SIST IEC 61786:2005
(Main)Measurement of low-frequency magnetic and electric fields with regard to exposure of human beings - Special requirements for instruments and guidance for measurements
Measurement of low-frequency magnetic and electric fields with regard to exposure of human beings - Special requirements for instruments and guidance for measurements
Provides guidance for measuring the values of magnetic and electric fields with regard to exposure of human beings. The frequency range spans 15 Hz to 9 kHz. The standard covers magnetic fields with magnitudes from 100 nT to 100 mT, and electric fields from 1 V/m to 50 kV/m. Sources of fields include devices that operate at power frequencies and produce frequency harmonics. Other devices produce fields independent of the power frequencies.
Mesure de champs magnétiques et électriques à basse fréquence dans leur rapport à l'exposition humaine - Prescriptions spéciales applicables aux instruments et recommandations pour les procédures de mesure
Fournit des recommendations pour la mesure des champs magnétiques et électriques dans leur rapport à l'exposition humaine. Les fréquences couvrent entre 15 Hz et 9 kHz. Les plages d'ampitudes sont de 100 nT à 100 mT pour les champs magnétiques et de 1 V/m à 50 kV/m pour les champs électriques. Parmi les sources possibles sont des dispositifs qui fonctionnent aux fréquences industrielles et produisent des fréquences harmoniques. D'autres dispositifs produisent des champs indépendants de la fréquence industrielle.
Merjenje nizkofrekvenčnih elektromagnetnih polj z vidika izpostavljenosti ljudi – Posebne zahteve za instrumente in napotki za merjenje
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SLOVENSKI SIST IEC 61786:2005
STANDARD
junij 2005
Merjenje nizkofrekvenčnih elektromagnetnih polj z vidika izpostavljenosti ljudi
– Posebne zahteve za instrumente in napotki za merjenje
Measurement of low-frequency magnetic and electric fields with regard to exposure
of human beings – Special requirements for instruments and guidance for
measurements
ICS 17.220.20 Referenčna številka
SIST IEC 61786:2005(en)
© Standard je založil in izdal Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje ali kopiranje celote ali delov tega dokumenta ni dovoljeno
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NORME
CEI
INTERNATIONALE
IEC
61786
INTERNATIONAL
Première édition
STANDARD
First edition
1998-08
Mesure de champs magnétiques et électriques
à basse fréquence dans leur rapport à l’exposition
humaine – Prescriptions spéciales applicables
aux instruments et recommandations
pour les procédures de mesure
Measurement of low-frequency magnetic
and electric fields with regard to exposure
of human beings – Special requirements for
instruments and guidance for measurements
© IEC 1998 Droits de reproduction réservés ⎯ Copyright - all rights reserved
Aucune partie de cette publication ne peut être reproduite ni No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in
utilisée sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,
procédé, électronique ou mécanique, y compris la photo- including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in
copie et les microfilms, sans l'accord écrit de l'éditeur. writing from the publisher.
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Telefax: +41 22 919 0300 e-mail: inmail@iec.ch IEC web site http: //www.iec.ch
CODE PRIX
Commission Electrotechnique Internationale
XC
PRICE CODE
International Electrotechnical Commission
Pour prix, voir catalogue en vigueur
For price, see current catalogue
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61786 © IEC:1998 – 3 –
CONTENTS
Page
FOREWORD . 5
INTRODUCTION . 7
Clause
1 Scope. 9
2 Normative references. 9
3 Definitions. 11
4 Symbols. 21
5 Measurement of alternating magnetic fields . 23
5.1 Instrumentation specifications. 23
5.2 Calibration. 31
5.3 Measurement uncertainty. 39
5.4 Recording and reporting measurement results. 41
5.5 Measurement procedure. 43
6 Measurement of alternating electric fields . 45
6.1 Instrumentation specifications. 45
6.2 Calibration. 49
6.3 Measurement uncertainty. 55
6.4 Recording and reporting measurement results. 55
6.5 Measurement procedure. 57
Annexes
A (normative) Calibration methods. 61
B (normative) Sources of measurement uncertainty . 83
C (informative) General characteristics of quasi-static magnetic
and electric fields . 105
D (informative) Magnetic flux density meters (magnetic field meters) –
Guidance for measurements . 113
E (informative) Electric field strength meters (electric field meters) –
Guidance for measurements . 143
F (informative) Static magnetic field-measuring instrumentation . 165
G (informative) Units . 167
H (informative) Bibliography . 169
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61786 © IEC:1998 – 5 –
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
MEASUREMENT OF LOW-FREQUENCY MAGNETIC AND ELECTRIC FIELDS
WITH REGARD TO EXPOSURE OF HUMAN BEINGS –
SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS FOR INSTRUMENTS AND
GUIDANCE FOR MEASUREMENTS
FOREWORD
1) The IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of the IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, the IEC publishes International Standards. Their preparation is
entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with may
participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising
with the IEC also participate in this preparation. The IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization
for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two
organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of the IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an
international consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation
from all interested National Committees.
3) The documents produced have the form of recommendations for international use and are published in the form
of standards, technical reports or guides and they are accepted by the National Committees in that sense.
4) In order to promote international unification, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC International
Standards transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional standards. Any
divergence between the IEC Standard and the corresponding national or regional standard shall be clearly
indicated in the latter.
5) The IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for any
equipment declared to be in conformity with one of its standards.
6) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this International Standard may be the subject
of patent rights. The IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 61786 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 85:
Measuring equipment for electromagnetic quantities.
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
85/191/FDIS 85/193/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
Annexes A and B form an integral part of this standard.
Annexes C, D, E, F, G and H are for information only.
Words in bold in the text are defined in clause 3.
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61786 © IEC:1998 – 7 –
INTRODUCTION
The increasing interest in characterizing human exposure to quasi-static magnetic and electric
fields in a number of environments has led to the development and marketing of many field
meters with a range of specifications. Sources of quasi-static fields include devices that
operate at power frequencies (50/60 Hz) and produce power frequency and power frequency
harmonic fields, as well as devices which produce fields that are independent of the power
frequency. Examples in the latter category include video display terminals (vertical scan
2
/
3
magnetic field), electric railroads (16 Hz and 25 Hz), mass transportation systems (0 Hz to
3 kHz depending on characteristics of adjustable speed drive), commercial airplanes (400 Hz),
induction heaters (50 Hz to 9 kHz), and electric automobiles. Because of differences in the
characteristics of the fields from sources in the various environments, e.g. frequency content,
temporal and spatial variations, polarization, and magnitude, the instrumentation requirements
and measurement procedures will be different in the various environments. Commercially
available instrumentation exists to measure human exposure to the field levels as well as to
other parameters that characterize the fields. The instrumentation and measurement methods,
as they may pertain to human exposure, are the focus of this document. It should be noted that
the parameters that describe quasi-static fields and the mechanisms for their interaction with
humans during magnetic and electric field exposure are still unknown.
The intended users of this International Standard include manufacturers of instrumentation and
groups or individuals interested in characterizing quasi-static magnetic and electric fields as
they relate to human exposure. It is assumed that users intending to perform measurements
have some knowledge of the instrumentation as well as field sources and their characteristics.
In the absence of such knowledge, it is strongly advised that some training be received. This
standard may serve as a textbook for the training process because of the technical information
provided in the annexes.
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61786 © IEC:1998 – 9 –
MEASUREMENT OF LOW-FREQUENCY MAGNETIC AND ELECTRIC FIELDS
WITH REGARD TO EXPOSURE OF HUMAN BEINGS –
SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS FOR INSTRUMENTS AND
GUIDANCE FOR MEASUREMENTS
1 Scope
This International Standard provides guidance for measuring the steady-state root-mean-
square (r.m.s.) values of quasi-static magnetic and electric fields which have a frequency
content in the range 15 Hz to 9 kHz. Sources of quasi-static fields include devices that
operate at power frequencies and produce power frequency and power frequency harmonic
fields, as well as devices that produce fields independent of the power frequency. The
magnitude ranges covered by this standard are 100 nT to 100 mT and 1 V/m to 50 kV/m for
magnetic fields and electric fields, respectively. When measurements outside this range are
performed, most of the provisions of this standard will still apply, but certain provisions such as
specified uncertainty and calibration procedure may need modification. Specifically, this
standard
– defines terminology;
– identifies requisite field meter specifications;
– indicates methods of calibration;
– defines requirements on instrumentation uncertainty;
– describes general characteristics of fields;
– surveys operational principles of instrumentation;
– describes measurement methods that achieve defined goals pertaining to human exposure.
Sources of uncertainty during calibration and measurements are also identified and guidance is
provided on how they should be combined to determine total measurement uncertainty. In
regard to electric field measurements, this standard considers only the measurement of the
unperturbed electric field strength at a point in space (i.e. the electric field prior to the
introduction of the field meter and operator) or on conducting surfaces.
NOTE – Some separation between the normative measurement requirements in clauses 5 and 6 and the example
measurement protocols and guidance for measurements in annexes D and E is unavoidable because of format
requirements.
2 Normative references
The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text,
constitute provisions of this International Standard. At the time of publication, the editions
indicated were valid. All normative documents are subject to revision, and parties to
agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility
of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. Members of
IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards.
IEC 61000-3-2:1995, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 3: Limits – Section 2: Limits
for harmonic current emissions (equipment input current ≤16 A per phase)
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61786 © IEC:1998 – 11 –
IEC 61000-4-2:1995, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 4: Testing and measurement
techniques – Section 2: Electrostatic discharge immunity test – Basic EMC Publication
IEC 61000-4-3:1995, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 4: Testing and measurement
techniques – Section 3: Radiated, radio-frequency, electromagnetic field immunity test
IEC 61000-4-4:1995, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 4: Testing and measurement
techniques – Section 4: Electrical fast transient/burst immunity test – Basic EMC publication
IEC 61000-4-6:1996, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 4: Testing and measurement
techniques – Section 6: Immunity to conducted disturbances, induced by radio-frequency fields
IEC 61000-4-8:1993, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 4: Testing and measurement
techniques – Section 8: Power frequency magnetic field immunity test – Basic EMC Publication
CISPR 11:1990, Limits and methods of measurement of electromagnetic disturbance
characteristics of industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) radio-frequency equipment
ISBN 92-67-01075-1:1993, International vocabulary of basic and general terms in metrology,
International Organization for Standardization.
ISBN 92-67-10188-9:1995, ISO TAG, ISO Technical Advisory Group on Metrology, Working
Group 3, Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement.
IEEE Std 539:1990, IEEE Standard Definitions of Terms Relating to Corona and Field Effects of
Overhead Power Lines.
3 Definitions
For the purposes of this International Standard, the following definitions apply.
NOTE – Throughout this standard, the words "magnetic flux density" and "magnetic field" will be considered
synonymous.
3.1 Tests
3.1.1
acceptance tests
contractual test to prove to the customer that the device meets certain conditions of its
specifications
3.1.2
type test
test of one or more devices made to a certain design to show that the design meets certain
specifications
NOTE – This test is normally performed by the designer/manufacturer of the device.
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61786 © IEC:1998 – 13 –
3.2 Meters
3.2.1
alternating electric field strength meter
meter designed to measure alternating electric fields. Three types of electric field strength
meters are available: free-body meter, ground reference meter, electro-optic meter.
NOTE – Electric field meters consist of two parts: the probe or field-sensing element, and the detector which
processes the signal from the probe and indicates the r.m.s. value of the electric field with an analogue or digital
display.
3.2.2
electro-optic meter
meter that measures the electric field strength by changes in the transmission of light through a
fibre or crystal which are due to the influence of the electric field
NOTE – While there are several electro-optic methods that can be used for measuring electric fields, e.g. the
Pockels effect, the Kerr effect, and interferometric techniques, this standard only considers electro-optic field
meters that utilize the Pockels effect.
3.2.3
free-body meter
meter that measures the electric field strength at a point above the ground and is supported in
space without conductive contact to earth
NOTE – are commonly constructed to measure the induced current between two isolated parts
Free-body meters
of a conductive body. Since the induced current is proportional to the time derivative of the electric field strength,
the meter's detector circuit often contains an integrating stage in order to recover the waveform of the electric field.
The integrated current waveform also coincides with that of the induced charge. The integrating stage is also
desirable, particularly for the measurement of electric fields with harmonic content, because this stage (i.e. its
integrating property) eliminates the excessive weighting of the harmonic components in the induced current signal.
3.2.4
fluxgate magnetometer
instrument designed to measure magnetic fields by making use of the non-linear magnetic
characteristics of a probe or sensing element that has a ferromagnetic core
3.2.5
ground reference meter
meter that measures the electric field at or close to the surface of the ground, frequently
implemented by measuring the induced current or charge oscillating between an isolated
electrode and ground. The isolated electrode is usually a plate located level with or slightly
above the ground surface.
NOTE – Ground reference meters measuring the induced current often contain an integrator circuit to compensate
for the derivative relationship between the induced current and the electric field.
3.2.6
magnetic flux density meter
meter designed to measure the magnetic flux density
NOTE 1 – Magnetic field meters consist of two parts: the probe or field-sensing element, and the detector which
processes the signal from the probe and indicates the r.m.s. value of the magnetic field with an analogue or digital
display.
NOTE 2 – Several types of meters are in common use, e.g. field meters with coil probes, meters with Hall-effect
probes, and meters that combine two coils with a ferromagnetic core as in a fluxgate magnetometer.
3.2.7
survey meter
lightweight battery-operated meter that gives a real time read-out and that can be held
conveniently by hand in order to conduct survey type measurements in different locations
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61786 © IEC:1998 – 15 –
3.2.8
coil probe
magnetic flux density sensor comprised of a coil of wire that produces an induced voltage
proportional to the time derivative of the magnetic field
NOTE 1 – Since the induced voltage is proportional to the time derivative of the magnetic flux density, the detector
circuit of the sensor requires an integrating stage to recover the waveform of the magnetic flux density.
NOTE 2 – This probe can also be used to measure static (d.c.) magnetic flux density if the probe is rotated.
3.2.9
Hall effect probe
magnetic flux density sensor containing an element exhibiting the Hall effect to produce a
voltage proportional to the magnetic flux density
NOTE – Hall effect probes respond to static as well as time-varying magnetic flux densities. Due to limited
sensitivity and saturation problems sometimes encountered when attempting to measure small power frequency flux
densities in the presence of the substantial static geomagnetic flux of the earth, Hall-effect probes have seldom
been used to measure magnetic fields of a.c. power lines.
3.3 Meter characteristics
3.3.1
crest factor
for periodic functions, the ratio of the waveform crest (peak, maximum) value to its r.m.s. value
3.3.2
crosstalk
noise or extraneous signal caused by a.c. or pulse-type signals in adjacent circuits
3.3.3
frequency response
response (reading) of a field meter to a field of constant amplitude but different frequencies
3.3.4
pass-band
(1) (data transmission) a range of frequency spectra which can pass at low attenuation
(2) (circuits and systems) a band of frequencies that pass through a filter with little attenuation
(relative to other frequency bands such as a stop-band)
3.3.5
rectified average (calibrated in r.m.s.) detector (see 3.3.6)
detector circuit that rectifies the signal from the probe and is calibrated to give the correct
r.m.s. value of a sinusoidal field at a given frequency
NOTE – If there are harmonics in the field, a field meter with a rectified average (r.m.s.) detector will not indicate
the true r.m.s. value of the field if the signal from the probe is proportional to the time derivative of the field. If the
detector contains a stage of integration, the error is reduced. The error will also be a function of the phase relation
between the harmonic and fundamental field components [36], [61].
3.3.6
true r.m.s. detector (see rectified average (calibrated in r.m.s.) detector)
detector that contains a circuit component that performs the mathematical operation
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61786 © IEC:1998 – 17 –
T
1
2
[(vt) dt (1)
]
∫
T
0
to a periodic signal v(t), where T is the period of the signal.
NOTE 1 – If v(t) is proportional to the time-derivative of the field, the detector circuit also requires a stage of
integration prior to the r.m.s. operation in order to recover the waveform of the magnetic flux density [25], [61]. This
type of detector gives the true r.m.s. value of a field containing harmonics provided that the frequency response of
the detector is flat over the frequency range of interest.
NOTE 2 – If significant levels of harmonics are present in v(t), particular attention should be given to the possibility
of amplifier saturation effects if the integration follows one or more stages of amplification.
3.4 Field characteristics
3.4.1
maximum r.m.s. value of electric field (maximum electric field)
measurement of elliptically polarized quasi-static electric and magnetic fields. At a given point,
the root-mean-square (r.m.s.) value of the semi-major axis of the electric field ellipse
3.4.2
maximum r.m.s. value of magnetic field (maximum magnetic field)
measurement of power frequency electric and magnetic fields. At a given point, the root-mean-
square (r.m.s.) value of the semi-major axis of the magnetic field ellipse
3.4.3
perturbed field
field that is changed in magnitude or direction, or both, by the introduction of an object
NOTE – The electric field at the surface of the object is, in general, strongly perturbed by the presence of the
object. At power frequencies, the magnetic flux density is not, in general, greatly perturbed by the presence of
objects that are free of magnetic materials. Exceptions to this include regions near the surface of thick electrical
conductors and regions far from thick conductors, if the conductor is close to the magnetic field source. The
perturbation in these instances is due to opposing magnetic fields produced by eddy currents in the conductors.
3.4.4
unperturbed field
field at a point that would exist in the absence of persons or movable objects
3.4.5
quasi-static field
field that satisfies the condition f << c÷l, where f is the frequency of the field, c is the speed of
light, and l is a characteristic dimension of the measurement geometry, e.g. the distance
between the field source and the measurement point
NOTE – Power frequency magnetic and electric fields near power lines and appliances are examples of quasi-
static fields.
3.4.6
resultant electric field
electric field given by the expression
22 2
= + + (2)
EE E E
R xy z
where E , E , and E are the r.m.s. values of the three orthogonal field components
x y z
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61786 © IEC:1998 – 19 –
The resultant electric field is also given by the expression
2 2
E=+ (3)
EE
max
min
R
where E and E are the r.m.s. values of the semi-major and semi-minor axes of the
max min
electric field ellipse, respectively. The resultant E is always ≥E . If the electric field is
R max
linearly polarized, E = 0 and E = E . If the electric field is circularly polarized, E = E
min R max max min
and E ≈ 1,41 E .
R max
NOTE – The definition of "effective field strength" in CENELEC prestandard ENV 50166-1 [5] is equivalent to the
resultant magnetic field or resultant electric field, as the case may be.
3.4.7
resultant magnetic field
magnetic field given by the expression
22 2
B= + + (4)
B B B
R xy z
where B , B , and B are the r.m.s. values of the three orthogonal field components
x y z
The resultant magnetic field is also given by the expression
2 2
B= + (5)
B B
R max
min
where B and B are the r.m.s. values of the semi-major and semi-minor axes of
max min
the magnetic field ellipse, respectively. The resultant B is always ≥B . If the magnetic field
R max
is linearly polarized, B = 0 and B = B . If the magnetic field is circularly polarized,
min R max
B = B and B ≈ 1,41 B .
max min R max
NOTE – The definition of "effective field strength" in CENELEC prestandard ENV 50166-1 [5] is equivalent to the
resultant magnetic field or resultant electric field, as the case may be.
3.5 Measurements
3.5.1
correction factor
numerical factor by which the uncorrected result of a measurement is multiplied to compensate
for a known error
NOTE – Since the known error cannot be determined perfectly, the compensation cannot be complete.
3.5.2
coverage factor
numerical factor used as a multiplier of the combined standard uncertainty in order to obtain
an expanded uncertainty
NOTE – For a quantity z described by a normal distribution with expectation µ and standard deviation σ, the
z
interval µ ± kσ encompasses 68,27, 95,45, and 99,73 percent of the distribution for a coverage factor k = 1, 2,
z
and 3, respectively.
3.5.3
scale factor
factor by which the instrument reading is multiplied to obtain its input quantity
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61786 © IEC:1998 – 21 –
3.5.4
spot measurement (point-in-time measurement)
measurement that is performed at some instant and point in space, that does not provide
information regarding temporal or spatial variations of the field
3.5.5
standard uncertainty
uncertainty of the result of a measurement expressed as a standard deviation
3.5.6
uncertainty of measurement
parameter, associated with the result of a measurement, that characterizes the dispersion of
the values that could reasonably be attributed to the measurand
NOTE – Uncertainty of measurement generally comprises many components. Some of these components may be
estimated on the basis of the statistical distribution of the results of series of measurements, and can be
characterized by experimental standard deviations. Estimates of other components can be based on experience or
other information.
4 Symbols
a = radius of coil probe; radius of spherical electric field probe
2a, 2b = side dimensions of rectangular coil
B = magnetic flux density vector
B = magnetic flux density (fundamental frequency)
f
B = magnetic flux density at jth frequency (j = 1 for fundamental frequency)
j
B = CENELEC magnetic flux density reference level at jth frequency
RLj
B = amplitude of alternating magnetic field
0
B = resultant magnetic field
R
B = axial magnetic flux density
z
B = r.m.s. values of orthogonal components of magnetic flux density
x,y,z
B , B = r.m.s. values of semi-major and semi-minor axes of magnetic field ellipse
max min
C = stray capacitance of coil probe
c = electro-optic coefficient of Pockels crystal
e
d = spacing of parallel plates; distance from electromagnetic field source
D = electric displacement vector
E = electric field strength
E = electric field at ith frequency (i = 1 for fundamental frequency)
i
E = CENELEC electric field reference level at ith frequency
i
RL
E = resultant electric field
R
E = uniform electric field strength
0
E′ = electric field in Pockels crystal
E = r.m.s. values of orthogonal components of electric field
x,y,z
E , E = r.m.s. values of semi-major and semi-minor axes of electric field ellipse
max min
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61786 © IEC:1998 – 23 –
I = current to magnetic field coils
I = incident light (electro-optic field meter)
i
I = transmitted light (electro-optic field meter)
t
l = Pockels crystal thickness
L = inductance of coil probe
n = index of refraction
N = number of turns of wire (magnetic field coil system)
Q = induced charge
r = distance between magnetic field source and measurement location; resistance
of coil probe and leads
R = approximate input impedance of detector circuit (magnetic field meter)
S = electrode surface area (electric field meter)
t= time
T = period of periodic signal
V = voltage
v(t) = periodic electrical signal
v = coil probe voltage
p
W = ratio of coil probe voltage to induced voltage
Z = impedance in current injection circuit
α = fraction of ith harmonic in magnetic field
i
∆B = largest difference in percentage between magnetic field at centre of single-axis
max1
probe and average field (across area of probe) at maximum reading in dipole
magnetic field
∆B = largest difference in percentage between average resultant magnetic field and
max3
magnetic field at centre of three-axis probe in dipole magnetic field
ε = permittivity of free space
0
λ = wavelength of light
µ = permeability of free space
0
φ = magnetic flux
ω = angular frequency of alternating field
5 Measurement of alternating magnetic fields
5.1 Instrumentation specifications
The various types of instrumentation available for characterizing quasi-static magnetic fields
are described in D.1. Sufficient information shall be provided with the instrumentation, including
instrument specifications
...
IEC 61347-2-14
®
Edition 1.0 2018-02
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Lamp controlgear –
Part 2-14: Particular requirements for DC and/or AC supplied electronic
controlgear for fluorescent induction lamps
Appareillages de lampes –
Partie 2-14: Exigences particulières pour les appareillages électroniques
alimentés en courant continu et/ou alternatif pour les lampes fluorescentes à
induction
IEC 61347-2-14:2018-02(en-fr)
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
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IEC 61347-2-14
®
Edition 1.0 2018-02
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Lamp controlgear –
Part 2-14: Particular requirements for DC and/or AC supplied electronic
controlgear for fluorescent induction lamps
Appareillages de lampes –
Partie 2-14: Exigences particulières pour les appareillages électroniques
alimentés en courant continu et/ou alternatif pour les lampes fluorescentes à
induction
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 29.140.99 ISBN 978-2-8322-5448-6
Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor.
Attention! Veuillez vous assurer que vous avez obtenu cette publication via un distributeur agréé.
® Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission
Marque déposée de la Commission Electrotechnique Internationale
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– 2 – IEC 61347-2-14:2018 © IEC 2018
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 4
INTRODUCTION . 6
1 Scope . 7
2 Normative references . 7
3 Terms and definitions . 7
4 General requirements . 9
5 General notes on tests . 9
6 Classification . 9
7 Marking . 9
7.1 General . 9
7.2 Mandatory markings . 9
7.3 Information to be provided, if applicable . 10
8 Protection against accidental contact with live parts . 10
9 Terminals . 10
10 Provisions for earthing . 10
11 Moisture resistance and insulation . 10
12 Electric strength . 10
13 Thermal endurance test for windings . 10
14 Fault conditions . 10
15 Protection of associated components. 11
15.1 Maximum peak voltage under normal operation conditions . 11
15.2 Maximum working voltage under normal and abnormal operating conditions . 11
15.3 Compliance . 11
15.4 Insulation of input terminals of controllable electronic controlgear . 11
16 Abnormal conditions . 12
16.1 Abnormal conditions for DC and/or AC supplied electronic controlgear . 12
16.2 Additional abnormal conditions for DC only electronic controlgear . 12
17 Construction . 12
18 Creepage distances and clearances . 12
19 Screws, current-carrying parts and connections . 12
20 Resistance to heat, fire and tracking . 13
21 Resistance to corrosion . 13
Annex A (normative) Test to establish whether a conductive part is a live part which
may cause an electric shock . 14
Annex B (normative) Particular requirements for thermally protected lamp controlgear . 15
Annex C (normative) Particular requirements for electronic lamp controlgear with
means of protection against overheating . 16
Annex D (normative) Requirements for carrying out the heating tests of thermally
protected lamp controlgear . 17
Annex E (normative) Use of constant S other than 4 500 in t tests . 18
w
Annex F (normative) Draught-proof enclosure . 19
Annex G (normative) Explanation of the derivation of the values of pulse voltages . 20
Annex H (normative) Tests. 21
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IEC 61347-2-14:2018 © IEC 2018 – 3 –
Annex I (normative) Additional requirements for built-in magnetic ballast with double
or reinforced insulation . 22
Annex J (normative) Particular additional safety requirements for DC and/or AC
supplied electronic controlgear for emergency lighting . 23
J.1 General . 23
J.2 Marking . 23
J.2.1 Mandatory markings . 23
J.2.2 Information to be provided if applicable . 23
J.3 General statement . 23
J.4 Starting conditions . 24
J.5 Operating conditions . 24
J.6 Current . 24
J.7 EMC immunity. 24
J.8 Pulse voltage from central battery systems . 24
J.9 Tests for abnormal conditions . 24
J.10 Temperature cycling test and endurance test . 25
J.11 Functional safety (EBLF) . 25
Annex K (informative) Conformity testing during manufacture . 26
Annex L (normative) Particular additional requirements for controlgear providing SELV . 27
Annex M (informative) Dielectric strength test voltages for controlgear intended for
the use in impulse withstand Category III . 28
Annex N (normative) Requirements for insulation materials used for double or
reinforced insulation . 29
Annex O (normative) Additional requirements for built-in electronic controlgear with
double or reinforced insulation . 30
Annex P (normative) Creepage distances and clearances and distance through
insulation (DTI) for lamp controlgear which are protected against pollution by the use
of coating or potting . 31
Annex Q (informative) Example for U calculation . 32
p
Annex R (informative) Concept of creepage distances and clearances . 33
Annex S (informative) Examples of controlgear insulation coordination . 34
Annex T (informative) Creepage distances and clearances for controlgear with a
higher degree of availability (impulse withstand category III) . 35
Bibliography . 36
Table 1 – Relation between RMS working voltage and maximum peak voltage . 11
Table J.1 – Pulse voltages . 24
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– 4 – IEC 61347-2-14:2018 © IEC 2018
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
LAMP CONTROLGEAR –
Part 2-14: Particular requirements for DC and/or AC supplied
electronic controlgear for fluorescent induction lamps
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 61347-2-14 has been prepared by subcommittee 34C: Auxiliaries
for lamps, of IEC technical committee 34: Lamps and related equipment.
The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
34C/1374/FDIS 34C/1383/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this International Standard can be found in
the report on voting indicated in the above table.
This document has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
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IEC 61347-2-14:2018 © IEC 2018 – 5 –
This document is to be used in conjunction with IEC 61347-1:2015 and
IEC 61347-1:2015/AMD1:2017.
NOTE In this document, the following print types are used:
– Requirements proper: in roman type.
– Test specifications: in italic type.
– Explanatory matter: in smaller roman type.
A list of all parts in the IEC 61347 series, published under the general title Lamp controlgear,
can be found on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to
the specific document. At this date, the document will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
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– 6 – IEC 61347-2-14:2018 © IEC 2018
INTRODUCTION
This document specifies requirements for fluorescent induction lamp controlgear. The
formatting of IEC 61347-2 into separately published parts provides for ease of future
amendments and revisions. Additional requirements will be added as and when a need for
them is recognized.
This document, and the parts which make up IEC 61347-2, in referring to any of the clauses
of IEC 61347-1, specify the extent to which such a clause is applicable and the order in which
the tests are to be performed; they also include additional requirements, as necessary. All
parts which make up IEC 61347-2 are intended to be self-contained and, therefore, do not
include references to each other. However, for the case of emergency lighting lamp
controlgear, some cross-referencing has been used.
Where the requirements of any of the clauses of IEC 61347-1 are referred to in this document
by the phrase ”The requirements of clause n of IEC 61347-1 apply”, this phrase is interpreted
as meaning that all requirements of the clause in question of Part 1 apply, except any which
are clearly inapplicable to the specific type of lamp controlgear covered by this particular part
of IEC 61347-2.
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IEC 61347-2-14:2018 © IEC 2018 – 7 –
LAMP CONTROLGEAR –
Part 2-14: Particular requirements for DC and/or AC supplied
electronic controlgear for fluorescent induction lamps
1 Scope
This part of IEC 61347 specifies particular safety requirements for electronic controlgear for
use on AC supplies up to 1 000 V at 50 Hz or 60 Hz and/or DC supplies with operating
frequencies deviating from the supply frequency, associated with fluorescent induction lamps
as specified in IEC 62532 and IEC 62639, for high-frequency operation.
For emergency lighting operation, particular requirements for controlgear operated from a
central supply are given in Annex J. Performance requirements appropriate to the safe
operation of emergency lighting are also contained in Annex J.
Requirements for emergency lighting controlgear operating from non-centralized power
supplies are given in IEC 61347-2-7.
NOTE Performance requirements detailed in Annex J are those considered to be safety related with respect to
reliable emergency operation.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their
content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition
cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including
any amendments) applies.
IEC 60929:2011, AC and/or DC-supplied electronic control gear for tubular fluorescent lamps
– Performance requirements
IEC 61347-1:2015, Lamp controlgear – Part 1: General and safety requirements
IEC 61347-1:2015/AMD1:2017
IEC 61347-2-7:2011, Lamp controlgear – Part 2-7: Particular requirements for battery
supplied electronic controlgear for emergency lighting (self-contained)
IEC 61347-2-7:2011/AMD1:2017
IEC 61547, Equipment for general lighting purposes – EMC immunity requirements
IEC 62532:2011, Fluorescent induction lamps – Safety specifications
IEC 62639:2012, Fluorescent induction lamps – Performance specification
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in IEC 61347-1, IEC 62532
and IEC 62639 and the following apply.
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– 8 – IEC 61347-2-14:2018 © IEC 2018
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
DC and/or AC supplied electronic controlgear
mains/battery-supplied DC only, AC/DC or AC only to AC invertor including stabilizing
elements for starting and operating one or more fluorescent induction lamps, generally at high
frequency
3.2
maximum allowed peak voltage
highest permitted peak voltage across any insulation under open-circuit condition and any
normal and abnormal operating conditions
Note 1 to entry: The maximum peak voltage is related to the declared RMS working voltage (see Table 1).
3.3
emergency lighting
lighting provided for use when the supply to the normal lighting fails
Note 1 to entry: Emergency lighting includes escape lighting and standby lighting.
3.4
rated battery voltage
voltage declared by the battery manufacturer
3.5
rated emergency power supply voltage
rated voltage of the emergency power supply claimed by the manufacturer
3.6
starting aid
device which facilitates the starting of the lamp
Note 1 to entry: A conductive strip affixed to the outer surface of the lamp and a conductive plate which is spaced
within an appropriate distance from a lamp are examples of starting aids.
3.7
ballast lumen factor
ratio of the luminous flux of a reference lamp when the controlgear under test is operated at
its rated voltage and frequency compared with the luminous flux of the same lamp operated
with the appropriate reference ballast supplied at its rated voltage and frequency
3.8
emergency ballast lumen factor
EBLF
ratio of the emergency luminous flux of the lamp supplied by the emergency controlgear to the
luminous flux of the same lamp operated with the appropriate reference ballast at its rated
voltage and frequency
Note 1 to entry: This note only applies to the French language.
3.9
total circuit power
total power dissipated by ballast and lamp in combination, at the rated voltage and frequency
of the ballast
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IEC 61347-2-14:2018 © IEC 2018 – 9 –
3.10
reference lamp
lamp selected for testing controlgear which, when associated with a reference ballast, has
electrical characteristics which are close to the rated values as stated in the relevant lamp
standard
Note 1 to entry Relevant starting lamp data sheets are contained in IEC 62639.
[SOURCE: IEC 61347-1:2015, 3.3, modified – "ballasts" has been replaced with "controlgear"
and the note has been added.]
4 General requirements
The requirements of IEC 61347-1:2015 and IEC 61347-1:2015/AMD1:2017, Clause 4 apply,
together with the following additional requirement:
DC and/or AC supplied electronic controlgear for emergency lighting shall comply with the
requirements of Annex J.
5 General notes on tests
The requirements of IEC 61347-1:2015 and IEC 61347-1:2015/AMD1:2017, Clause 5 apply
together with the following additional requirement with regard to the number of specimens.
The following number of specimens shall be submitted for testing:
– one unit for the tests of Clauses 6 to 12 and 15 to 21;
– one unit for the test of Clause 14 (additional units or components, where necessary, may
be required in consultation with the manufacturer).
Tests to meet the safety requirements for DC and/or AC supplied electronic controlgear for
emergency lighting are made under the conditions specified in Annex J.
6 Classification
The requirements of IEC 61347-1:2015 and IEC 61347-1:2015/AMD1:2017, Clause 6 apply.
7 Marking
7.1 General
Controlgear which forms an integral part of the luminaire need not be marked.
7.2 Mandatory markings
In accordance with the requirements of IEC 61347-1:2015 and IEC 61347-1:2015/AMD1:2017,
7.2, controlgear, other than integral controlgear, shall be clearly and durably marked with the
following mandatory markings:
a) items a), b), c), d), e), k) and l) of IEC 61347-1:2015 and IEC 61347-1:2015/AMD1:2017,
7.1, together with
b) the symbol for earthing, as applicable;
c) for controllable controlgear, the control terminals shall be identified;
d) a declaration of the maximum working voltage (RMS) according to 15.3 between
– output terminals,
– any output terminal and earth.
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Marking for each of these two values shall be in steps of 10 V when the working voltage is
equal to, or less than, 500 V, and in steps of 50 V when the working voltage is higher than
500 V. The marking of maximum working voltage is referenced in two situations, the
maximum between output terminals and the maximum between any output terminal and
earth. It is acceptable for only the higher of these two voltages to be marked.
Marking shall be U-OUT = xx V, where xx is the marked working voltage value.
7.3 Information to be provided, if applicable
In addition to the above mandatory markings, the following informati
...
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