SIST EN 62129:2006

Calibration of optical spectrum analyzers

This International Standard provides procedures for calibrating an optical spectrum analyzer designed to measure the power distribution of an optical spectrum. This analyzer is equipped with an input port for use with a fibre-optic connector.  An optical spectrum analyzer is equipped with the following minimum features: a) the ability to present a display of an optical spectrum with respect to absolute wavelength; b) a marker/cursor that displays the optical power and wavelength at a point on the spectrum display.

Kalibrierung von optischen Spektrumanalysatoren

Etalonnage des analyseurs de spectre optique

La présente Norme internationale fournit des procédures pour étalonner un analyseur de spectre optique destiné à mesurer la distribution en puissance d'un spectre optique. Cet analyseur est équipé d'un port d'entrée à utiliser avec un connecteur à fibres optiques.  Un analyseur de spectre optique est équipé des caractéristiques minimales suivantes:   a) la capacité de visualiser à l'écran un spectre optique en fonction de longueurs d'onde absolues; b) un marqueur/curseur qui affiche la puissance optique et la longueur d'onde d'un point sur la visualisation de spectre.

Umerjanje analizatorjev optičnega spektra (IEC 62129:2006)

General Information

• Status: Withdrawn
• Publication Date: 30-Jun-2006
• Withdrawal Date: 01-Jul-2019
• ICS: 33.180.01 - Fibre optic systems in general
• Technical Committee: MOC - Mobile Communications
• Current Stage: 9900 - Withdrawal (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 02-Jul-2019
• Due Date: 25-Jul-2019
• Completion Date: 02-Jul-2019
• Ref Project: EN 62129:2006 - Calibration of optical spectrum analyzers

Relations

• Replaced By: SIST EN 62129-1:2017 - Calibration of wavelength/optical frequency measurement instruments - Part 1: Optical spectrum analyzers (IEC 62129-1:2016)
• Effective Date: 07-Jun-2016

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI SIST EN 62129:2006

STANDARD
julij 2006
Umerjanje analizatorjev optičnega spektra (IEC 62129:2006)
Calibration of optical spectrum analyzers (IEC 62129:2006)
ICS 33.180.01 Referenčna številka
SIST EN 62129:2006(en)
©  Standard je založil in izdal Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje ali kopiranje celote ali delov tega dokumenta ni dovoljeno

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EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 62129

NORME EUROPÉENNE
March 2006
EUROPÄISCHE NORM

ICS 33.180.30


English version


Calibration of optical spectrum analyzers
(IEC 62129:2006)


Etalonnage des analyseurs  Kalibrierung von optischen
de spectre optique Spektrumanalysatoren
(CEI 62129:2006) (IEC 62129:2006)




This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2006-02-01. CENELEC members are bound to comply
with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard
the status of a national standard without any alteration.

Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on
application to the Central Secretariat or to any CENELEC member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified
to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions.

CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, the Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.

CENELEC
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung

Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 35, B - 1050 Brussels


© 2006 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members.
Ref. No. EN 62129:2006 E

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EN 62129:2006 - 2 -
Foreword
The text of document 86/245/FDIS, future edition 1 of IEC 62129, prepared by IEC TC 86, Fibre optics,
was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and was approved by CENELEC as EN 62129 on
2006-02-01.
The following dates were fixed:
– latest date by which the EN has to be implemented
at national level by publication of an identical
national standard or by endorsement (dop) 2006-11-01
– latest date by which the national standards conflicting
with the EN have to be withdrawn (dow) 2009-02-01
This European Standard makes reference to International Standards. Where the International Standard
referred to has been endorsed as a European Standard or a home-grown European Standard exists, this
European Standard shall be applied instead. Pertinent information can be found on the CENELEC web
site.
__________
Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard IEC 62129:2006 was approved by CENELEC as a European
Standard without any modification.
__________

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NORME CEI
INTERNATIONALE
IEC



62129
INTERNATIONAL


Première édition
STANDARD

First edition

2006-01


Etalonnage des analyseurs de spectre optique
Calibration of optical spectrum analyzers

 IEC 2006 Droits de reproduction réservés  Copyright - all rights reserved
Aucune partie de cette publication ne peut être reproduite ni No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any
utilisée sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procédé, form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including
électronique ou mécanique, y compris la photocopie et les photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from
microfilms, sans l'accord écrit de l'éditeur. the publisher.
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Telephone: [phone] Telefax: [phone] E-mail: [e-mail] Web: www.iec.ch
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Pour prix, voir catalogue en vigueur
For price, see current catalogue

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62129  IEC:2006 – 3 –
CONTENTS
FOREWORD.7

1 Scope.11
2 Normative references.11
3 Terms and definitions .13
4 Calibration test requirements .21
4.1 Preparation.21
4.2 Reference test conditions .21
4.3 Traceability.21
5 Resolution bandwidth (spectral resolution) test.23
5.1 Overview .23
5.2 Resolution bandwidth (spectral resolution) test.23
6 Displayed power level calibration .27
6.1 Overview .27
6.2 Displayed power level (DPL) calibration under reference conditions.29
6.3 Displayed power level (DPL) calibration for operating conditions .33
6.4 Calculation of expanded uncertainty in displayed power level .43
7 Wavelength calibration.45
7.1 Overview .45
7.2 Wavelength calibration under reference conditions.47
7.3 Wavelength calibration for operating conditions.49
7.4 Calculation of expanded uncertainty in wavelength.53
8 Documentation .55
8.1 Measurement data and uncertainty .55
8.2 Measurement conditions .55

Annex A (normative) Mathematical basis for calculation of calibration uncertainty .57
Annex B (informative) Examples of calculation of calibration uncertainty.65
Annex C (informative) Using the calibration results .81
Annex D (informative) Wavelength references .91
Annex E (informative) Further reading and references for calibration of wavelength scale . 101

Figure 1 – Setup using a gas laser whose wavelength is known .23
Figure 2 – Setup using a broadband source with a transmission device.23
Figure 3 – Setup using an LD with an unknown wavelength.25
Figure 4 – Setup for calibration of displayed power level under reference conditions .29
Figure 5 – Test configuration for determining the wavelength dependence of displayed
power level uncertainty.33

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62129  IEC:2006 – 5 –
Figure 6 – Test configuration for determining the polarization dependence of displayed

power level uncertainty.37
Figure 7 – Configuration for testing linearity error of displayed power level uncertainty.39
Figure 8 – Test configuration for determining the temperature dependence of displayed
power level uncertainty.41
Figure 9 – Test configuration for determining the temperature dependence of
wavelength uncertainty.53
Figure A.1 – Deviation and uncertainty type B, and how to replace both with an
appropriately larger uncertainty .59
95 % confidence intervals shown.89
Figure C.1 – Calibration of OSA wavelength scale using krypton emission lines .89
12
Figure D.1 – Absorption of LED light by acetylene ( C H ) .95
2 2
13 14
Figure D.2 – Absorption of LED light by hydrogen cyanide (H C N).97

Table 1 – Recommended light sources .25
Table C.1 – OSA calibration results .87
Table C.2 – Summary of OSA calibration parameters .89
Table D.1 – Vacuum wavelengths (nm) of selected gas laser lines.91
Table D.2 – Vacuum wavelengths (nm) of noble gas reference lines .91
12
Table D.3 – Vacuum wavelengths (nm) for the ν +ν band of acetylene C H
1 3 2 2
absorption lines [11].93
13
Table D.4 – Vacuum wavelengths (nm) for the ν +ν band of acetylene C H
1 3 2 2
absorption lines [11].95
13 14
Table D.5 – Vacuum wavelengths (nm) of selected hydrogen cyanide (H C N)
absorption lines [12].97

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62129  IEC:2006 – 7 –
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________

CALIBRATION OF OPTICAL SPECTRUM ANALYZERS


FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for any
equipment declared to be in conformity with an IEC Publication.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 62129 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 86: Fibre
optics.
IEC 62129 cancels and replaces IEC/PAS 62129, published in 2004, and constitutes a
technical revision.
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
86/245/FDIS 86/250/RVD

Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.

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62129  IEC:2006 – 9 –
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until the
maintenance result date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data
related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed;
• withdrawn;
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.

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62129  IEC:2006 – 11 –
CALIBRATION OF OPTICAL SPECTRUM ANALYZERS


1 Scope
This International Standard provides procedures for calibrating an optical spectrum analyzer
designed to measure the power distribution of an optical spectrum. This analyzer is equipped
with an input port for use with a fibre-optic connector.
An optical spectrum analyzer is equipped with the following minimum features:
a) the ability to present a display of an optical spectrum with respect to absolute wavelength;
b) a marker/cursor that displays the optical power and wavelength at a point on the spectrum
display.
NOTE This standard applies to optical spectrum analyzers developed for use in fibre-optic communications, and is
limited to equipment that can directly measure the optical spectrum output from an optical fibre, where the optical
fibre is connected to an input port installed in the optical spectrum analyzer through a fibre-optic connector.
In addition, an optical spectrum analyzer can measure the spectral power distribution with
respect to the absolute wavelength of the tested light and display the results of such measure-
ments. It will not include an optical wavelength meter that measures only centre wavelengths, a
Fabry-Perot interferometer or a monochromator that has no display unit.
The procedures outlined in this standard are considered to be mainly performed by users of
optical spectrum analyzers. The document, therefore, does not include correction using the
calibration results in the main body. The correction procedures are described in Annex C.
Of course, this standard will be useful in calibration laboratories and for manufacturers of
optical spectrum analyzers.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For
dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of
the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
IEC 60050-731, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) – Chapter 731: Optical fibre
communication
IEC 60359, Electrical and electronic measurement equipment – Expression of performance
IEC 60793-1 (all parts), Optical fibres – Part 1: Measurement methods and test procedures
IEC 60825-1, Safety of laser products – Part 1: Equipment classification, requirements and
user's guide
IEC 60825-2, Safety of laser products – Part 2: Safety of optical fibre communication systems
IEC 61290-3-1, Optical amplifiers – Test methods – Part 3-1: Noise figure parameters – Optical
spectrum analyzer method

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62129  IEC:2006 – 13 –
BIPM, IEC, IFCC, ISO, IUPAC, IUPAP, and OIML:1993, International vocabulary of basic terms
in metrology (VIM)
BIPM, IEC, IFCC, ISO, IUPAC, IUPAP, and OIML, Guide to the expression of uncertainty in
measurement (GUM)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions contained in IEC 60050-731 and
the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
calibration
set of operations which establishes, under specified conditions, the relationship between the
values indicated by the measuring instrument and the corresponding known values of that
quantity (see also VIM, definition 6.11)
3.2
calibration under reference conditions
calibration which includes the evaluation of the test analyzer uncertainty under reference
conditions (3.17)
3.3
calibration for operating conditions
the calibration for operating conditions of an optical spectrum analyzer (3.16) including the
evaluation of the test analyzer operational uncertainty
3.4
centre wavelength
λ
centre
the power-weighted mean wavelength of a light source in a vacuum, in nanometers (nm)
For a continuous spectrum the centre wavelength is defined as:
∫
λcentre = (1 / Ptotal ) ρ(λ) λ dλ (1)
For a spectrum consisting of discrete lines, the centre wavelength is defined as:
λ = Pλ / P (2)
centre ∑ i i ∑ i
ii
where
ρ(λ) is the power spectral density of the source, for example in W/nm;
th
λ is the i discrete wavelength;
i
P is the power at λ , for example, in watts;
i i
P is ΣP = total power, for example, in watts.
total i

NOTE The above integrals and summations theoretically extend over the entire spectrum of the light source.
3.5
confidence level
an estimation of the probability that the true value of a measured parameter lies in the given
range (see expanded uncertainty (3.11))

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62129  IEC:2006 – 15 –
3.6
coverage factor
k
the coverage factor, k, is used to calculate the expanded uncertainty (3.11) U from the
standard uncertainty (3.21), σ (see 3.11)
3.7
displayed power level
DPL
the power level indicated by an optical spectrum analyzer (3.16) undergoing calibration (3.1)
at a specified wavelength resolution setting
NOTE With an optical spectrum analyzer, the power level for a set resolution is measured and displayed.
3.8
displayed power level deviation
∆P
the difference between the displayed power level measured by the test analyzer, P , and the
OSA
corresponding reference power, P , divided by the reference power
ref

∆P = (P – P ) / P = P / P –1 (3)
OSA ref ref OSA ref
3.9
displayed power level uncertainty
σ
∆P
the standard uncertainty (3.21) of the displayed power level deviation
σ = σ(P / P – 1) (4)
∆P OSA ref
NOTE In the above formula, σ is to be understood as the standard uncertainty (3.21).
3.10
displayed wavelength range
the complete wavelength range shown in an optical spectrum analyzer (3.16) display for a
particular instrument state (3.12)
3.11
expanded uncertainty
U
confidence interval
the expanded uncertainty, U, is the range of values within which the measurement parameter,
at the stated confidence level (3.5), can be expected to lie. It is equal to the coverage factor
(3.6), k, times the combined standard uncertainty (3.21) σ:
U = k σ (5)
NOTE When the distribution of uncertainties is assumed to be normal and a large number of measurements are
made, then confidence levels (3.5) of 68,3 %, 95,5 % and 99,7 % correspond to k values of 1, 2 and 3 respectively.
The measurement uncertainty of an optical spectrum analyzer (3.16) should be specified in
the form of expanded uncertainty, U.
3.12
instrument state
a complete description of the measurement conditions and state of an optical spectrum
analyzer (3.16) during the calibration process
NOTE Typical parameters of the instrument state are the displayed wavelength range (3.10) in use, the
resolution bandwidth (spectral resolution) (3.18), the display mode (watt or dBm), warm-up time and other
instrument settings.

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62129  IEC:2006 – 17 –
3.13
measurement result
the displayed or electrical output of any optical spectrum analyzer (3.16) in wavelength, in
units of nm or µm, and in power level, in units of mW or dBm, after completing all operations
suggested by the operating instructions, for example warm-up
3.14
measurement wavelength range
the wavelength range of injected light over which an optical spectrum analyzer (3.16)
performance is specified
3.15
operating conditions
all conditions of the measured and influential qualities, and other important requirements which
the expanded uncertainty (3.11) of an optical spectrum analyzer (3.16) is intended to be
met
[VIM, definition 5.5 modified]
3.16
optical spectrum analyzer
OSA
an optical instrument for measuring the power distribution of a spectrum with respect to
wavelength (frequency)
NOTE An OSA is equipped with an input port for use with a fibre-optic connector, and the spectrum is obtained
from light injected into the input port; the instrument also includes a screen-display function.
3.17
reference conditions
an appropriate set of influencing parameters, their nominal values and their tolerance bands,
with respect to which the uncertainty at reference conditions is specified
[IEC 60359, definition 3.3.10 modified]
NOTE Each tolerance band includes both the possible uncertainty of the condition and the uncertainty in
measuring the condition.
The reference conditions normally include the following parameters and, if necessary, their tolerance bands:
reference date, reference temperature, reference humidity, reference atmospheric pressure, reference light source,
reference displayed power level (3.7), reference fibre, reference connector-adapter combination, reference
wavelength, reference (spectral) bandwidth and resolution bandwidth (spectral resolution) (3.18) set.
3.18
resolution bandwidth
R
spectral resolution
full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the displayed spectrum obtained by the test analyzer
when using a source whose spectral bandwidth (3.20) is sufficiently narrow, that is, very
much less than the resolution bandwidth being measured
3.19
side-mode suppression ratio
SMSR
the peak power ratio between the main mode spectrum and the largest side mode spectrum in
a single-mode laser diode such as a DFB-LD
NOTE The side-mode suppression ratio is usually described in dB.

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62129  IEC:2006 – 19 –
3.20
spectral bandwidth
B
for the purpose of this standard, the FWHM of the spectral width of the source
If the source exhibits a continuous spectrum, then the spectral bandwidth, B, is the FWHM of
the spectrum.
If the source is a laser diode with a multiple-longitudinal mode spectrum, then the FWHM
spectral bandwidth B is the RMS spectral bandwidth, multiplied by 2,35 (assuming the source
has a Gaussian envelope):
  1/2
2
2
(6)
B = 2,35 [{(1 / P ) ×  Pλ  } – λ ]
total ∑ i i centre
 
 i 
where
λ is the centre wavelength (3.4) of laser diode, in nm;
centre
P is ∑P = total power, in watts;
total i
th
P
is the power of i longitudinal mode, in watts;
i
th
λ is the wavelength of i longitudinal mode, in nm.
i
3.21
standard uncertainty
σ
uncertainty of a measurement result expressed as a standard deviation
NOTE For further information, see Annex A and the ISO/IEC Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in
Measurement (ISO/IEC GUIDE EXPRES).
3.22
uncertainty type A
type of uncertainty obtained by a statistical analysis of a series of observations, such as when
evaluating certain random effects of measurement (see ISO/IEC GUIDE EXPRES)
3.23
uncertainty type B
type of uncertainty obtained by means other than a statistical analysis of observations, for
example an estimation of probable sources of uncertainty, such as when evaluating systematic
effects of measurement (see ISO/IEC GUIDE EXPRES)
NOTE Other means may include previous measurement data, experience with or general knowledge of the
behaviour and properties of relevant materials, instruments, manufacturers’ specifications, data provided in
calibration and other certificates, and uncertainties assigned to reference data taken from handbooks.
3.24
wavelength deviation
∆λ
the difference between the centre wavelength (3.4) measured by the test analyzer, λ , and
OSA
the reference wavelength, λ , in nm or µm
ref
∆λ = λ – λ (7)
OSA ref
3.25
wavelength uncertainty
σ
∆λ
the standard uncertainty (3.21) of the wavelength deviation (3.24), in nm or µm

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62129  IEC:2006 – 21 –
4 Calibration test requirements
4.1 Preparation
The following recommendations apply.
Calibrations should be carried out in facilities that are separate from other functions of the
organization. This separation should include laboratory accommodation and measurement
equipment.
The calibration laboratory should operate a quality control system appropriate to the range of
measurement it performs (for example ISO 9000), when the calibration is performed in
calibration laboratories. There should be independent scrutiny of the measurement results,
intermediary calculations and preparation of calibration certificates.
The environmental conditions shall be commensurate with the degree of uncertainty that is
required for calibration:
a) the environment shall be clean;
b) temperature monitoring and control is required;
c) all laser sources shall be safely operated (refer to IEC 60825-1).
Perform all tests at an ambient room temperature of (23 ± 3) °C with a relative humidity of
(50 ± 20) % unless otherwise specified. Give the test equipment a minimum of 2 h prior to
testing to reach equilibrium with its environment. Allow the optical spectrum analyzer a warm-
up period in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
4.2 Reference test conditions
The reference test conditions usually include the following parameters and, if necessary, their
tolerance bands: date, temperature, relative humidity, displayed power level, wavelength, light
source, fibre, connector-adapter combination, (spectral) bandwidth and resolution bandwidth
(spectral resolution) set. Unless otherwise specified, use a single-mode optical fibre input
pigtail as prescribed by the IEC 60793-1 series, having a length of at least 2 m.
Operate the optical spectrum analyzer in accordance with the manufacturer’s specifications
and operating procedures. Where practical, select a range of test conditions and parameters
which emulate the actual field operating conditions of the analyzer under test. Choose these
parameters so as to optimize the analyzer’s accuracy and resolution capabilities, as specified
by the manufacturer’s operating procedures.
Document the conditions as specified in Clause 8.
The calibration results only apply to the set of test conditions used in the calibration process.
Because of the potential for hazardous radiation, be sure to establish and maintain conditions
of laser safety. Refer to IEC 60825-1 and IEC 60825-2.
4.3 Traceability
Make sure that any test equipment which has a significant influence on the calibration results is
calibrated in an unbroken chain to the appropriate national standard or natural physical
constant. Upon request, specify this test equipment and its calibr
...