Quality management - Guidance on statistical techniques for ISO 9001:2015

Lignes directrices pour les techniques statistiques relatives à l'ISO 9001:2015

Vodenje kakovosti - Napotki za statistične metode v zvezi z ISO 9001:2015

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Status
Not Published
Public Enquiry End Date
29-Sep-2020
Current Stage
5020 - Formal vote (FV) (Adopted Project)
Start Date
03-Mar-2021
Due Date
21-Apr-2021
Completion Date
07-May-2021

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SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST ISO/DIS 10017:2020
01-september-2020
Vodenje kakovosti - Napotki za statistične metode v zvezi z ISO 9001:2015
Quality management - Guidance on statistical techniques for ISO 9001:2015
Lignes directrices pour les techniques statistiques relatives à l'ISO 9001:2015
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ISO/DTR 10017
ICS:
03.120.10 Vodenje in zagotavljanje Quality management and
kakovosti quality assurance
03.120.30 Uporaba statističnih metod Application of statistical
methods
oSIST ISO/DIS 10017:2020 en

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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oSIST ISO/DIS 10017:2020
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oSIST ISO/DIS 10017:2020
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/DIS 10017
ISO/TC 176/SC 3 Secretariat: NEN
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
2020-04-10 2020-07-03
Quality management — Guidance on statistical techniques
for ISO 9001:2015
ICS: 03.120.30; 03.120.10
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
FOR COMMENT AND APPROVAL. IT IS
THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND MAY
NOT BE REFERRED TO AS AN INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD UNTIL PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL,
This document is circulated as received from the committee secretariat.
TECHNOLOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND
USER PURPOSES, DRAFT INTERNATIONAL
STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO
BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR
POTENTIAL TO BECOME STANDARDS TO
WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
Reference number
NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO/DIS 10017:2020(E)
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED
TO SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS,
NOTIFICATION OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT
RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE AND TO
PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION. ISO 2020
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oSIST ISO/DIS 10017:2020
ISO/DIS 10017:2020(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2020

All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may

be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting

on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address

below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
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Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
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oSIST ISO/DIS 10017:2020
ISO/DIS 10017:2020(E)
Contents Page

Foreword ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................v

Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................vi

1 Scope ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1

2 Normative references ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 1

3 Terms and definitions ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 1

4 Statistical techniques in the implementation of ISO 9001 ....................................................................................... 2

5 Quantitative data and associated statistical techniques in ISO 9001 ............................................................2

6 Applicability of selected techniques ................................................................................................................................................ 8

7 Description of statistical techniques ............................................................................................................................................... 9

7.1 Descriptive statistics .......................................................................................................................................................................... 9

7.1.1 General description ....................................................................................................................................................... 9

7.1.2 Numerical ............................................................................................................................................................................... 9

7.1.3 Graphical ..............................................................................................................................................................................10

7.1.4 Benefits .................................................................................................................................................................................10

7.1.5 Limitations and cautions .......................................................................................................................................11

7.1.6 Examples of applications .......................................................................................................................................11

7.2 Design of experiments ...................................................................................................................................................................11

7.2.1 General description ....................................................................................................................................................11

7.2.2 Benefits .................................................................................................................................................................................12

7.2.3 Limitations and cautions .......................................................................................................................................12

7.2.4 Examples of applications .......................................................................................................................................12

7.3 Hypothesis testing ............................................................................................................................................................................13

7.3.1 General description ....................................................................................................................................................13

7.3.2 Benefits .................................................................................................................................................................................13

7.3.3 Limitations and cautions .......................................................................................................................................13

7.3.4 Examples of applications .......................................................................................................................................13

7.4 Measurement system analysis ................................................................................................................................................14

7.4.1 General description ....................................................................................................................................................14

7.4.2 Benefits .................................................................................................................................................................................14

7.4.3 Limitations and cautions .......................................................................................................................................14

7.4.4 Examples of applications .......................................................................................................................................15

7.5 Process capability analysis ........................................................................................................................................................15

7.5.1 General description ....................................................................................................................................................15

7.5.2 Benefits .................................................................................................................................................................................15

7.5.3 Limitations and cautions .......................................................................................................................................16

7.5.4 Examples of applications .......................................................................................................................................16

7.6 Regression analysis ..........................................................................................................................................................................16

7.6.1 General description ....................................................................................................................................................16

7.6.2 Benefits .................................................................................................................................................................................17

7.6.3 Limitations and cautions .......................................................................................................................................17

7.6.4 Examples of applications .......................................................................................................................................18

7.7 Reliability analysis ............................................................................................................................................................................18

7.7.1 General description ....................................................................................................................................................18

7.7.2 Benefits .................................................................................................................................................................................19

7.7.3 Limitations and cautions .......................................................................................................................................19

7.7.4 Examples of applications .......................................................................................................................................19

7.8 Sampling ....................................................................................................................................................................................................20

7.8.1 General description ....................................................................................................................................................20

7.8.2 Benefits .................................................................................................................................................................................20

7.8.3 Limitations and cautions .......................................................................................................................................20

7.8.4 Examples of applications .......................................................................................................................................21

7.9 Simulation ................................................................................................................................................................................................21

© ISO 2020 – All rights reserved iii
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oSIST ISO/DIS 10017:2020
ISO/DIS 10017:2020(E)

7.9.1 General description ....................................................................................................................................................21

7.9.2 Benefits .................................................................................................................................................................................21

7.9.3 Limitations and cautions .......................................................................................................................................21

7.9.4 Examples of applications .......................................................................................................................................22

7.10 Statistical process control ..........................................................................................................................................................22

7.10.1 General description ....................................................................................................................................................22

7.10.2 Benefits .................................................................................................................................................................................23

7.10.3 Limitations and cautions .......................................................................................................................................23

7.10.4 Examples of applications .......................................................................................................................................23

7.11 Statistical tolerance ..........................................................................................................................................................................24

7.11.1 General description ....................................................................................................................................................24

7.11.2 Benefits .................................................................................................................................................................................24

7.11.3 Limitations and cautions .......................................................................................................................................24

7.11.4 Examples of applications .......................................................................................................................................25

7.12 Time series analysis .........................................................................................................................................................................25

7.12.1 General description ....................................................................................................................................................25

7.12.2 Benefits .................................................................................................................................................................................26

7.12.3 Limitations and cautions .......................................................................................................................................26

7.12.4 Examples of applications .......................................................................................................................................26

Bibliography .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................27

iv © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
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oSIST ISO/DIS 10017:2020
ISO/DIS 10017:2020(E)
Foreword

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards

bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out

through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical

committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International

organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.

ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of

electrotechnical standardization.

The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are

described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the

different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the

editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of

patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of

any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or

on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).

Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not

constitute an endorsement.

For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and

expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the

World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see www .iso .org/

iso/ foreword .html.

This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 176, Quality management and quality

assurance, Subcommittee SC 3, Supporting technologies.

This document cancels and replaces ISO/TR 10017. By decision of ISO/TC 176/SC 3 this work is now

revised as a full guidance standard and aligned with ISO 9001:2015.

This ISO standard may be updated to reflect future revisions of ISO 9001. Comments on the contents of

this standard may be sent to ISO Central Secretariat for consideration in a future revision. Any feedback

or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A complete

listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
© ISO 2020 – All rights reserved v
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oSIST ISO/DIS 10017:2020
ISO/DIS 10017:2020(E)
Introduction

Statistical techniques can be employed to benefit a wide spectrum of activities and sectors.

The value of statistical techniques follows from the variability that is inherent in the behaviour and

outcome of practically all processes and activities, even under conditions of apparent stability. Such

variability can be observed - over the total life cycle - in the quantifiable characteristics of processes

and the resulting products and services.

Statistical techniques can help to measure, describe, analyse, interpret and model variability (whether

dealing with a relatively limited amount of data or with large data sets). Statistical analysis of data can

provide a better understanding of the nature, extent and causes of variability. It can help to solve and

even prevent problems and mitigate risks that could stem from such variability.

The analysis of available data using statistical techniques can assist in decision making and thereby

help to improve the performance of processes and the resulting products and/or services, to provide

benefits in productivity and cost.

The criteria for determining the need for statistical techniques, and the appropriateness of the

technique(s) selected, remain the prerogative of the organization.

The purpose of this ISO standard is to assist an organization to identify statistical techniques against

the elements of a quality management system as defined by ISO 9001:2015, which may help to improve

processes and the resulting products and services.

This document may be also used to support other management systems and supporting standards

such as, for example, environmental management system, health/safety management system or other

management systems.
vi © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
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oSIST ISO/DIS 10017:2020
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 10017:2020(E)
Quality management — Guidance on statistical techniques
for ISO 9001:2015
1 Scope

This document provides guidance on the selection of appropriate statistical techniques that may be

useful to an organization, irrespective of size or complexity, in developing, implementing, maintaining

and improving a quality management system in compliance with ISO 9001:2015.

Note 1 This standard is not intended for contractual, regulatory or certification/registration purposes. It is

not intended to be used as a mandatory checklist for compliance with ISO 9001:2015 requirements.

Note 2 This standard does not provide guidance on how to use the statistical techniques.

2 Normative references

The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content

constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For

undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

ISO 3534-1, Statistics — Vocabulary and symbols — Part 1: Probability and general statistical terms

ISO 3534-2, Statistics — Vocabulary and symbols — Part 2: Statistical quality control

ISO 3534-3, Statistics — Vocabulary and symbols — Part 3: Design of experiments
ISO 3534-4, Statistics — Vocabulary and symbols — Part 4: Survey sampling
ISO 9000:2015, Quality management systems — Fundamentals and vocabulary
ISO 9001:2015, Quality management systems — Requirements
3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 3534, Parts 1, 2 ,3 and 4 and

in ISO 9000:2015, and the following apply.

ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:

— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
statistical technique

methodology for the analysis of quantitative data (ISO 9000:2015, 3.8.1) associated with variation in

products, processes, services and phenomena under study to provide information (ISO 9000:2015,

3.8.2) on the object of the study.

Note 1 to entry: Statistical techniques are equally applicable to qualitative (non-numeric) data if such data can be

converted to quantitative (numeric) data

Note 2 to entry: For the purposes of this document, the term “statistical techniques” are interchangeable with

“statistical methods”
© ISO 2020 – All rights reserved 1
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oSIST ISO/DIS 10017:2020
ISO/DIS 10017:2020(E)
4 Statistical techniques in the implementation of ISO 9001

The justification for using statistical techniques is that their application could help to improve the

effectiveness of the quality management system.

Statistical techniques, or families of techniques, that find useful and ready application in the

implementation of ISO 9001 are listed below (in alphabetical order)
— descriptive statistics;
— design of experiments;
— hypothesis testing;
— measurement system analysis;
— process capability analysis;
— regression analysis;
— reliability analysis;
— sampling;
— simulation;
— statistical process control;
— statistical tolerance;
— time series analysis.

Many of these techniques are used in conjunction with other techniques or as sub-sets of other

statistical techniques.

The list of statistical techniques cited in this standard is neither complete nor exhaustive and does not

preclude the use of any other techniques (statistical or otherwise) that are deemed to be beneficial to the

organization. Furthermore, this standard does not attempt to prescribe which statistical technique(s)

are to be used; nor does it attempt to advise on how the technique(s) are to be implemented.

5 Quantitative data and associated statistical techniques in ISO 9001

Quantitative data that may be reasonably encountered in activities associated with the clauses and

sub-clauses of ISO 9001:2015 is noted in Table 1. Listed against the quantitative data identified are

statistical techniques that could be of potential benefit to the organization when applied to such data.

Where no need for quantitative data could be readily associated with a clause or sub-clause of ISO 9001,

no statistical technique is identified.

The statistical techniques cited in this guidance standard are limited to those that are well known. A

brief description of each of these statistical techniques is given in Clause 7.

The organization can assess the relevance and value of each statistical technique listed in Table 1 and

determine whether it may be useful in the context of that clause.
Table 1 — Quantitative data and possible statistical technique(s)
Clause/sub-clause of Quantitative data involved Statistical technique(s)
ISO 9001:2015
1 Scope Not applicable
2 Normative references Not applicable
2 © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
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oSIST ISO/DIS 10017:2020
ISO/DIS 10017:2020(E)
Table 1 (continued)
Clause/sub-clause of Quantitative data involved Statistical technique(s)
ISO 9001:2015
3 Terms and definitions Not applicable
4. Context of the organiza- —
tion

4.1 Understanding the or- Data regarding internal and external Descriptive statistics

ganization and its context issues, for example:
Statistical process control
• Financial
Sampling
• Market research
Time series analysis
• Sales
• Product and service performance
• Competition / benchmarking

4.2 Understanding the Subjective and objective data regarding Descriptive statistics

needs and expectations of expectations of interested parties (e.g.
Sampling
Interested parties market research)
Time series analysis
4.3 Determining the None identified
scope of the quality man-
agement system
4.4 Quality management —
system and its processes
4.4.1 None identified
4.4.2 None identified
5. Leadership —
5.1 Leadership and com- —
mitment
5.1.1 General None Identified
5.1.2 Customer focus None identified
5.2 Policy —
5.2.1 Establishing the qual- None identified
ity policy

5.2.2 Communicating the Data to determine extent to which poli- Descriptive statistics

quality policy cy is understood
Sampling
5.3 Organizational roles, None identified
responsibilities and au-
thorities
6 Planning —
6.1 Actions to address —
risks and opportunities
6.1.1 Business data to assess risks Descriptive statistics
6.1.2 Business data to assess effectiveness Descriptive statistics
of actions
6.2 Quality objectives and —
planning to achieve them
6.2.1 None identified
6.2.2 None identified
6.3 Planning of changes None identified
7 Support —
7.1 Resources —
© ISO 2020 – All rights reserved 3
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oSIST ISO/DIS 10017:2020
ISO/DIS 10017:2020(E)
Table 1 (continued)
Clause/sub-clause of Quantitative data involved Statistical technique(s)
ISO 9001:2015
7.1.1 General Summary data on capability Descriptive statistics
7.1.2 People None identified

7.1.3 Infrastructure Quantitative data related to the per- Descriptive statistics

formance and reliability of equipment
Process capability analysis
(hardware and software) and trans-
portation Reliability analysis

7.1.4 Environment for the Data on the environment, for example: Descriptive statistics

operation of processes
• Contamination levels Measurement system analysis
• Antistatic controls Process capability analysis
• Temperatures (e.g. bacteria con- Sampling
trol)
Statistical process control
• Morale (e.g. absenteeism)
Time series analysis
7.1.5 Monitoring and meas- —
uring resources
7.1.5.1 General Data relating to measurement capability Descriptive statistics
Measurement system analysis
Statistical tolerance

7.1.5.2 Measurement Data relating to stability of measure- Descriptive statistics

traceability ment systems
Time series analysis
7.1.6 Organizational None identified
knowledge
7.2 Competence Quantitative data on training and ef- Descriptive statistics
fectiveness of training
7.3 Awareness None identified
7.4 Communication None identified
7.5 Documented Informa- —
tion
7.5.1 General None identified
7.5.2 Creating and updating None identified
7.5.3 Control of document- —
ed information
7.5.3.1 None identified
7.5.3.2 None identified
8 Operation —
8.1 Operational planning No specific data identified
and control
8.2 Requirements for prod- —
ucts and services
8.2.1 Customer communi- None identified
cations
4 © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
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oSIST ISO/DIS 10017:2020
ISO/DIS 10017:2020(E)
Table 1 (continued)
Clause/sub-clause of Quantitative data involved Statistical technique(s)
ISO 9001:2015
8.2.2 Determining the Data to demonstrate capability and Descriptive statistics
requirements for products organizational performance
Hypothesis testing
and services
Measurement system analysis
Process capability analysis
Regression analysis
Reliability analysis
Sampling
Statis
...

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