SIST EN ISO 17348:2016

Petroleum and natural gas industries - Materials selection for high content CO2 environment for casings, tubings and downhole equipment (ISO 17348:2016)

This International Standard provides guidelines and requirements for material selection of both
seamless casing and tubing, and downhole equipment for CO2 gas injection and gas production wells
with high pressure and high CO2 content environments [higher than 10 % (molar) of CO2 and 1 MPa CO2
partial pressure]. Oil production wells are not covered in this International Standard. This International
Standard only considers materials compatibility with the environment.
Guidance is given for the following:
— corrosion evaluation;
— materials selection;
— corrosion control.
This International Standard is aimed at high CO2 content wells, where the threat of low pH and CO2
corrosion is greatest. However, many aspects are equally applicable to environments containing lower
CO2 concentrations.
Materials selection is influenced by many factors and synergies and should be performed by either
materials or corrosion engineer.

Erdöl-, petrochemische und Erdgasindustrie - Werkstoffauswahl in CO2 Umgebung für nahtlose Rohre und Formstücke für den Gebrauch als Futterrohr, Steigrohr und Bohrloch-Ausrüstungen - Richtlinien (ISO 17348:2016)

Industries du pétrole et du gaz naturel - Choix des matériaux une teneur élevée en CO2 pour tubes de cuvelage et de production et équipements de fond (ISO 17348:2016)

L'ISO 17248:2016 fournit des lignes directrices et des exigences pour le choix des matériaux employés pour les tubes de cuvelage et de production et les équipements de fond des puits d'injection de CO2 et des puits de production de gaz dans des environnements à haute pression et haute teneur en CO2 [concentration (molaire) de CO2 supérieure à 10 % et pression partielle de CO2 supérieure à 1 MPa]. Les puits de production de pétrole ne sont pas couverts par la présente Norme internationale. L'ISO 17248:2016 concerne uniquement la comptabilité des matériaux avec l'environnement.
Des lignes directrices sont fournies pour:
-      l'évaluation de la corrosion;
-      le choix des matériaux;
-      le contrôle de la corrosion.
L'ISO 17248:2016 concerne les puits à haute teneur en CO2 dans lesquels la menace d'un faible pH et d'une corrosion par le CO2 est la plus élevée. Néanmoins, de nombreux aspects sont également applicables à des environnements contenant de plus faibles concentrations en CO2.
Le choix des matériaux est influencé par de nombreux facteurs et synergies et il convient qu'il soit effectué par un ingénieur en matériaux ou en corrosion.

Industrija za predelavo nafte in zemeljskega plina - Izbira materialov za zaščitne, proizvodne (dvižne) cevi ter opremo za vrtine v okolju z visoko vsebnostjo CO2 (ISO 17348:2016)

Ta mednarodni standard določa smernice in zahteve za izbiro materialov za zaščitne in proizvodne (dvižne) cevi ter opremo za vrtine za vbrizgavanje plina CO2 in vrtine za proizvodnjo plina pri visokem tlaku in v okolju z visoko vsebnostjo CO2 [večji od 10 % (molarno) CO2 in 1 MPa delnega
tlaka CO2]. Ta mednarodni standard ne obravnava vrtin za proizvodnjo nafte. Ta mednarodni
standard zgolj upošteva združljivost materialov z okoljem.
Navedena so navodila za naslednje:
– ocenjevanje korozije;
– izbiranje materialov;
– nadzor korozije.
Ta mednarodni standard je namenjen vrtinam z visoko vsebnostjo CO2, kjer obstaja največje tveganje za nizek pH in korozijo zaradi CO2. Kljub temu je številne vidike vseeno mogoče enakovredno uporabiti pri okoljih z nižjimi koncentracijami CO2.
Na izbiranje materialov vplivajo številni dejavniki in sinergije, zato naj bi ga izvedel inženir za materiale ali korozijo.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Public Enquiry End Date: 29-Dec-2014
• Publication Date: 10-Apr-2016
• ICS: 75.180.10 - Exploratory, drilling and extraction equipment
• Technical Committee: I13 - Imaginarni 13
• Current Stage: 6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 23-Mar-2016
• Due Date: 28-May-2016
• Completion Date: 11-Apr-2016
• Ref Project: EN ISO 17348:2016 - Petroleum and natural gas industries - Materials selection for high content CO2 environment for casings, tubings and downhole equipment (ISO 17348:2016)

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 17348:2016
01-maj-2016
,QGXVWULMD]DSUHGHODYRQDIWHLQ]HPHOMVNHJDSOLQD,]ELUDPDWHULDORY]D]DãþLWQH
SURL]YRGQHGYLåQHFHYLWHURSUHPR]DYUWLQHYRNROMX]YLVRNRYVHEQRVWMR&2
,62
Petroleum and natural gas industries - Materials selection for high content CO2
environment for casings, tubings and downhole equipment (ISO 17348:2016)
Erdöl-, petrochemische und Erdgasindustrie - Werkstoffauswahl in CO2 Umgebung für
nahtlose Rohre und Formstücke für den Gebrauch als Futterrohr, Steigrohr und Bohrloch
-Ausrüstungen - Richtlinien (ISO 17348:2016)
Industries du pétrole et du gaz naturel - Choix des matériaux une teneur élevée en CO2
pour tubes de cuvelage et de production et équipements de fond (ISO 17348:2016)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 17348:2016
ICS:
75.180.10 Oprema za raziskovanje in Exploratory and extraction
odkopavanje equipment
SIST EN ISO 17348:2016 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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SIST EN ISO 17348:2016

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SIST EN ISO 17348:2016


EN ISO 17348
EUROPEAN STANDARD

NORME EUROPÉENNE

March 2016
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 75.180.01
English Version

Petroleum and natural gas industries - Materials selection
for high content CO environment for casings, tubings and
2
downhole equipment (ISO 17348:2016)
Industries du pétrole et du gaz naturel - Choix des Erdöl-, petrochemische und Erdgasindustrie -
matériaux une teneur élevée en CO2 pour tubes de Werkstoffauswahl in CO2 Umgebung für nahtlose
cuvelage et de production et équipements de fond (ISO Rohre und Formstücke für den Gebrauch als
17348:2016) Futterrohr, Steigrohr und Bohrloch-Ausrüstungen -
Richtlinien (ISO 17348:2016)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 30 January 2016.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.





EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIO N

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUN G

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2016 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 17348:2016 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

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SIST EN ISO 17348:2016
EN ISO 17348:2016 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
2

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SIST EN ISO 17348:2016
EN ISO 17348:2016 (E)
European foreword
This document (EN ISO 17348:2016) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 67 "Materials,
equipment and offshore structures for petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries" in
collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 12 “Materials, equipment and offshore structures for
petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries” the secretariat of which is held by NEN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2016, and conflicting national standards
shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2016.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
rights.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands,
Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the
United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 17348:2016 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 17348:2016 without any modification.
3

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SIST EN ISO 17348:2016

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SIST EN ISO 17348:2016
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 17348
First edition
2016-02-15
Petroleum and natural gas
industries — Materials selection for
high content CO for casing, tubing
2
and downhole equipment
Industries du pétrole et du gaz naturel — Choix des matériaux une
teneur élevée en CO pour tubes de cuvelage et de production et
2
équipements de fond
Reference number
ISO 17348:2016(E)
©
ISO 2016

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SIST EN ISO 17348:2016
ISO 17348:2016(E)

COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2016, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Ch. de Blandonnet 8 • CP 401
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland
Tel. [phone]
Fax [phone]
[e-mail]
www.iso.org
ii © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved

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SIST EN ISO 17348:2016
ISO 17348:2016(E)

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms . 2
3.1 Terms and definitions . 2
3.2 Abbreviated terms . 5
4 Guidelines for corrosion evaluation . 5
4.1 General . 5
4.2 Corrosion by produced or injected fluids — Corrosion likelihood . 6
4.2.1 Gas production wells . 7
4.2.2 Injection wells . 7
5 Materials selection . 7
5.1 Gas injection with high CO content . 8
2
5.2 Water alternating gas with high CO content (WAG) injection systems . 8
2
5.3 Gas production wells with high CO content . 9
2
5.4 Production casing . 9
5.5 Sealing and packers .10
5.5.1 General.10
5.5.2 Non-metallic seals and packing elements .10
5.6 Liners .11
6 Corrosion control .12
6.1 Corrosion prevention .12
6.1.1 Completion with CRA and cladding .12
6.1.2 Completion with GRE liners .12
6.2 Corrosion management .12
6.3 Internal corrosion allowance . .12
Annex A (informative) Example of material selection for gas production.13
Bibliography .16
© ISO 2016 – All rights reserved iii

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SIST EN ISO 17348:2016
ISO 17348:2016(E)

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 67, Materials, equipment and offshore structures
for petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries.
iv © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved

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SIST EN ISO 17348:2016
ISO 17348:2016(E)

Introduction
This International Standard gives recommendations and guidelines for materials selection in oil and
gas production wells, specifically for high CO content gas injection and production systems, as well
2
as for water alternating gas (WAG) injection systems. It is intended to enable responsible parties to
carry out materials selection in a consistent manner as a part of the engineering work, based upon a
design basis for a particular installation. The main users of this International Standard are oil and gas
production companies and engineering contractors. Material manufacturers and equipment suppliers
can benefit from using this International Standard for their product development.
Carbon capture and storage (CCS) has been identified as an important technology for achieving a
significant reduction in CO emissions to the atmosphere.
2
Many of the technologies and practices that have been developed for CO enhanced oil recovery
2
(EOR) can have applicability in CCS projects, assuming that each project design meets its site-specific
conditions. The CO EOR experiences of the oil and gas industry represent the largest collective base
2
of technical information available on CO injection and, as such, provide valuable information for
2
development and implementation of CCS field projects as they move forward.
This International Standard does not provide detailed material requirements and recommendations for
manufacturing and testing of equipment. Such information can be found in particular product standards
and in manufacturing and testing standards. Other International Standards related to material usage
limitations are referred to, e.g. ISO 15156 (all parts) for H S containing service.
2
In case of conflict between this International Standard and other international product standards, the
requirements of the latter take precedence.
© ISO 2016 – All rights reserved v

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SIST EN ISO 17348:2016

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SIST EN ISO 17348:2016
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 17348:2016(E)
Petroleum and natural gas industries — Materials
selection for high content CO for casing, tubing and
2
downhole equipment
1 Scope
This International Standard provides guidelines and requirements for material selection of both
seamless casing and tubing, and downhole equipment for CO gas injection and gas production wells
2
with high pressure and high CO content environments [higher than 10 % (molar) of CO and 1 MPa CO
2 2 2
partial pressure]. Oil production wells are not covered in this International Standard. This International
Standard only considers materials compatibility with the environment.
Guidance is given for the following:
— corrosion evaluation;
— materials selection;
— corrosion control.
This International Standard is aimed at high CO content wells, where the threat of low pH and CO
2 2
corrosion is greatest. However, many aspects are equally applicable to environments containing lower
CO concentrations.
2
Materials selection is influenced by many factors and synergies and should be performed by either
materials or corrosion engineer.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 11960, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Steel pipes for use as casing or tubing for wells
ISO 13680, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Corrosion-resistant alloy seamless tubes for use as
casing, tubing and coupling stock — Technical delivery conditions
ISO 15156 (all parts), Petroleum and natural gas industries — Materials for use in H2S-containing
environments in oil and gas production
ISO 21457, Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries — Materials selection and corrosion
control for oil and gas production systems
ISO 23936-1, Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries — Non-metallic materials in contact
with media related to oil and gas production — Part 1: Thermoplastics
ISO 23936-2, Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries — Non-metallic materials in contact
with media related to oil and gas production — Part 2: Elastomers
© ISO 2016 – All rights reserved 1

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SIST EN ISO 17348:2016
ISO 17348:2016(E)

3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1.1
A-annulus
designation of annulus between the production tubing and production casing (3.1.12)
[SOURCE: ISO/TS 16530-2:2014, 3.1]
3.1.2
casing
pipe run from the surface and intended to line the walls of a drilled well
[SOURCE: ISO 11960:2014, 4.1.5]
3.1.3
clad
cladding
metallurgically-bonded CRA (3.1.4) layer produced by roll bonding, weld overlaying, powder metallurgy
or explosively cladding a carbon steel plate or pipe
[SOURCE: API 5LD 2009, 3.1.2]
3.1.4
corrosion-resistant alloy
CRA
alloy intended to be resistant to general and localized corrosion by oilfield environments that are
corrosive to carbon steels
[SOURCE: ISO 15156-1:2015, 3.6]
3.1.5
cross-over
short subassembly that connects two different end connections
3.1.6
dense phase
fluid state (supercritical or liquid) above critical pressure
3.1.7
dry gas
gas operating at temperature at least 10 °C above water dew point at given pressure
Note 1 to entry: See ISO 21457:2010, 6.2.3.5.
3.1.8
gas production well
well where the gas/liquid ratio is between 900 and 18 000 for condensate gas, and higher than 18 000
for dry gas (3.1.7)
3.1.9
intermediate casing
string that is set between the surface casing (3.1.19) and production casing (3.1.12)
Note 1 to entry: There may be more than one intermediate casing, enabling getting deeper in the well.
2 © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved

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SIST EN ISO 17348:2016
ISO 17348:2016(E)

3.1.10
packer
mechanical device with a packing element, not installed in a designed receptacle, used for blocking
fluid (liquid or gas) communication through the annular space between conduits by sealing off the
space between them
[SOURCE: ISO 14310:2008, 3.26]
3.1.11
pitting resistance equivalent number
PREN
number, developed to reflect and predict the pitting resistance of a stainless steel, based upon the
proportions of Cr, Mo, W and N in the chemical composition of the alloy
Note 1 to entry: For the purposes of this International Standard, PREN is calculated from the following formula:
PREN = wCr + 3,3 (wMo + 0,5wW) + 16wN
where
wCr is the weight percentage of chromium in the alloy;
wMo is the weight percentage of molybdenum in the alloy;
wW is the weight percentage of tungsten in the alloy;
wN is the weight percentage of nitrogen in the alloy
[SOURCE: ISO 21457:2010, 3.1.18, modified.]
3.1.12
production casing
pipe run from the surface and intended to line the walls of a drilled well, isolating production zone
and/or injection zone
3.1.13
production packer
packer (3.1.10) used to isolate the A-annulus (3.1.1), blocking fluid communication by sealing on the ID
of the production casing (3.1.12)
3.1.14
pup joint
casing (3.1.2) or tubing of length shorter than Range 1
[SOURCE: ISO 11960:2014, 4.1.37, modified — Note 1 to entry left out here.]
3.1.15
rapid gas decompression
RGD
depressurization
explosive decompression
rapid pressure-drop in a high pressure gas-containing system which disrupts the equilibrium between
external gas pressure and the concentration of gas dissolved inside any polymer, with the result that
excess gas tries to escape from the solution at points throughout the material, causing expansion
Note 1 to entry: If large enough and if the pressure-drop rate is faster than the natural gas diffusion rate,
blistering or rupturing can occur.
[SOURCE: ISO 23936-2:2011, 3.1.10]
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SIST EN ISO 17348:2016
ISO 17348:2016(E)

3.1.16
shoe
assembly screwed to the casing with a rounded profile, in order to guide the casing string
throughout the wellbore
3.1.17
slickline
thin nonelectric cable used for selective placement and retrieval of wellbore hardware, such as plugs,
gauges and valves located in sidepocket mandrels
3.1.18
supercritical state
fluid state above critical pressure and temperature
3.1.19
surface casing
large-diameter pipe set on the first stage of a well
Note 1 to entry: One of its functions is to provide structural strength in order to hang the other casing strings.
3.1.20
stress corrosion cracking
SCC
cracking of metal involving anodic processes of localized corrosion and tensile stress (residual and/or
applied) in the presence of water and H S
2
Note 1 to entry: Parameters that influence the susceptibility to SCC are temperature, pH, chlorides, oxidants, H S
2
and CO .
2
[SOURCE: ISO 15156-1:2015, 3.21, modified — changed set of parameters in Note 1 to entry.]
3.1.21
sulfide stress cracking
SSC
cracking of metal involving corrosion and tensile stress (residual and/or applied) in the presence of
water and H S
2
Note 1 to entry: SSC is a form of hydrogen stress cracking (HSC) and involves the embrittlement of the metal by
atomic hydrogen that is produced by acid corrosion on the metal surface. Hydrogen uptake is promoted in the
presence of sulfides. The atomic hydrogen can diffuse into the metal, reduce ductility and increase susceptibility
to cracking. High strength metallic materials and hard weld zones are prone to SSC.
[SOURCE: ISO 15156-1:2015, 3.23]
3.1.22
tubing hanger
device that supports a tubing string (3.1.23) in the wellhead at the mudline
3.1.23
tubing string
set of pipes placed in a well to produce or inject fluids
3.1.24
wireline
one type of equipment and associated technique(s) used to perform various operations in a well using
a continuous length of solid line (slick line) or stranded wire, appropriate spooling equipment at the
surface and weight stem and specialized tools attached to the well (downhole) end of the wire
[SOURCE: ISO 17078-1:2004, 3.50]
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SIST EN ISO 17348:2016
ISO 17348:2016(E)

3.2 Abbreviated terms
CCS carbon capture and storage
CRA corrosion resistant alloy
EOR enhanced oil recovery
FEPM copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and propylene
FFKM perfluorelastomer
FKM fluorelastomer
GRE glass reinforced epoxy
HNBR hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber
ID internal diameter
PREN pitting resistance equivalent number
PA polyamide
PCTFE polychlorotrifluorethylene
PEEK polyether ether ketone
PP polypropylene
PTFE polytetrafluorethylene
PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
RGD rapid gas decompression
pH S H S partial pressure
2 2
pCO2 CO partial pressure
2
SCCO2 supercritical state of CO
2
TFE/P copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and propylene
WAG water alternating gas
4 Guidelines for corrosion evaluation
4.1 General
The materials selection process shall take into account all statutory and regulatory requirements.
The project design criteria, such as design lifetime, inspection and maintenance philosophy, type and
frequency of interventions, safety and environmental profiles shall be considered.
In general, robust materials selection should be made to ensure operational reliability throughout the
design life. For offshore installations, access for the purposes of maintenance and repair should be
carefully considered in the design.
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SIST EN ISO 17348:2016
ISO 17348:2016(E)

The possible scenarios covered by this International Standard are the following:
a) injection wells;
1) injection of high CO content gas (with and without H S presence);
2 2
2) alternate injection of high CO content gas (with and without H S presence) and water (WAG);
2 2
b) production gas wells with high CO content (with and without H S presence).
2 2
Materials for tubing and downhole equipment exposed to produced or injected fluids shall be selected
on the basis of their corrosivity considering operational conditions throughout the lifetime of the wells.
The main parameters are pH, content of CO , H S, presence of O and other contaminants (such as NO ,
2 2 2 x
SO , elemental sulfur, mercury, etc.) water chemistry, temperature and pressure. If H S is present in the
x 2
stream, materials shall comply with ISO 15156 (all parts).
For CO partial pressures considered in this International Standard (higher than 1 MPa CO partial
2 2
pressure), the use of carbon steel is only possible for dry gas injection. Water condensation during
transient or upset conditions shall be considered.
The corrosivity of the fluids in WAG wells will be dependent upon both the characteristics of water
and gas to be injected. The mixing and chemical reaction between CO and water shall be considered.
2
Dissolved CO reacts with water (both injected water and naturally occurring formation water) to form
2
carbonic acid which, over time, can produce severe corrosion.
Degradation mechanisms not specifically covered in this International Standard, such as fatigue, corrosion-
fatigue, wear and galling, shall be considered for relevant components and design conditions. The stages
of transportation, storage, installation, testing and preservation of materials shall be considered.
The mechanical properties for technical delivery conditions for different material grades shall comply
with ISO 11960 and ISO 13680.
In addition, the following topics can also significantly affect the performance of selected materials:
— corrosion damage due to chemical products injections (acid solutions, scale dissolvers, etc.);
— erosion/erosion-corrosion;
— damage to passive layers or internal coatings on the ID surfaces due to running of wireline and
slickline tools;
— environmental assisted cracking/corrosion in completions fluids (in the tubing string — production
casing annulus);
— pitting and/or crevice corrosion;
— SCC (stress corrosion cracking).
The chemical products and other fluids applied in the well shall be compatible with metallic and non-
metallic materials selected.
4.2 Corrosion by produced or injected fluids — Corrosion likelihood
An evaluation of materials corrosion likelihood shall be carried out to determine the corrosivity of
the injected and produced fluids for the materials under consideration. For metallic materials, the
corrosion mechanisms such as general, localized and environmental assisted cracking shall be assessed
and considered in well design.
For wet gas systems with high content of CO , the use of carbon steel is not recommended. Relevant
2
corrosion mechanisms are described in ISO 21457.
6 © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved

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SIST EN ISO 17348:2016
ISO 17348:2016(E)

Besides the corrosion mechanisms described in ISO 21457, most materials can suffer erosion/erosion-
corrosion under specific conditions and it might be necessary to consider in well design. The material
related critical flow intensity indicates the highest fluid flow intensity that can be tolerated before
erosion/erosion-corrosion
...