SIST EN 13923:2006

Filament-wound FRP pressure vessels - Materials, design, manufacturing and testing

This European Standard specifies the requirements for the design including raw materials, calculation, manu-facturing including composite materials, and testing of seamless Glass Reinforced Plastic (GRP) pressure vessels with protective layer, using only multi-directional filament winding, made in a factory and for use above ground and for storage and processing of fluids.
This European Standard covers vessels subject to pressures below 20 MPa and temperatures between
- 30 °C and 120 °C.
Excluded from this European Standard are transportation vessels, double wall vessels, vessels under nega-tive pressure, vessels which are subjected to the risk of explosion or failure of which may cause an emission of radioactivity.

Fadengewickelte Druckbehälter aus textilfaserverstärkten Kunststoffen - Werkstoffe, Konstruktion, Herstellung und Prüfung

Diese Europäische Norm enthält Anforderungen für die Konstruktion, einschließlich Ausgangswerkstoffe, Berech-
nung, Herstellung, einschließlich Verbundwerkstoffe sowie die Prüfung von fabrikmäßig hergestellten oberirdischen
GFK-Druckbehältern mit Schutzschicht, mit ausschließlich multidirektionaler Fadenwicklung zur Lagerung und Ver-
arbeitung von Fluiden.
Diese Europäische Norm behandelt Behälter für den Betrieb mit einem Druck unter 20 MPa und Temperaturen
zwischen -30 °C und 120 °C.
Nicht in dieser Europäischen Norm enthalten sind Transport- und Doppelmantelbehälter sowie Behälter unter
negativem Druck, Behälter, bei denen Explosionsgefahr besteht oder bei deren Versagen Radioaktivität freigesetzt
werden kann.

Récipients sous pression en PRV par enroulement filamentaire - Matériaux, conception, fabrication et essais

La présente Norme européenne spécifie les exigences relatives à la conception, y compris les matériaux de
base, au calcul, à la fabrication y compris les matériaux composites, et aux essais des récipients sous
pression en plastique renforcé de fibres de verre (PRV) sans soudure, utilisant uniquement l’enroulement
multi-directionnel des filaments, avec couche de protection, fabriqués en usine, implantés hors sol, destinés
au stockage ou au traitement de fluides.
La présente Norme européenne couvre les récipients soumis à des pressions inférieures à 20 MPa et à des
températures comprises entre - 30 °C et 120 °C.
Sont exclus de la présente Norme européenne les récipients pour le transport, les récipients à double paroi,
les récipients soumis à dépression, les récipients qui sont sujets à un risque d'explosion ou une défaillance
qui peut provoquer une émission radioactive.

Monofilno navite tlačne posode iz FRP – Materiali, načrtovanje, izdelava in preskušanje

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 28-Feb-2006
• ICS: 23.020.32 - Pressure vessels
• Technical Committee: TLP - Pressure vessels
• Current Stage: 6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 01-Mar-2006
• Due Date: 01-Mar-2006
• Completion Date: 01-Mar-2006
• Directive: 2014/68/EU - Directive 2014/68/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 May 2014 on the harmonisation of the laws of the Member States relating to the making available on the market of pressure equipment
• Directive: 97/23/EC - Directive 97/23/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 May 1997 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States concerning pressure equipment
• Directive: EUR-PUB - European Union - Public Standards
• Mandate: M/071 - Mandate to CEN for standardization in the field of Pressure equipment
• Ref Project: EN 13923:2005 - Filament-wound FRP pressure vessels - Materials, design, manufacturing and testing

Overview

EN 13923:2005 - "Filament-wound FRP pressure vessels - Materials, design, manufacturing and testing" (CEN) specifies requirements for factory-made, above-ground, seamless Glass Reinforced Plastic (GRP) pressure vessels with a protective layer, produced by multi-directional filament winding. It applies to vessels for storage and processing of fluids at pressures below 20 MPa and temperatures between −30 °C and 120 °C. Excluded are transport vessels, double-wall vessels, vessels under negative pressure, and vessels subject to explosion or radioactive release risk. EN 13923:2005 supports the Pressure Equipment Directive (PED).

Key topics and technical requirements

• Scope and limits: Above-ground, seamless GRP vessels with protective layers (chemical resistant layer or thermoplastic lining), multi‑directional filament winding only; pressure < 20 MPa; temperature −30 °C to 120 °C.
• Materials: Requirements for raw materials and composites - continuous roving reinforcements, allowed resins (unsaturated polyester, vinyl ester, epoxy as referenced), pigments restrictions, and thermoplastic lining (TPL) specifications.
• Protective layers: CRL (chemical resistant layer) or TPL; for PE linings a minimum shear strength to the structural laminate of 5 N/mm² at maximum operating temperature (per referenced test).
• Design methods: Two validated calculation approaches:
  • Method A - netting theory for winding reinforcement; design verified by prototype testing.
  • Method B - laminate theory for detailed laminate-strength calculations.
• Design parameters: Design factor, permissible strain limits, stress resultants, bending moments and shell analyses are specified; symbols and notation are standardized.
• Manufacturing: Filament winding process controls, protective layer fabrication, manufacturing specifications and quality control for factory production.
• Testing and acceptance: Prototype and production verification, hydrostatic pressure testing, final acceptance tests and required test reporting.

Applications and who uses it

• Manufacturers of filament-wound GRP pressure vessels - for design, production procedures and acceptance testing.
• Design engineers and composite specialists - to select laminate schedules, winding angles and calculate strength using Method A or B.
• Material suppliers and resin/fibre producers - to meet raw material acceptance and performance data referenced by the standard.
• Inspectors, certifiers and purchasers - to verify compliance, perform hydrostatic tests and assess chemical resistance for intended fluids and temperatures.
• Asset owners and plant engineers - when specifying above-ground GRP vessels for storage/processing of chemicals, water, and industrial fluids.

Related standards (normative references)

• EN 13121 series (GRP tanks and vessels - raw materials, composite materials, design/workmanship)
• EN ISO test methods referenced for tensile, shear and heat-deflection testing
• Annex ZA links EN 13923 to EU Directive 97/23/EC (PED)

EN 13923:2005 is the authoritative reference when specifying, designing or certifying multi‑directional filament‑wound GRP pressure vessels in Europe, ensuring consistent materials, safe structural design and validated manufacturing/testing practices.

Standards Content (Sample)

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Filament-wound FRP pressure vessels - Materials, design, manufacturing and testingSUHVNXãDQMHRécipients sous pression en PRV par enroulement filamentaire - Matériaux, conception, fabrication et essaisFadengewickelte Druckbehälter aus textilfaserverstärkten Kunststoffen - Werkstoffe, Konstruktion, Herstellung und PrüfungTa slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 13923:2005SIST EN 13923:2006en23.020.30ICS:SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 13923:200601-marec-2006

EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 13923November 2005ICS 23.020.30 English VersionFilament-wound FRP pressure vessels - Materials, design,manufacturing and testingRécipients sous pression en PRV par enroulementfilamentaire - Matériaux, conception, fabrication et essaisFadengewickelte Druckbehälter aus textilfaserverstärktenKunststoffen - Werkstoffe, Konstruktion, Herstellung undPrüfungThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 22 September 2005.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2005 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 13923:2005: E

Fabrication of flat filament wound test specimens.25 Annex B (informative)
Laminate Theory.27 Annex C (normative)
Extrapolation method for long term behaviour.34 Annex D (informative)
Calculation example.37 Annex ZA (informative)
Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 97/23/EC.40 Bibliography.41

– 30 °C and 120 °C. Excluded from this European Standard are transportation vessels, double wall vessels, vessels under nega-tive pressure, vessels which are subjected to the risk of explosion or failure of which may cause an emission of radioactivity. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this European Standard. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 13121-1:2003, GRP tanks and vessels for use above ground — Part 1: Raw materials — Specification conditions and acceptance conditions EN 13121-2:2003, GRP tanks and vessels for use above ground — Part 2: Composite materials — Chemical
resistance prEN 13121-3:2004, GRP tanks and vessels for use above ground — Part 3: Design and work-manship EN ISO 527-4, Plastics — Determination of tensile properties — Part 4: Test conditions for isotropic and
orthotropic fibre-reinforced plastic composites (ISO 527-4:1997) EN ISO 14129, Fibre-reinforced plastic composites — Determination of the in-plane shear stress/shear strain response, including the in-plane shear modulus and strength, by ± 45° tension test method (ISO 14129:1997) EN ISO 75-2:2004, Plastics — Determination of temperature of deflection under load — Part 2: Plastics and ebonite and long-fibre-reinforced composites (ISO 75-2:2004) EN ISO 75-3, Plastics — Determination of temperature of deflection under load — Part 3: High-strength ther-mosetting laminates (ISO 75-3:2004) ISO 2602, Statistical interpretation of test results — Estimation of the mean — Confidence interval 3 Terms and definitions For the purpose of this European Standard, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 manufacturer organisation that manufactures the vessel in accordance with this European Standard 3.2 material manufacturer organisation that manufactures the specific material (e.g. resin, glass fibre or catalyst). The material manufac-turer may also be the “supplier” 3.3 purchaser organisation or individual that purchases the vessel

EN 13121-2:2003, intended to serve as a barrier against chemical attack of the structural laminate and to pre-vent leakage 3.7 pressure pressure relative to atmospheric pressure, i.e. gauge pressure. As a consequence, vacuum is designated by a negative value 3.8 maximum allowable pressure PS maximum operating pressure for which the equipment is designed, as specified by the manufacturer. This is identical to the design pressure 3.9 maximum/minimum allowable temperature TS maximum/minimum temperature for which the equipment is designed, as specified by the manufacturer. The maximum allowable temperature is identical to the design temperature 3.10 lamina ply or layer of glass reinforced thermosetting resin 3.11 laminate composite structure consisting of one or more lamina 3.12 filament winding production technique for winding of continuous filaments of glass fibre with the specified resin system applied in a systematic manner and cured on a mandrel or other supporting structure 3.13 chemical resistant layer (CRL) protective layer in accordance with 4.3 of EN 13121-2:2003 3.14 thermoplastic lining (TPL) protective layer in accordance with 4.4 of EN 13121-2:2003 3.15 contact layer layer to increase adhesion between TPL and structural laminate 3.16 hoop winding winding for which the fibre direction is perpendicular to the rotation axis of the vessel

Table 1. Table 1 — Symbols and abbreviated terms Symbol Term Unit b width mm h height mm mf fibre content by mass — PS design pressure MPa pcrit critical pressure MPa r radial co-ordinate mm rp radius of polar opening mm t wall thickness mm th thickness of the helical windings mm tc thickness of the circumferential windings mm wi weight of part i of the shell N A material weakening factor — A1, . A5 partial design factors — C shape factor — Da internal diameter of winding laminate mm E1, E modulus of elasticity in the fibre direction MPa E2 modulus of elasticity perpendicular to the fibre direction MPa l length of shell mm K design factor — Mf fibre reinforcement content per square meter kg/m² Mw wind moment on the shell Nmm Mφ bending moment in longitudinal direction Nmm/mm Mθ bending moment in circumferential direction Nmm/mm Nφ stress resultant in longitudinal direction N/mm Nθ stress resultant in circumferential direction N/mm P probability % R radius of a end-dome mm S safety factor — TSHL Tsai-Hill criterion — Vf fibre volume fraction — α winding angle ° ρf density of the fibre kg/m³ ρr density of the resin kg/m³

restrictions are listed in 6.3. 6.2 Raw materials 6.2.1 Reinforcements In the structural laminate continuous roving in accordance with 6.6 and 9.11 of EN 13121-1:2003 shall only be used.

according to Clause 8 and Clause 9.

determined from the same test, from the measurement of longitudinal and transverse strains. 6.4.3.2 E2-modulus The E2-modulus for a filament wound laminate shall be determined by performing a uniaxial tensile test
according to EN ISO 527-4 on a test panel according to Annex A. 6.4.3.3 G-modulus The shear modulus G for a filament wound laminate shall be determined by performing a shear test according to EN ISO 14129. 6.4.4 Strength properties 6.4.4.1 The longitudinal strength The longitudinal strength X for a filament wound laminate shall be determined by performing a uniaxial tensile test according to EN ISO 527-4 on a test panel according to Annex A. 6.4.4.2 The transverse strength The transverse strength Y for a filament wound laminate shall be determined either by performing a uniaxial
tensile test according to EN ISO 527-4 on a test panel according to Annex A. 6.4.4.3 The shear strength The shear strength Ss for a filament wound laminate shall be determined by a shear test according to
EN 14129 on a flat test panel. 6.4.5 Test report The results of the tests in accordance with 6.4.3 and 6.4.4 shall be documented in a report which shall become a part of the "Design documentation", as described in Clause 10.

service conditions as specified in the design specification, between the inside and the outside of the vessel wall or between two chambers. The protective layer shall not be included in the determination of the required wall thickness. However, the weight of the protective layer shall be taken into account when determining loading other than pressure. The protective layer shall be designed so that it extends completely through all openings in the vessel. 7.2 The design factor 7.2.1 General The allowable stresses in each layer of the load-bearing material are derived from the characteristic values for elasticity and strength, the material-independent safety factor S and the partial design factors to account for the influence of inhomogeneities and dispersion (A1), chemical environment (A2), design temperature versus heat resistance (A3) and long term behaviour (A5). The protective layer shall be ignored in strength calcula-tions. The design factor K shall be determined from the Equation (1). K = S × A1 × A2 × A3 × A4 × A5
(1) The safety factor S shall be 2,0. The partial design factors A1 to A5 in Table 2 apply only if it can be demonstrated that the requirements accor-ding to 6.4 and the conditions given in 7.2.2 to 7.2.6 are strictly observed. The partial design factors A1 to A5 may be reduced if justified by long-term tests on representative material samples or by strain measurements or by long-term pressure tests on representative vessel samples and if such a reduction is confirmed by material quality specifications. The product of two or more partial design fac-tors can be determined by one test. The design factor K shall not be less than 4,0.

Min. valueMax. value Effect of inhomogeneities and dispersion A1
1,0 2,0 Effect of vessel liquid and environment A2
1,1 1,8 Effect of design temperature A3
1,0 1,4 Effect of dynamic loading A4
1,0 1,1 Effect of long term behaviour A5
1,25 2,0
7.2.2 The partial design factor for inhomogeneities and dispersion A1 Taking a normal logarithmic distribution the 5 % fracture values shall be regarded as statistically significant for a probability of P = 75 % in an evaluation of at least 5 single values, according to ISO 2602. The partial design factor A1 = 1,0 can be adopted, provided that the 5 % value is employed. When the mean value is taken of at least 10 values, the partial design factor A1 = 1,2 can be adopted. When measured values are used on a non-statistical basis the partial design factor A1 = 2,0 shall be adopted. 7.2.3 The partial design factor for chemical environment A2 The partial design factor A2 for chemical environment shall be derived according to EN 13121-2. 7.2.4 The partial design factor for design temperature A3 The partial design factor A3 for the influence of the design temperature can be obtained from Equation (2). ()()40HDT204,00,13−−+=DTA (2) For service temperatures greater than 40 °C post-curing is required. Post-curing instructions are according to resin manufacturer's recommendations. HDT shall be determined according to EN ISO 75-2:2004 method C or EN ISO 75-3. The partial design factor A3 can also be confirmed experimentally by:  measurements on the bending strength, deflection on fracture and/or modulus of elasticity according to EN ISO 14125 at 23 °C and at design temperature;  measurements on strain in long term creep tests according to EN ISO 14125 at working stresses, at 23 °C and at design temperature over a minimum of 1 000 h;  long-term destructive or non-destructive compression test according to 8.3.3 at 23 °C and at design tem-perature. These tests can be included in the testing of A5. The measured properties shall be extrapolated for the deter-mination of the long-term behaviour according to Annex C. 7.2.5 The partial design factor for dynamic loading A4 The partial design factor A4 for dynamic loading is 1,0 if there is no dynamic loading and 1,1 in case of
dynamic loading. Dynamic loading is defined as more than 10 000 pressure cycles over the service life of the vessel.

acceptable because of the protective layer. The maximum permissible strain in the structural laminate,
including as well as bending effects is given in Equation (3): 5maxAlimεε= (3) For media category 3 class IV and sulfuric acid as specified in EN 13121-2, the strain εlim shall not be higher than 0,25 % for all type of protective layers. In case of a chemical resistant layer consisting of a veil layer followed by a layer of sprayed fibres or chopped strand mat with a total mass per unit area of minimum 900 g/m² the limiting strain εlim of the structural laminate shall be according to Table 3. Table 3 — Strain limits for thermosetting protective layers Type of resin limε UP
min (0,1 × εresin or 0,20 %) VE
min (0,1 × εresin or 0,25 %) EP
min (0,1 × εresin or 0,30 %)
When the chemically loaded side of the laminate is protected by a thermoplastic protective layer, the limiting strain limεof the structural laminate is according to Table 4.

When used in aggressive external environments a protective external layer of randomly oriented fibres of
450 g/m² or an elastic external coating shall be applied. 7.4 Stress resultants 7.4.1 General When calculating the winding laminate, the stress resultants Nφ and Nθ and the bending moments Mφ and Mθ have to be determined. Bending moments can also be taken into account by a shape factor C. This European Standard only considers the following recommended shapes:  cylinders;  spheres;  hemispherical;  isotensoidal ends. 7.4.2 Cylinder The stress resultants in the cylindrical shell shall be determined in accordance with Equations (4) and (5) if weight, wind and internal pressure are considered as loads. aDwDMDNiππ∑±±×=φiw42aa4PS (4) 2PSaDN×=θ (5) 7.4.3 Spheres The stress resultants in the spheres shell shall be determined in accordance with Equations (6) and (7) when only internal pressure is considered as load. 4PSaDN×=φ (6)

are the principal radii of curvature; r
is the radial co-ordinate; rp
is the radius of the polar opening.
Figure 1 — End-dome
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