ISO 17200:2020
(Main)Nanotechnology - Nanoparticles in powder form - Characteristics and measurements (ISO 17200:2020)
Nanotechnology - Nanoparticles in powder form - Characteristics and measurements (ISO 17200:2020)
This document specifies the fundamental characteristics to be measured of a sample of engineered
nanoparticles in powder form to determine the size, the chemical content and the surface area. This
document also specifies measurement methods for determining each of the characteristics.
It is intended to facilitate communication among consumers, regulators and industries with the
necessary characteristics.
It excludes characteristics that pertain to specific industrial applications of nanoparticles in powder
form and detailed measurement protocols, as well as characteristics related to health, safety and
environmental issues.
Nanotechnologien - Nanopartikel in Pulverform - Eigenschaften und Messung (ISO 17200:2020)
Dieses Dokument legt die grundlegenden zu messenden Eigenschaften einer pulverförmigen Probe technischer Nanopartikel fest, um deren Größe, Gehalt an chemischen Stoffen und Oberfläche zu bestimmen. Dieses Dokument legt außerdem Messverfahren zur Bestimmung jeder dieser Eigenschaften fest.
Es ist dafür vorgesehen, die Kommunikation zwischen Verbrauchern, Regulierungsbehörden und der Industrie hinsichtlich der erforderlichen Eigenschaften zu erleichtern.
Es schließt Eigenschaften aus, die spezielle industrielle Anwendungen von pulverförmigen Nanopartikeln betreffen, wie auch detaillierte Messprotokolle sowie Eigenschaften, die sich auf gesundheits , sicherheits und umweltbezogene Themen beziehen.
Nanotechnologies - Nanoparticules sous forme de poudre - Caractéristiques et mesures (ISO 17200:2020)
Le présent document spécifie les caractéristiques fondamentales à mesurer sur un échantillon de nanoparticules d'ingénierie sous forme de poudre afin d'en déterminer la taille, la composition chimique et la surface spécifique. Il spécifie également des méthodes de mesure permettant de déterminer chacune de ces caractéristiques.
Il est destiné à faciliter la communication entre les consommateurs, les régulateurs et les industriels, en définissant les caractéristiques nécessaires.
Le présent document ne traite ni des caractéristiques se rapportant à des applications industrielles spécifiques des nanoparticules sous forme de poudre, ni des protocoles de mesure détaillés, ainsi que des caractéristiques liées aux problèmes de santé, de sécurité et d'environnement.
Nanotehnologija - Nanodelci v obliki prahu - Karakteristike in mere (ISO 17200:2020)
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 17200:2020
01-december-2020
Nadomešča:
SIST-TS CEN ISO/TS 17200:2015
Nanotehnologija - Nanodelci v obliki prahu - Karakteristike in mere (ISO
17200:2020)
Nanotechnology - Nanoparticles in powder form - Characteristics and measurements
(ISO 17200:2020)
Nanotechnologien - Nanopartikel in Pulverform - Eigenschaften und Messung (ISO
17200:2020)
Nanotechnologies - Nanoparticules sous forme de poudre - Caractéristiques et mesures
(ISO 17200:2020)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 17200:2020
ICS:
07.120 Nanotehnologije Nanotechnologies
SIST EN ISO 17200:2020 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN ISO 17200:2020
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SIST EN ISO 17200:2020
EN ISO 17200
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
September 2020
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 07.120 Supersedes CEN ISO/TS 17200:2015
English Version
Nanotechnology - Nanoparticles in powder form -
Characteristics and measurements (ISO 17200:2020)
Nanotechnologies - Nanoparticules sous forme de Nanotechnologien - Nanopartikel in Pulverform -
poudre - Caractéristiques et mesurages (ISO Eigenschaften und Messung (ISO 17200:2020)
17200:2020)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 25 August 2020.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2020 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 17200:2020 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST EN ISO 17200:2020
EN ISO 17200:2020 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
2
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SIST EN ISO 17200:2020
EN ISO 17200:2020 (E)
European foreword
This document (EN ISO 17200:2020) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 229
"Nanotechnologies" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 352 “Nanotechnologies” the
secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 2021, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by March 2021.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes CEN ISO/TS 17200:2015.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the
United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 17200:2020 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 17200:2020 without any modification.
3
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SIST EN ISO 17200:2020
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SIST EN ISO 17200:2020
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 17200
First edition
2020-09
Nanotechnology — Nanoparticles in
powder form — Characteristics and
measurements
Nanotechnologies — Nanoparticules sous forme de poudre —
Caractéristiques et mesurages
Reference number
ISO 17200:2020(E)
©
ISO 2020
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SIST EN ISO 17200:2020
ISO 17200:2020(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2020
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 17200:2020
ISO 17200:2020(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Abbreviated terms . 3
5 Characteristics to be measured and their measurement methods .3
5.1 General . 3
5.2 Chemical composition . 4
5.3 Crystallographic components content . 4
5.4 Specific surface area . 5
5.5 Diameter of primary particle . 5
5.6 Crystallite size. 6
6 Sampling and sample preparation . 6
7 Test report . 6
Annex A (informative) Applicability to chemical compounds and metals . 7
Bibliography . 8
© ISO 2020 – All rights reserved iii
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SIST EN ISO 17200:2020
ISO 17200:2020(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www .iso .org/
iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 229 Nanotechnologies, in collaboration
with the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC 352,
Nanotechnologies, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN
(Vienna Agreement).
This first edition cancels and replaces ISO/TS 17200:2013, which has been technically revised. The
main changes compared with the previous edition are as follows:
— ISO documents for primary particle size measurements by electron microscope have been updated;
— the descriptions of characteristics to be measured and their measurement methods based on the
purpose of this document have been changed;
— the requirement for crystallite size measurement has been relaxed.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
iv © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 17200:2020
ISO 17200:2020(E)
Introduction
As is commonly noticed for every technology concerned with the development of new materials, and for
nanotechnology in particular, communication and mutual understanding of material characteristics are
important among consumers, regulators and industries. In the case of nanoparticles, the stakeholders’
basic interest is in the characteristics of nanoparticles in a material, i.e. what nanoparticles are present
and what is the size distribution of nanoparticles. Such identification of nanoparticles in a material can
be facilitated by the development of standards for nanoparticle characteristics and their measurement
methods.
This document provides standardized methods for identifying and characterizing nanoparticles
in powder form. Other standards have been developed for specific materials, i.e. ISO/TS 11931 and
ISO/TS 11937 for calcium carbonates and titanium dioxides, respectively. This document is generic
and may apply to nanoparticles composed generally of metal/metal ion and counter-ion, and to carbon
materials (e.g. fullerenes and fullerene derivatives) and polymers (e.g. polystyrene). The applicability
of this document includes calcium carbonate and titanium dioxide. This document is applicable to both
coated and uncoated nanoparticles.
This document facilitates communication and mutual understanding among consumers, regulators and
industries about the characteristics of nanoparticles. It supports consumers in purchasing and using
nanoparticle-containing products, regulators in establishing legislative frameworks, and industries in
setting up voluntary risk control systems.
© ISO 2020 – All rights reserved v
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SIST EN ISO 17200:2020
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SIST EN ISO 17200:2020
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 17200:2020(E)
Nanotechnology — Nanoparticles in powder form —
Characteristics and measurements
1 Scope
This document specifies the fundamental characteristics to be measured of a sample of engineered
nanoparticles in powder form to determine the size, the chemical content and the surface area. This
document also specifies measurement methods for determining each of the characteristics.
It is intended to facilitate communication among consumers, regulators and industries with the
necessary characteristics.
It excludes characteristics that pertain to specific industrial applications of nanoparticles in powder
form and detailed measurement protocols, as well as characteristics related to health, safety and
environmental issues.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 9276-1, Representation of results of particle size analysis — Part 1: Graphical representation
ISO/TS 80004-1, Nanotechnologies — Vocabulary — Part 1: Core terms
ISO/TS 80004-2, Nanotechnologies — Vocabulary — Part 2: Nano-objects
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/TS 80004-1, ISO/TS 80004-2
and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
area equivalent diameter
diameter of a circle having the same area as the projected image of the particle
[SOURCE: ISO 13322-1:2014, 3.1.1, modified — Note 1 to entry has been deleted.]
3.2
crystallite
small crystalline domain in the material
3.3
engineered nanoparticle
nanoparticle (3.6) designed for specific purpose or function
Note 1 to entry: In this document, the powder material containing engineered nanoparticles and provided for the
measurement is called the "nanoparticles sample" and may be abbreviated to "sample".
© ISO 2020 – All rights reserved 1
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...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN ISO 17200:2019
01-september-2019
Nanotehnologija - Nanodelci v obliki prahu - Karakteristike in mere (ISO/DIS
17200:2019)
Nanotechnology - Nanoparticles in powder form - Characteristics and measurements
(ISO/DIS 17200:2019)
Nanotechnologien - Nanopartikel in Pulverform - Eigenschaften und Messung (ISO/DIS
17200:2019)
Nanotechnologies - Nanoparticules sous forme de poudre - Caractéristiques et mesures
(ISO/DIS 17200:2019)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN ISO 17200
ICS:
07.120 Nanotehnologije Nanotechnologies
oSIST prEN ISO 17200:2019 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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oSIST prEN ISO 17200:2019
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oSIST prEN ISO 17200:2019
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/DIS 17200
ISO/TC 229 Secretariat: BSI
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
2019-06-14 2019-09-06
Nanotechnology — Nanoparticles in powder form —
Characteristics and measurements
Nanotechnologies — Nanoparticules sous forme de poudre — Caractéristiques et mesures
ICS: 07.120
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
This document is circulated as received from the committee secretariat.
FOR COMMENT AND APPROVAL. IT IS
THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND MAY
NOT BE REFERRED TO AS AN INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD UNTIL PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL,
TECHNOLOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND
USER PURPOSES, DRAFT INTERNATIONAL
STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO
BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR
POTENTIAL TO BECOME STANDARDS TO
WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
Reference number
NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO/DIS 17200:2019(E)
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED
TO SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS,
NOTIFICATION OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT
RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE AND TO
©
PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION. ISO 2019
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oSIST prEN ISO 17200:2019
ISO/DIS 17200:2019(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2019
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 17200:2019
ISO/DIS 17200:2019(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Abbreviations. 3
5 Characteristics to be measured and their measurement methods .3
5.1 General . 3
5.2 Chemical compounds content . 4
5.3 Crystallographic components content . 4
5.4 Specific surface area . 4
5.5 Primary particle size . 5
5.6 Crystallite size of primary particle . 5
6 Sampling and sample preparation . 6
7 Reporting . 6
Annex A (informative) Applicability to chemical compounds and metals . 7
Bibliography . 8
© ISO 2019 – All rights reserved iii
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oSIST prEN ISO 17200:2019
ISO/DIS 17200:2019(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www .iso
.org/iso/foreword .html.
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 229 Nanotechnologies.
This document cancels and replaces ISO/TS 17200:2013.
iv © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
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oSIST prEN ISO 17200:2019
ISO/DIS 17200:2019(E)
Introduction
As is commonly noticed for every technology concerned with the development of new materials, and
for nanotechnology in particular, communication and mutual understanding of material characteristics
are important among consumers, regulators and industries. In the case of nanoparticles, the
stakeholders’ basic interest is in the characteristics, if any, of nanoparticles in a material, i.e. whether
or not nanoparticles are included, what nanoparticles are present and what the size distribution of
nanoparticles is. Such identification of nanoparticles in a material can be facilitated by the development
of standards for nanoparticle characteristics and their measurement methods.
This International Standards (IS) provide with standardized techniques for identifying nanoparticles in
a particle sample in powder form. Such standards, however, have been developed for specific materials
as ISO Technical Specifications, i.e. ISO/TS 11931 and ISO/TS 11937 for calcium carbonates and titanium
dioxides, respectively. This IS is a generic document instead being applicable to nanoparticles of general
chemical compounds and metals, including calcium carbonates and titanium dioxides.
This IS will facilitate communication and mutual understanding among consumers, regulators and
industries about the characteristics of nanoparticles. It will support consumers in purchasing and using
nanoparticles-containing products, regulators in establishing legislative frameworks, and industries in
setting up voluntary risk control systems.
© ISO 2019 – All rights reserved v
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oSIST prEN ISO 17200:2019
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oSIST prEN ISO 17200:2019
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 17200:2019(E)
Nanotechnology — Nanoparticles in powder form —
Characteristics and measurements
1 Scope
This International Standard (IS) specifies fundamental characteristics to be measured of an engineered
nanoparticles sample to determine the size, the chemical composition and the specific surface area of
nanoparticles in powder form. This IS is applied to both particles that have a covering material on
the surface of a core material and that do not have it. The IS also specifies measurement methods for
determining each of these characteristics.
Excluded in this IS are characteristics that pertain to industrial applications of nanoparticles in powder
form and detailed measurement protocols as well as characteristics related to health, safety, and
environmental issues.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 3262-1:1997, Extenders for paints — Specifications and methods of test — Part 1: Introduction and
general test methods
ISO 591-1:2000, Titanium dioxide pigments for paints — Part 1: Specifications and methods of test
ISO 21079-2:2008, Chemical analysis of refractories containing alumina, zirconia, and silica — Refractories
containing 5 percent to 45 percent of ZrO2 (alternative to the X-ray fluorescence method) — Part 2: Wet
chemical analysis
ISO 9298:2017, Rubber compounding ingredients — Zinc oxide — Test methods
ISO 312:1986, Manganese ores — Determination of active oxygen content, expressed as manganese
dioxide — Titrimetric method
ISO 9286:1997, Abrasive grains and crude — Chemical analysis of silicon carbide
ISO 21068-1:2008, Chemical analysis of silicon-carbide-containing raw materials and refractory
products — Part 1: General information and sample preparation
ISO 17947:2014, Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) — Methods for chemical
analysis of fine silicon nitride powders
ISO 17942:2014, Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) — Methods for chemical
analysis of boron nitride powders
ISO 2561:2012, Plastics — Determination of residual styrene monomer in polystyrene (PS) and impact-
resistant polystyrene (PS-I) by gas chromatography
ISO 9276-1:1998, Representation of results of particle size analysis — Part 1: Graphical representation
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/TS 80004-1:2015 and ISO/
TS 80004-2 and the followings apply.
© ISO 2019 – All rights reserved 1
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oSIST prEN ISO 17200:2019
ISO/DIS 17200:2019(E)
3.1
transmission electron microscopy
TEM
method that produces magnified images or diffraction patterns of the specimen by an electron beam
which passes through the specimen and interacts with it
[S OU RC E: I S O29301: 2010]
3.2
X-ray diffraction
XRD
method to obtain crystallographic information about a sample by observing the diffraction pattern due
to an X-ray beam hitting a sample
[SOURCE: ISO/TS 80004-6:2013]
3.3
specific surface area
absolute surface area of the sample divided by sample mass
[SOURCE: ISO 9277:2010, 3.11]
Note 1 to entry: In this International Standards, the absolute surface area is estimated by measuring the amount
of physically adsorbed gas using the BET method.[14 ]
3.4
feret diameter
distance between two parallel tangents on opposite sides of the image of a particle
[S OU RC E: I S O13322 -1: 20 0 4]
3.5
primary particle
original source particle of agglomerates or aggregates or mixture of the two
Note 1 to entry: Constituent particles of agglomerates or aggregates at a certain actual state may be primary
particles, but often the constituents are aggregates.
[SOURCE: ISO/TS 80004-2 2015, 3.2]
3.6
nanoparticle
nano-object with all external dimensions in the nanoscale where the lengths of the longest and the
shortest axes of the nano-object do not differ significantly
Note 1 to entry: If the dimension
...
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