SIST EN 14500:2021

Blinds and shutters - Thermal and visual comfort - Test and calculation methods

This document defines test and calculation methods for the determination of the reflection and transmission characteristics to be used to determine the thermal and visual comfort performance classes of external blinds, internal blinds and shutters, as specified in prEN 14501:2018.
This document also specifies the method to determine the darkening performance of external blinds, internal blinds and shutters, as specified in prEN 14501:2018.
This document applies to the whole range of shutters, awnings and blinds defined in EN 12216, described as solar protection devices in this document. Some of the characteristics (e.g. gtot) are not applicable when products are not parallel to the glazing (e.g. folding-arm awnings).
NOTE 1   Informative Annex D presents an approach for the determination of characteristics in case of projectable products.
Retro-reflecting products are outside the scope of this document for reflectance measurements.
NOTE 2   Retro-reflecting products refer to products for which the reflected radiation comes back to the light source in the same direction.
Products using a significant amount of fluorescent are outside the scope of this document.
NOTE 3   "Significant amount" refers to materials which are designed to be fluorescent or retroreflective and marketed as such.  It does not refer to trace amounts of materials exhibiting fluorescence, e.g. for colour or identification purposes. Small amounts of materials such as titanium dioxide, which are not primarily included to achieve fluorescence, may be present.

Abschlüsse - Thermischer und visueller Komfort - Prüf- und Berechungsverfahren

Dieses Dokument definiert Prüf  und Berechnungsverfahren zur Bestimmung der Reflexions  und Transmissionskenngrößen, die anzuwenden sind, um die Leistungsklassen von innen und außen liegenden Abschlüssen hinsichtlich des thermischen und visuellen Komforts nach den Festlegungen in prEN 14501:2018 zu bestimmen.
Dieses Dokument legt auch das Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Verdunkelungsleistung von innen und außen liegenden Markisen und Abschlüssen nach den Festlegungen in EN 14501:2018 fest.
Dieses Dokument gilt für sämtliche Arten von Abschlüssen, Markisen und Jalousien, die in EN 12216 definiert sind und in diesem Dokument als Sonnenschutzeinrichtungen bezeichnet werden. Einige der Kenngrößen (z. B. gtot) sind nicht anwendbar, wenn die Produkte nicht parallel zur Verglasung angebracht sind (z. B. Gelenkarm-Markisen).
ANMERKUNG 1   Der informative Anhang D stellt eine Herangehensweise für die Bestimmung der Kenngrößen im Falle ausstellbarer Produkte dar.
Retroreflektierende Produkte liegen außerhalb des Anwendungsbereichs dieses Dokuments zur Messung von Reflexionsgraden.
ANMERKUNG 2   Retroreflektierende Produkte sind Produkte, bei denen die reflektierte Strahlung in der gleichen Richtung wieder auf die Lichtquelle zurückfällt.
Produkte, die eine signifikante Menge fluoreszierender Werkstoffe verwenden, liegen außerhalb des Anwendungsbereichs dieses Dokuments.
ANMERKUNG 3   "Signifikante Menge" bezieht sich auf Werkstoffe, die dafür vorgesehen sind, fluoreszierend oder retroreflektierend zu sein, und entsprechend vermarktet werden. Dies bezieht sich nicht auf Spuren von Werkstoffen mit fluoreszierenden Eigenschaften, z. B. zur Farbgebung oder zu Identifikationszwecken. Geringe Mengen von Werkstoffen wie Titaniumdioxid, die nicht primär zum Zweck des Erreichens fluoreszierender Eigenschaften zugesetzt werden, dürfen vorhanden sein.

Fermetures et stores - Confort thermique et lumineux - Méthodes d'essai et de calcul

Cette Norme européenne définit les méthodes d'essai et de calcul permettant la détermination des caractéristiques de réflexion et de transmission à utiliser pour déterminer les classes de performance de confort thermique et lumineux des stores extérieurs, des stores intérieurs et des fermetures pour baies équipées de fenêtres, telles que spécifiées dans le prEN 14501:2018.
Cette Norme européenne spécifie également la méthode permettant de déterminer les performances d'assombrissement des stores extérieurs, des stores intérieurs et des fermetures pour baies équipées de fenêtres, telles que spécifiées dans le prEN 14501:2018.
Cette Norme européenne s'applique à l'ensemble des fermetures, stores extérieurs et stores intérieurs définis dans l'EN 12216, décrits comme dispositifs de protection solaire dans la présente Norme européenne. Certaines caractéristiques (par exemple gtot) ne sont pas applicables lorsque les produits ne sont pas parallèles au vitrage (par exemple, les stores bannes).
NOTE 1   L'Annexe D informative présente une approche pour la détermination des caractéristiques dans le cas de produits projetables.
Les produits rétroréfléchissants ne relèvent pas du domaine d'application de la présente Norme européenne en ce qui concerne les mesures du facteur de réflexion.
NOTE 2   Les produits rétroréfléchissants se réfèrent aux produits pour lesquels le rayonnement réfléchi est renvoyé vers la source de lumière dans la même direction.
Les produits qui utilisent une quantité significative de matériaux fluorescents ne relèvent pas du domaine d'application de la présente Norme européenne.
NOTE 3   Le terme « quantité significative » se rapporte à des matériaux conçus pour être fluorescents ou rétroréfléchissants et commercialisés en tant que tels. Elle ne se rapporte pas à de très faibles quantités de matériaux présentant une fluorescence, par exemple à des fins de coloration ou d'identification. Il peut y avoir des petites quantités de matériaux tels que le dioxyde de titane qui ne sont pas destinés à obtenir une fluorescence.

Rolete in polkna - Toplotno in vizualno ugodje - Preskus in računske metode

General Information

• Status: Published
• Public Enquiry End Date: 24-Jul-2018
• Publication Date: 18-May-2021
• ICS: 91.060.50 - Doors and windows
• Technical Committee: ISTP - Doors and windows
• Current Stage: 6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 22-Mar-2021
• Due Date: 27-May-2021
• Completion Date: 19-May-2021
• Ref Project: EN 14500:2021 - Blinds and shutters - Thermal and visual comfort - Test and calculation methods

Relations

• Replaces: SIST EN 14500:2008 - Blinds and shutters - Thermal and visual comfort - Test and calculation methods
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2021

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 14500:2021
01-julij-2021
Nadomešča:
SIST EN 14500:2008
Rolete in polkna - Toplotno in vizualno ugodje - Preskus in računske metode
Blinds and shutters - Thermal and visual comfort - Test and calculation methods
Abschlüsse - Thermischer und visueller Komfort - Prüf- und Berechungsverfahren
Fermetures et stores - Confort thermique et lumineux - Méthodes d'essai et de calcul
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 14500:2021
ICS:
91.060.50 Vrata in okna Doors and windows
SIST EN 14500:2021 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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SIST EN 14500:2021

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SIST EN 14500:2021


EN 14500
EUROPEAN STANDARD

NORME EUROPÉENNE

March 2021
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 91.060.50 Supersedes EN 14500:2008
English Version

Blinds and shutters - Thermal and visual comfort - Test
and calculation methods
Fermetures et stores - Confort thermique et lumineux - Abschlüsse - Thermischer und visueller Komfort - Prüf-
Méthodes d'essai et de calcul und Berechungsverfahren
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 21 October 2019.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.





EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2021 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 14500:2021 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

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SIST EN 14500:2021
EN 14500:2021 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 5
Introduction . 6
1 Scope . 7
2 Normative references . 7
3 Terms and definitions . 8
3.1 Processes . 8
3.2 Characteristics . 9
3.3 Angle definitions . 10
4 Notations used . 12
4.1 General . 12
4.2 Visual or solar properties . 13
4.3 Geometry of the radiation . 13
4.4 Optical factors . 15
5 Test and calculation methods to be used according to product - Guidelines . 15
5.1 General . 15
5.2 Venetian blinds and louvres. 16
5.3 Roller blinds . 16
5.4 Pleated blinds . 16
5.5 Projecting awnings . 16
5.6 Shutters . 16
6 Determination of transmittance and reflectance with an integrating sphere . 17
6.1 Measurement principles . 17
6.1.1 Spectral and integral methods . 17
6.1.2 Absolute and relative measurements (according to CIE 130) . 17
6.2 Measuring equipment . 18
6.2.1 General . 18
6.2.2 Equipment for irradiation . 18
6.2.3 Equipment for detection . 22
6.3 Reference samples . 25
6.4 Test samples . 26
6.4.1 General . 26
6.4.2 Samples with directional features . 26
6.4.3 Samples with scattering properties . 26
6.4.4 Thick translucent samples . 26
6.5 Measurement procedures . 27
6.5.1 General . 27
6.5.2 Warm-up. 27
6.5.3 Preliminary checks of the samples . 28
6.5.4 Test method A – Single beam integrating sphere (substitution method) . 31
6.5.5 Test method B – “Quasi-simultaneous” double beam integrating sphere . 37
6.5.6 Test method C - “Sequential” double-beam integrating sphere . 45
7 Determination of τ and τ from direct measurement . 50
n-n dir-dir
7.1 Measurement principle . 50
7.2 Measuring equipment . 50
7.2.1 General . 50
7.2.2 Equipment for irradiation . 50
7.2.3 Equipment for detection . 50
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EN 14500:2021 (E)
7.2.4 Equipment for accurate positioning of the optical components and sample . 50
7.3 Test samples . 51
7.4 Measurement procedure . 51
7.4.1 Determination of τ . 51
n-n
7.4.2 Determination of τ . 54
dir-dir
8 Determination of the cut-off angle . 55
8.1 General . 55
8.2 Measurement of a directional cut-off angles χ (φ), for a specific rotation angle φ . 56
dir
8.3 Determination of all directional cut-off angles χ . 57
dir
8.4 Determination of the cut-off angle χ . 58
9 Determination of darkening performance of solar protection devices and opacity
performance of curtain materials . 58
9.1 General . 58
9.2 Qualification of the observer and testing conditions . 58
9.3 Samples . 59
9.4 Test equipment. 59
9.4.1 General . 59
9.4.2 Area 1 – Illumination of the sample . 60
9.4.3 Area 2 – Observation of the sample . 61
9.5 Test procedure . 62
9.5.1 Curtain material testing . 62
9.5.2 Product testing . 63
10 Calculation of the diffuse hemispherical transmittance τ . 64
dif-h
10.1 Fabrics and other products with rotationally symmetric transmittance . 64
10.2 Venetian blinds and other products with transmittance with profile angle symmetry . 64
11 Test report . 65
Annex A (informative) Examples of test equipment for darkening and opacity characteristics
determination . 66
A.1 General . 66
A.2 Example 1 . 66
A.3 Example 2 . 68
Annex B (informative) Determination of openness coefficient . 70
B.1 Method for fabrics made from opaque material . 70
B.2 Method for venetian blinds . 70
Annex C (informative) Determination of infrared properties . 71
C.1 General . 71
C.2 Determination . 71
Annex D (informative) Approach in case of projecting solar protection devices. 74
D.1 General . 74
D.2 Detailed model. 74
D.3 Simplified approach for summer . 76
D.4 Examples of calculation . 76
Annex E (informative) Decision tree for critical samples . 80
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Annex F (informative) Additional information for venetian blinds and louvres . 81
F.1 Venetian blinds . 81
F.2 Louvres . 83
Annex G (informative) Additional information for shutters . 84
Bibliography . 85

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SIST EN 14500:2021
EN 14500:2021 (E)
European foreword
This document (EN 14500:2021) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 33 “Doors,
windows, shutters, building hardware and curtain walling”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2021, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by September 2021.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN 14500:2008.
The main modifications of this project of revision are relating to:
— the improvement of the method for the determination of the optical properties with an integrating
sphere. The major improvement concerns the consideration of samples with scattering properties
(critical samples). This implied the definition of specific requirements relating to the geometry of the
test equipment and a methodology to identify if a sample is critical or not;
— the addition of a new method for the determination of the optical properties from direct
measurement (without integrating sphere);
— the addition of a method for the determination of the cut-off angle;
— the improvement of the method for the determination of the darkening performance of curtain
materials and complete products, including a method to qualify both the test equipment and the
observer.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland,
Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North
Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United
Kingdom.
5

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SIST EN 14500:2021
EN 14500:2021 (E)
Introduction
This document is part of a series of standards dealing with blinds and shutters for buildings as defined in
EN 12216.
6

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EN 14500:2021 (E)
1 Scope
This document defines test and calculation methods for the determination of the reflection and
transmission characteristics to be used to determine the thermal and visual comfort performance classes
of external blinds, internal blinds and shutters, as specified in EN 14501:2021.
This document also specifies the method to determine the darkening performance of external blinds,
internal blinds and shutters, as specified in EN 14501:2021.
This document applies to the whole range of shutters, awnings and blinds defined in EN 12216, described
as solar protection devices in this document. Some of the characteristics (e.g. g ) are not applicable when
tot
products are not parallel to the glazing (e.g. folding-arm awnings).
NOTE 1 Informative Annex D presents an approach for the determination of characteristics in case of projectable
products.
Retro-reflecting products are outside the scope of this document for reflectance measurements.
NOTE 2 Retro-reflecting products refer to products for which the reflected radiation comes back to the light
source in the same direction.
Products using a significant amount of fluorescent are outside the scope of this document.
NOTE 3 “Significant amount” refers to materials which are designed to be fluorescent or retroreflective and
marketed as such. It does not refer to trace amounts of materials exhibiting fluorescence, e.g. for colour or
identification purposes. Small amounts of materials such as titanium dioxide, which are not primarily included to
achieve fluorescence, can be present.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 410, Glass in building — Determination of luminous and solar characteristics of glazing
EN 12216, Shutters, external blinds, internal blinds — Terminology, glossary and definitions
EN 14501:2021, Blinds and shutters — Thermal and visual comfort — Performance characteristics and
classification
EN ISO 52022-1, Energy performance of buildings — Thermal, solar and daylight properties of building
components and elements — Part 1: Simplified calculation method of the solar and daylight characteristics
for solar protection devices combined with glazing (ISO 52022-1)
EN ISO 52022-3:2017, Energy performance of buildings — Thermal, solar and daylight properties of
building components and elements — Part 3: Detailed calculation method of the solar and daylight
characteristics for solar protection devices combined with glazing (ISO 52022-3:2017)
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EN 14500:2021 (E)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 12216, EN 14501:2021 and the
following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
3.1 Processes
3.1.1
reflection
process by which radiation is returned by a surface or medium, without change of frequency of its
monochromatic components
The following sub-processes are defined herewith:
— specular (or directional or regular) reflection: reflection in accordance with the laws of geometrical
optics, without diffusion;
— diffuse reflection: reflection due to light scattering, in which, on the macroscopic scale, there is no
specular reflection;
— isotropic diffuse reflection: diffuse reflection in which the spatial distribution of the reflected
radiation is such that the radiance or luminance is the same in all directions in the hemisphere into
which the radiation is reflected
3.1.2
transmission
passage of radiation through a medium without change of frequency of its monochromatic components
The following sub-processes are defined herewith:
— directional (or direct-direct) transmission: transmission in accordance with the laws of geometrical
optics, without diffusion or redirection;
— diffuse transmission: transmission due to light scattering, in which, on the macroscopic scale, there
is no direct transmission;
— isotropic diffuse transmission: diffuse transmission in which the spatial distribution of the
transmitted radiation is such that the radiance or luminance is the same in all directions in the
hemisphere into which the radiation is transmitted
3.1.3
absorption
process by which radiant energy is converted to a different form of energy (e.g. heat) by interaction with
matter
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3.2 Characteristics
3.2.1
reflectance
ρ
ratio of the reflected flux to the incident flux
The following sub-characteristics are defined:
— directional-directional (or direct-direct) reflectance: ratio of the specularly reflected flux to the
directional incident flux;
— directional-diffuse reflectance: ratio of the diffusely reflected flux to the directional incident flux;
— directional-hemispherical (or total) reflectance: ratio of the total reflected flux to the directional
incident flux;
— diffuse-hemispherical reflectance: ratio of the total reflected flux to the ideally diffuse incident flux.
Ideally diffuse irradiation means that the radiance or the luminance is equal for the whole
hemisphere of the incident irradiation
3.2.2
transmittance
τ
ratio of the transmitted flux to the incident flux
The following sub-characteristics are defined:
— directional-directional transmittance: ratio of the directly transmitted flux to the directional incident
flux;
— directional-diffuse transmittance: ratio of the diffusely transmitted flux to the directional incident
flux;
— directional-hemispherical transmittance: ratio of the total transmitted flux to the directional incident
flux;
— diffuse-hemispherical transmittance: ratio of the total transmitted flux to the ideally diffuse incident
flux. Ideally diffuse irradiation means that the radiance or the luminance is equal for the whole
hemisphere of the incident irradiation
3.2.3
absorptance
α
ratio of the absorbed flux to the incident flux
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EN 14500:2021 (E)
3.3 Angle definitions
All the following angles are defined in a coordinate system which is fixed relative to the orientation of the
solar protection device.
3.3.1
angle of incidence
θ
angle between the normal to the plane of the solar protection device and the direction of the incident
radiation
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 1.
3.3.2
altitude angle

αs
projection of the angle of incidence on the vertical plane which contains the direction of the incident
radiation
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 1.
3.3.3
azimuth angle
γ
projection of the angle of incidence on a plane which is normal to the plane of the solar protection device
Note 1 to entry: The intersection of this projection plane and the plane of the solar protection device is horizontal.
Note 2 to entry: See Figure 1.
3.3.4
profile angle
α
p
projection of the altitude angle on a vertical plane which is perpendicular to the façade under
consideration
Note 1 to entry: The profile angle is given by the following formula: tg α = tg α / cos γ
p s
Note 2 to entry: See Figure 1.
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EN 14500:2021 (E)

Key
1 direction of the incident radiation
2 vertical plane normal to the solar protection device
3 projected direction of the incident radiation
4 direction normal to the solar protection device
5 altitude angle α (angle in the vertical plane)
s
6 azimuth angle γ (angle in the horizontal plane)
7 profile angle αp
8 angle of incidence θ
9 solar protection device
Figure 1 — Angle definitions
3.3.5
directional cut-off angle χ
dir
minimum angle of incidence, within a given plane normal to the solar protection device, at which the
is below a defined level
direct-direct transmittance τdir-dir
3.3.6
cut-off angle χ
maximum directional cut-off angle χ , taking into account any plane normal to the solar protection
dir
device
Note 1 to entry: The maximum directional cut-off angle is described as “first angle” in EN 14501:2021.
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3.3.7
rotation angle φ
within the plane of the sample, angle of rotation of the sample from the reference arrow defined
conventionally by the supplier of the sample
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 2 and 7.4.2.

Key
1 test sample
2 reference arrow
3 upright position of the sample at the test equipment
Figure 2 — Rotation angle
4 Notations used
4.1 General
For the purpose of this document, the optical factors τ (transmittance), ρ (reflectance) and α
(absorptance) are labelled with subscripts which indicate:
— the visual or solar properties;
— the geometry of the incident and the transmitted or reflected radiation.
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4.2 Visual or solar properties
According to the respective spectrum, the following subscripts are used:
— “e” solar (energetic) characteristics, given for the total solar spectrum (wavelengths λ from 300 nm
to 2 500 nm), according to EN 410;
— “v” visual characteristics, given for the standard illuminant D weighted with the sensitivity of the
65
human eye (wavelengths λ from 380 nm to 780 nm), according to EN 410.
4.3 Geometry of the radiation
The following subscripts are used to indicate the geometry of the incident radiation (see Figure 3):
— « dir » for directional (parallel beam radiation with arbitrary direction θ);
— « n » for normal (parallel beam radiation with normal incidence θ = 0° or near normal in case of
reflected radiation θ ≤ 8°);
— « dif » for diffuse (radiation evenly distributed from all in
...