SIST EN 14399-1:2005
(Main)High-strength structural bolting assemblies for preloading - Part 1: General requirements
High-strength structural bolting assemblies for preloading - Part 1: General requirements
This Part of this European standard specifies the general requirements for the components of bolt/nut/washer(s) assemblies for high-strength structural bolting, which are suitable for preloading and for the assemblies themselves.
NOTE The specific requirements for the systems HR and HV and the associated washers are given in the following parts of this European standard:
Hochfeste planmäßig vorspannbare Schraubenverbindungen für den Metallbau - Teil 1: Allgemeine Anforderungen
Der vorliegende Teil dieser Europäischen Norm legt die allgemeinen Anforderungen an die Komponenten von Garnituren aus Schrauben, Muttern und Scheiben für hochfeste Schraubenverbindungen für den Stahlbau fest, die zum Vorspannen geeignet sind, sowie an die Garnituren selbst.
ANMERKUNG Die besonderen Anforderungen an die Systeme HR und HV sowie die zugehörigen Scheiben sind in den folgenden Teilen dieser Europäischen Norm festgelegt:
Boulonnerie de construction métallique a haute résistance apte a la précontrainte - Partie 1: Exigences générales
La présente partie de cette Norme européenne spécifie les exigences générales relatives aux éléments constitutifs des ensembles (vis+écrou+rondelle(s)) pour boulons de construction a haute résistance aptes a la précontrainte ainsi qu'aux ensembles eux-memes.
NOTE Les exigences spécifiques pour les systemes HR et HV et les rondelles associées sont définies dans les parties suivantes de cette Norme européenne
Visokotrdnostne strukturne vijačne zveze za prednapetje - 1. del: Splošne zahteve
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Hochfeste planmäßig vorspannbare Schraubenverbindungen für den Metallbau - Teil 1: Allgemeine AnforderungenBoulonnerie de construction métallique a haute résistance apte a la précontrainte - Partie 1: Exigences généralesHigh-strength structural bolting assemblies for preloading - Part 1: General requirements21.060.01Vezni elementi na splošnoFasteners in generalICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 14399-1:2005SIST EN 14399-1:2005en01-maj-2005SIST EN 14399-1:2005SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
SIST EN 14399-1:2005
EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 14399-1March 2005ICS 21.060.01English versionHigh-strength structural bolting assemblies for preloading - Part1: General requirementsBoulonnerie de construction métallique à haute résistanceapte à la précontrainte - Partie 1: Exigences généralesGarnituren für hochfeste planmäßig vorspannbareSchraubenverbindungen für den Metallbau - Teil 1:Allgemeine AnforderungenThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 3 February 2005.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2005 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 14399-1:2005: ESIST EN 14399-1:2005
EN 14399-1:2005 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword.3 Introduction.4 1 Scope.5 2 Normative references.5 3 Terms and definitions.5 4 Requirements.6 5 Testing for conformity evaluation.9 6 Evaluation of conformity.11 7 Documentation of test results.16 Annex ZA (informative)
Clauses of this European Standard addressing the provisions of EU Construction Products Directive (89/106/EEC).17 Bibliography.22
SIST EN 14399-1:2005
EN 14399-1:2005 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 14399-1:2005) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 185, "Threaded and non-threaded mechanical fasteners and accessories", the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2005, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the lat-est by September 2005. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EC Directive(s). For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document. This document includes a Bibliography According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following coun-tries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Esto-nia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. SIST EN 14399-1:2005
EN 14399-1:2005 (E) 4 Introduction This document on structural bolting reflects the situation in Europe where two technical solutions exist to achieve the necessary ductility of bolt/nut/washer assemblies. These solutions utilize different systems (HR and HV) of bolt/nut/washer assemblies, see Table 1. Both systems are well proved and it is up to the experts responsible for structural bolting whether they use the one or the other system. It is, however, important for the performance of the assembly to avoid mixing up the components of both systems. Therefore, the bolts and nuts for both systems are standardized in one single part of this European Standard each and the marking of the components of the same system is uniform. Table 1 — Systems of bolt/nut/washer assemblies
Bolt/nut/washer assembly System HR Bolt/nut/washer assembly System HV General require-ments EN 14399-1 Bolt/nut assembly EN 14399-3 EN 14399-4 Marking HR HV Property classes 8.8/8 10.9/10 10.9/10 Washer(s) EN 14399-5 or EN 14399-6 EN 14399-5 or
EN 14399-6 Marking H H Suitability test for preloading EN 14399-2 EN 14399-2
Preloaded bolted assemblies are very sensitive to differences in manufacture and lubrication. Therefore it is important that the assembly is supplied by one manufacturer who is always responsible for the function of the assembly. For the same reason it is important that coating of the assembly is under the control of one manufacturer. Beside the mechanical properties of the components the functionality of the assembly requires that the specified preload can be achieved if the assembly is tightened with a suitable procedure. For this purpose a test method for the suitability of the components for preloading was created which will demonstrate whether the function of the
assembly is fulfilled. For the time being, the product standards EN 14399-3 to EN 14399-6 are the only European Standards which have regard to the general requirements of EN 14399-1. However, further product standards on fit bolts, countersunk head bolts, and load indicating washers for the use in high strength structural bolting for preloading are under preparation. SIST EN 14399-1:2005
EN 14399-1:2005 (E) 5 1 Scope This document specifies the general requirements for the components of bolt/nut/washer(s) assemblies for high-strength structural bolting, which are suitable for preloading, and for the assemblies themselves. Examples for components which fulfil the requirements of this document are specified in EN 14399-3, EN 14399-4, EN 14399-5 and EN 14399-6. NOTE For clauses of this document addressing the provisions of the EU Construction Products Directive, see Annex ZA. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ENV 1090-1:1996, Execution of steel structures — Part 1: General rules and rules for buildings. EN 10045-1, Metallic materials — Charpy impact test — Part 1: Test method. EN 10204, Metallic products — Types of inspection documents. EN 14399-2, High-strength structural bolting for preloading — Part 2: Suitability test for preloading. EN 14399-3, High-strength structural bolting for preloading — Part 3: System HR — Hexagon bolt and nut assem-blies. EN 14399-4, High-strength structural bolting for preloading — Part 4: System HV — Hexagon bolt and nut assem-blies. EN 14399-5, High-strength structural bolting for preloading — Part 5: Plain washers. EN 14399-6, High-strength structural bolting for preloading — Part 6: Plain chamfered washers. EN 20225, Fasteners — Bolts, screws, studs and nuts — Symbols and designation of dimensions (ISO 225:1983). EN 20898-2, Mechanical properties of fasteners — Part 2: Nuts with specified proof load values — Coarse thread (ISO 898-2:1992). EN ISO 898-1, Mechanical properties of fasteners made of carbon steel and alloy steel — Part 1: Bolts, screws and studs (ISO 898-1:1999). EN ISO 6507-1, Metallic materials — Vickers hardness test — Part 1: Test method (ISO 6507-1:1997).
EN ISO 9001, Quality management systems — Requirements (ISO 9001:2000). 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in Guide to the Implementation of Directives Based on the New Approach and Global Approach and ENV 1090-1:1996 and the following apply. 3.1 assembly comprises matching bolt, nut and necessary washer(s) SIST EN 14399-1:2005
EN 14399-1:2005 (E) 6 3.2 manufacturing lot quantity of fasteners of a single designation including product grade, property class and size1), manufactured from bar, wire, rod or flat product from a single cast, processed through the same or similar steps at the same time or over a continuous time period through the same heat treatment and/or coating process, if any NOTE 1 Same heat treatment or coating process means: for a continuous process, the same treatment cycle without any setting modification; for a discontinuous process, the same treatment cycle for identical consecutive loads (batches). NOTE 2 The manufacturing lot may be split into a number of manufacturing batches for processing purposes and then reas-sembled into the same manufacturing lot. NOTE 3 Adapted from ISO 15330. 3.3 assembly lot assemblies supplied together as a set comprising: bolts from a single manufacturing lot; nuts from a single manufacturing lot; washers from a single manufacturing lot 3.4 extended assembly lot manufacturing lot of that component that mainly influences the result of the suitability test combined with the other components from the same supplier chosen by a documented method NOTE The component with the main influence is determined on the basis of test results. 4 Requirements 4.1 Ordering information At the time of order the manufacturer shall obtain the following information: a) the quantities to be delivered, b) the product designation, c) the k-class according to 4.4.4; if no k-class is specified, k-class K0 applies, d) Others requirements as agreed between the supplier and purchaser (for example: low temperature require-ments), in so far they do not conflict with regulatory requirements. 4.2 Manufacturing process 4.2.1 Dangerous substances Materials used in products shall not release any dangerous substances in excess of the maximum permitted levels specified in a relevant European Standard for the material or permitted in the national regulations of the member state of destination.
1) Size of a bolt means thread diameter and length. SIST EN 14399-1:2005
EN 14399-1:2005 (E) 7 4.2.2 Nuts Hot dip galvanized nuts shall be galvanized before they are threaded. Nuts shall not be re-threaded. 4.2.3 Bolts The manufacturing process for bolts of property class 10.9 shall take due care of the risk of hydrogen embrittlement, especially during the coating process. Appropriate additional process should be considered when the risk of hydrogen embrittlement cannot be avoided. Bolts of property class 10.9 shall have rolled threads. 4.2.4 Finish and coating Finish and coating shall be as specified in the relevant part of this document. Coatings of all components of an assembly shall be compatible and shall have similar corrosion resistance. Hot dip galvanizing of each component shall be under the control of the manufacturer of the assemblies. 4.3 Delivery conditions All fasteners shall be supplied to the purchaser either in the original unopened, single sealed container or alternatively in separate sealed containers of the manufacturer of the assemblies. The suitability for preloading of the elements in an assembly supplied to the purchaser shall be assured by the suitability test in accordance with EN 14399-2. The manufacturer of the assembly shall specify the suitable methods for tightening in accordance with ENV 1090-1. Assemblies shall be supplied in one of the following alternatives: a) Bolts, nuts and washers supplied by one manufacturer. The elements of an assembly are packed together in one package that is labelled with an assembly lot number and the manufacturer's identification. The suitability test is to be performed on each assembly lot by use of representative sample testing as specified in Table 15. b) Bolts, nuts and washers supplied by one manufacturer. Each element is packed in separate packages that are labelled with the manufacturing lot number of the components and the manufacturer's identification. The ele-ments in an assembly are freely interchangeable within the deliveries of one nominal thread diameter. The suitability test is to be performed on each extended assembly lot by use of representative sample testing as specified in Table 15. 4.4 Product requirements 4.4.1 General The following requirements apply for evaluation of conformity as specified in Clause 6. 4.4.2 Dimensions and tolerances on dimensions, form and position The under head radius of bolts as specified in EN 14399-3 and in EN 14399-4 shall be used for any bolts of prop-erty class 10.9 in order to reduce the risk of hydrogen embrittlement. Tolerances on dimensions, form and position shall be in accordance with the requirements given in the order by reference to the relevant parts of this European Standard. They apply to the components before coating. The thread tolerances shall be 6g for bolts; 6H for nuts without coating; 6AZ for nuts with hot dip galvanized coating. SIST EN 14399-1:2005
EN 14399-1:2005 (E) 8 4.4.3 Mechanical properties of the components of assembly The mechanical properties of the components of the assembly shall comply with the standards shown in Tables 2 to 4. The property class of bolts shall be 8.8 or 10.9 in accordance with EN ISO 898-1. The property class of nuts shall be 8 or 10 in accordance with EN 20898-2. Table 2 — Bolts Mechanical characteristic Standard Percent elongation after fracture
EN ISO 898-1 Minimum tensile strength
EN ISO 898-1 Stress at 0,2 % non-proportional elongation
EN ISO 898-1 Stress under proof load
EN ISO 898-1 Strength under wedge loading
EN ISO 898-1 Hardness
EN ISO 898-1 Impact strength
EN 14399-3 and
EN 14399-4
Table 3 — Nuts Mechanical characteristic Standard Stress under proof load EN 14399-3 for system HR and
EN 20898-2 for system HV Hardness EN 14399-3 for system HR and EN 20898-2 for system HV
Table 4 — Washers Mechanical characteristic Standard Hardness EN 14399-5 and EN 14399-6
4.4.4 Functional characteristics of the assembly The functional characteristics of the assemblies shall comply with the relevant requirements in accordance with EN 14399-3 (system HR) and EN 14399-4 (system HV), see Table 5. Table 5 — Assemblies Functional characteristics Standard Suitability for preloading (Fbi maxa, ∆Θ2b, k-class)
EN 14399-3 or EN 14399-4 a Maximum individual value of the bolt force during tightening test in accordance with
EN 14399-2. b Angle by which the nut (or bolt) has to be turned starting from a preload of 0,7 fub × As s
until the individual value of the bolt force has dropped again to 0,7 fub × As.
SIST EN 14399-1:2005
EN 14399-1:2005 (E) 9 Concerning the k-factor, assemblies can be delivered according to one of the k-classes as specified in Table 6. The values of the characteristics ki, km and Vk shall be as specified in the relevant product standards or as agreed.
Assemblies according to k-class K2 shall be supplied only according alternative a) of 4.3. Table 6 — k-classes k-class Information to be supplied K0 No requirements for k-factor K1 Range of individual test value ki K2 Mean test value km Coefficient of variation of k-factor Vk
4.4.5 Marking All components used in assemblies for high strength structural bolting, which are suitable for preloading, shall be marked with the identification mark of the manufacturer of the assemblies and with the letter H. Additional letters defining the system (e.g. R for HR or V for HV) shall be added to H for bolts and nuts. All components of an assembly shall be marked with the same identification mark. 4.5 Durability Finish and coating of assemblies shall be in accordance with 4.2.4. A surface coating shall be used to enhance the inherent durability of assemblies against corrosion, if required. This durability shall be achieved either by applying a specified coating, or as part of the durability of the structure in which the assemblies are used. NOTE 1 For durability of structures against corrosion, protective coatings and method application, ENV 1090-1:1996, Clause 10, refers to
the relevant part of EN ISO 12944. The mechanical durability of assemblies is assured for a reasonable economic working life if the assembly com-plies with the requirements of this document and is used in accordance with the manufacturer's specification for tightening. NOTE 2 Tightening methods are given in ENV 1090-1. 5 Testing for conformity evaluation 5.1 Testing for dangerous substances Release of dangerous substances may be assessed indirectly by controlling the content of the substances in the materials used. 5.2 Testing of dimensional requirements of the components The tolerances of critical dimensions of the components shall be checked by standard gauges or measuring equipment of the required accuracy as given in the Tables 7 to 9. SIST EN 14399-1:2005
EN 14399-1:2005 (E) 10 Table 7 — Bolts Critical dimensiona Accuracy (mm) Method Width across flats (s) or head diameter (dk)
≤ 0,05
Measurement Width across corners (e)
≤ 0,05
Measurement Head height (k)
≤ 0,05
Measurement Shank diameter (ds)
≤ 0,05
Measurement Nominal length (l)
≤ 0,1
Measurement Shank length (ls)
≤ 0,1
Measurement Grip length (lg)
≤ 0,1
Measurement Thread dimensions —
Gauge Underhead radius (r) —
Gauge Head angle (of countersunk bolts) (α)
≤ 0,5°
Measurement a Symbols and descriptions of dimensions as defined in EN 20225.
Table 8 — Nuts Critical dimensiona Accuracy (mm) Method Width across flats (s)
≤ 0,05
Measurement Width across corners (e)
≤ 0,05
Measurement Nut height (m)
≤ 0,05
Measurement Thread dimensions —
Gauge a Symbols and descriptions of dimensions as defined in EN 20225.
Table 9 — Washers Critical dimensiona Accuracy (mm) Method Hole diameter (d1)
≤ 0,1/–
Measurement/Gauge Outer diameter (d2)
≤ 0,1
Measurement Thickness (h)
≤ 0,05
Measurement a Symbols and descriptions of dimensions as defined in EN 14399-5 and EN 14399-6.
5.3 Testing of mechanical characteristics of components The mechanical characteristics of bolts, nuts and washers shall be tested in accordance with Tables 10 to 12. Table 10 — Bolts Mechanical characteristic Test Reference standard for the test procedure Percent elongation after fracture Tensile test
EN ISO 898-1 Minimum tensile strength Tensile test
EN ISO 898-1 Stress at 0,2 % non-proportional elongation Tensile test
EN ISO 898-1 Stress under proof load Proof load test
EN ISO 898-1 Strength under wedge loading Wedge loading test
EN ISO 898-1 Hardness Hardness test
EN ISO 898-1 Impact strength Impact test
EN 10045-1 SIST EN 14399-1:2005
EN 14399-1:2005 (E) 11 Table 11 — Nuts Mechanical characteristic Test Reference standard for the test procedure Stress under proof load Proof load test EN 20898-2 Hardness Hardness test EN 20898-2
Table 12 — Washers Mechanical characteristic Test Reference standard for the test procedure Hardness Hardness test EN ISO 6507-1
5.4 Testing of functional characteristics of assembly The test of functional characteristics shall be in accordance with Table 13. Table 13 — Testing of assembly Functional characteristic Test Standard Suitability for preloading (Fbi maxa, ∆Θ2a, k-class) Suitability test for preloading EN 14399-2 a See Table 5
5.5 Acceptance criteria All fasteners tested for conformity evaluation shall pass the tests to be in conformance with this document. 6 Evaluation of conformity 6.1 General The conformity of the components and assemblies to the requirements of this document and with the stated values shall be demonstrated by: initial type testing; factory production control by the manufacturer, including product assessment. For th
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