SIST EN 15496:2008
(Main)Cycles - Requirements and test methods for cycle locks
Cycles - Requirements and test methods for cycle locks
This European Standard specifies performance requirements and describes test methods for strength, security, function and corrosion resistance of locks for cycles. It also covers certain aspects regarding the safety of the rider of the cycle on which the lock is mounted. This standard covers permanently-mounted cycle locks and removable locks.
Fahrräder - Anforderungen und Prüfverfahren für Fahrradschlösser
Diese Europäische Norm legt Anforderungen an die Leistungsfähigkeit fest und beschreibt die Prüfverfahren
hinsichtlich der Festigkeit, Sicherheit, Funktion und Korrosionsbeständigkeit von Fahrradschlössern. Sie
behandelt auch bestimmte Aspekte im Hinblick auf die Sicherheit des Fahrers, an dessen Fahrrad das
Schloss angebracht ist. Diese Norm behandelt dauerhaft befestigte und abnehmbare Fahrradschlösser.
Cycles - Exigences et méthodes d'essai pour les antivols pour cycles
La présente Norme européenne prescrit les exigences de performance et décrit les méthodes requises pour les essais de résistance, de sécurité, de fonctionnalité et de résistance à la corrosion appliqués aux antivols destinés aux cycles. La présente norme concerne les antivols installés définitivement et les antivols amovibles.
Kolesa - Zahteve in preskusne metode za ključavnice
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Cycles - Requirements and test methods for cycle locksCycles - Exigences et méthodes d'essai pour les antivols pour cyclesFahrräder - Anforderungen und Prüfverfahren für FahrradschlösserTa slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 15496:2008SIST EN 15496:2008en,fr,de43.150ICS:SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 15496:200801-april-2008
EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 15496January 2008ICS 43.150 English VersionCycles - Requirements and test methods for cycle locksCycles - Exigences et méthodes d'essai pour les antivolspour cyclesFahrräder - Anforderungen und Prüfverfahren fürFahrradschlösserThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 24 November 2007.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2008 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 15496:2008: E
EN 15496:2008 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword.4 Introduction.5 1 Scope.6 2 Normative references.6 3 Terms and definitions.6 4 General requirements.9 5 Test procedures and test conditions.11 5.1 Number of tests.11 5.2 Test conditions.11 5.2.1 Ambient temperature.11 5.2.2 Tolerances.11 5.2.3 Examination prior to tests.11 6 Specific requirements and test methods.11 6.1 Maximum operational unlocking torque.11 6.1.1 Requirement.11 6.1.2 Test method.11 6.2 Non-interpassing of keys with just one interval effective differ.11 6.2.1 Requirement.11 6.2.2 Test method.11 6.3 Key strength.12 6.3.1 Requirement.12 6.3.2 Test method.12 6.4 Durability.12 6.4.1 Requirement.12 6.4.2 Test method.12 6.5 Strength.12 6.5.1 General.12 6.5.2 Requirement.12 6.5.3 Tensile strength – Test method.12 6.5.4 Torsional strength – Test methods.15 6.5.5 Cutting resistance – Test method.17 6.5.6 Impact resistance of lock-housings in the direction of opening.18 6.5.7 Impact resistance of shackle-bolts or chain-links of locks – Test methods.19 6.5.8 Resistance to pulling or pushing of locking mechanism – Test methods.20 6.6 Drill resistance of locking mechanism.21 6.6.1 Requirement.21 6.6.2 Specification of test equipment.21 6.6.3 Test-method.21 6.7 Resistance to attacks with hand tools.22 6.7.1 Requirement.22 6.7.2 Mounting.22 6.7.3 Test method.23 6.8 Picking.25 6.8.1 General.25 6.8.2 Requirement.26 6.8.3 Test specimens.26 6.8.4 Test equipment.26 6.8.5 Test procedure.26 6.8.6 Evaluation of test results.27 6.8.7 Additional testing.27
EN 15496:2008 (E) 3 6.9 Corrosion resistance.27 6.9.1 Requirement.27 6.9.2 Test method.27 7 Marking.28 7.1 Requirement.28 7.1.1 Cycle lock.28 7.1.2 Keys.28 7.2 Durability test.28 7.2.1 Requirement.28 7.2.2 Test method.28 8 Test report.28 Annex A (informative)
Calculation of m*.29 Annex B (normative)
Dimensions of test stand.31 Annex C (informative)
Photographs of tools specified in Table 2 and Table 3.32 Annex D (informative)
Photographs of picking tools.35
EN 15496:2008 (E) 4 Foreword This document (EN 15496:2008) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 333 “Cycles”, the secretariat of which is held by UNI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by July 2008, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by July 2008. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
EN 15496:2008 (E) 5
Introduction This European Standard has been developed in response to demand throughout Europe aimed to ensure that locking systems manufactured in compliance with this standard will offer unattended bicycles a high, practical level of security. The tests have been designed and evaluated in practical tests by experts in the lock industry and consideration has been given to the latest techniques employed by professional cycle-thieves whose methods are constantly changing. The scope has been limited to security and durability requirements and, to some extent, the safety of the rider.
EN 15496:2008 (E) 6 1 Scope This European Standard specifies performance requirements and describes test methods for strength, security, function and corrosion resistance of locks for cycles. It also covers certain aspects regarding the safety of the rider of the cycle on which the lock is mounted. This standard covers permanently-mounted cycle locks and removable locks. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 1670:2007, Building hardware – Corrosion resistance – Requirements and test methods EN 10277-1, Bright steel products – Technical delivery conditions – Part 1: General EN 10277-2, Bright steel products – Technical delivery conditions – Part 2: Steels for general engineering purposes EN ISO 9227, Corrosion tests in artificial atmospheres – Salt spray tests
(ISO 9227:2006) EN ISO 9994, Lighters - Safety specification (ISO 9994:2005) EN ISO/IEC 17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories (ISO/IEC 17025:2005) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 cable lock cable made of steel wire, in a single or spiral loop, with one end permanently attached to the lock housing 3.2 chain and lock combination chain with a detachable lock 3.3 chain lock chain combined with a padlock or U-shackle lock 3.4 combination lock lock that can be operated without a key and unlocked by moving parts of the lock in a certain pattern (combination of movements) 3.5 cycle any vehicle that has at least two wheels and is propelled solely or mainly by the muscular energy of the person on that vehicle, in particular by means of pedals 3.6 cycle lock device which, when locked, is intended to mechanically prevent the use of a bicycle
EN 15496:2008 (E) 7 3.7 depth of incision depth of transverse notches on the length of a key 3.8 detainer part of the key mechanism of a locking mechanism which should first be moved by the key into a pre-determined position before the key can be used for unlocking or locking 3.9 diamond frame traditional type of cycle-frame consisting of a head-tube, a top-tube, a seat-tube, and a down-tube 3.10 key device, supplied by the manufacturer, for locking and unlocking a lock and that is capable of being used only through direct physical contact with the lock 3.11 key-operated lock lock that is operated with a key 3.12 keyway aperture extending along the whole or part of the length of the plug into which the key is inserted 3.13 key mechanism part of the mechanism that recognises a correct key. A key mechanism is also used as a synonym to “identification number” (regarding electronic locks) and “combination code” (for combination locks) 3.14 lock housing part of the lock containing the key mechanism and blocking mechanism 3.15 locking mechanism part of the mechanism that is operated by the key mechanism to lock/unlock the lock 3.16 padlock independent locking device comprising a housing, a key mechanism, a locking mechanism, and a shackle 3.17 plug part of the key-mechanism that can be moved when the proper key is used 3.18 permanently-mounted cycle lock cycle lock that forms one unit (excluding accessories and keys), which is mounted on a cycle and that can be considered as a permanent part of that cycle. A permanently-mounted lock can also be equipped with accessories such as chains or cables which can be locked with the same locking unit as that of the permanently-mounted lock NOTE One of the most common types of lock of this type is the so-called frame lock. 3.19 practical effective differ difference between key mechanisms of similar design, achieved only by the movable detainers, which allow each key mechanism to be operated only by its own key. The number of practical effective differs is equal to
EN 15496:2008 (E) 8 the number of theoretical differs after deduction of the differs suppressed by the manufacturer due to technical constraints and deduction of the differs suppressed by requirements in this standard (see clause 4) 3.20 removable cycle lock cycle lock that consists of one or more than one unit and that can be used for locking a cycle but that cannot be considered as a permanent part of that cycle since it is detachable without the use of any tools other than a key. Removable locks are often used for the connection of a cycle to other cycles or to fixed objects such as a ground-anchor 3.21 shackle part of the lock which passes through and secures the lock fitting 3.22 u-shackle lock lock housing with a partially or totally detachable shackle in which the legs of the shackle may or may not be parallel to each other
EN 15496:2008 (E) 9
4 General requirements NOTE In Table 1, a summary of the requirements and test parameters, specified in this standard, is presented. Table 1 — Summary of requirements and test parameters Test parameter Requirement clause Test clause Requirement value Unit General requirements 4 -
Maximum operational unlocking torque
6.1.1 6.1.2 1 Nm Non-interpassing of keys with just one interval effective differ
6.2.1 6.2.2 1,5 Nm Key strength 6.3.1 6.3.2 2 Nm Durability 6.4.1 6.4.2 5000 n Strength 6.5.2
Tensile strength
U-shackle locks: Tensile strength in the direction of opening 6.5.2 6.5.3.2.1 30 kN U-shackle locks: Tensile strength transverse or inclined to the direction of opening 6.5.2 6.5.3.2.2 10 kN Other locks 6.5.2 6.5.3.3 10 kN Torsional strength
U-shackle locks 6.5.2 6.5.4.2 500 Nm Chains for chain locks 6.5.2 6.5.4.3 500 Nm Chain and lock combinations 6.5.2 6.5.4.4 500 Nm Other locks 6.5.2 6.5.4.5 500 Nm Cutting resistance 6.5.2 6.5.5.2 55 kN Impact resistance of lock-housings in the direction of opening 6.5.2 6.5.6 3050 g 1,0 m –20 ûC 5 strokes Impact resistance of shackle-bolts or chain-links of locks – Test methods 6.5.2 6.5.7 3050 g 1,0 m –20 ûC 5 strokes Resistance to pulling or pushing of locking mechanism 6.5.2 6.5.8 5 kN Drill resistance of locking mechanism 6.6.1 6.6.3 2 min Resistance to attacks with hand tools 6.7.1 6.7.3 180 seconds Picking 6.8.2 6.8.5 228 m* Corrosion resistance 6.9.1 6.9.2
Marking 7.1 7.2
EN 15496:2008 (E) 10
4.1 A cycle lock shall be so designed that when it is mounted according to the manufacturer’s instructions and locked, it shall fulfil all of the following requirements: a) cycle cannot be either ridden or pushed along in a normal way and the rotation of at least one wheel is prevented, and b) it is not possible to remove the lock by detaching a part of the cycle that is easy to detach and attach (e.g. a wheel or a seat-post), and c) it is not possible to remove or unlock it by deforming a part of the cycle (e.g. the front fork or the seat-stays) unless such deformation prevents the future normal use of the cycle. 4.2 For safety reasons, it shall not be possible for a permanently-mounted cycle lock or for a removable cycle lock, when mounted according to the manufacturer’s instructions, to interfere with the normal and safe use of the cycle. 4.3 For the requirements in clauses 4.3.1 to 4.3.5 deviations from the requirements are permitted if the same level of security can be achieved with other solutions. The assessment of any other such solutions shall be presented in the test report. 4.3.1 The key mechanism shall have at least five active detainers.
4.3.2 The key must be provided with at least three different depths of incision. 4.3.3 Only 60 % of the number of blocking elements shall be permitted to have the same incision. When the 60 % value does not result in a whole number, the immediately lower whole number shall apply 4.3.4 Not more than two equal, adjacent blocking elements shall be permitted. 4.3.5 The lock shall have a minimum number of practical effective differs (n), thus: a) for key- operated locks:
2 500 with a minimum of 1 000 per keyway
b) for combination locks:
9 000 c) for key-operated electronic locks:
50 000
d) for electronic locks operated by a remote device: 100 000. After each operation, the receiver shall require a new code, generated in a random pattern, in order to operate again. 4.4 Combination locks and electronic locks shall be so designed that it is not possible to determine the correct code by visually inspecting external scratches or marks after 500 times of opening and closing the lock. 4.5 Cycle locks shall be so designed that it is not possible to determine the correct code by visual inspection through the key-hole or other openings. 4.6 All locks except combination locks shall be delivered with at least two, but not more than four, keys or remote devices. 4.7 A permanently-mounted key-operated cycle lock shall be so designed that the locking is positive, i.e. the key shall not be removable from the lock until the blocking element of the shackle is in the blocked and locked position. 4.8 Electronic locks shall have a function that makes the lock capable of preventing opening by random or systematic generation and transmission of codes. An example of such a function is a time-delay function that blocks reception of further codes for a certain time after each reception of an incorrect code.
EN 15496:2008 (E) 11 5 Test procedures and test conditions 5.1 Number of tests Each test specified in 6.1 to 6.6 , 6.7.3 and 6.9.2 shall be carried out on a new lock unless otherwise specified or unless it is without doubt that one test has no influence on the next test. 5.2 Test conditions 5.2.1 Ambient temperature All tests shall be carried out at an ambient temperature of +20 °C ± 5 °C.
5.2.2 Tolerances Unless otherwise stated, the following tolerances apply: Force
± 2% Torque
± 2 % Mass/weight
± 2 % Dimension
± 2 % Time
± 5 s Temperature
± 3 °C
5.2.3 Examination prior to tests Prior to all tests the test personnel shall have the opportunity to examine the design of an assembled lock, an unassembled lock, technical drawings and specifications. 6 Specific requirements and test methods 6.1 Maximum operational unlocking torque 6.1.1 Requirement When tested by the method described in 6.1.2 the lock shall be unlocked at a torque not exceeding 1 Nm ± 0,1 Nm. 6.1.2 Test method Insert the correct key fully in the lock when it is in the locked position and gradually apply a torque to the key, turning it in the direction of unlocking. Record the maximum torque value needed in order to unlock the lock. 6.2 Non-interpassing of keys with just one interval effective differ 6.2.1 Requirement When tested by the method described in 6.2.2 it shall not be possible to operate the lock with the two keys differing from the correct key by one interval in the first detainer (the detainer closest to the head of the key). 6.2.2 Test method Insert the next closest key fully in the lock when it is in the locked position and gradually apply a torque to the key, turning it in the direction of unlocking. Increase the torque until a torque of 1,5 Nm ±
0,1 Nm is applied.
EN 15496:2008 (E) 12 6.3 Key strength 6.3.1 Requirement When tested in accordance with 6.3.2, the key shall not break under the applied maximum torque of 2 Nm. After the test, the key shall be able to be removed from the lock and re-used to operate the same lock.
6.3.2
Test method Insert the correct key fully in the lock, blocked from rotation, and apply a torque of at least 2 Nm. 6.4 Durability 6.4.1 Requirement When tested by the method described in 6.4.2 the lock shall retain its normal function. 6.4.2 Test method Open and close the lock 5 000 times with the correct key or combination. Withdraw and insert any key after each locking. 6.5 Strength 6.5.1 General If a lock is of a type that should be subjected to a certain type of test, but is designed in such a way that it is impossible to apply the particular test, the lock shall be exempted from that test. Such an exemption shall be stated in the test report. Strength tests shall, unless otherwise stated, be performed only with directions and positions of forces that can be used in practice during the theft of a cycle. Of these directions and positions, those which the test engineer considers most likely to open the lock shall be used. 6.5.2 Requirement When tested by the methods described in 6.5.3, 6.5.4, 6.5.5, 6.5.6, and 6.5.7 the lock shall not break. When tested by the method described in 6.5.8, the essential part of the locking mechanism shall not completely detach from the lock. 6.5.3 Tensile strength – Test method 6.5.3.1 General Permanently mounted cycle locks with a maximum inner dimension less than 150 mm shall not be subjected to the tests in 6.5.3.2. 6.5.3.2 U-shackle locks 6.5.3.2.1 Tensile strength in the direction of opening Secure the body of the lock in a mounting device and ensure that the mounting device does not affect the test result. Gradually apply a force F, as shown in Figure 1, to the lock in the opening direction until the lock breaks or until a force of 30 kN is achieved and retained for 1 min, whichever occurs first.
EN 15496:2008 (E) 13 For application of the force, use devices, as shown in Figure 1, with a diameter/width (B and C) of 80 mm unless dimension A is less than 80 mm, in which case devices with a diameter/width B/C of (A – 10) mm shall be used. The test report shall record the magnitude of the force achieved and the type of failure, if any.
Key A = Maximum inner dimension of shackle B = Diameter of upper round device C = Width of lower flat device F = Applied force Figure 1 — Tensile strength of U-shackles in the direction of opening 6.5.3.2.2 Tensile strength transverse or inclined to the direction of opening Fix the lock and ensure that the design of the fixing device does not affect the test result. Gradually apply a force, as shown in Figure 2, to the lock in a direction transverse to the opening direction, until the lock breaks or until a force of 10 kN is achieved and retained for 1 min, whichever occurs first.
For application of the force, use devices, as shown in Figure 2, with a diameter of 40 mm, placed as close to the lock-housing as possible.
The test report shall record the position and direction of the applied force, the magnitude of the force achieved and the type of failure, if any.
EN 15496:2008 (E) 14
Key F = Applied force for a shackle with two parallel legs A = diameter of application device Figure 2 — Tensile strength of U-shackle locks transverse to the direction of opening
6.5.3.3 Other locks
Secure the lock in a suitable mounting device and ensure that the mounting device does not affect the test result. Gradually apply a force as specified in Figure 3 to the lock until the lock breaks or until a force of 10 kN is achieved and retained for 1 min, whichever occurs first. For application of the force, use devices, as shown in the example in Figure 3, with a diameter, B, of 80 mm.
The test report shall record the magnitude of the force achieved and the type of failure, if any.
Key F = Applied force B = Diameter of device Figure 3 — Examples of tensile strength tests on a chain lock and a cable lock
EN 15496:2008 (E) 15 6.5.4 Torsional strength – Test methods 6.5.4.1 Exemption of certain locks Permanently mounted cycle locks are exempted from the tests specified in 6.5.4.
For other locks than permanently mounted cycle locks the tests in 6.5.4 shall only be carried out if the attacks that the tests resemble can occur in practice during the theft of a cycle. The assessment of whether the attacks can occur in practice shall be made only with tools specified in the list of tools in Table 2 and Table 3. The rationale for exempting locks from certain tests shall be given in the test-report.
6.5.4.2 U-shackle locks Secure the lock and shackle according to Figure 4.
Gradually apply a torque, as shown in Figure 4, to the lock until the lock or shackle breaks or until a torque of 500 Nm is achieved and retained for 1 min, whichever occurs first.
For application of the torque, use devices, as shown in Figure 4, with a diameter of 30 mm.
Key 1 = Movable part of fixing device for application of torque (diameter 30 mm) 2 = Shackle/lock to be tested 3 = Fixed part of fixing-device (diameter 30 mm) Figure 4 — Torsional resistance of the shackle
6.5.4.3 Chains for chain locks Fix the chain b
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