SIST EN 16322:2014
(Main)Conservation of Cultural Heritage - Test methods - Determination of drying properties
Conservation of Cultural Heritage - Test methods - Determination of drying properties
This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of the drying behaviour of porous inorganic materials used for and constituting cultural property. The method may be applied to porous inorganic materials either untreated or subjected to any treatment or ageing.
Erhaltung des kulturellen Erbes - Prüfverfahren - Trocknungsverhalten
Diese Europäische Norm legt ein Verfahren zur Bestimmung des Trocknungsverhaltens von porösen anorganischen Materialien fest, die an oder in kulturellem Erbe Verwendung finden. Das Verfahren ist auf unbehandelte oder behandelte oder durch Alterung beanspruchte poröse anorganische Materialien anwendbar.
Conservation du patrimoine culturel - Méthodes d'essai - Détermination des propriétés de séchage
La présente Norme européenne spécifie une méthode de détermination du comportement au séchage des matériaux inorganiques poreux utilisés dans les biens culturels ou les constituant. Cette méthode peut s'appliquer aux matériaux inorganiques poreux non traités, soumis à un traitement quelconque ou faisant l’objet d’un vieillissement.
Ohranjanje kulturne dediščine - Preskusne metode - Določevanje lastnosti sušenja
Ta evropski standard navaja metodo za določevanje vedenja poroznega anorganskega materiala, ki predstavlja kulturno dediščino in se uporablja zanjo, pri sušenju. Ta metoda se lahko uporablja za porozne anorganske materiale, ki niso bili obdelani ali pa so bili obdelani s katero koli metodo ali postopkom staranja.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Erhaltung des kulturellen Erbes - Prüfverfahren - TrocknungsverhaltenConservation du patrimoine culturel - Méthodes d'essai - Détermination des propriétés de séchageConservation of Cultural Heritage - Test methods - Determination of drying properties97.195Umetniški in obrtniški izdelkiItems of art and handicraftsICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 16322:2013SIST EN 16322:2014en,fr,de01-januar-2014SIST EN 16322:2014SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
SIST EN 16322:2014
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 16322
October 2013 ICS 97.195 English Version
Conservation of Cultural Heritage - Test methods - Determination of drying properties
Conservation du patrimoine culturel - Méthodes d'essai - Détermination des propriétés de séchage
Erhaltung des kulturellen Erbes - Prüfverfahren - Trocknungsverhalten This European Standard was approved by CEN on 24 August 2013.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels © 2013 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 16322:2013: ESIST EN 16322:2014
EN 16322:2013 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword . 3 Introduction . 4 1 Scope . 5 2 Normative references . 5 3 Terms and definitions . 5 4 Principle. 6 5 Symbols and abbreviations . 6 6 Test equipment . 6 7 Preparation of the specimens . 6 7.1 Number and dimensions of the test specimens . 6 7.2 Pre-conditioning of the specimens . 7 8 Test procedure . 7 9 Expression of results . 9 9.1 Determination of the drying curve . 9 9.2 Calculation of the drying rate . 9 9.2.1 Calculation of the drying rate corresponding to the first drying phase D1 . 9 9.2.2 Calculation of the drying rate corresponding to the second drying phase D2 . 9 9.2.3 Determination of the knick-point . 9 9.3 Calculation of drying index . 10 10 Test report . 10 Annex A (normative)
Numerical example . 11 Annex B (informative)
Influence of ventilation on the drying curve . 14
SIST EN 16322:2014
EN 16322:2013 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 16322:2013) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 346 “Conservation of Cultural Heritage”, the secretariat of which is held by UNI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2014, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by April 2014. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. SIST EN 16322:2014
EN 16322:2013 (E) 4 Introduction This test method can be applied if it does not change the value of the cultural property according to the ethical code of conservation practice. The drying properties of materials can be calculated from a curve that indicates the weight loss of the mass of water inside the sample, as a function of time, during a drying experiment. Usually the drying of specimens saturated with water consists of two phases. The first drying phase is characterised by transport of liquid water to the surface followed by evaporation. The surface remains wet allowing evaporation at a constant rate, as water moves to the surface fast enough to compensate for the losses due to evaporation. The evaporation at the surface is determined to a large extent by the test boundary conditions. These are temperature, relative humidity and the flow velocity of the ambient air. The slope of the drying curve during the first drying phase therefore reflects these conditions. The second drying phase starts when the amount of water brought to the surface becomes too small to keep the surface wetted and the rate of evaporation decreases. Transport of liquid water to the surface is no longer possible and only the less efficient vapour diffusion mechanism remains available. Some materials, e.g. adobe or sandstones containing clay, do not dry in this typical two-phase drying curve. For example, in the case of material treated with water repellent, the first drying phase does not exist. SIST EN 16322:2014
EN 16322:2013 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of the drying behaviour of porous inorganic materials used for and constituting cultural property. The method may be applied to porous inorganic materials either untreated or subjected to any treatment or ageing. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 15898, Conservation of cultural property - Main general terms and definitions 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 15898 and the following apply. 3.1 porous inorganic material material including natural stones as sandstone, limestone, marble, and others as well as artificial materials such as mortar, plaster, brick and others 3.2 drying rate mass of water transported through the specimen per area and time 3.3 drying curve graphical representation of water loss over time showing in most inorganic porous materials two distinct drying phases 3.4 first drying phase characterised by transport of liquid water to the surface followed by evaporation 3.5 second drying phase characterised by a decrease in liquid water transport and an increase in water vapour diffusion limited by hygric material properties 3.6 knick-point of the drying curve time of transition between the first and the second drying phases shown on the drying curve 3.7 drying index area under the curve derived by graphical or mathematical methods SIST EN 16322:2014
EN 16322:2013 (E) 6 4 Principle Determination of the drying behaviour of porous inorganic materials saturated with water and subjected to drying in a controlled environment. 5 Symbols and abbreviations mmax mass of the saturated sealed specimen, in kg; mi mass of the sealed specimen at time ti, in kg; mf final mass of the sealed specimen at time tf, in kg; ti time elapsed from the beginning of the test, in h; tk time at which the knick-point is reached in h; tf final time of the test, in h; A area of the drying face, in m2; D1 drying rate corresponding to the first drying phase, in kg/m2 h; D2 drying rate corresponding to the second drying phase, in kg/m2 h1/2; ID drying index; Mi residual amount of water of the specimen at time ti per unit area, in kg/m2; ß vapour transfer coefficient. 6 Test equipment 6.1 A chronometer with an accuracy of at least 1 s. 6.2 A ventilated oven which can maintain a temperature of (60 ± 2) °C. 6.3 An analytical balance with an accuracy of at least 0,01 g. 6.4 A linear measuring device (calliper) with an accuracy of at least 0,1 mm. 6.5 Climatic chamber with temperature of (23 ± 1) °C and relative humidity (50 ± 3) %.
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