SIST-TS CEN/TS 15864:2016
(Main)Characterization of waste - Leaching behaviour test for basic characterization - Dynamic monolithic leaching test with continuous leachant renewal under conditions relevant for specified scenario(s)
Characterization of waste - Leaching behaviour test for basic characterization - Dynamic monolithic leaching test with continuous leachant renewal under conditions relevant for specified scenario(s)
This Technical Specification is applicable for determining the leaching behaviour of monolithic wastes under dynamic conditions. The test is performed under experimental conditions relevant to assess the leaching behaviour in view of the considered scenario(s). This test is aimed at determining the release as a function of time of inorganic constituents from a monolithic waste, when it is put into contact with an aqueous solution (leachant).
In general, the composition, the temperature and the continuous renewal rate of the leachant are chosen such that the leaching behaviour of the waste material can be studied in view of the considered disposal or recovery scenario. When the release needs to be determined without any reference to a specific scenario, the leachant is demineralized water, the temperature and the continuous renewal rate are fixed.
This dynamic monolithic leaching test (DMLT) is a parameter specific test as specified in EN 12920 and is therefore not aimed at simulating real situations. The application of this test method alone is not sufficient for the determination of the detailed leaching behaviour of a monolithic waste under specified conditions.
In the framework of EN 12920 and in combination with additional chemical information, the test results are used to identify the leaching mechanisms and their relative importance. The intrinsic properties can be used to predict the release of constituents at a given time frame, in order to assess the leaching behaviour of monolithic waste materials, placed in different situations or scenarios (including disposal and recycling scenarios).
The test method applies to regularly shaped test portions of monolithic wastes with minimum dimensions of 40 mm in all directions that are assumed to maintain their integrity over a time frame relevant for the considered scenario. The test method applies to test portions for which the geometric surface area can be determined with the help of simple geometric equations. The test method applies to low permeable monolithic materials.
NOTE 1 If, in order to comply with the requirements of regular shape, the test portion is prepared by cutting or coring, then new surfaces are exposed which can lead to change(s) in leaching properties. On the other hand if the test portion is prepared by moulding, the surface will be dependent to the type of mould and the conditions of storage. If the intention is to evaluate the behaviour of the material core, the specimen needs to be stored without any contact with air to avoid carbonation.
NOTE 2 For monolithic waste materials with a saturated hydraulic conductivity higher than 10−8 m⋅s−1, water is likely to percolate through the monolith rather than flow around it. In such cases, relating the release to the geometric surface can lead to misinterpretation. A percolation test is then more appropriate (e.g. CEN/TS 14405).
This procedure may not be applicable to materials reacting with the leachant, leading for example to excessive gas emission or an excessive heat release.
This document has been developed to determine the release of mainly inorganic constituents from wastes. It does not take into account the particular characteristics of organic constituents nor the consequences of microbiological processes in organic degradable wastes.
Charakterisierung von Abfällen - Untersuchung des Elutionsverhaltens für die grundlegende Charakterisierung - Dynamisches Elutionsverfahren für monolithische Abfälle mit kontinuierlicher Erneuerung des Elutionsmittels unter Bedingungen für festgelegte Szenarien
Diese Technische Spezifikation ist für die Bestimmung des Elutionsverhaltens von monolithischen Abfällen unter dynamischen Bedingungen anwendbar. Diese Untersuchung wird unter experimentellen Bedingungen durchgeführt, um das Elutionsverhalten in Hinblick auf das (die) zu betrachtende(n) Szenario/Szenarien zu bewerten. Diese Untersuchung ist auf die Bestimmung der Freisetzung von anorganischen Bestandteilen aus monolithischem Abfall in Bezug auf die Zeit gerichtet, zu der er in Kontakt mit einer wässrigen Lösung (Elutionsmittel) kommt.
Im Allgemeinen werden die Zusammensetzung, die Temperatur und die kontinuierliche Erneuerungsrate des Elutionsmittels so gewählt, um das Elutionsverhalten des Abfallmaterials in Hinblick auf die zu betrachtenden Szenarien der Deponierung oder Wiederverwertung zu studieren. Falls die Freisetzung ohne jeglichen Bezug auf ein besonderes Szenario bestimmt werden soll, ist demineralisiertes Wasser das Elutionsmittel, die Temperatur und die kontinuierliche Erneuerungsrate werden festgelegt.
Dieses dynamische Elutionsverfahren für monolithische Abfälle (DMLT, en. Dynamic monolithic leaching test) ist ein Parameter einer in EN 12920 festgelegten besonderen Untersuchung und gilt deshalb nicht für die Simulation tatsächlicher Situationen. Die Anwendung dieses Untersuchungsverfahrens ist allein nicht ausreichend für die Bestimmung des ausführlichen Elutionsverhaltens von monolithischen Abfällen unter festgelegten Bedingungen.
Im Rahmen der EN 12920 und in Kombination mit zusätzlichen chemischen Angaben werden die Untersuchungsergebnisse zur Identifizierung der Elutionsmechanismen und ihres Stellenwertes angewendet. Die eigentlichen Eigenschaften können zur Vorhersage der Freisetzung der Bestandteile in einem festgelegten Zeitrahmen angewendet werden, um das Elutionsverhalten von monolithischen Abfallmaterialien zu bewerten, die unterschiedlichen Situationen oder Szenarien (einschließlich Szenarien der Entsorgung und der Wiederverwertung) ausgesetzt wurden.
Das Untersuchungsverfahren ist bei regelmäßig geformten Prüfmengen von monolithischen Abfällen mit Mindestmaßen von 40 mm in alle Richtungen anwendbar, bei denen vorausgesetzt wird, dass sie ihre Unversehrtheit über einen für die Beobachtung des Szenarios relevanten Zeitrahmen behalten. Das Untersuchungsverfahren ist für Prüfmengen geeignet, bei denen die geometrische Oberfläche mittels einfacher geometrischer Gleichungen bestimmt werden kann. Das Untersuchungsverfahren ist für weniger durchlässige monolithische Materialien geeignet.
ANMERKUNG 1 Wenn die Prüfmenge durch Schneiden oder Bohren vorbereitet wurde, um die Anforderung nach einer regelmäßigen Form zu erfüllen, dann werden neue Oberflächen freigelegt, was zu einer Änderung/zu Änderungen der Elutionseigenschaften führen könnte. Andererseits, wenn die Prüfmenge durch Pressen vorbereitet wird, wird die Oberfläche von der Art des Pressens und den Lagerungsbedingungen abhängen. Bei beabsichtigter Bewertung des Verhaltens des Materialkerns muss der Prüfkörper ohne jeden Kontakt mit Luft aufbewahrt werden, um eine Karbonisierung zu vermeiden.
ANMERKUNG 2 Bei monolithischen Abfallmaterialien mit einer gesättigten hydraulischen Leitfähigkeit von mehr als 10-8 m s-1 wird Wasser wahrscheinlich durch den Monolithen durchsickern anstatt um ihn herum zu fließen. In solchen Fällen kann es in Bezug auf die Freisetzung von der geometrischen Oberfläche zu Fehlinterpretationen führen. Eine Perkolationsprüfung ist dann besser geeignet (z. B. CEN/TS 14405).
Dieses Verfahren darf nicht bei Materialien angewendet werden, die mit dem Elutionsmittel reagieren, was z. B. zu einer übermäßigen Gasemission oder einer unverhältnismäßigen Wärmefreisetzung führt.
Dieses Dokument wurde entwickelt, um vor allem die Freisetzung anorganischer Bestandteile aus Abfällen zu bestimmen. (...)
Caractérisation des déchets - Essais de comportement à la lixiviation pour la caractérisation de base - Essai de lixiviation dynamique des monolithes avec renouvellement continu du lixiviant dans des conditions pertinentes pour des scénarios spécifiés
La présente Spécification technique s’applique à la détermination du comportement à la lixiviation des déchets monolithiques dans des conditions dynamiques. L’essai est réalisé dans des conditions expérimentales pertinentes pour l’évaluation du comportement à la lixiviation au vu des scénarios considérés. L’essai a pour objectif de déterminer le relargage en fonction du temps des constituants inorganiques de déchets monolithiques, lorsqu’ils entrent en contact avec une solution aqueuse (lixiviant).
En général, la composition, la température et le taux de renouvellement continu du lixiviant sont choisis de telle façon que le comportement à la lixiviation des déchets peut être étudié au vu du scénario d’élimination ou de recyclage considéré Lorsque le relargage doit être déterminé sans aucune référence à un scénario spécifique, le lixiviant est de l’eau déminéralisée et la température et le taux de renouvellement continu sont fixes.
Le présent essai de lixiviation dynamique des monolithes (DMLT) est un essai paramétrique spécifique tel que spécifié dans l’EN 12920 et n’a donc pas pour objectif de simuler des situations réelles. L’application de la présente méthode d’essai seule ne suffit pas à déterminer le comportement détaillé à la lixiviation d’un déchet monolithique dans des conditions spécifiées.
Dans le cadre de l’EN 12920, et en association avec des informations chimiques supplémentaires, les résultats d’essai sont également utilisés pour identifier les mécanismes de lixiviation et leur importance relative. Ces propriétés intrinsèques peuvent être utilisées pour prévoir le relargage des constituants sur une période donnée, afin d’évaluer le comportement à la lixiviation des déchets monolithiques dans différentes situations ou scénarios (y compris les scénarios d’élimination et de recyclage).
La méthode d’essai s’applique à des prises d’essai de déchets monolithiques aux formes régulières, ayant des dimensions minimales de 40 mm dans toutes les directions, supposées conserver leur intégrité pendant la période appropriée pour le scénario considéré La méthode d’essai s’applique aux prises d’essai pour lesquelles la surface géométrique peut être déterminée à l’aide de formules géométriques simples. La méthode d’essai s’applique aux matériaux monolithiques à faible perméabilité.
NOTE 1 Si, pour se conformer aux exigences de régularité de forme, la prise d'essai est préparée par coupe ou carottage, alors de nouvelles surfaces sont exposées, ce qui peut entraîner une ou plusieurs modifications des propriétés de lixiviation. D’autre part, si la prise d’essai est préparée par moulage, la surface dépend du type de moule et des conditions de stockage. Si l’objectif est d'évaluer le comportement du coeur du matériau, l'éprouvette doit être stockée à l’abri total de l'air afin d'éviter la carbonatation.
NOTE 2 Pour les déchets monolithiques ayant une conductivité hydraulique à saturation supérieure à 10-8 m⋅s-1, l'eau est susceptible de percoler à travers le monolithe plutôt que de circuler autour. Dans une telle situation, établir une relation entre le relargage et la surface géométrique peut être source de mauvaise interprétation. Un essai de percolation est alors plus approprié (par exemple, CEN/TS 14405).
Il est possible que ce mode opératoire ne soit pas applicable aux matériaux réagissant avec le lixiviant, entraînant par exemple une émission de gaz excessive ou un dégagement calorifique excessif.
Le présent document a été développé afin de déterminer le relargage des constituants principalement inorganiques issus des déchets. Il ne prend pas en compte les caractéristiques particulières des constituants organiques, ni les conséquences des processus microbiologiques dans les déchets organiques dégradables.
Karakterizacija odpadkov - Izluževalni preskus za osnovno karakterizacijo - Dinamični izluževalni preskus pri pogojih, primernih za določen načrt izluževanja monolitnih odpadkov s stalnim obnavljanjem izluževalnega medija
Ta tehnična specifikacija se uporablja za določanje izluževanja monolitnih odpadkov pri dinamičnih pogojih. Ta preskus se izvaja pod preskusnimi pogoji, ki so ustrezni za oceno izluževanja pri določenih načrtih. S tem preskusom se ugotavlja izpust kot funkcija časa neorganskih sestavin iz monolitnih odpadkov, ko pridejo v stik z vodno raztopino (izluževalnim medijem).
Na splošno se izberejo sestavine, temperatura in neprekinjena hitrost obnavljanja izluževalnega medija, pri katerih se lahko preuči izluževanje odpadnih snovi glede na predviden načrt odstranitve ali ponovne uporabe. Ko se izpust določa brez navedbe posebnega načrta, je izluževalni medij demineralizirana voda, temperatura in neprekinjena hitrost obnavljanja pa sta stalni.
Ta dinamični izluževalni preskus za monolitne odpadke (DMLT) je preskus z določenimi parametri, ki so navedeni v standardu EN 12920, zato ne simulira dejanskih pogojev. Uporaba samo te preskusne metode ne zadostuje za določanje podrobnega izluževanja monolitnih odpadkov pod določenimi pogoji.
V okviru standarda EN 12920 in v kombinaciji z dodatnimi kemijskimi podatki se rezultati preskusa uporabljajo za identifikacijo izluževalnih mehanizmov in njihove relativne pomembnosti. Bistvene lastnosti je mogoče uporabiti za napoved izpusta sestavin v danem časovnem okviru, da se oceni izluževanje monolitnih odpadnih materialov v različnih okoliščinah ali načrtih (vključno z recikliranjem in odstranitvijo).
Ta preskusna metoda se uporablja za preskusne vzorce monolitnih odpadkov pravilne oblike z najmanjšimi merami 40 mm v vse smeri, za katere se predvideva, da v časovnem okviru, ustreznem za zadevni načrt, ohranijo svojo neoporečnost. Ta preskusna metoda se uporablja za preskusne vzorce, pri katerih je mogoče geometrijsko površino določiti s preprostimi geometrijskimi enačbami. Ta preskusna metoda se uporablja za slabo prepustne monolitne materiale.
OPOMBA 1 Če se preskusni vzorec zaradi izpolnjevanja zahteve po pravilni obliki pripravi z rezanjem ali vrtanjem, se izpostavijo nove površine, pri čemer se lahko lastnosti izluževanja spremenijo. Če se preskusni vzorec pripravi z oblikovanjem, je površina odvisna od vrste kalupa in pogojev shranjevanja. Če je namen merjenja ocena obnašanja jedra snovi, mora biti primerek shranjen tako, da ne pride v stik z zrakom, pri čemer se prepreči karbonatizacija.
OPOMBA 2 Pri monolitnih odpadkih z nasičeno hidravlično prevodnostjo, ki je višja od 10−8 m⋅s−1, se lahko voda skozi monolit precedi, namesto da se pretaka okoli njega. V takih primerih lahko zaradi izpusta na geometrijsko površino pride do napačne interpretacije. Takrat je bolj primeren preskus precejanja (npr. CEN/TS 14405).
Ta postopek se ne sme uporabljati za materiale, ki reagirajo z izluževalnim medijem, ker lahko nastanejo prekomerni izpusti plina ali prekomerno sproščanje toplote.
Ta dokument je bil pripravljen za ugotavljanje izpusta pretežno neorganskih sestavin iz odpadkov. Ne upošteva posebnih značilnosti organskih sestavin in posledic mikrobioloških procesov v organskih razgradljivih odpadkih.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST-TS CEN/TS 15864:2016
01-februar-2016
1DGRPHãþD
SIST-TS CEN/TS 15864:2013
.DUDNWHUL]DFLMDRGSDGNRY,]OXåHYDOQLSUHVNXV]DRVQRYQRNDUDNWHUL]DFLMR
'LQDPLþQLL]OXåHYDOQLSUHVNXVSULSRJRMLKSULPHUQLK]DGRORþHQQDþUWL]OXåHYDQMD
PRQROLWQLKRGSDGNRYVVWDOQLPREQDYOMDQMHPL]OXåHYDOQHJDPHGLMD
Characterization of waste - Leaching behaviour test for basic characterization - Dynamic
monolithic leaching test with continuous leachant renewal under conditions relevant for
specified scenario(s)
Charakterisierung von Abfällen - Untersuchung des Elutionsverhaltens für die
grundlegende Charakterisierung - Dynamisches Elutionsverfahren für monolithische
Abfälle mit kontinuierlicher Erneuerung des Elutionsmittels unter Bedingungen für
festgelegte Szenarien
Caractérisation des déchets - Essais de comportement à la lixiviation pour la
caractérisation de base - Essai de lixiviation dynamique des monolithes avec
renouvellement continu du lixiviant dans des conditions pertinentes pour des scénarios
spécifiés
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN/TS 15864:2015
ICS:
13.030.10 Trdni odpadki Solid wastes
SIST-TS CEN/TS 15864:2016 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST-TS CEN/TS 15864:2016
CEN/TS 15864
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
SPÉCIFICATION TECHNIQUE
November 2015
TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION
ICS 13.030.10 Supersedes CEN/TS 15864:2012
English Version
Characterization of waste - Leaching behaviour test for
basic characterization - Dynamic monolithic leaching test
with continuous leachant renewal under conditions
relevant for specified scenario(s)
Caractérisation des déchets - Essais de comportement Charakterisierung von Abfällen - Untersuchung des
à la lixiviation pour la caractérisation de base - Essai de Elutionsverhaltens für die grundlegende
lixiviation dynamique des monolithes avec Charakterisierung - Dynamisches Elutionsverfahren
renouvellement continu du lixiviant dans des für monolithische Abfälle mit kontinuierlicher
conditions pertinentes pour des scénarios spécifiés Erneuerung des Elutionsmittels unter Bedingungen für
festgelegte Szenarien
This Technical Specification (CEN/TS) was approved by CEN on 19 October 2015 for provisional application.
The period of validity of this CEN/TS is limited initially to three years. After two years the members of CEN will be requested to
submit their comments, particularly on the question whether the CEN/TS can be converted into a European Standard.
CEN members are required to announce the existence of this CEN/TS in the same way as for an EN and to make the CEN/TS
available promptly at national level in an appropriate form. It is permissible to keep conflicting national standards in force (in
parallel to the CEN/TS) until the final decision about the possible conversion of the CEN/TS into an EN is reached.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2015 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN/TS 15864:2015 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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Contents Page
European foreword . 4
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 7
2 Normative references . 7
3 Terms and definitions . 8
4 Principle . 11
5 Reagents . 12
6 Equipment . 12
6.1 General . 12
6.2 Laboratory equipment . 12
7 Sample preparation . 13
7.1 General . 13
7.2 Preparation of the test portion . 14
7.3 Determination of the geometric surface area . 14
8 Procedure. 14
8.1 Testing conditions . 14
8.1.1 General case (intermediate range of renewal rate) . 14
8.1.2 Particular case “critical renewal rate” . 16
8.1.3 Particular case “low renewal rate” . 16
8.1.4 Particular case under fixed conditions when no specific scenario is under
consideration (“not scenario-related”) . 16
8.2 Test procedure . 17
8.3 Contact periods – collection scheme . 18
8.4 Weight loss of the monolithic waste during the test . 18
8.5 Further preparation of the eluates for analysis . 18
8.6 Blank test . 19
9 Calculations . 19
9.1 Expression of results . 19
9.1.1 General . 19
9.1.2 Expression of results in concentrations. 19
9.1.3 Expression of result in terms of surface related release . 20
9.2 Average surface-related release rate . 20
10 Performance characteristics . 21
11 Documentation and test report. 21
11.1 General . 21
11.2 General data . 21
11.3 Leaching test conditions . 21
11.4 Analytical report . 22
11.5 Results of the leaching test . 22
Annex A (informative) Identification of release mechanisms and use of test results . 23
A.1 Introduction . 23
A.2 Examples of factors influencing the leaching of monolithic waste . 23
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A.3 Long term release prediction . 26
Annex B (normative) Particular case “renewal rate without retro-action” . 27
B.1 Introduction. 27
B.2 Determination of the critical surface-related flow rate . 27
Annex C (informative) Examples of scheme of installation . 29
Annex D (normative) Particular case “low renewal rate” . 31
D.1 Introduction. 31
D.2 Procedure . 31
Annex E (informative) Process map for CEN/TS 15864 . 33
Bibliography . 35
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European foreword
This document (CEN/TS 15864:2015) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 292
“Characterization of waste”, the secretariat of which is held by NEN.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes CEN/TS 15864:2012.
The following significant technical change has been implemented in this new edition of the text:
— the steps/fractions for eluates collection have been harmonized with EN 15863.
This document has been developed primarily to support the requirements for leaching behaviour
testing within EU and EFTA countries.
This document was elaborated on the basis of:
— AFNOR XP X30-450:2002;
— AFNOR XP X30-467:2002;
— AFNOR XP X30-469:2007.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to announce this Technical Specification: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.
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Introduction
This document specifies a dynamic leaching test for monolithic waste materials, to determine key
parameters to address the leaching behaviour of monolithic waste materials.
For the complete characterization of the leaching behaviour of waste under specified conditions the
application of other test methods is required (see EN 12920).
Anyone dealing with waste and sludge analysis should be aware of the typical risks of that kind of
material irrespective of the parameter to be determined. Waste and sludge samples can contain
hazardous (e.g. toxic, reactive, flammable, infectious) substances, which can be liable to biological
and/or chemical reaction.
Consequently these samples should be handled with special care. Gases which can be produced by
microbiological or chemical activity are potentially flammable and will pressurize sealed bottles.
Bursting bottles are likely to result in hazardous shrapnel, dust and/or aerosol. National regulations
should be followed with respect to all hazards associated with this method.
In the different European countries, tests have been developed to characterize and assess the
constituents which can be leached from waste materials. The release of soluble constituents upon
contact with water is regarded as one of the main mechanism of release which results in a potential risk
to the environment during life-cycle of waste materials (disposal or re-use scenario). The intent of these
tests is to identify the leaching properties of waste materials. The complexity of the leaching process
makes simplifications necessary. Not all of the relevant aspects of leaching behaviour can be addressed
in one single standard.
Procedures to characterize the behaviour of waste materials can generally be divided into three steps,
using different tests in relation to the objective. The following test hierarchy is taken from the Landfill
1) 2)
Directive and the Decision on Annex II of this Directive for disposal of waste.
a) Basic characterization constitutes a full characterization of the waste by gathering all the necessary
information for a safe management of the waste in the short and long term. Basic characterization
may provide information on the waste (type and origin, composition, consistency, leachability, etc.),
information for understanding the behaviour of waste in the considered management scenario,
comparison of waste properties against limit values, and detection of key variables (critical
parameters as liquid/solid (L/S) ratios, leachant composition, factors controlling leachability such
as pH, redox potential, complexing capacity and physical parameters) for compliance testing and
options for simplification of compliance testing. Characterization may deliver ratios between test
results from basic characterization and results from simplified test procedures as well as
information on a suitable frequency for compliance testing. In addition to the leaching behaviour,
the composition of the waste should be known or determined by testing. The tests used for basic
characterization should always include those to be used for compliance testing.
b) Compliance testing is used to demonstrate that the sample of today fits the population of samples
tested before by basic characterization and through that, is used to carry out compliance with
regulatory limit values. The compliance test should therefore always be part of the basic
characterization program. The compliance test focuses on key variables and leaching behaviour
identified by basic characterization tests. Parts of basic characterization tests can also be used for
compliance purposes.
1) Council Directive 1999/31/EC of 26 April 1999 on the landfill of waste.
2) Council Decision 2003/33/EC of 19 December 2002.
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c) On-site verification tests are used as a rapid check to confirm that the waste is the same as that
which has been subjected to characterization or compliance tests. On-site verification tests are not
necessarily leaching tests.
The test procedure described in this document is a basic characterization test and falls in category a).
According to EN 12920 the evaluation of the release of constituents from waste materials in a certain
scenario involves the performance of various tests. This document describes one of the parametric test
that can be used for such purposes, especially for monolithic waste.
The test procedure allows the determination of the release under dynamic conditions of constituents
from a monolithic waste material, as a function of time. This release is calculated from the
concentrations of the constituents measured in the solution (eluate) that is collected in a certain
number of separate fractions.
The composition, the temperature and the renewal rate of this solution are chosen for the test in order
to study the behaviour of the waste material under fixed conditions when no specific scenario is under
consideration or according to the conditions defined by the disposal or utilization scenario under
consideration.
Three main ranges of renewal rates can be distinguished and addressed by this document:
— high renewal rate above a so-called “critical renewal rate” for which the released elements do not
influence the release (so-called “no retro-action situation”);
— “low renewal rate” which corresponds to a quasi “saturation” of the solution in the reactor in order
to reach stationary conditions (i.e. close to “saturation” equilibrium);
— intermediate range for which the released elements influence the release, but the concentrations
remain significantly below saturation.
Results of this test, combined with those from other tests (e.g. EN 14429) and the use of more or less
sophisticated models, allow the identification of the main leaching mechanisms that can be
distinguished, such as diffusion, dissolution of constituents, initial surface wash-off, dissolution of the
matrix (see Annex A). These intrinsic properties can be used to predict the release of constituents at a
given time frame, in order to assess the leaching behaviour of monolithic waste materials in practical
situations or scenarios as defined in EN 12920.
NOTE At low L/A conditions, pore water conditions in monolithic specimens can be approached.
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CEN/TS 15864:2015 (E)
1 Scope
This Technical Specification is applicable for determining the leaching behaviour of monolithic wastes
under dynamic conditions. The test is performed under experimental conditions relevant to assess the
leaching behaviour in view of the considered scenario(s). This test is aimed at determining the release
as a function of time of inorganic constituents from a monolithic waste, when it is put into contact with
an aqueous solution (leachant).
In general, the composition, the temperature and the continuous renewal rate of the leachant are
chosen such that the leaching behaviour of the waste material can be studied in view of the considered
disposal or recovery scenario. When the release needs to be determined without any reference to a
specific scenario, the leachant is demineralized water, the temperature and the continuous renewal rate
are fixed.
This dynamic monolithic leaching test (DMLT) is a parameter specific test as specified in EN 12920 and
is therefore not aimed at simulating real situations. The application of this test method alone is not
sufficient for the determination of the detailed leaching behaviour of a monolithic waste under specified
conditions.
In the framework of EN 12920 and in combination with additional chemical information, the test results
are used to identify the leaching mechanisms and their relative importance. The intrinsic properties can
be used to predict the release of constituents at a given time frame, in order to assess the leaching
behaviour of monolithic waste materials, placed in different situations or scenarios (including disposal
and recycling scenarios).
The test method applies to regularly shaped test portions of monolithic wastes with minimum
dimensions of 40 mm in all directions that are assumed to maintain their integrity over a time frame
relevant for the considered scenario. The test method applies to test portions for which the geometric
surface area can be determined with the help of simple geometric equations. The test method applies to
low permeable monolithic materials.
NOTE 1 If, in order to comply with the requirements of regular shape, the test portion is prepared by cutting or
coring, then new surfaces are exposed which can lead to change(s) in leaching properties. On the other hand if the
test portion is prepared by moulding, the surface will be dependent to the type of mould and the conditions of
storage. If the intention is to evaluate the behaviour of the material core, the specimen needs to be stored without
any contact with air to avoid carbonation.
−8 −1
NOTE 2 For monolithic waste materials with a saturated hydraulic conductivity higher than 10 m⋅s , water is
likely to percolate through the monolith rather than flow around it. In such cases, relating the release to the
geometric surface can lead to misinterpretation. A percolation test is then more appropriate (e.g. CEN/TS 14405).
This procedure may not be applicable to materials reacting with the leachant, leading for example to
excessive gas emission or an excessive heat release.
This document has been developed to determine the release of mainly inorganic constituents from
wastes. It does not take into account the particular characteristics of organic constituents nor the
consequences of microbiological processes in organic degradable wastes.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 14346, Characterization of waste - Calculation of dry matter by determination of dry residue or water
content
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EN 15002, Characterization of waste - Preparation of test portions from the laboratory sample
EN 16192, Characterization of waste - Analysis of eluates
EN ISO 3696, Water for analytical laboratory use - Specification and test methods (ISO 3696)
EN ISO 5667-3, Water quality - Sampling - Part 3: Preservation and handling of water samples (ISO 5667-
3)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
critical surface-related flow rate
C
SF
R
minimum surface-related flow rate above which the no-retro action situation is fulfilled for a given
temperature and composition of the leachant
−2 −1 −1
Note 1 to entry: The critical surface-related flow rate is expressed in ml⋅cm ⋅h or cm⋅h .
3.2
eluate
solution obtained by a leaching test
3.3
flow rate
F
R
quantity of leachant passing through the reactor containing the sample holder and the test portion per
time unit
−1
Note 1 to entry: The flow rate is expressed in ml⋅h .
3.4
laboratory sample
sample or sub-sample(s) sent to or received by the laboratory
[SOURCE: IUPAC:1990]
Note 1 to entry: When the laboratory sample is further prepared (reduced) by subdividing, cutting, sawing,
coring, or by combinations of these operations, the result is the test sample. When no preparation of the laboratory
sample is required, the laboratory sample is the test sample. A test portion is removed from the test sample for the
performance of the test or for analysis. The laboratory sample is the final sample from the point of view of
sampling but it is the initial sample from the point of view of the laboratory.
Note 2 to entry: Several laboratory samples may be prepared and sent to different laboratories or to the same
laboratory for different purposes. When it is sent to the same laboratory, the set is generally considered as a single
laboratory sample and is documented as a single sample.
3.5
leachant
liquid that is brought into contact with the test portion in the leaching procedure
Note 1 to entry: For the purpose of this document the leachant is water as specified in 5.1.
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3.6
leachant renewal
continuous addition of leachant that flows through the tank
3.7
leaching behaviour of a waste
release and change with time in release from the waste upon contact with a leachant under the
conditions specified in the scenario, especially within the specified time frame
[SOURCE: EN 12920:2006+A1:2008, 2.3, modified — The original NOTE to the definition was not
reproduced.]
3.8
liquid volume to surface area ratio
L/A
ratio between the amount of liquid (L) in the reactor which, at any time of the test, is in contact with the
monolith, and the surface area of the test portion (A)
−2
Note 1 to entry: L/A is expressed in ml·cm .
Note 2 to entry: L/A has a constant value all along the test.
3.9
monolithic waste
waste which has certain minimum dimensions and physical and mechanical properties that ensure its
integrity over a certain period of time in the considered scenario
[SOURCE: EN 12457-1:2002, 3.9]
3.10
no retro-action situation
situation in which the release of constituents into the leachant does not depends on the constituents
already released from the test portion
3.11
release
emission of constituents from a waste, which pass through the external surface of the waste mass, as
specified in the considered scenario
[SOURCE: EN 12920:2006+A1:2008, 2.2]
3.12
release mechanism
physico-chemical processes that control the release of constituents from a solid into solution (leaching)
Note 1 to entry: In the case of monolithic materials, examples of these processes are diffusion, dissolution of
constituents, initial surface wash-off, dissolution of the matrix.
3.13
renewal rate
ratio of the flow rate to the volume V of the solution in the reactor containing the sample holder and test
portion
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−1
Note 1 to entry: The renewal rate is the number of renewal per day and is expressed in h . The renewal rate is
equivalent to a residence time.
3.14
sample
portion of material representative of a larger quantity of material
3.15
surface-related flow rate
SF
R
ratio of the flow rate F to the surface area of the test portion
R
−2 −1 −1
Note 1 to entry: The surface-related flow rate is expressed in ml⋅cm ⋅h or cm⋅h .
3.16
surface-related release rate
mass of material that is transferred into the leachant per surface area unit and per time unit
Note 1 to entry: This rate is calculated from the concentrations of the main constituents measured in the eluate.
It can vary as a function of time.
−2 −1
Note 2 to entry: The release rate is expressed in mg⋅cm ⋅h .
3.17
test portion
amount or volume of the test sample taken for analysis, usually of known weight or volume
[SOURCE: IUPAC:1990, 3.17]
3.18
test portion of monolithic waste of regular shape
test portion of monolithic waste for which the surface area of the test portion can be calculated on the
basis of simple geometric equations
3.19
test sample
sample, prepared from the laboratory sample, from which test portions are removed for testing or for
analysis
[SOURCE: IUPAC:1990]
3.20
waste monolith
waste delivered as bulky forms of specified minimum dimensions retaining its form in the landfill over a
specified timeframe
Note 1 to entry: A waste monolith disposed among regular waste will not generally be required to be tested, as
its contribution to landfill leachate quality is marginal.
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4 Principl
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