SIST-TP CEN/TR 15678:2008
(Main)Concrete - Release of regulated dangerous substances into soil, groundwater and surface water - Test method for new or unapproved constituents of concrete and for production concretes
Concrete - Release of regulated dangerous substances into soil, groundwater and surface water - Test method for new or unapproved constituents of concrete and for production concretes
This document outlines three test methods. The first is designed to test the constituents of concrete, not designated as WT products, using reference concrete matrices (control mixes and test mixes) wherein the release of (regulated) dangerous substances from the constituent under test, into soil, groundwater or surface water, can be determined. The types of constituent which can be tested using this method are as follows:
a) factory-made cements;
b) aggregates;
c) additions type I;
d) additions type II;
e) admixtures;
f) polymer modifiers;
g) fibres.
The second method, in normative Annex A, is designed to test factory made concrete products, not designated as WT products, as either test pieces sawn or cored from pre-hardened monoliths or as standard-sized moulded test pieces formed from proxy samples of fresh wet material taken from concrete used in the production of factory made items.
The third method, in informative Annex B, is designed to test concretes sampled in the fresh wet state or pre-packaged state, not officially classified as WT products, as standard-sized moulded test pieces.
All three methods produce eluates that may be used for the purposes of characterisation testing, initial type testing (ITT) or further testing (FT) of either the constituents of concrete identified in this Scope or of production concretes.
Beton - Freisetzung regulierter gefährlicher Stoffe in den Boden, das Grundwasser und das Oberflächenwasser - Testmethode für neue oder noch nicht zugelassene Bestandteile von Beton und für Betone
Dieses Dokument beschreibt drei Prüfverfahren. Das erste ist so angelegt, dass die nicht als WT-Produkte ausgewiesenen Betonbestandteile mit Hilfe von Referenzbetonmatrizen (Kontrollmischung und Prüfmischung) geprüft werden, an denen sich die Freisetzung von (regulierten) gefährlichen Substanzen bestimmen lässt. Mit Hilfe dieses Verfahrens können die folgenden Arten von Bestandteilen geprüft werden:
a) werkmäßig hergestellte Zemente;
b) Gesteinskörnungen;
c) Zusatzstoffe vom Typ I;
d) Zusatzstoffe vom Typ II;
e) Zusatzmittel;
f) polymere Modifikatoren;
g) Fasern.
Das im normativen Anhang A beschriebene zweite Verfahren dient zur Prüfung von werkmäßig hergestellten Betonerzeugnissen, die nicht offiziell als WT-Produkt klassifiziert wurden, in Form von aus vorgehärteten Monolithen entweder gesägten oder herausgebohrten Prüfkörpern oder als in Normgröße geformten Probekör¬pern aus Stellvertreterproben,die dem Frischbeton entnommen werden, der zur Produktion von werkmäßig hergestellten Artikeln verwendet wird.
Das im informativen Anhang B beschriebene dritte Verfahren dient zur Prüfung von im frischen oder im vor¬gepackten Zustand beprobten und nicht offiziell als WT-Produkt klassifizierten Betonen in Form von in Norm¬größe geformten Probekörpern.
Alle drei Verfahren führen zu Eluaten, die für Charakterisierungsprüfungen, Erstprüfungen (ITT) oder weiteren Prüfungen (FT) der in diesem Anhang aufgeführten Betonbestandteile oder von Betonen verwendet werden können.
Béton - Relargage de substances dangereuses réglementées dans les sols, les eaux souterraines et les eaux de surface - Méthode d'essai des constituants du béton, nouveaux ou non-approuvés, et des formules de béton
Beton - Sproščanje predpisanih nevarnih snovi v zemljino, podtalnico in površinske vode - Preskusna metoda za nove ali nepotrjene sestavine betona in proizvedene betone
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST-TP CEN/TR 15678:2008
01-julij-2008
%HWRQ6SURãþDQMHSUHGSLVDQLKQHYDUQLKVQRYLY]HPOMLQRSRGWDOQLFRLQ
SRYUãLQVNHYRGH3UHVNXVQDPHWRGD]DQRYHDOLQHSRWUMHQHVHVWDYLQHEHWRQDLQ
SURL]YHGHQHEHWRQH
Concrete - Release of regulated dangerous substances into soil, groundwater and
surface water - Test method for new or unapproved constituents of concrete and for
production concretes
Beton - Freisetzung regulierter gefährlicher Stoffe in den Boden, das Grundwasser und
das Oberflächenwasser - Testmethode für neue oder noch nicht zugelassene
Bestandteile von Beton und für Betone
Béton - Relargage de substances dangereuses réglementées dans les sols, les eaux
souterraines et les eaux de surface - Méthode d'essai des constituants du béton,
nouveaux ou non-approuvés, et des formules de béton
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN/TR 15678:2008
ICS:
91.100.30 Beton in betonski izdelki Concrete and concrete
products
SIST-TP CEN/TR 15678:2008 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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TECHNICAL REPORT
CEN/TR 15678
RAPPORT TECHNIQUE
TECHNISCHER BERICHT
April 2008
ICS 91.100.30
English Version
Concrete - Release of regulated dangerous substances into soil,
groundwater and surface water - Test method for new or
unapproved constituents of concrete and for production
concretes
Béton - Relargage de substances dangereuses Beton - Freisetzung regulierter gefährlicher Stoffe in den
réglementées dans les sols, les eaux souterraines et les Boden, das Grundwasser und das Oberflächenwasser -
eaux de surface - Méthode d'essai des constituants du Testmethode für neue oder noch nicht zugelassene
béton, nouveaux ou non-approuvés, et des formules de Bestandteile von Beton und für Betone
béton
This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 1 October 2007. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 51.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
© 2008 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN/TR 15678:2008: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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CEN/TR 15678:2008 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword.3
Introduction .4
1 Scope .10
2 Normative references .10
3 Terms and definitions .11
4 Principle.12
5 Reagents.13
6 Apparatus .13
7 Reference concrete.13
8 Sampling of constituents.14
9 Control mix, test mixes and test pieces .15
10 Preparation of concrete test pieces.17
11 Extraction procedure.18
12 Assessment of unapproved constituents .18
13 Analysis .19
14 Calculation of results .19
15 Expression of results .20
16 Test report .20
17 Test performance (precision estimates and uncertainty) .23
Annex A (normative) Testing for release of (regulated) dangerous substances from pre-hardened
concrete products formed in the factory .24
Annex B (informative) Testing for release of (regulated) dangerous substances from hardened test
pieces representative of fresh wet concretes or pre-packaged concretes .27
Annex C (informative) Principles of laboratory concrete mix design to be applied for the
assessment of new/unapproved constituents of concrete .30
Bibliography .35
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CEN/TR 15678:2008 (E)
Foreword
This document (CEN/TR 15678:2008) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 51 “Cement and
buliding limes”, the secretariat of which is held by NBN.
It describes test methods, that when completed, will produce eluates for the assessment of inorganic and
organic substances potentially released from either the constituents of concretes (tested within hardened
reference concretes) or from production concretes (or test pieces representative of production concretes)
whether presented in the pre-hardened/precast state, fresh wet state or pre-packaged.
This document is currently incomplete. This document does not include the extraction procedure necessary to
produce the eluates because extraction procedures will be developed within a programme of horizontal test
method standardisation under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free
Trade Association in order to support essential requirements of EU Directives. The necessary programme of
work is being undertaken in CEN/TC 351 Construction products – Assessment of release of dangerous
substances.
Annex A, which is normative, describes the testing for release of (regulated) dangerous substances from pre-
hardened concrete products formed in the factory.
Annex B, which is informative, describes the testing for release of (regulated) dangerous substances from
hardened test pieces representative of fresh wet concretes or pre-packaged concretes.
Annex C, which is informative, describes the principles of laboratory concrete mix design to be applied for the
assessment of new/unapproved constituents of concrete.
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CEN/TR 15678:2008 (E)
Introduction
Regulatory background
In March 2005 the Commission Services of the European Union published mandate M/366 “Development of
horizontal standardised assessment methods for harmonised approaches relating to (regulated) dangerous
substances under the Construction Products Directive (CPD)”. M/366 deals with the subject of emissions or
release of (regulated) dangerous substances from construction products, as defined in the CPD, which may
have harmful impacts on human health and the environment in relation to essential requirement No. 3 (ER 3),
Health, hygiene and the environment, of the CPD. The mandate is intended to provide harmonised European
measurement/test method standards that are needed in order to remove technical barriers to trade and bring
about the “approximation” of laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States. The
measurement/test standards should provide results that can be expressed in performance terms and be
suitable for addressing the emission or release of (regulated) dangerous substances within provisions in
harmonised European Technical Specifications (ETS).
For ease of assigning the appropriate environments or exposure scenarios to individual products, the
environment is notionally divided into two distinct environmental compartments: indoor air and soil,
groundwater and surface water. In this context, it is important to recognize that essential requirement No. 3
only covers the potential effects of construction on the health of occupants and neighbours of construction
works and the environment immediately surrounding the works. In life-cycle terms, it covers only the service
life of a product and, therefore, does not cover the construction phase or end-of-use/disposal.
These distinct environmental compartments are necessarily associated with exposure-specific test
methodologies, the emission of volatile, semi-volatile or other substances into indoor air being physico-
chemically, kinetically and thermodynamically distinct from release into aqueous environments. The test
methods described herein address only the potential release of substances into soil, groundwater and surface
water, forms of aqueous exposure which, given the focus on service-life, could be described as the natural
environment. Assessment of emission of substances into indoor air may or may not be relevant for the
cementitious products identified in this CEN TR. However, if it emerges that the regulatory regime requires
that this aspect of performance be addressed, then the European cement and concrete sector, via its
standardization committees, will involve itself in appropriate work items.
At the time of drafting this CEN TR, spring 2007, there are a number of uncertainties about the regulatory
regime that will eventually govern the assessment of emission/release of dangerous substances from
construction products within Europe. In particular, it is unclear which products and/or materials will be subject
to any part of the emerging regulatory regime. In the case of cement-containing products or materials such as
concrete there is additional uncertainty because, with the exception of mixing water, all the constituents of
concrete are construction products mandated in their own right under the Construction Products Directive
(CPD). However, the constituents of concrete do not come into direct contact with either soil, groundwater or
surface water and this could be taken to infer that they should not be subject to any regulatory provisions
except that some (i.e. those not already standardised under national standards or European Technical
Specifications) are subject to assessment within some Member States' existing environmental regulations.
Furthermore, some types of concrete, for example fresh wet concretes, have not been mandated as
construction products under the CPD and therefore might be considered to be outside any European
regulatory regime based upon it. The complicating factor for these materials, though, is that they are subject
to some EU Member States' existing regulations and may, in consequence, need to be assessed under a
European regulatory regime.
It is also unclear whether the assessment and classification framework under development for use in the
European regulatory regime will eventually be adopted. Currently, however, there are indications that the
framework will include three distinct elements:
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CEN/TR 15678:2008 (E)
a 'deemed to satisfy' classification scheme for assessing some products on the basis of existing, generally
accepted knowledge, currently known as 'without testing (WT)';
a classification scheme known as 'without further testing (WFT)' but based on initial testing using agreed
European test methods may also form part of the regime;
and for use in those cases where the above classifications are either inapplicable or where products cannot
achieve either classification because they can emit or release substances in amounts in excess of the
classification criteria, there would be a need to carry out 'further testing (FT)' in the form of routine or
conformity testing, again using agreed European test methods called up from appropriate provisions placed in
harmonised European Technical Specifications (e.g. harmonised European product standards and European
Technical Approvals). However, it is clear that the eventual European regulatory regime will neither establish
nor include any pan-European assessment criteria for assessing emission or release under conditions of
'further testing (FT)'. Assessment under FT conditions will be a matter of comparing results obtained using
European test methods with the appropriate, and possibly appropriately modified, limiting criteria in EU
Member States' existing national regulations.
Given the regulatory uncertainties outlined above, this CEN TR has taken the position that its scope must
initially include:
all types of concrete [pre-hardened/precast, fresh wet (ready-mixed and site-mixed) and pre-packaged);
and all the constituents of concrete, with the exception of mixing water;
so as to cover the eventuality that any of these, whether mandated construction products or not, may need to
be assessed for the purposes of conformity with Essential Requirement 3 of the Construction Products
Directive because any can come into either direct or indirect (constituents of concrete) contact with soil,
groundwater or surface water. However, those products that have been mandated as construction products in
their own right under the CPD are dealt with in normative provisions in this CEN TR whereas those that have
not been mandated are dealt with in informative provisions.
Overall scope of products and test methods
This CEN TR describes three distinct test methods but all use the same extraction procedure. The first will
permit the constituents (e.g. cement, additions, aggregates, admixtures, fibres etc) of concrete that have not
been officially classified as WT products (i.e. without testing to a European standard test method being
required) to be assessed against any European or national requirements for release of (regulated) dangerous
substances from hardened test pieces of concrete into soil, groundwater or surface water.
The second method, in normative Annex A, is designed to permit factory made pre-hardened concretes, or
test pieces representative of factory made concretes, which have not been officially classified as WT products,
to be assessed against any European or national requirements for release of (regulated) dangerous
substances into soil, groundwater or surface water.
The third method, in informative Annex B, is designed to permit concretes sampled in the fresh wet state or
pre-packaged (and also not officially classified as WT products) to be assessed in the hardened state, against
any European or national requirements for release of (regulated) dangerous substances into soil, groundwater
or surface water.
Construction products, whether constituents of concrete or concrete itself, that have been officially classified
as WT products by way of authorised procedures will not require to be tested by the methods described herein.
In consequence, the overall scope is directed to the testing of new or previously unapproved constituents of
concretes, or to production concretes where a requirement to test the end-use product has arisen.
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CEN/TR 15678:2008 (E)
Constituents - general description of the method of test
The first method describes how to determine the release of (regulated) dangerous substances from a
new/unapproved constituent of concrete. The method is comparative in that results obtained from a
laboratory prepared reference concrete which does not include the constituent under test (control mix) are
subtracted from the results obtained from a reference concrete that incorporates the test constituent by either
substitution or addition (test mix).
A new/unapproved constituent for use in concrete can be incorporated into a reference concrete in three
different ways, either by:
• substitution (partial or full) for a reference constituent of the same type and which reference
constituent has either been classified as WT or has otherwise demonstrated its fitness for intended
use, as in the case of: factory-made cements, aggregates, type I additions;
• substitution (partial) for a reference constituent of a different type and which reference constituent
has either been classified as WT or has otherwise demonstrated its fitness for intended use, as in the
case of: type I or type II additions;
• or by addition to the reference concrete, as in the case of: admixtures, polymer modifiers and fibres.
As a principle, the method seeks to isolate, as far as is practicable, the contribution to the release of
substances from the unapproved constituent i.e. the constituent under test, from the contributions from the
other constituents that make up the reference concrete. However, complete isolation of contributions to
release, one constituent from another, is not possible for all types of constituents. For example, if substitution
by a type II addition or addition by a chemical admixture leads via a synergistic effect (e.g. by a micro-
structural modification) to a reduction in permeability of a test mix in comparison with its companion control
mix, then complete isolation will not have been achieved. Such synergies, however, occur in concretes as
used in the field, therefore, the overall effects on release from the relevant hardened test mixes will also tend
to reflect reality.
In general, in the case where an unapproved constituent replaces a reference constituent by substitution, the
assessment is made by subtracting, in whole or in part (depending on the type of constituent and the level of
substitution), the results for release of substances obtained for the reference concrete (i.e. the control mix)
from those obtained for the test mix in which the unapproved constituent is present. The exception to this rule
occurs in the specific case where the unapproved constituent is a factory made cement. In this particular case
the design of the method is such that there will be no contributions from other constituents to be subtracted.
Similarly, in the case where an unapproved constituent is added to a reference concrete, the assessment is
made after subtracting any contributions to release of substances from the reference concrete in which the
constituent under test is absent (i.e. the control mix) from any contributions from the test mix to which the
constituent has been added.
Production concretes - general description of the method of test
The second and third methods, in normative Annex A and informative Annex B, respectively, utilise the same
test conditions for assessing release of (regulated) dangerous substances but start from the sampling of
production concretes. In cases where products are supplied to the market as formed in the factory, they may
be sampled as either finished items (monoliths) or as proxy samples of the fresh wet material used in their
production. Where materials are supplied in a formless state, samples are taken from the fresh wet materials.
Where products are supplied pre-packaged, each sample is a representative whole bag of product.
In the case of products sampled in the fully formed (monolithic) state, test pieces are prepared by either
sawing or coring regular shaped test pieces of appropriate dimensions from the factory-made item. Whereas,
in the case of samples of fresh wet material and pre-packaged products, test pieces are prepared as
standard-sized moulded test pieces.
Moulded test pieces are cured under different conditions depending on the product type from which they are
taken. In the case of proxy samples taken from fresh wet material used in the production of factory made
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CEN/TR 15678:2008 (E)
items, these are cured under conditions that are representative of those used in the manufacture of the item.
In the case of test pieces prepared from pre-packaged products and fresh wet materials as supplied to the
market, these are cured for periods specified in specifications or regulations appropriate to the material type.
Subsequent to curing, test pieces, representing production of concrete, are subject to the same extraction
conditions as those used for testing individual constituents in reference mixes of concrete.
However, in the case of production materials, there is no place for a reference concrete in the test method
because it is the overall release of substances from the sample taken from production that is to be assessed
against either generic limit (e.g. threshold) values or classes of performance appropriate to concrete, rather
than, as in the first method, limit values or performance classes appropriate to individual constituents.
Extraction conditions
The extraction procedure to be adopted by the methods described herein will be the horizontal monolithic bulk
diffusion method developed by CEN/TC 351 Construction products – Assessment of release of dangerous
substances, established in 2005.
However, a preliminary comparison has been carried out by CEN/TC 51 of the main features of the bulk
diffusion tests that are, or could be, relevant to concrete and its constituents that are either already published
or are currently under development. The extraction conditions employed by the different methods, and that
may have relevance to the bulk diffusion extraction procedure likely to be developed by CEN/TC 351, are
summarised in Table 1 below.
Table 1 — Test methods
Test method
Main feature of CEN CR 351XX Draft procedure in Dutch NEN CEN/TC 292 draft
method support of German 7345 [5] compliance test for
[3]
DIBt regulations[4] leaching from
(unpublished)
monolithic waste (2003)
[6]
Scope Natural Natural environment Natural Natural environment
environment (groundwater & soil) environment
Test pieces
100 mm 100 mm concrete Minimum Minimum dimension 40
concrete cubes cubes dimension 40 mm
made in mm
accordance with
EN 12390-2
Moulding
Thorough Shale oil must not be Method is May be prepared by
requirements washing, no used generic and moulding, cutting or
release oil. does not deal coring
with concrete
specifically
Reference
Test samples Cement content 280 Method is Method is generic and
3
concrete are production kg/m generic and does not deal with
composition
concretes does not deal concrete specifically
w/c 0.60 (or highest
with concrete
anticipated for use)
specifically
Aggregate to DIN
4226
Curing Demoulded at Demoulded at 24 h Method is Not specified but age
conditions
24 h generic and must be recorded
Up to 56 days in
does not deal
6 days in sealed sealed plastics at (20 Test pieces to be stored
with concrete
°
polythene bag at ± 2) C. in sealed containers at
specifically
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CEN/TR 15678:2008 (E)
° °
(20 ± 2) C (20 ± 5) C.
Storage up to 91 days
may be agreed
Minimum of 21
days at 65 %
RH
Number of test 1 1 Minimum of 2 1 (but several can be in
pieces the one tank)
Age of test Greater than 91 Normally 56 days Method is Not specified but should
piece at test days generic and be adequate to enable
does not deal structure to have
Weight at test to
with concrete stabilised
be within 1 % of
specifically
demould weight
Test pieces No No No No. Dust removed with
rinsed before compressed air.
testing
Tank details Unplasticized PE, PTFE or glass Unplasticised Glass or plastics. Must
plastics, plastics be capable of containing
sealable sealable applied vacuum
Washing of 1M HNO then Not specified Not specified Not specified but blank
3
equipment demineralised required
water
Leachant Demineralised Demineralised water Demineralised Demineralised water with
water with pH water with pH pH between 5 and 7,5
between 4 and 7 of (4 ±) 0.1
° ° ° °
Leaching (20 ± 2) C (20 ± 3) C (20 ± 2) C (20 ± 5) C
temperature
Stirring No Yes No Yes
Initial vacuum No No No Yes
for saturation
Liquid volume : (In range 67:1 to 80:1 Not specified 6
test piece 100:1)
surface ratio
-2)
(lm )
Liquid volume : >4 < 6 Not specified >4 <6 Not specified
test piece
volume ratio
Leaching 6h 1d 6h 6h
periods
24h 2d 1d 1d
78h 4d 2,25d 2d
7d 9d 4d
14d 16d 9d
24d 16d
36d
64d
Tests on pH, conductivity, pH, conductivity, Not specified pH, conductivity (redox
leachate inorganic inorganic analysis, potential may be
analysis TOC measured)
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CEN/TR 15678:2008 (E)
Storage of Minimise Not specified Not specified Not specified
leachate headspace, for
most cations
acidify with
HNO
3
Blank No No No Max. of 20 %
correction contamination by any
component
No correction for blank
values
Limiting No Yes No No
criteria
Expression of Area related Area related release Area related Concentration in (mg/l)
2 2 2
results release (mg/m ) (mg/m ) at 56 days release (mg/m ) for the specified contact
times
Calculation of
effective diffusion Area-related release
2
coefficient (mg/m )
Prediction of Leached quantity (mg/kg)
substance
concentrations in
contact with
groundwater
Assessment of results
The assessment of the results produced by the test methods in relation to the potential impact on soil,
groundwater or surface water is a regulatory matter. Assessment of the release scenarios in combination with
current transfer models applied at national level in some EU Member States allows the calculation of
concentrations of relevant (regulated) dangerous substances to be predicted at, either:
any distance from the point of contact between the construction product and the soil or groundwater, or;
for any period of time during which the construction product could be in contact with soil or groundwater.
In the former case, where the distance from the construction product (point of compliance) has been fixed by
the competent authorities at a national level, the calculated concentrations can be compared with the
respective limit values. Alternatively, the transfer modelling can be used to derive limit values to be applied at
the laboratory level for those substances which have regulatory limits established at the national level.
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CEN/TR 15678:2008 (E)
1 Scope
This document outlines three test methods. The first is designed to test the constituents of concrete, not
designated as WT products, using reference concrete matrices (control mixes and test mixes) wherein the
release of (regulated) dangerous substances from the constituent under test, into soil, groundwater or surface
water, can be determined. The types of constituent which can be tested using this method are as follows:
a) factory-made cements;
b) aggregates;
c) additions type I;
d) additions type II;
e) admixtures;
f) polymer modifiers;
g) fibres.
The second method, in normative Annex A, is designed to test factory made concrete products, not
designated as WT products, as either test pieces sawn or cored from pre-hardened monoliths or as standard-
sized moulded test pieces formed from proxy samples of fresh wet material taken from concrete used in the
production of factory made items.
The third method, in informative Annex B, is designed to test concretes sampled in the fresh wet state or pre-
packaged state, not officially classified as WT products, as standard-sized moulded test pieces.
All three methods produce eluates that may be used for the purposes of characterisation testing, initial type
testing (ITT) or further testing (FT) of either the constituents of concrete identified in this Scope or of
production concretes.
2 Normative references
The following documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only
the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
EN 197-1, Cement – Part 1: Composition, specifications and conformity criteria for common cements
EN 206-1:2000, Concrete – Part 1: Specification, performance, production and conformity
EN 480-1, Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout – Test methods – Part 1: Reference concrete and
reference mortar for testing
EN 1015-2, Method of test for mortar for masonry – Part 2
...
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