SIST-TS CEN/TS 15901-7:2010

Road and airfield surface characteristics - Part 7: Procedure for determining the skid resistance of a pavement surface using a device with longitudinal fixed slip ratio (LFCG): the GripTester®

This Technical Specification describes a method for determining the skid resistance of a surface by measurement of the longitudinal friction coefficient LFCG.
The method provides a measure of the wet skid resistance properties of a bound surface by measurement of the longitudinal friction coefficient using a continuous reading small braked wheel fixed-slip device.
The test tyre is dragged over a pre-wetted pavement under controlled speed conditions while the test tyre is parallel to the direction of motion and perpendicular to the pavement.
Test speeds can vary from 5 km/h to 130 km/h depending on the application. The measured values can be affected by the test speed.
The method has been developed for use on paved areas such as roads and airport runways and can also be used indoors.
This Technical Specification covers the operation of the Griptester:
The GripTester(registered trademark) is a device developed by Findlay Irvine Ltd in the United Kingdom that uses the braked-wheel fixed-slip principle with a small test wheel to make measurements of skid resistance continuously on airfields, roads and other surfaces. The fixed slip ratio is 15 %.
A machine conforming to the general characteristics of the GripTester and the specific provisions of this Technical Specification may also be used for the tests.
The skid resistance of a pavement is determined by friction measurements and measurements of pavement texture. Where measurement of pavement texture is required the standard for this measurement and the device is described in EN ISO 13473 1.

Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Griffigkeit von Fahrbahndecken mit einem Gerät mit festgelegtem Schlupf in Längsrichtung: der "GripTester"

Diese Technische Spezifikation beschreibt ein Verfahren für die Bestimmung der Griffigkeit von Fahrbahn-decken durch Messung des Reibungskoeffizienten in Längsrichtung LFCG.
Dieses Verfahren liefert ein Maß für die Nassgriffigkeitseigenschaften einer gebundenen Oberfläche durch Messung des Reibungskoeffizienten in Längsrichtung mit Hilfe eines kleinen kontinuierlich messenden Messfahrzeugs mit gebremstem Messrad.
Der Messreifen wird mit geregelter Geschwindigkeit über eine zuvor angenässte Fahrbahndecke gezogen, wobei er parallel zur Bewegungsrichtung und rechtwinklig zur Fahrbahn läuft.
Die Geschwindigkeiten können je nach Anwendungssituation im Bereich von 5 km/h bis 130 km/h liegen. Die Messwerte können von der Messgeschwindigkeit beeinflusst werden.
Dieses Verfahren wurde für die Anwendung auf befestigten Flächen, wie z. B. Straßen sowie Start- und Landebahnen auf Flugplätzen, entwickelt, es lässt sich aber auch in Innenräumen anwenden.
Diese Technische Spezifikation behandelt den Betrieb des unter der Bezeichnung "GripTester" bekannten Griffigkeitsmessgeräts.
Der GripTester® ist ein von der Findlay Irvine Ltd. im Vereinigten Königreich entwickeltes Messgerät mit kleinem Messrad zur Durchführung von kontinuierlichen Griffigkeitsmessungen auf Flugplätzen, Straßen und anderen Flächen, das nach dem Prinzip des festen Schlupfes bei gebremstem Rad arbeitet. Das feste Schlupfverhältnis beträgt 15 %.
Für diese Prüfungen darf auch ein Messgerät verwendet werden, das den allgemeinen Merkmalen des GripTesters und den speziellen Vorgaben dieser Technischen Spezifikation entspricht.
Die Griffigkeit einer Fahrbahn wird mit Hilfe von Reibungsmessungen und Messungen der Fahrbahntextur ermittelt. Das Normverfahren für die Messung der Fahrbahntextur, falls diese erforderlich ist, und das dafür zu verwendende Messgerät sind in EN ISO 13473 1 beschrieben.

Caractéristiques de surface des routes et aéroports - Partie 7 : Mode opératoire de détermination de l'adhérence d'un revêtement de chaussée à l'aide d'un dispositif à coefficient de frottement longitudinal fixe (CFLG) : le GripTester

La présente Spécification technique décrit une méthode permettant de déterminer l’adhérence d’une surface par mesure du coefficient de frottement longitudinal CFLG.
La méthode permet de déterminer les propriétés d’adhérence d’une surface limitée mouillée en mesurant le coefficient de frottement longitudinal à l’aide d’un petit appareil de mesure en continu dont le taux de glissement de la roue freinée est constant.
Le pneumatique d’essai est traîné sur une chaussée préalablement mouillée, dans des conditions contrôlées de vitesse, parallèle à la direction du mouvement et perpendiculaire à la chaussée.
Les vitesses d’essai peuvent varier de 5 km/h à 130 km/h, selon l’application. Les valeurs mesurées peuvent être affectées par la vitesse d’essai.
La méthode a été développée en vue d’une utilisation sur des surfaces revêtues (des routes et des pistes d’aéroport, par exemple). Elle peut également être utilisée en intérieur.
La présente spécification technique porte sur le fonctionnement du Griptester :
Le GripTester(R) est un appareil développé par Findlay Irvine Ltd au Royaume-Uni. Il utilise le principe du glissement fixe d’une petite roue de mesure freinée, permettant de mesurer en continu l’adhérence sur des terrains d’aviation, des routes et d’autres surfaces. Le taux de glissement fixe est de 15 %.
Pour les essais, il est également possible d’utiliser un appareil conforme aux caractéristiques générales du GripTester et aux dispositions particulières de la présente Spécification technique.
L’adhérence d’une chaussée est déterminée par mesures du frottement et de la texture de la chaussée. Si une mesure de la texture de la chaussée est requise, cette mesure et le dispositif correspondant sont présentés dans l’EN ISO 13473-1.

Značilnosti cestnih in vzletnih površin - 7. del: Postopek določanja torne sposobnosti vozne površine z opremo za vzdolžne meritve s kontroliranim zdrsnim zaostankom kolesa (LFCG): Grip Tester®

Ta tehnična specifikacija opisuje metodo določanja torne sposobnosti  površine z meritvijo količnika trenja LFCG. Metoda določa merilo lastnosti tornih sposobnosti mokre omejene površine z merjenjem količnika trenja z opremo za neprekinjeno pregledovanjem kontrolirane zdrsnosti majhnega zavornega kolesa. S preskusno pnevmatiko se zavira na predhodno namočeni površini pod nadzorovanimi pogoji upora in hitrosti, medtem ko je preskusna pnevmatika vzporedna s smerjo gibanja in navpična na površino. Preskusna hitrost se lahko razlikuje od 5 km/h do 130 km/h, odvisno od uporabe. Na izmerjene vrednosti lahko vpliva preskusna hitrost. Ta metoda je bila razvita za uporabo na voznih površinah, kot so ceste in letališke vzletne steze, lahko pa se uporablja tudi v zaprtih prostorih. Ta tehnična specifikacija zajema delovanje opreme Griptester: GripTester (registrirana znamka) je oprema, ki jo je razvilo podjetje Findlay Irvine Ltd. iz Združenega kraljestva, katero uporablja načelo kontroliranega zdrsnega zaostanka zavornega kolesa z majhnim preskusnim kolesom, da se meritve torne sposobnosti na vzletiščih, cestah in drugih površinah izvajajo neprekinjeno. Kontroliran zdrsni zaostanek kolesa je 15 %. Stroj, ki ustreza splošnim značilnostim naprave GripTester in posebnim določbam te tehnične specifikacije, se lahko uporablja tudi za preskuse. Torno sposobnost površine določajo meritve trenja in meritve teksture površine.  Kjer se zahteva merjenje teksture površine, je standard tega merjenja in opreme opisan v EN ISO 134731.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 17-Jan-2010
• ICS: 17.040.20 - Properties of surfaces
• ICS: 93.080.10 - Road construction
• ICS: 93.120 - Construction of airports
• Technical Committee: CES - Roads
• Current Stage: 6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 23-Nov-2009
• Due Date: 28-Jan-2010
• Completion Date: 18-Jan-2010
• Ref Project: CEN/TS 15901-7:2009 - Road and airfield surface characteristics - Part 7: Procedure for determining the skid resistance of a pavement surface using a device with longitudinal fixed slip ratio (LFCG): the GripTester®

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST-TS CEN/TS 15901-7:2010
01-februar-2010
=QDþLOQRVWLFHVWQLKLQY]OHWQLKSRYUãLQGHO3RVWRSHNGRORþDQMDWRUQH
VSRVREQRVWLYR]QHSRYUãLQH]RSUHPR]DY]GROåQHPHULWYHVNRQWUROLUDQLP
]GUVQLP]DRVWDQNRPNROHVD/)&**ULS7HVWHUŠ
Road and airfield surface characteristics - Part 7: Procedure for determining the skid
resistance of a pavement surface using a device with longitudinal fixed slip ratio (LFCG):
the GripTester®
Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Griffigkeit von Fahrbahndecken mit einem Gerät mit
festgelegtem Schlupf in Längsrichtung: der "GripTester"
Caractéristiques de surface des routes et aéroports - Partie 7 : Mode opératoire de
détermination de l'adhérence d'un revêtement de chaussée à l'aide d'un dispositif à
coefficient de frottement longitudinal fixe (CFLG) : le GripTester
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN/TS 15901-7:2009
ICS:
17.040.20 Lastnosti površin Properties of surfaces
93.080.10 Gradnja cest Road construction
93.120 *UDGQMDOHWDOLãþ Construction of airports
SIST-TS CEN/TS 15901-7:2010 en,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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SIST-TS CEN/TS 15901-7:2010

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SIST-TS CEN/TS 15901-7:2010


TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
CEN/TS 15901-7

SPÉCIFICATION TECHNIQUE

TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION
November 2009
ICS 93.080.20
English Version
Road and airfield surface characteristics - Part 7: Procedure for
determining the skid resistance of a pavement surface using a
device with longitudinal fixed slip ratio (LFCG): the GripTester(r)
Caractéristiques de surface des routes et aéroports - Partie Oberflächeneigenschaften von Straßen und Flugplätzen -
7 : Mode opératoire de détermination de l'adhérence d'un Teil 7: Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Griffigkeit von
revêtement de chaussée à l'aide d'un dispositif à coefficient Fahrbahndecken durch Verwendung eines Geräts mit
de frottement longitudinal fixe (CFLG): le GripTester festem Schlupfverhältnis in Längsrichtung (LFCG): der
GripTester
This Technical Specification (CEN/TS) was approved by CEN on 27 June 2009 for provisional application.

The period of validity of this CEN/TS is limited initially to three years. After two years the members of CEN will be requested to submit their
comments, particularly on the question whether the CEN/TS can be converted into a European Standard.

CEN members are required to announce the existence of this CEN/TS in the same way as for an EN and to make the CEN/TS available
promptly at national level in an appropriate form. It is permissible to keep conflicting national standards in force (in parallel to the CEN/TS)
until the final decision about the possible conversion of the CEN/TS into an EN is reached.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.






EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2009 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN/TS 15901-7:2009: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

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CEN/TS 15901-7:2009 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword .3
1 Scope .4
2 Normative references .4
3 Recommended uses .4
4 Terms and definitions .5
5 Safety .8
6 Essential characteristics .9
6.1 Principle of measurements .9
6.2 Description of GripTester® .9
7 Key Characteristics .9
7.1 General .9
7.2 Test equipment .9
7.3 Drive tyre . 10
7.4 Test tyre . 10
7.5 Pavement wetting system, water film thickness . 10
7.6 Measurement control system and recorder . 10
7.7 Parameters recorded . 11
8 Test Procedure . 11
8.1 Standard test conditions . 11
8.2 Prior to testing . 12
8.3 Routine testing . 12
8.3.1 General . 12
8.3.2 Tow mode . 12
8.3.3 Push mode . 12
8.4 Airfield operational testing . 13
8.4.1 Towing mode . 13
8.4.2 Push mode . 13
9 Data Recording . 13
10 Calibration . 13
10.1 General . 13
10.2 Load zero/drag zero quick check . 13
10.3 Vertical load and horizontal force (full calibration) . 14
10.3.1 Check/adjust the vertical load zero. 14
10.3.2 Check/adjust the vertical load gain. 14
10.3.3 Check/adjust the horizontal force zero . 14
10.3.4 Check/adjust the horizontal force gain . 14
10.4 Distance . 14
10.5 Water Flow rate . 14
10.6 Full manufacturer’s service and calibration . 14
10.7 Correlation exercise with other devices . 14
11 Precision . 14
12 Test report . 15
Bibliography . 18

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Foreword
This document (CEN/TS 15901-7:2009) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 227 “Road
materials”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to announce this Technical Specification: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
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1 Scope
This Technical Specification describes a method for determining the skid resistance of a surface by
measurement of the longitudinal friction coefficient LFCG.
The method provides a measure of the wet skid resistance properties of a bound surface by measurement of
the longitudinal friction coefficient using a continuous reading small braked wheel fixed-slip device.
The test tyre is dragged over a pre-wetted pavement under controlled speed conditions while the test tyre is
parallel to the direction of motion and perpendicular to the pavement.
Test speeds can vary from 5 km/h to 130 km/h depending on the application. The measured values can be
affected by the test speed.
The method has been developed for use on paved areas such as roads and airport runways and may also be
used indoors.
This Technical Specification covers the operation of the GripTester.

The GripTester is a device developed by Findlay Irvine Ltd in the United Kingdom that uses the braked-
wheel fixed-slip principle with a small test wheel to make measurements of skid resistance continuously on
airfields, roads and other surfaces. The fixed slip ratio is 15 %.
A machine conforming to the general characteristics of the GripTester and the specific provisions of this
Technical Specification may also be used for the tests.
The skid resistance of a pavement is determined by friction measurements and measurements of pavement
texture. Where measurement of pavement texture is required the standard for this measurement and the
device is described in EN ISO 13473-1.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 48, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic – Determination of hardness (hardness between 10 IRHD and
100 IRHD)
ISO 4662, Rubber – Determination of rebound resilience of vulcanizates
3 Recommended uses
The method is applicable to the following types of pavements, for example:
 road surfacings;
 road markings;
 airport runways;
 flight decks;
 footways;
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 pedestrian precincts;
 test panels of surfaces intended for any of the above.
The device may be used for the following fields of application:
 monitoring of networks (pavement management);
 approval of new surfacing;
 measurements for project-level compliance;
 investigation of surface skid resistance;
 comparative measurements among different devices;
 research measurements.
4 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
4.1
friction
resistance to relative motion between two bodies in contact
NOTE The frictional force is the force which acts tangentially in the contact area.
4.2
skid resistance
characterisation of the friction of a road surface when measured in accordance with a standardised method
4.3
wet road skid resistance
property of a trafficked surface that limits relative movement between the surface and the part of a vehicle tyre
in contact with the surface, when lubricated with a film of water
NOTE Factors that contribute to skid resistance include the tyre pressure, contact area, tread pattern, and rubber
composition; the alignment, texture, surface contamination, and characteristics of the road surface; the vehicle speed; and
the weather conditions.
The skid resistance of a road surface in Europe varies seasonally. Generally, wet skid resistance is higher in winter as a
result of the effects of wet detritus and the effects of frost and wear by tyres on microtexture and macrotexture. Wet skid
resistance is lower in summer as a result of dry polishing by tyres in the presence of fine detritus.
The change in skid resistance of a surface in service is affected by the volume of traffic and the composition of the traffic,
i.e. cars, buses, commercial vehicles of different sizes, as the tyres of these vehicles polish and/or wear away the
surfacing material in different ways. The geometry of the road will affect the change in skid resistance. Generally, tyres
polish less on straight roads than on bends.
Where the surface contains aggregate with a coating of binder, e.g. bitumen, resin or Portland cement, the skid resistance
will change as the coating is worn away by tyres.
4.4
pedestrian slip resistance
property of the trafficked surface to maintain the adhesion of a pedestrian shoe sole
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4.5
bound surface
top layer or surface course of a road with the aggregates secured permanently in place
NOTE Aggregates are commonly secured in place by bitumen or Portland cement.
4.6
operating speed
speed at which the device traverses the test surface
4.7
contact area
overall area of the road surface instantaneously in contact with a tyre
NOTE This term describes the overall area generally covered by the tyre. Due to the effects of surface texture or any
tyre tread pattern, not all of the tyre or road surface in the contact area can be in contact at any instant.
4.8
slip speed
relative speed between the test tyre and the travelled surface in the contact area
4.9
slip ratio
slip speed divided by the operating speed
NOTE For devices meeting the requirements of this Technical Specification the slip ratio is fixed by the geared
braking system of the test wheel.
4.10
fixed slip
condition in which a braking system forces the test wheel to roll at a fixed reduction of its operating speed
4.11
braked wheel friction tester
apparatus that can be moved over the test surface at a known, steady speed and that includes a test wheel, a
system for braking the test wheel and instrumentation for measuring the resulting friction between the test tyre
and test surface
4.12
vertical force
load
force applied by the wheel assembly on the contact area
NOTE Some devices use an assumed load based on the static load.
4.13
horizontal force
drag
force acting tangentially on the test wheel in line with the direction of travel
4.14
GripTester
device developed by “Findlay Irvine Ltd in the United Kingdom” in the form of a trailer which can be towed by a
vehicle that contains the recording and control computer and a water supply, which is not manufactured under
license
4.15
instantaneous LFC
drag divided by the vertical load
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4.16
longitudinal friction coefficient
LFC
ratio between horizontal force (drag) and vertical load (load) for a braked wheel in controlled conditions, which
is normally a decimal number quoted to two significant figures
NOTE LFC varies depending on the slip ratio of the device and the operational speed.
4.17
LFCG
LFCG measured by a small braked wheel fixed slip device meeting the requirements of this Technical
Specification
NOTE 1 It is the mean of a number of instantaneous friction readings over a defined length.
NOTE 2 The range of the LFCG is 0,00 to 1,20.
4.18
sampling length
distance over which responses of the sensors are sampled to determine a single measurement of the
recorded variables
NOTE 1 The sampling length depends upon the detailed operation of device and its recording system; a number of
samples may be combined to determine a measurement for a subsection.
NOTE 2 This should not be confused with horizontal resolution which is the shortest distance over which a change in
the measured parameter can be detected.
4.19
subsection
defined length of surface for which one set of the measured variables is reported by the device
NOTE Different devices may use different subsections depending on the context of the measurements, such as 1 m,
5 m, 10 m or 20 m.
4.20
test section
length of road between defined points (e.g. location references, specific features, or measured distances)
comprising a number of subsections over which a continuous sequence of measurements is made
4.21
water delivery system
system for depositing a given amount of water in front of the test tyre so that it then passes betwe
...