oSIST prEN ISO 17225-8:2016

Solid biofuels - Fuel specifications and classes - Part 8: Graded thermally treated and densified biomass fuels (ISO/DIS 17225-8:2016)

This International Standards determines the fuel quality classes and specifications of graded pellets and briquettes made from thermally treated biomass for non-industrial and industrial use. This International Standard covers fuels produced from the following raw materials (see ISO 17225–1, Table 1):
1.1 Forest, plantation and other virgin wood
1.2 By-products and residues from wood processing industry
2.1 Herbaceous biomass from agriculture and horticulture
2.2.1 By-products and residues from food and herbaceous processing industry, chemically untreated herbaceous residues
3.1 Orchard and horticulture fruit
3.2.1 By-products and residues from food and fruit processing industry, chemically untreated fruit residues
4. Aquatic biomass

Biogene Festbrennstoffe - Brennstoffspezifikationen und -klassen - Teil 8: Klassifizierung von thermisch behandelten und gepressten Brennstoffen aus Biomasse (ISO/DIS 17225-8:2016)

Biocombustibles solides - Classes et spécifications des combustibles - Partie 8 (ISO/DIS 17225-8:2016)

Trdna biogoriva - Specifikacije in razredi goriv - 8. del: Sortirana termično obdelana in zgoščena goriva iz biomase (ISO/DIS 17225-8:2016)

General Information

• Status: Not Published
• Public Enquiry End Date: 04-Apr-2016
• ICS: 75.160.40 - Biofuels
• Technical Committee: AGO - Refuse derived fuel
• Current Stage: 98 - Abandoned project (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 29-Jan-2019
• Due Date: 03-Feb-2019
• Completion Date: 29-Jan-2019
• Ref Project: prEN ISO 17225-8 - Solid biofuels - Fuel specifications and classes - Part 8: Graded thermally treated and densified biomass fuels (ISO/DIS 17225-8:2016)

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN ISO 17225-8:2016
01-marec-2016
7UGQDELRJRULYD6SHFLILNDFLMHLQUD]UHGLJRULYGHO6RUWLUDQDWHUPLþQR
REGHODQDLQ]JRãþHQDJRULYDL]ELRPDVH,62',6
Solid biofuels - Fuel specifications and classes - Part 8: Graded thermally treated and
densified biomass fuels (ISO/DIS 17225-8:2016)
Biogene Festbrennstoffe - Brennstoffspezifikationen und -klassen - Teil 8: Klassifizierung
von thermisch behandelten und gepressten Brennstoffen aus Biomasse (ISO/DIS 17225-
8:2016)
Biocombustibles solides - Classes et spécifications des combustibles - Partie 8 (ISO/DIS
17225-8:2016)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN ISO 17225-8
ICS:
27.190 Biološki viri in drugi Biological sources and
alternativni viri energije alternative sources of energy
75.160.10 Trda goriva Solid fuels
oSIST prEN ISO 17225-8:2016 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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oSIST prEN ISO 17225-8:2016

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oSIST prEN ISO 17225-8:2016
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/DIS 17225-8
ISO/TC 238 Secretariat: SIS
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
2016-01-14 2016-04-14
Solid biofuels — Fuel specifications and classes —
Part 8:
Graded thermally treated and densified biomass fuels
Biocombustibles solides — Classes et spécifications des combustibles
ICS: 27.190; 75.160.10
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING
This draft has been developed within the International Organization for
Standardization (ISO), and processed under the ISO lead mode of collaboration
as defined in the Vienna Agreement.
This draft is hereby submitted to the ISO member bodies and to the CEN member
bodies for a parallel five month enquiry.
Should this draft be accepted, a final draft, established on the basis of comments
received, will be submitted to a parallel two-month approval vote in ISO and
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
formal vote in CEN.
FOR COMMENT AND APPROVAL. IT IS
THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND MAY
NOT BE REFERRED TO AS AN INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD UNTIL PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
To expedite distribution, this document is circulated as received from the
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
committee secretariat. ISO Central Secretariat work of editing and text
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL,
composition will be undertaken at publication stage.
TECHNOLOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND
USER PURPOSES, DRAFT INTERNATIONAL
STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO
BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR
POTENTIAL TO BECOME STANDARDS TO
WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
Reference number
NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO/DIS 17225-8:2015(E)
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED
TO SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS,
NOTIFICATION OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT
RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE AND TO
©
PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION. ISO 2015

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oSIST prEN ISO 17225-8:2016
ISO/DIS 17225-8:2015(E)

COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2015, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
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CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland
Tel. [phone]
Fax [phone]
[e-mail]
www.iso.org
ii © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved

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oSIST prEN ISO 17225-8:2016
ISO/DIS 17225-8:2015
Contents
Foreword . iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Symbols and abbreviations . 3
5 Specification of graded pellets produced from thermally treated biomass . 4
6 Specification of graded briquettes produced from thermally treated biomass . 9
Bibliography . 14

© ISO 2015 – All rights reserved
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oSIST prEN ISO 17225-8:2016
ISO/DIS 17225-8:2015
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national
standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally
carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a
technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee.
International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in
the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all
matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. www.iso.org/directives
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received. www.iso.org/patents
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 238, Solid biofuels.
ISO 17225 consists of the following parts, under the general title Solid biofuels — Fuel specifications and
classes:
 Part 1: General requirements
 Part 2: Graded wood pellets
 Part 3: Graded wood briquettes
 Part 4: Graded wood chips
 Part 5: Graded firewood
 Part 6: Graded non-woody pellets
 Part 7: Graded non-woody briquettes
 Part 8: Graded thermally treated and densified biomass fuels
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oSIST prEN ISO 17225-8:2016
ISO/DIS 17225-8:2015
Introduction
The objective of this International Standard is to provide unambiguous and clear classification
principles for solid biofuels; to serve as a tool to enable efficient trading of biofuels; to enable good
understanding between seller and buyer as well as a tool for communication with equipment
manufacturers. It will also facilitate authority permission procedures and reporting.
This International Standard supports the use of thermally treated and densified biomass for household,
small commercial, public building as well as industrial energy generation applications, which require
classified quality.
Thermal treatment includes processes such as torrefaction, steam treatment (explosion pulping),
hydrothermal carbonization and charring, all of which represent different exposure to heat, oxygen,
steam or water. Thermally treated and densified biomass fuels should only be used in appliances with
manufacturer approval.
The household, small commercial and public building applications require higher quality fuel for the
following reasons:
 Small-scale equipment does not usually have advanced controls and flue gas cleaning
 Appliances are not generally managed by professional heating engineers or trained plant operators
 Appliances are often located in living and populated districts
NOTE 1 Pellets produced according to this International Standard may be used in pellet stoves, which are
[1] [2]
tested according to European Standard EN 14785 , pellet burners tested according to EN 15270 and pellet
[3]
.
boilers or integrated-pellet burner systems tested according to EN 303-5
NOTE 2 For individual contracts ISO 17225-1 should be used. ISO 17225-1 can be used for specification of
undensified thermally treated material and charcoal.
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oSIST prEN ISO 17225-8:2016
ISO/DIS 17225-8:2015
Solid biofuels — Fuel specifications and classes — Part 8: Graded
thermally treated and densified biomass fuels
1 Scope
This International Standard determines the fuel quality classes and specifications of graded densified
solid biofuels produced from thermally treated biomass for non-industrial and industrial use. This
International Standard covers pellets and briquettes produced from following raw materials (see ISO
17225–1, Table 1):
 1.1 Forest, plantation and other virgin wood
 1.2 By-products and residues from wood processing industry
 1.3.1 Chemically untreated wood
 2.1 Herbaceous biomass from agriculture and horticulture
 2.2.1 By-products and residues from food and herbaceous processing industry, chemically
untreated herbaceous residues
 3.1 Orchard and horticulture fruit
 3.2.1 By-products and residues from food and fruit processing industry, chemically untreated fruit
residues
 4. Aquatic biomass
Subcategories of the above stated raw materials are included.
This ISO standard does not consider products, which are marketed as charcoal or as charcoal products.
For these products ISO 17225-1 (Table 14) shall apply.
NOTE 1 For thermally treated powder Table 15 or Table 16 in ISO 17225-1 may be used for specification.
NOTE 2 Health, safety and environmental issues for solid biofuels are important and need special attention;
however they are outside the scope of this International Standard.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
1)
ISO 14780, Solid biofuels — Sample preparation
ISO 16559, Solid biofuels — Terminology, definition and description
ISO 16948, Solid biofuels — Determination of total content of carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen
ISO 16968, Solid biofuels — Determination of content of minor elements
ISO 16994, Solid biofuels — Determination of total content of sulphur and chlorine
ISO 17225-1, Solid biofuels — Fuel specification and classes — Part 1: General requirements

1)
To be published.
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oSIST prEN ISO 17225-8:2016
ISO/DIS 17225-8:2015
2)
ISO 17828, Solid biofuels — Determination of bulk density
ISO 17829, Solid biofuels — Determination of length and diameter of pellets
ISO 17831-1, Solid biofuels — Determination of mechanical durability of pellets and briquettes — Part 1:
3)
Pellets
ISO 18122, Solid biofuels — Determination of ash content
ISO 18123, Solid biofuels — Determination of the content of volatile matter
4)
ISO 18125, Solid biofuels — Determination of calorific value
ISO 18134-1, Solid biofuels — Determination of moisture content — Oven dry method — Part 1: Total
5)

moisture — Reference method
ISO 18134-2, Solid biofuels — Determination of moisture content — Oven dry method — Part 2: Total
6)
moisture — Simplified procedure
7)
ISO 18135, Solid biofuels — Sampling
8)
ISO 18846, Solid biofuels — Determination of fines content in quantities of pellets
9)
ISO 18847, Solid biofuels – Determination of particle density of pellets and briquettes
3 Terms and definitions
3.1
thermally treatead biomass
biomass whose properties have been changed through heat treatment (usually by temperatures of 200
°C to 300 °C and above)
EXAMPLE torrefied biomass, charcoal
Note 1 to entry: Drying is not considered thermal treatment in this definition.
Note 2 to entry: In this Part of ISO 17225 standard charcoal is not included.
3.2
pellets made from thermally treated biomass
densified biofuel made from thermally treated solid biomass with or without additives usually with a
cylindrical form, random length typically 5 to 40 mm, diameter up to 25 mm and broken ends

3.3
briquettes made from thermally treated biomass
densified biofuel made with or without additives in form of cubiform, polyhedral, polyhydric or
cylindrical units with diameter of more than 25 mm produced by compressing thermally treated solid
biomass

2)
To be published.
3)
To be published.
4)
To be published.
5)
To be published.
6)
To be published.
7)
To be published.
8)
To be published.
9)
To be published
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oSIST prEN ISO 17225-8:2016
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3.4
additive
material which has been intentionally introduced into the fuel feedstock to improve quality of fuel (e.g.
combustion properties), to reduce emissions or to make production more efficient

Note 1 to entry: Trace amounts of e.g. grease or other lubricants that are introduced into the fuel processing
stream as part of normal mill operations are not considered as additives.

3.5
chemical treatment
any treatment with chemicals other than air, water or heat

Note 1 to entry: Examples of chemical treatment are listed in ISO 17225‑1.

3.6
commercial application
facility that utilizes solid biofuel burning appliances or equipment that have similar fuel requirements
as residential appliances

Note 1 to entry: Commercial applications should not be confused with industrial applications, which can utilize a
much wider array of materials and may have somewhat different fuel requirements.

[SOURCE: ISO 17225-1:2014]
4 Symbols and abbreviations
The symbols and abbreviated terms used in this part of ISO 17225 comply with the SI system of units as
far as possible.
d  dry (dry basis)
ar  as received
w-%  weight-percentage
A  Designation for ash content on dry basis, A [w-%]
d
3
BD  Designation for bulk density as received [kg/m ]
D  Designation for diameter as received, D [mm]
3
DE Designation for particle density as received, DE [g/cm ]
DU  Designation for mechanical durability as received [w-%]
F  Designation for amount of fines as received [w-%, particles less than 3,15 mm]
L  Designation for length as received, L [mm]
M  Designation for moisture content as received on wet basis, M [w-%]
ar
Q  Designation for net calorific value as received, q [MJ/kg or kWh/kg or MWh/t] at
p,net,ar
 constant pressure
VM Designation for content of volatile matter on dry basis [w-%]
3
NOTE 1 1 MJ/kg equals 0,2778 kWh/kg (1 kWh/kg equals 1 MWh/t and 1 MWh/t is 3,6 MJ/kg). 1 g/cm equals
3
1 kg/dm . 1 mg/kg equals 0,000 1 % or 1 ppm.
NOTE 2 Designation symbols are used in combination with a number to specify property levels in Table 1 to
Table 6. For designation of chemical properties, chemical symbols like S (sulfur), Cl (chlorine), N (nitrogen) are
used and the property class is added at the end of the symbol.
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5 Specification of graded pellets produced from thermally treated biomass
The specification of thermally treated pellets is stated in accordance with Tables 1, 2, 3 and Figure 1.
The sampling and analysis of the properties shall be carried out in accordance with the methods
mentioned in the normative references.
10)
Property classes TW1a, TW1b, TW2a, TW2b, TW3a and TW3b represent virgin woods and chemically
untreated wood residues. In Tables 1 and 2 TW1a and TW1b represents fuels which are low in ash and
nitrogen content, while class TW2a and TW2b has slightly higher ash and TW3a and TW3b higher ash
11)
and nitrogen content. Property classes TA1, TA2 and TA3 represent non-woody, chemically untreated
herbaceous, fruit and aquatic biomass. TA1, TA2 and TA3 differ ash, nitrogen and chlorine content. The
TW1a and TW1b property classes may be used as fuel in residential and other small-scale combustion
equipment, if approved by the manufacturer of the equipment. TA property classes are mainly to be
used in industrial applications.
Chemically treated by-products and residues from wood processing industry (1.2.2) and chemically
untreated used wood (1.3.1) are included in classes TW2a, TW2b, TW3a and TW3b as long as they do
not contain heavy metals or halogenated organic compounds more than typical virgin material values
or typical values of country of origin, unless specified in Annex B in ISO 17225-1. Chemically treated
used wood (1.3.2) is not included. In case of raw materials belonging to 1.2.2 (chemically treated wood
according to ISO 17225-1 Table 1) the actual origin of the raw material shall be closely described, e.g.
1.2.2, Residues from laminated wood production.
EXAMPLE Pellets of classes TW2a, TW2b, TW3a and TW3b may be made of 99 w-% sawdust from spruce 1.2.1.2
and may contain up to 1 w-% glued wood from wood beam production (amount of glue < 0,1 %).

D
L

Key
D  Diameter    L Length
Figure 1 – Dimension of pellets
If data for chemical or physical properties are available, further analysis may not be required.
To ensure resources are used appropriately and the declaration is accurate, use the most appropriate
measure below:
1) using previous measured values or obtained by experience of same raw material;
2) calculation of properties, e.g. by using typical values and considering generally accepted and
documented specific values;
3) carrying out of analysis:
a) with simplified methods if available,
b) with reference methods.
The responsibility of the producer or supplier to provide correct and accurate information is exactly the
same whether laboratory analysis is performed or not. Typical values do not release the producer or
supplier from providing accurate and reliable information.

10)
TW = property class for thermally treated woody biomass
11)
TA = property class for thermally treated non-woody biomass (e.g. agrobiomass)
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oSIST prEN ISO 17225-8:2016
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The quality shall be given either in the product declaration or by a corresponding label on the package.
NOTE Specifications of other properties such as grindability, interaction with water with respect to hygroscopic
properties, adsorption and swelling behaviour may be added into the future version of ISO 17225-8, when
methods are developed.
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oSIST prEN ISO 17225-8:2016
ISO/DIS 17225-8:2015
Table 1 — Specification of graded pellets produced from thermally treated woody biomass with
net calorific value on dry basis (Q ) equal or higher than 21 MJ/kg
d
Property class, Analysis method Unit TW1a TW2a TW3a
Normative
Origin and source,  1.1.1 Whole trees 1.1 Forest, plantation 1.1 Forest, plantation
ISO 17225-1 without roots and other virgin wood and other virgin wood
1.1.3 Stemwood 1.2 By-products and 1.2 By-products and
1.1.4 Logging residues residues from wood residues from wood
1.2.1 Chemically processing industry processing industry
untreated wood 1.3.1 Chemically 1.3.1 Chemically
a
residues untreated used wood untreated used wood
b , c
Diameter, D and Length L mm D06, 6 ± 1; D06 to D25, D ± 1; D06 to D25, D ± 1;
ISO 17829 3,15 < L < 40 3,15 < L ≤ 40 3,15 < L ≤ 40
D08, 8 ± 1; (from D06 to D10) (from D06 to D10)
In accordance with Figure 1 3,15 < L < 40 3,15 < L ≤ 50 3,15 < L ≤ 50
(from D12 to D25) (from D12 to D25)
d
Moisture, M , w-% M08 ≤ 8 M08 ≤ 8 M10 ≤ 10
ISO 18134-1, ISO 18134-2 as received,
wet basis
Ash, A, ISO 18122 w-% dry A1.2 ≤ 1,2 A3.0 ≤ 3,0 A5.0 ≤ 5,0
Mechanical durability, DU, w-% DU97.5 ≥ 97,5 DU96.0 ≥ 96,0 DU95.0 ≥ 95.0
ISO 17831-1 as received
e
Fines, F , ISO 18846 w-% F1.0 ≤ 1,0 F4.0 ≤ 4,0 F6.0 ≤ 6,0
as received
f
Additives w-% dry < 4
Type and amount Type and amount Type and amount
to be stated to be stated to be stated
Net calorific value, Q, MJ/kg or  Q21.0 ≥ 21,0 or Q20.2 ≥ 20,2 or Q18.7 ≥ 18,7 or
ISO 18125 kWh/kg Q5.8 ≥ 5,8 Q5.6 ≥ 5,6 Q5.2 ≥ 5,2
as received Value to be stated Value to be stated Value to be stated
3
Bulk density, BD, kg/m BD700 ≥ 700 BD650 ≥ 650 BD550 ≥ 550
ISO 17828 as received Value to be stated Value to be stated Value to be
...