SIST EN 14404:2005+A1:2010
(Main)Personal protective equipment - Knee protectors for work in the kneeling position
Personal protective equipment - Knee protectors for work in the kneeling position
This document specifies the requirements for knee protectors for use in a kneeling position. Requirements for the marking of knee protectors and the information to be supplied by the manufacturer are given. Test methods are described and performance levels are defined. Where protection against additional hazards is claimed, performance requirements from other applicable standards may also be applied. This standard does not apply to knee protectors that are medical devices or are intended for sports.
Persönliche Schutzausrüstung - Knieschutz für Arbeiten in kniender Haltung
Diese Europäische Norm legt die Anforderungen an Knieschutz für Arbeiten in kniender Haltung fest. Es werden Anforderungen an die Kennzeichnung von Knieschutz und die Herstellerinformationen gestellt. Es werden Prüfverfahren beschrieben und Leistungsstufen definiert. Ist Schutz gegen zusätzliche Gefährdungen erforderlich, dürfen Leistungsanforderungen anderer zutreffender Normen ebenfalls angewendet werden. Diese Norm gilt nicht für Knieschutz, der ein Medizinprodukt oder für den Sport vorgesehen ist.
Êquipements de protection individuelle - Protection des genoux pour le travail à genoux
La présente Norme européenne spécifie les exigences relatives aux protections des genoux pour le travail à genoux.
Elle présente les exigences de marquage des protections des genoux ainsi que la notice d’information du fabricant.
Elle décrit les méthodes d’essai et définit des niveaux de performance. Si une protection contre des dangers
additionnels est requise, les exigences de performance d’autres normes applicables peuvent également
être appliquées.
La présente Norme européenne ne s’applique pas aux protections des genoux qui sont des dispositifs médicaux ou
sont destinées au sport.
Osebna varovalna oprema - Ščitniki za kolena za delo v klečečem položaju
Ta dokument določa zahteve za ščitnike za kolena, ki se uporabljajo v klečečem položaju. Podane so zahteve za označevanje ščitnikov za kolena in podatki, ki jih mora zagotoviti proizvajalec. Opisane so metode preskušanja ter opredeljene ravni obnašanja. Kadar je potrebna zaščita proti dodatnim nevarnostim, se lahko uporabijo tudi zahteve za zmogljivost iz drugih veljavnih standardov. Ta standard se ne uporablja za ščitnike za kolena, ki so medicinski pripomočki ali so namenjeni športu.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.RORåDMXPersönliche Schutzausrüstung - Knieschutz für Arbeiten in kniender HaltungÊquipements de protection individuelle - Protection des genoux pour le travail à genouxPersonal protective equipment - Knee protectors for work in the kneeling position13.340.50Varovanje nog in stopalLeg and foot protectionICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 14404:2004+A1:2010SIST EN 14404:2005+A1:2010en,fr,de01-april-2010SIST EN 14404:2005+A1:2010SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
SIST EN 14404:2005+A1:2010
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 14404:2004+A1
January 2010 ICS 13.340.50 Supersedes EN 14404:2004English Version
Personal protective equipment - Knee protectors for work in the kneeling position
Êquipements de protection individuelle - Protection des genoux pour le travail à genoux
Persönliche Schutzausrüstung - Knieschutz für Arbeiten in kniender Haltung This European Standard was approved by CEN on 2 September 2004 and includes Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 28 November 2009.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels © 2010 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 14404:2004+A1:2010: ESIST EN 14404:2005+A1:2010
EN 14404:2004+A1:2010 (E) 2 Contents page Foreword .3Introduction .41Scope .52Normative references .53Terms and definitions .54Performance levels .65Requirements .65.1General requirements .65.2Requirements for knee protectors .65.3Optional requirements – water resistance . 125.4Ergonomic requirements . 126Test methods . 126.1General . 126.2Products for testing . 126.3Conditioning . 126.4Examination . 136.5Penetration resistance . 136.6Force distribution . 136.7Impact testing . 166.8Restraint testing. 176.9Water resistance of knee protectors. 186.10Ergonomic testing - Wearer trials . 186.11Compliance of straps . 197Marking . 208Information to be supplied by the manufacturer . 21Annex A (informative)
Information on the problems of using knee protectors for work in the kneeling position . 23A.1General . 23A.2Advice to users . 23Annex ZA (informative)
Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 89/686/EEC . 24Bibliography . 25 SIST EN 14404:2005+A1:2010
EN 14404:2004+A1:2010 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 14404:2004+A1:2010) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 162 “Protective clothing including hand and arm protection and lifejackets”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by July 2010, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by July 2010. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document includes Amendment 1, approved by CEN on 2009-11-28. This document supersedes EN 14404:2004. The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags!"This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s). For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
SIST EN 14404:2005+A1:2010
EN 14404:2004+A1:2010 (E) 4 Introduction Kneeling is an unnatural working position. Without knee protectors, workers may suffer discomfort and immediate injuries from hard surfaces and small stones and similar objects lying on the surfaces. However no knee protector can ensure that workers will not suffer medical complications if they are required to kneel for long periods. It is important that knee protectors do not compromise venous drainage in the leg while kneeling or standing up. Therefore it is important that it is easy for workers to change position and to stand up to re-establish a normal blood circulation at frequent intervals while wearing knee protectors. Work in a kneeling position involves the risk of chronic diseases such as prepatellar bursitis and cartilage injuries caused by continuous pressure on the knees. Knee protection is therefore recommended for all work in the kneeling position. The protection should distribute forces evenly and prevent small hard objects on the ground causing injuries. Many workers have pre-existing damage to their knees particularly to their cartilages from sports injuries and from previous work. These injuries will be made worse by further kneeling, but knee protectors should slow the process. Work in a kneeling position may expose the skin of the shins, knees and thighs to toxic and corrosive materials normally kept off the body while walking and standing by waterproof or water-resistant footwear. Knee protectors and trousers for use with such wet materials and particularly wet cement, should take this into account and provide adequate protection, as does footwear. Knee protectors incorporated into trousers or attached to trousers or worn over trousers or on the bare knees should remain in place while kneeling down, and while shuffling (walking) on the knees. Their size should ensure that they protect the knees during movement. !deleted text" SIST EN 14404:2005+A1:2010
EN 14404:2004+A1:2010 (E) 5 1 Scope This document specifies the requirements for knee protectors for use in a kneeling position. Requirements for the marking of knee protectors and the information to be supplied by the manufacturer are given. Test methods are described and performance levels are defined. Where protection against additional hazards is claimed, performance requirements from other applicable standards may also be applied. This standard does not apply to knee protectors that are medical devices or are intended for sports. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 340, Protective clothing — General requirements EN 863:1995, Protective clothing — Mechanical properties — Test method: Puncture resistance !ISO 7000, Graphical symbols for use on equipment — Index and synopsis" 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 knee protectors devices used by people kneeling down to protect their knees 3.2 Type 1 knee protectors knee protectors that are independent of other clothing and fasten around the leg 3.3 Type 2 knee protectors foam plastic or other padding material in pockets on trouser legs, or permanently attached to trousers NOTE The position of Type 2 knee protectors on trousers may be fixed or adjustable. 3.4 Type 3 knee protectors devices not attached to the body, but put into place as the user moves around. These may be for each knee or both knees together 3.5 Type 4 knee protectors knee protectors for one or both knees, which are parts of devices with additional functions such as a frame to aid standing up, or a kneeling seat. The knee protectors may be worn on the body or be independent 3.6 fastening part of a knee protector, which keeps it in the right position SIST EN 14404:2005+A1:2010
EN 14404:2004+A1:2010 (E) 6 3.7 zone of protection !contact surface between knee protector and knee and/or leg, on which weight is put on while the user is kneeling, that is intended to provide protection according to the information provided by the manufacturer and is subject to specific testing" 3.8 centre of the back of the knee junction of the skin of the thigh and the shin when the knee is flexed to an angle of 90º at the centre of the popliteal fossa 4 Performance levels !Three" performance levels are defined by performance requirements in laboratory tests given in Clauses 5 and 6. NOTE Performance levels are defined by the severity of the test conditions. ! level 0 knee protectors suitable only for use on flat floor surfaces and providing no protection against penetration. level 1 knee protectors suitable for use on flat or non-flat floor surfaces and providing protection against penetration at a force of at least (100 ± 5) N. level 2 knee protectors suitable for use on flat or non-flat floor surfaces in severe conditions and providing protection against penetration at a force of at least (250 ± 10) N." 5 Requirements 5.1 General requirements Knee protectors shall meet a general requirement that they are safe to use and fit for their purpose. They shall be designed and manufactured to provide protection when used according to the manufacturer’s instructions, without endangering the user. Knee protectors shall meet the innocuousness requirements of EN 340. There shall not be hard or sharp edges, seams, buckles or other items on the inner surfaces of the products that could harm the user during normal use. Examination shall be made according to 6.4. Construction materials and incorporated substances shall not harm those coming into contact with them. The manufacturer shall list in the information supplied with the product, the substances used in the main components of the product, and shall label any product containing substances or preparations generally known to be hazardous, as defined in EN 340. 5.2 Requirements for knee protectors 5.2.1 Summary of specific requirements Table 1 summarizes the specific requirements for the different Types of knee protectors. !These requirements apply to all the levels (0, 1 and 2) unless it is stated otherwise in the specific clause." SIST EN 14404:2005+A1:2010
EN 14404:2004+A1:2010 (E) 7 Table 1 — Summary of specific requirements for types of knee protector and the tests applicable Requirement Type of protector to which the requirement applies Clauses describing the tests applicable Clause number Subject 5.1 Innocuousness All Types EN 340 and
6.3.1 + 6.4 5.2.2 Type 4 protectors to meet requirements for Type 1 or Type 3 protectors as applicable Type 4 - 5.2.3 Size designation and marking All Types 6.3.1 + 6.4 5.2.4 Dimensions All Types 6.3.1 + 6.4 5.2.5 Penetration resistance (Performance levels 1 and 2) All Types 6.3.1 + 6.5 (EN 863:1995) 5.2.6 Force distribution !deleted text" All Types 6.3.2 + 6.3.1 + 6.6 5.2.7 Peak transmitted force in impact !deleted text" All Types 6.3.2 + 6.3.1 + 6.7 5.2.8.1 General requirements for restraint Type 1, Type 2 and Type 4 a 6.4 + 8 5.2.8.2 Restraint by straps or equivalent system Type 1. Type 4 a 6.3.1 + 6.8.1 5.2.8.3 Restraint in pockets or by attachment to trousers Type 2 6.3.1 + 6.8.2 SIST EN 14404:2005+A1:2010
EN 14404:2004+A1:2010 (E) 8
Table 1 (concluded) Requirement Type of protector to which the requirement applies Clauses describing the tests applicable Clause number Subject 5.3
Optional requirement for water resistance Any type for which the claim is made. (Type 2 water resistance will depend on the properties of the trousers) 6.3.1 + 6.9 Type 1, 6.9.1 Type 3, 6.9.2 Type 4, 6.9.3 5.4 5.4.1
Ergonomics
Restraint and comfort during use
All Types All types
6.3.1 +
Type 1, 6.10.1
Type 2, 6.10.2
Type 3, 6.10.3
Type 4, 6.10.4 5.4.2 Compliance of straps Type 1 and Type 4 a 6.3.1 + 6.10.5 7 Marking All Types Comparison with 7 8 Information for users All Types Comparison with 8 a Applicable if the Type 4 protector is of similar design to the Type of protector to which this clause applies directly.
5.2.2 Type 4 – Knee protectors Type 4 knee protectors shall meet the requirements for Type 1 or Type 3 knee protectors depending on whether they are worn on the body or are independent, as applicable. 5.2.3 Size All knee protectors shall be marked with their size based on the waist girth of the users they are intended to fit. The sizing shall be explained in the information supplied by the manufacturers. 5.2.4 Dimensions The zones of protection shall have dimensions as specified in Table 2. The values of the dimensions shall be calculated from the waist girth of largest size of the user the protector is designed to fit, or in the case of “one size fits all” products a waist girth of !100 cm". The shapes of the zones of protection are shown in
Figure 1. When measured according to 6.4 on the inside of the knee protector the material providing protection shall be larger than the minimum zone of protection calculated from Table 2. SIST EN 14404:2005+A1:2010
EN 14404:2004+A1:2010 (E) 9 Table 2 — Dimensions of the zones of protection of knee protectors Knee protector type Minimum values for height and width of zones of protection of knee protectors expressed as a percentage of the waist girth of the largest intended user Maximum values for the radius of curvature of corners of zones of protection, in mm Height
l1 Width
l2 Proximal
r1 Distal
r2 Type 1 18 12 70 25 Type 2
-
not adjustable, or loose
in a pocket
- adjustable in a vertical direction by at least 4% of the waist girth of the largest intended user and capable of being fixed in position
24
20 12
12 25 25 Type 3 24 40 100 25
SIST EN 14404:2005+A1:2010
EN 14404:2004+A1:2010 (E) 10
Key
l1 Height of the zone of protection l2 Width of the zone of protection r1 Radius of curvature of a proximal (upper) corner of a knee protector r2 Radius of curvature of a distal (lower) corner of a knee protector a) Type 1 knee protector b) Type 2 knee protector c) Type 3 knee protector
Figure 1 — Shapes of the zones of protection of knee protectors SIST EN 14404:2005+A1:2010
EN 14404:2004+A1:2010 (E) 11
5.2.5 Penetration resistance Knee protectors conforming to performance level 1 shall resist complete penetration at a force of at least (100 ± 5) N, and knee protectors conforming to performance level 2 shall resist complete penetration at a force of at least (250 ± 10) N, when tested in accordance with 6.5. The internal face of the knee protectors shall not deflect by more than 5 mm. 5.2.6 Force distribution When tested according to 6.6 the mean force recorded by each transducer shall be less than 30 N in the tests on the flat anvil. 5.2.7 Peak transmitted force When tested in accordance with 6.7 the peak transmitted forces in test impacts shall not exceed the values in Table 3 in impacts at the energies given in Table 3. Table 3 — Impact performance requirements Impact energy J Mean of all peak transmitted force measurements kN Highest value of a single peak transmitted force kN 5 3 4
5.2.8 Restraint 5.2.8.1 General Type 1 and Type 2 knee protectors that are worn on the body shall be provided with a restraint system that ensures that they are correctly placed for working in the kneeling position. This restraint may be achieved using integral straps with buckles, touch and close fasteners, separate “harness” or other items of protective equipment or clothing. The manufacturer shall give details of how adequate restraint of the knee protectors may be achieved in the Information supplied by the manufacturer. 5.2.8.2 Type 1 Knee protectors !Knee protectors that fasten around the leg shall be provided with straps at least 30 mm wide. The straps shall not roll up during use." Straps shall be continuously adjustable. No part of a strap shall pass within 10 mm of the centre of the back of the knee when the protector is on a leg and the knee is bent. Assessment shall be made according to 6.4. The restraint system for the knee protectors shall be assessed as described in 6.8.1. The knee protector shall not be displaced by more than 5 cm, when the test force is applied and shall return to within 2 cm of its initial position when the force is removed. The force to be resisted shall be (10 ± 1) N. If knee protectors are restrained by a system that does not use straps the manufacturer shall demonstrate that venous drainage is unlikely to be impaired. (See informative Annex A) 5.2.8.3 Type 2 Knee protectors Knee protectors in trousers shall be held in closed pockets or attached to the trousers in another way. If not in pockets they shall not be removable by a force of (100 ± 5) N as described in 6.8.2. SIST EN 14404:2005+A1:2010
EN 14404:2004+A1:2010 (E) 12 5.3 Optional requirements – water resistance When tested according to 6.9 the inside surface of the knee protectors and the filter paper shall remain dry. 5.4 Ergonomic requirements 5.4.1 Restraint and comfort during use Knee protectors shall be found acceptable in wearer trials conducted according with 6.10.1 to 6.10.4. 5.4.2 Compliance of straps The restraint system for Type 1 knee protectors shall be elastic. When retained by straps the force required to stretch any strap according to 6.11 by 4 cm shall be less than (10 ±1) N. 6 Test methods 6.1 General Measuring instruments unless otherwise specified shall be accurate to ± 2 % of the pass/fail level of the characteristic being measured. For each of the required sequences of measurements performed in accordance with this standard a corresponding estimate of the uncertainty of the final result shall be determined. This uncertainty (Um) shall be given in the test report in the form Um = ± X. It shall be used in determining whether a “Pass” performance has been achieved. If the final result minus Um is below the pass level when the requirement that a certain value shall be exceeded, the sample shall be deemed to have failed. 6.2 Products for testing At least eight pairs of knee protectors shall be supplied for testing. At least one pair shall be supplied of each size that is placed on the market. They shall be complete and ready to use. Knee protectors shall be supplied complete with the labels and information supplied by the manufacturer. Knee protectors for fitting into trousers shall be supplied with appropriate trousers. They shall be tested in the pockets from these trousers. For protectors fitted to trousers supplied in more than five sizes, five representative sizes of trousers only need to be supplied. 6.3 Conditioning 6.3.1 Before all test procedures Unused knee protectors (and trousers) shall be conditioned for at least 24 h at a temperature of (20 ± 2) °C and a relative humidity of (65 ± 5) % prior to testing. Tests shall to be made in this atmosphere or within 10 min from removing the test specimen from there. 6.3.2 Before peak transmitted force measurement Each impact test site marked according to 6.4 and 6.7.2 shall be impacted four times at 5 J prior to impacting at 5 J and the recording of the peak transmitted force. All impacts on a test site shall be completed within 5
min. SIST EN 14404:2005+A1:2010
EN 14404:2004+A1:2010 (E) 13 6.4 Examination Knee protectors shall be examined visually and by hand to locate any hard or sharp edges, seams, buckles, or other items that might injure the user or others during normal use. Documents supplied by the manufacturer shall be examined to determine whether the claim that the materials are suitable for use in protective clothing and equipment is justified. Testing to ensure that the requirement is met shall be carried out if the documents examined are not adequate. The information supplied by the manufacturer (Clause 8) shall be examined for a list of substances used in the main components of the products. The results of the examination shall be recorded in the test report. The dimensions of the product, restraint systems and adjustments, shall be measured with appropriate tape measures or other devices accurate to within 1 % of the dimension being measured. The results shall be compared with the calculated values for the dimensions determined from the requirements in 5.2.4, for the largest intended user indicated in the information supplied by the manufacturer. The size marked on the product and details in the Information supplied by the manufacturer (see Clause 8) shall be examined to determine whether the product corresponds to the marking and to the information given. The results of the examination shall be recorded in the test report. The knee protectors shall be marked on their outer surfaces with the minimum required dimensions of the zones of protection for their sizes based on the size of the largest intended user. All sizes shall be examined to determine whether their construction appears to provide similar protection throughout the required zone of protection. At least one knee protector shall be taken apart to verify its construction. Any areas with apparently reduced protection shall be marked for subsequent mechanical testing. Type 1 knee protectors shall be put on by appropriately sized subjects and the positions of the straps shall be examined. It shall be verified that no edge of a strap is closer than 10 mm to the centre of the back of the knee, when the knee is bent after five complete flexing and extending movements. 6.5 Penetration resistance Penetration resistance shall be measured according to EN 863 at velocity of (100 ± 10) mm/min. Five tests shall be made distributed throughout the zone of protection of the knee protector, including potentially weak points.
The test spike shall be applied to the outer face of the knee protector. The maximum deflection of the inner face of the knee protector shall be measured by a method having a resolution of < 0,5 mm. 6.6 Force distribution 6.6.1 Apparatus A test knee shall be used. It shall be made out of hard plastics, wood or metal. !NOTE The BGIA test knee “Kandy” is suitable.1" It is illustrated in Figures 2 and 3. The test knee shall be equipped with three force transducers placed as shown in Figures 2 and 3. The surface of the transducers shall be shaped to match the surface of the "Kandy" knee at the points where they are inserted. The surfaces shall follow the profile of the original "Kandy" knee with a tolerance of ± 0,5 mm. The transducers shall have the dimensions shown in Figure 4. The force transducers shall be connected to a recording system. The overall accuracy of the system shall be ± 1 N.
1 Dimensions of the knee and possible sources of supply are available from !BGIA der DGUV", Alte Heerstrasse 111, D-53757 Sankt Augustin, Germany. Phone: 0049 2241 231 02. This information is given for the convenience of users of this standard and does not constitute an endorsement by CEN/TC 162 of the product named. Equivalent products may be used if they can be shown to lead to the same result. SIST EN 14404:2005+A1:2010
EN 14404:2004+A1:2010 (E) 14 The test knee shall be attached to the cross head of a compression tester. The test knee shall be orientated in the apparatus so that the inclined plane (4) contacting the centre line of the knee at two points (6 and 7) a distance l (170 ± 30) mm apart is at an angle a (5 ± 0,5)° to the horizontal plane. A flat horizontal anvil shall be provided to support knee protectors during testing.
a) Schematic side view of the test knee
(medial view of the left knee and upper shin) b) Bottom view of the test knee (anterior view of the left knee and upper shin)
Key 1) A force transducer 2) The centre of the face of the middle force transducer. This is the lowest point of the test knee. 3) The direction down the shin towards the ankle 4) The inclined plane contacting the middle force transducer and the surface of the shin region of the knee at point 6. 5) The horizontal plane 6 and 7) Contact points of the inclined plane l Distance between 6 and 7 (170 ± 30) mm a Angle between the inclined plane and the horizontal plane (5 ± 0,5)° Figure 2 — Shape of the test knee Kandy with the positions of the force transducers shown SIST EN 14404:2005+A1:2010
EN 14404:2004+A1:2010 (E) 15
a) The relative positions of the three force transducers b) The relation of the exposed surfaces of the force transducers to the surface of the test knee Key 1 Force transducer l1 Tolerance of the surface of each transducer compared to the contour of the "Kandy" knee, ± 0,5 mm l2 Distance between the centres of the force transducers, (28 ± 2) mm l3 Diameter of the force transducers, (10 ± 0,1) mm r1 Radius of curvature of the corners of the force transducers, (1,0 ± 0,1) mm
Figure 3 — Dimensions of force transducers and their relationship to the test knee surface
6.6.2 Procedure The protector to be tested shall be placed so that the test knee will press into it at a position similar to where a user’s knee would be. Type 1 and type 2 protectors shall be attached with straps or adhesive tape. The test knee shall be advanced at (50 ± 5) mm/min till a total forc
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