oSIST prEN 14198:2023

Railway applications - Braking - Requirements for the brake system of trains hauled by locomotives

This document specifies basic requirements for the braking of trains hauled by locomotives:
- For trains hauled by locomotives and intended for use in general operation each vehicle is fitted with the traditional brake system with a brake pipe compatible with the UIC brake system.
NOTE This ensures technical compatibility of the brake function between vehicles of various origins in a train (see 5.4).
- For trains hauled by locomotives and intended for use in fixed or predefined formation, the requirements on the vehicle and the train are necessary.
In the case of a UIC brake system, this standard applies; if not, the EN 16185 series or the EN 15734 series applies.
If concerned, the UIC brake architecture described in this standard (see 5.4) can be used for brakes for multiple unit train and high speed trains and urban rail described in the EN 13452 series, the EN 16185 series and the EN 15734 series.
This document also takes into account electrical and electronic control functions and additional brake systems like dynamic brakes and adhesion independent brakes. The brake system requirements, which are specific for on-track machines are set out in EN 14033-1.
This document does not apply to Urban Rail rolling stock braking system, which is specified by EN 13452-1.

Bahnanwendungen - Bremsen - Anforderungen an die Bremsausrüstung lokbespannter Züge

Applications ferroviaires - Freinage - Exigences concernant le système de freinage des trains tractés par locomotive

Železniške naprave - Zavore - Zahteve, ki jih morajo izpolnjevati zavorni sistemi vlakov, vlečeni z lokomotivami

General Information

• Status: Not Published
• Public Enquiry End Date: 29-Sep-2023
• ICS: 45.040 - Materials and components for railway engineering
• ICS: 45.060.01 - Railway rolling stock in general
• Technical Committee: IŽNP - Reilway applications
• Current Stage: 4020 - Public enquire (PE) (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 03-Jul-2023
• Due Date: 20-Nov-2023
• Directive: 2016/797/EU - Directive (EU) 2016/797 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 May 2016 on the interoperability of the rail system within the European Union (Text with EEA relevance)
• Mandate: M/483 - Mandate for programming and standardisation addressed to the European standardisation bodies under directive 2008/57/EC in the field of the interoperability of the rail system within the European Union
• Mandate: M/591 - Standardisation request to the European Committee for Standardisation and the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardisation as regards railway products in support of Directive (EU) 2016/797
• Ref Project: prEN 14198 - Railway applications - Braking - Requirements for the brake system of trains hauled by locomotives

Relations

• Revises: SIST EN 14198:2017+A2:2021 - Railway applications - Braking - Requirements for the brake system of trains hauled by locomotives
• Effective Date: 28-Jan-2023

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 14198:2023
01-september-2023
Železniške naprave - Zavore - Zahteve, ki jih morajo izpolnjevati zavorni sistemi
vlakov, vlečeni z lokomotivami
Railway applications - Braking - Requirements for the brake system of trains hauled by
locomotives
Bahnanwendungen - Bremsen - Anforderungen an die Bremsausrüstung lokbespannter
Züge
Applications ferroviaires - Freinage - Exigences concernant le système de freinage des
trains tractés par locomotive
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 14198
ICS:
45.040 Materiali in deli za železniško Materials and components
tehniko for railway engineering
45.060.01 Železniška vozila na splošno Railway rolling stock in
general
oSIST prEN 14198:2023 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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oSIST prEN 14198:2023

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oSIST prEN 14198:2023


DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
prEN 14198
NORME EUROPÉENNE

EUROPÄISCHE NORM

June 2023
ICS 45.040; 45.060.01 Will supersede EN 14198:2016+A2:2021
English Version

Railway applications - Braking - Requirements for the
brake system of trains hauled by locomotives
Applications ferroviaires - Freinage - Exigences Bahnanwendungen - Bremsen - Anforderungen an die
concernant le système de freinage des trains tractés Bremsausrüstung lokbespannter Züge
par locomotive
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 256.

If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations
which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.

This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.

Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.

Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without
notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.


EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2023 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 14198:2023 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

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Contents Page

European foreword . 4
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms and definitions . 7
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 9
5 Requirements . 10
5.1 General requirements of the train brake system . 10
5.2 General safety requirements . 10
5.2.1 Design principles . 10
5.2.2 Fire protection . 11
5.2.3 Environmental condition . 11
5.3 Requirements of the main brake system . 12
5.3.1 General requirements . 12
5.3.2 General functions on train level . 13
5.3.3 Additional requirements at the vehicle level . 18
5.4 “EN-UIC” brake system - based on air brake system . 20
5.4.1 Foreword. 20
5.4.2 General architecture . 20
5.4.3 Additional brake systems . 21
5.4.4 Functional requirements at train level . 22
5.4.5 Design requirements . 35
5.4.6 Brake functions at vehicle level . 36
5.5 Direct EP brake control . 41
5.6 Additional brake systems . 41
5.6.1 Dynamic brakes . 41
5.6.2 Direct brake . 44
5.6.3 Magnetic track brake . 46
5.7 Brake management . 46
5.7.1 Brake blending at vehicle level . 46
5.7.2 Manual mode . 46
5.7.3 Brake blending at train level . 46
5.7.4 Jerk/ramps . 47
5.8 Wheel slide protection . 48
5.9 Compressed air supply . 48
5.9.1 General requirements . 48
5.9.2 Capacity . 49
5.9.3 Air quality . 49
5.10 Enhancement of wheel/rail adhesion . 49
6 Performances . 50
6.1 General aspects . 50
6.2 Performance calculation . 51
6.2.1 General. 51
6.2.2 Calculations for nominal mode . 52
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6.2.3 Equivalent response and delay time . 52
6.2.4 Calculations for degraded mode . 53
6.2.5 Calculations for degraded conditions . 53
6.3 Relevant load conditions . 53
6.3.1 Locomotives . 53
6.3.2 Coaches . 53
6.3.3 Wagons . 54
6.4 Service braking . 54
6.5 Thermal capacity . 54
6.6 Adhesion . 55
6.6.1 General requirements . 55
6.6.2 Emergency brake application . 55
6.6.3 Service brake application . 55
6.7 Parking brake performance . 56
Annex A (normative) Vehicle requirements . 57
Annex B (informative) Train related brake performance categories . 59
Annex C (informative) Explanation of “proven design” concept . 63
Annex D (informative) Corresponding standards EN – UIC . 64
Annex E (normative) Brake pipe pressure control system . 66
E.1 General requirements . 66
E.2 Release position . 67
E.3 Service brake application . 68
E.4 Emergency brake application . 68
E.5 Overcharge function . 69
E.6 Quick release function . 70
Annex F (normative) Venting performance of emergency valves . 74
F.1 Purpose . 74
F.2 General rules . 74
F.3 Test procedure . 74
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of Directive (EU) 2016/797 aimed to be covered . 76
Bibliography . 80


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European foreword
This document (prEN 14198:2023) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 256 “Railway
applications”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document will supersede EN 14198:2016+A2:2021.
This document includes the following significant technical changes with respect to
EN 14198:2016+A2:2021:
— normative references have been updated;
— definitions have been modified;
— functional requirements at train level for brake modes and positions, for EP assist and for emergency
brake application have been modified;
— requirements for direct brake have been modified;
— requirements for brake management have been modified;
— performance requirements for adhesion have been modified;
— Annex A “Vehicle requirements” has been modified;
— Annexe D “Corresponding standards EN – UIC” has been updated;
— Annex E “Brake pipe pressure control system” has been updated;
— Annex F “Venting performance of emergency valves” has been updated;
— Annex ZA has been updated.
This document has been prepared under a Standardization Request given to CEN by the European
Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU
Directive(s) / Regulation(s).
For relationship with EU Directive(s) / Regulation(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part
of this document.
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1 Scope
This document specifies basic requirements for the braking of trains hauled by locomotives:
— For trains hauled by locomotives and intended for use in general operation each vehicle is fitted with
the traditional brake system with a brake pipe compatible with the UIC brake system.
NOTE This ensures technical compatibility of the brake function between vehicles of various origins in a train
(see 5.4).
— For trains hauled by locomotives and intended for use in fixed or predefined formation, the
requirements on the vehicle and the train are necessary. In the case of a UIC brake system, this
standard applies; if not, the EN 16185 series or the EN 15734 series applies.
If concerned, the UIC brake architecture described in this document (see 5.4) can be used for brakes for
multiple unit train and high speed trains and urban rail described in the EN 13452 series, the EN 16185
series and the EN 15734 series.
This document also takes into account electrical and electronic control functions and additional brake
systems like dynamic brakes and adhesion independent brakes.
The brake system requirements, which are specific for on-track machines are set out in EN 14033-1.
This document does not apply to urban rail rolling stock brake system, which is specified by EN 13452-1.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
1
EN 837-1:1996, Pressure gauges — Part 1: Bourdon tube pressure gauges — Dimensions, metrology,
requirements and testing
EN 854:2015, Rubber hoses and hose assemblies - Textile reinforced hydraulic type - Specification
EN 10220:2002, Seamless and welded steel tubes - Dimensions and masses per unit length
EN 10305-4:2016, Steel tubes for precision applications - Technical delivery conditions - Part 4: Seamless
cold drawn tubes for hydraulic and pneumatic power systems
EN 10305-6:2016, Steel tubes for precision applications - Technical delivery conditions - Part 6: Welded
cold drawn tubes for hydraulic and pneumatic power systems
EN 13749:2021, Railway applications - Wheelsets and bogies - Method of specifying the structural
requirements of bogie frames
EN 14478:2017, Railway applications - Braking - Generic vocabulary
EN 14531-1:2015+A1:2018, Railway applications - Methods for calculation of stopping and slowing
distances and immobilization braking - Part 1: General algorithms utilizing mean value calculation for train
sets or single vehicles

1
Document impacted by AC:1998.
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EN 14531-2:2015, Railway applications - Methods for calculation of stopping and slowing distances and
immobilization braking - Part 2: Step by step calculations for train sets or single vehicles
EN 14535-1:2019, Railway applications - Brake discs for railway rolling stock - Part 1: Brake discs pressed
or shrunk onto the axle or drive shaft, dimensions and quality requirements
EN 14535-2:2019, Railway applications - Brake discs for railway rolling stock - Part 2: Brake discs mounted
onto the wheel, dimensions and quality requirements
EN 14535-3:2015, Railway applications — Brake discs for railway rolling stock — Part 3: Brake discs,
performance of the disc and the friction couple, classification
EN 14601:2005+A2:2021, Railway applications - Straight and angled end cocks for brake pipe and main
reservoir pipe
EN 15220:2016, Railway applications - Brake indicators
EN 15273-2:2013+A1:2016, Railway applications - Gauges - Part 2: Rolling stock gauge
EN 15328:2020, Railway applications - Braking - Brake pads
EN 15329:2019, Railway applications - Braking - Brake block holder and brake block key
EN 15355:2019+A1:2023, Railway applications — Braking — Distributor valves and distributor-isolating
devices
2
Railway applications — Braking — Wheel slide protection
EN 15595:2018,
EN 15611:2020+A1:2022, Railway applications - Braking - Relay valves
EN 15612:2020, Railway applications - Braking - Brake pipe accelerator
EN 15663:2017+A1:2018, Railway applications - Vehicle reference masses
EN 15807:2021, Railway applications - Pneumatic half couplings
EN 16186-2:2017, Railway applications - Driver's cab - Part 2: Integration of displays, controls and
indicators
EN 16207:2014+A1:2019, Railway applications - Braking - Functional and performance criteria of
Magnetic Track Brake systems for use in railway rolling stock
EN 16241:2014+A1:2016, Railway applications - Slack adjuster
EN 16334-1:2014+A1:2022, Railway applications - Passenger Alarm System - Part 1: System requirements
for mainline rail
EN 16451:2015, Railway applications - Braking - Brake pad holder
EN 16452:2015+A1:2019, Railway applications - Braking - Brake blocks
EN 16834:2019, Railway applications - Braking - Brake performance

2
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EN 45545-1:2013, Railway applications - Fire protection on railway vehicles - Part 1: General
EN 45545-2:2020, Railway applications - Fire protection on railway vehicles - Part 2: Requirements for fire
behavior of materials and components
EN 45545-3:2013, Railway applications - Fire protection on railway vehicles - Part 3: Fire resistance
requirements for fire barriers
EN 45545-4:2013, Railway applications - Fire protection on railway vehicles - Part 4: Fire safety
requirements for rolling stock design
EN 45545-5:2013+A1:2015, Railway applications - Fire protection on railway vehicles - Part 5: Fire safety
requirements for electrical equipment including that of trolley buses, track guided buses and magnetic
levitation vehicles
EN 45545-6:2013, Railway applications - Fire protection on railway vehicles - Part 6: Fire control and
management systems
EN 45545-7:2013, Railway applications - Fire protection on railway vehicles - Part 7: Fire safety
requirements for flammable liquid and flammable gas installations
EN 50125-1:2014, Railway applications - Environmental conditions for equipment - Part 1: Rolling stock
and on-board equipment
EN 50163:2004, Railway applications - Supply voltages of traction systems
3
EN 50553:2012, Railway applications — Requirements for running capability in case of fire on board of
rolling stock
EN ISO 1127:1996, Stainless steel tubes - Dimensions, tolerances and conventional masses per unit length
(ISO 1127:1992)
ISO 4975:2022, Railway applications — Braking system — Quality of compressed air for pneumatic
apparatus and systems
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 14478:2017 and the following
apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
general operation
mode of operation of units intended to be coupled with other units in a train formation which is not
defined at design stage

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3.2
brake mode
in the “EN-UIC” design, mode that defines the brake force build up and release timings – namely “G” for
goods timings, i.e. slow-acting, “P” for passenger timings, i.e. fast timing, typically controlled by the brake
distributor in an air brake system
3.3
brake position
in the “EN-UIC” design, position that defines the behaviour of the distributor valve in regard of brake
application and release timings and brake cylinder forces, combined with additional brake systems
Note 1 to entry: E.g. brake positions G, P, R and others.
3.4
automatic brake application
automatic application of the brakes when the brake line is interrupted
3.5
power brake
uses compressed air to apply the brake
3.6
unit
assessable entity which may be a single vehicle/locomotive or a group of vehicles that operate in a fixed
formation
3.7
train
operational formation consisting of one or more units
3.8
rear view position
position in the front cab, where the driver can observe the rear end of the train and can command the
traction and brake system for shunting
3.9
active driving cab
only cab enabled to generate trainwide control signal for traction and service braking
3.10
brake command vehicle
vehicle where the active cab is located
3.11
emergency brake performance
result of an emergency brake application in terms of stopping distances, retardation and brake response
time
3.12
locomotive
traction vehicle (or combination of several vehicles) that is not intended to carry a payload and has the
ability to be uncoupled in normal operation from a train and to operate independently
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3.13
braked weight percentage
also known as λ (lambda) brake performance in accordance with EN 16834
3.14
braked weight
performance value that is obtained by multiplying the braked weight percentage by the total mass of the
vehicle/train and dividing the result by 100 and is expressed in tonnes
3.15
build-up time
time to create an emergency brake application on a single vehicle starting from the beginning of the
pressure rising until 95 % of the maximum brake cylinder pressure is reached
3.16
release time
time for reducing the brake cylinder on a single vehicle, starting from the beginning of the pressure drop
down to 0,4 bar
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms
For the purposes of this document, the following symbols and abbreviated terms apply.
λ braked weight percentage
AC alternating current
BP brake pipe
CCS Control Command and Signalling System
CSM common safety methods
CW marking for freight wagons depending on compliance with TSI WAG requirements, for application
refer to Commission Regulation (EU) No 321/2013, Annex C, Clause 5 “Marking of units”
DC direct current (“Berlin DC-Network” means network of the S-Bahn Berlin, Germany, which runs
on DC)
EMC electromagnetic compatibility
ETCS European Train Control System
GE marking for freight wagons depending on compliance with TSI WAG requirements, for application
refer to Commission Regulation (EU) No 321/2013, Annex C, Clause 5 “Marking of units”
MRP main reservoir pipe
MTB magnetic track brake
UIC International Union of Railways (Union internationale des chemins de fer)
UK United Kingdom
WSP wheel slide protection system
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5 Requirements
5.1 General requirements of the train brake system
The purpose of the train brake system is to ensure that the train’s speed can be reduced or maintained
on a slope, or that the train can be stopped within the maximum allowable braking distance.
Braking also provides the immobilization of a train either for a certain period of time or permanently
when it is not in operation or without any energy on board.
Units designed and assessed to be operated in general operation (various formations of vehicles from
different origins; train formation not defined at the design stage) shall be fitted with a technically
compatible brake system to ensure the brake function in all vehicles of the train.
5.2 General safety requirements
5.2.1 Design principles
The design, construction or assembly, maintenance and monitoring of safety-critical components, and
more particularly of the components involved in train movements, shall ensure safety at the level
corresponding to the aims laid down for the respective railway network. The braking techniques and the
stresses exerted shall be compatible with the design of the tracks, engineering structures and signalling
systems. Brake systems shall conform to the following:
— the design principles listed in the standards on brake systems referred to in Clause 2;
— the brake performances defined in Clause 6;
— the design principles in accordance with the requirements of this document;
— keeping within the specified effects on the infrastructure, particularly regarding EMC and noise
emissions.
In the course of the system design, risks shall be considered and mitigated. As a minimum, the following
hazards shall be taken into account:
a) the brake force applied is greater than the maximum design level:
1) impact on track shifting forces;
2) excessive jerk (impact on standing passengers);
3) significant damage to the contact surface of the wheels or friction partners;
4) impact on load assumptions in the fatigue life of the components generating the brake force;
b) the brake performance is lower than the level of brake demanded:
1) keeping traction effort on the train while emergency brake is requested;
2) required emergency brake performance not achieved;
3) required parking brake performance not achieved;
4) holding brake performance not achieved;
c) there is no brake force when demanded:
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1) no emergency brake on the whole train when requested;
2) automatic (emergency) brake not initiated in the case of an unintended train separation (loss of
train integrity);
3) parking brake:
...