SIST EN ISO 12404:2015
(Main)Soil quality - Guidance on the selection and application of screening methods (ISO 12404:2011)
Soil quality - Guidance on the selection and application of screening methods (ISO 12404:2011)
This International Standard provides guidance on the selection and application of screening methods for assessing soil quality. Guidance is given to choose an appropriate screening method for a specific parameter and defines the conditions under which they can be used.
This International Standard does not recommend any particular screening method, but confirms the principles of their selection and application.
Bodenbeschaffenheit - Anleitung für Auswahl und Anwendung von Vor-Ort-Verfahren (ISO 12404:2011)
Diese Internationale Norm gibt Anleitung zur Auswahl und Anwendung von Screening Verfahren für die Bewertung der Bodenbeschaffenheit. Die Anleitung dient dazu, ein für einen besonderen Parameter geeignetes Screening Verfahren auszuwählen und legt die Bedingungen fest, unter denen es angewendet werden kann.
Diese Internationale Norm empfiehlt kein bestimmtes Screening Verfahren, bestätigt jedoch die Prinzipien ihrer Auswahl und Anwendung.
Qualité du sol - Lignes directrices pour la sélection et l'application des méthodes de diagnostic rapide (ISO 12404:2011)
La présente Norme internationale fournit des lignes directrices pour le choix et l'application des méthodes de
diagnostic rapide pour évaluer la qualité des sols. Les lignes directrices permettent de choisir une méthode de
diagnostic rapide appropriée pour un paramètre spécifique et définissent les conditions dans lesquelles ces
méthodes peuvent être utilisées.
La présente Norme internationale ne recommande pas une méthode de diagnostic rapide particulière parmi
les différentes méthodes, mais elle confirme les principes de leur sélection et de leur application.
Kakovost tal - Smernica za izbiro in uporabo presejalnih metod (ISO 12404:2011)
Ta mednarodni standard vsebuje smernico za izbiro in uporabo presejalnih metod za oceno kakovosti tal. Smernica je zagotovljena za izbiro ustrezne presejalne metode za določen parameter in določa pogoje, v katerih se lahko uporablja. Ta mednarodni standard ne priporoča nobene posebne presejalne metode, potrjuje pa načela njene izbire in uporabe.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 12404:2015
01-oktober-2015
Kakovost tal - Smernica za izbiro in uporabo presejalnih metod (ISO 12404:2011)
Soil quality - Guidance on the selection and application of screening methods (ISO
12404:2011)
Bodenbeschaffenheit - Anleitung für Auswahl und Anwendung von Vor-Ort-Verfahren
(ISO 12404:2011)
Qualité du sol - Lignes directrices pour la sélection et l'application des méthodes de
diagnostic rapide (ISO 12404:2011)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 12404:2015
ICS:
13.080.10 .HPLMVNH]QDþLOQRVWLWDO Chemical characteristics of
soils
SIST EN ISO 12404:2015 en,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 12404:2015
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 12404:2015
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN ISO 12404
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
July 2015
ICS 13.080.10
English Version
Soil quality - Guidance on the selection and application of
screening methods (ISO 12404:2011)
Qualité du sol - Lignes directrices pour la sélection et Bodenbeschaffenheit - Anleitung für Auswahl und
l'application des méthodes de diagnostic rapide (ISO Anwendung von Vor-Ort-Verfahren (ISO 12404:2011)
12404:2011)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 16 July 2015.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same
status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United
Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2015 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 12404:2015 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 12404:2015
EN ISO 12404:2015 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword .3
2
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 12404:2015
EN ISO 12404:2015 (E)
European foreword
The text of ISO 12404:2011 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 190 “Soil quality” of the
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as EN ISO 12404:2015 by
Technical Committee CEN/TC 345 “Characterization of soils” the secretariat of which is held by NEN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 2016, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at
the latest by January 2016.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 12404:2011 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 12404:2015 without any modification.
3
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 12404:2015
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 12404:2015
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 12404
First edition
2011-12-15
Soil quality — Guidance on the selection
and application of screening methods
Qualité du sol — Lignes directrices pour la sélection et l’application des
méthodes de diagnostic rapide
Reference number
ISO 12404:2011(E)
©
ISO 2011
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 12404:2015
ISO 12404:2011(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2011
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s
member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2011 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 12404:2015
ISO 12404:2011(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 General . 1
4.1 Introduction . 1
4.2 Typical areas for application of screening methods . 2
5 Selection of a screening method . 3
5.1 General objectives . 3
5.2 Selection criteria . 3
5.3 Fit-for-purpose test . 4
5.4 Quality targets . 4
6 Application and applicability of a selected screening method . 5
6.1 General . 5
6.2 Screening method requirements . 5
6.3 Screening method applicability . 5
7 Fit-for-purpose evaluation . 7
7.1 General . 7
7.2 Accuracy evaluation . 8
7.3 Exclusion of false negative results . 8
7.4 Testing of individual equivalence . 8
8 Analytical acceptance criteria . 8
8.1 General . 8
8.2 Starting criteria . 9
8.3 Continuous criteria . 9
9 Quality assurance . 9
10 Documentation .10
Annex A (informative) Example for selection and application process of screening methods . 11
Bibliography .12
© ISO 2011 – All rights reserved iii
---------------------- Page: 9 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 12404:2015
ISO 12404:2011(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International
Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 12404 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 190, Soil quality, Subcommittee SC 3, Chemical
methods and soil characteristics.
iv © ISO 2011 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 10 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 12404:2015
ISO 12404:2011(E)
Introduction
Screening methods, which can be chemical, physical or biochemical in nature, can often be applied in a quick
and simple manner. Performance of quick and simple tests can be used in the field (i.e. on-site) and, in some
cases, are also applicable for laboratory use. They can indicate the presence or absence of an analyte, or
provide a qualitative estimate of a concentration or value, or generate a quantitative result. They can also be
used to produce a spatial distribution of concentrations or values within a site, which can be supported by
subsequent reference (laboratory-base) analysis. When used in this way, the purpose is generally to obtain
information on target parameters or groups of parameters and the location of unusual concentrations, possibly
prior to undertaking a more detailed study or investigation. For these purposes, the bias and precision of
these methods need not be to the same level as conventional laboratory reference methods, for example as
demonstrated by International Standards, as the initial objective of their use is to obtain as much information as
possible in a relatively short period of time on the presence or absence, or range of concentrations likely to be
determined for a particular site. It may be more important to obtain a result quickly or with an improved spatial
resolution as an indication of the magnitude and likely concentration, rather than precise and unbiased values.
Typically, for measurement techniques, a result may be obtained in one of three ways. Firstly, as a qualitative
presence or absence result. Secondly, as a semi-quantitative result expressed within a relatively wide range of
values, and thirdly, as a result with an accompanying uncertainty of measurement with a significantly smaller
range of values that might be expected. (The third option is usually a result generated using a laboratory
reference method, with the uncertainty of measurement of laboratory reference methods generally being
smaller than that of screening methods.) Whichever result is generated depends on the nature and type of the
screening method used, as well as the technology on which the screening method is based.
The use of screening methods usually increases the efficiency of a site investigation, while providing as much
information as that obtained in situations where only laboratory reference methods are used. Whilst the use
of these rapid measurement techniques at a particular site should not replace conventional analysis, their use
greatly facilitates the investigation in a complementary role. Generally, many more samples can be analysed
and results generated faster than determined by more conventional testing of laboratory reference methods.
This enables areas, for example, those with very high levels of concentrations, or where very low concentrations
exist, to be identified much more quickly and efficiently. If too few samples are taken and analysed by more
costly laboratory reference methods, there is a risk that these areas might not be identified and could easily
be missed. This process then allows more effort to be directed on those areas where high or unusual levels
are likely to be present, for example, by employing conventional laboratory reference method analysis. This
can save time, money and resources, especially when cost-effective screening methods are applied to a large
number of samples and supportive conventional reference method analysis is also undertaken, where relevant.
The use of screening methods, particularly if carried out on-site, can offer an immediate decision-making
opportunity which enables staff to direct their efforts more effectively to those areas where a more thorough
investigation might need to be undertaken. The guidance in this International Standard describes the application
of screening methods, and how they might be used for assessing soil quality. Notwithstanding some of the
issues raised, screening methods can generate robust and reliable results which can be used with confidence.
NOTE Although soil screening methods are most commonly used to determine contaminants (pollutants) in soils, for
example in site investigations, they can also be used to determine parameters in uncontaminated soils (e.g. agricultural
soils.) The use of the word “contaminant” in this International Standard can equally apply to any relevant soil parameter.
© ISO 2011 – All rights reserved v
---------------------- Page: 11 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 12404:2015
---------------------- Page: 12 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 12404:2015
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 12404:2011(E)
Soil quality — Guidance on the selection and application of
screening methods
1 Scope
This International Standard provides guidance on the selection and application of screening methods for
assessing soil quality. Guidance is given to choose an appropriate screening method for a specific parameter
and defines the conditions under which they can be used.
This International Standard does not recommend any particular screening method, but confirms the principles
of their selection and application.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document
(including any amendments) applies.
ISO 11074, Soil quality — Vocabulary
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 11074 and the following apply.
3.1
screening method
method which is used (often on-site) to quickly explore a given area or test a set of samples and obtain data
on soil quality
3.2
laboratory reference method
laboratory-based method which is performed in accordance with National or International Standards and is not
necessarily comparable with screening methods
NOTE A laboratory reference method may be recognized nationally or internationally and is performed within a
qualified laboratory. Its results are not necessarily comparable with those of screening methods.
4 General
4.1 Introduction
This International Standard describes a framework for selection and application of screening methods.
It defines the whole process, from the selection of the screening method, the applicability and fit-for-purpose
testing, the fulfilling of the acceptance criteria, the quality control of the applied method, to the documentation
of measurement results.
The suitability of any particular screening method depends on the parameter or group of parameters requiring
determination and on the technical nature of the method.
Screening methods can be classified in various categories as outlined below.
© ISO 2011 – All rights reserved 1
---------------------- Page: 13 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 12404:2015
ISO 12404:2011(E)
4.2 Typical areas for application of screening methods
Screening methods may complement a laboratory reference method, but may also be used alone where a
definitive decision can be made using the screening method. Screening methods can be used to set priorities
for a site investigation or facilitate the design of a sampling plan. Even allowing for the higher uncertainties of
measurements generally associated with such methods, they may be used to quickly obtain an indication of,
for example, the quality of soil or the concentration of parameters of interest present on a site, including those
areas showing very high levels, and those areas showing low levels. Knowledge of these results can be used
quickly and decisions taken directly after the measurements are made to identify specific site locations where
further sampling and analysis may be required, or to prioritize those samples that may need to be analysed
using laboratory reference methods.
Screening methods are often used to aid selection of those samples that are to be determined in a laboratory
and those that are not. In addition, they can be used as an indicator that may suggest those locations where
further investigation or follow-up action needs to be taken. Screening method analysis can be carried out in
one of three ways:
a) at or very close to the sampling location on-site in the field;
b) at or very close to the sampling location inside a dedicated test room or an area equipped with basic
services such as electricity and water, for example, where non-portable equipment needs to be used;
c) in a conventional laboratory.
Screening methods carried out in a dedicated test room, or an area equipped with basic services, usually result
in better quality than those carried out on-site. In addition, any unusual or unexpected result can quickly be
repeated, if necessary.
Screening methods constitute a useful addition to standard procedures in the following areas.
4.2.1 Support of sampling/sample preparation processes
Screening methods may be used for the following:
— preselection of samples for analysis in the laboratory;
— selection of the most suitable analytical method (working range, specificity, robustness);
— provision of information relevant for sample preparation.
4.2.2 Monitoring of processes
Screening methods may be used:
— to monitor and control processes (e.g. remediation);
— to perform quality control on the operation of a soil remediation treatment plant.
4.2.3 Ide
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.