SIST-TS CEN/TS 1071-7:2005
(Main)Advanced technical ceramics - Methods of test for ceramic coatings - Part 7: Determination of hardness and Young's modulus by instrumented indentation testing
Advanced technical ceramics - Methods of test for ceramic coatings - Part 7: Determination of hardness and Young's modulus by instrumented indentation testing
Migrated from Progress Sheet (TC Comment) (2000-07-10): Result of the merging of WIs 121 and 132 (TC Res 13/1999) (CC/000203) ++ TC agrees to modify the ENV into new deliverable CEN/TS (CC/011211)
Hochleistungskeramik - Verfahren zur Prüfung keramischer Schichten - Teil 7: Bestimmung der Härte und des Elastizitätsmoduls durch instrumentierte Eindringprüfung
1.1 Dieser Teil von ENV 1071 legt ein Verfahren zur Messung der Härte und des Elastizitätsmoduls keramischer Schichten durch instrumentierte Eindringprüfung (en.: Instrumented Indentation Testing - IIT) fest, bei denen Geräte zum Einsatz kommen, die während des Eindringvorganges Kraft und Eindringtiefe als Funktion der Zeit zu messen in der Lage sind. Zu dieser Klasse gehören Geräte, die früher als �Eindringtiefen-Messsysteme"
(en.: Depth Sensing Indenter - DSI) und �Mechanische Mikrosonden" bezeichnet wurden.
1.2 Das Verfahren ist auf die Untersuchung einzelner Schichten beschränkt, wenn der Eindringkörper senkrecht auf die Probekörperoberfläche auftrifft; es können aber auch abgestufte und mehrlagige Schichten im Querschnitt gemessen werden, sofern die Dicke der einzelnen Lagen oder Abstufungen größer als das Auflösungsvermögen des Eindringvorganges ist. Letzteres hängt von der Konstruktion des Gerätes ab und wird durch die Empfindlichkeit bei der Messung der Eindringkörper-Verschiebung und die Präzision der Anordnung der Eindrücke bestimmt.
Céramiques techniques avancées - Méthodes d'essai pour revetements céramiques - Partie 7: Détermination de la dureté et du module de Young par essai de pénétration instrumenté
Sodobna tehnična keramika - Metode za preskušanje keramičnih prevlek – 7. del: Določanje trdote in modul elastičnosti (Youngov modul) z instrumentiranim vtiskanjem
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-januar-2005
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Advanced technical ceramics - Methods of test for ceramic coatings - Part 7:
Determination of hardness and Young's modulus by instrumented indentation testing
Hochleistungskeramik - Verfahren zur Prüfung keramischer Schichten - Teil 7:
Bestimmung der Härte und des Elastizitätsmoduls durch instrumentierte Eindringprüfung
Céramiques techniques avancées - Méthodes d'essai pour revetements céramiques -
Partie 7: Détermination de la dureté et du module de Young par essai de pénétration
instrumenté
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN/TS 1071-7:2003
ICS:
25.220.99 Druge obdelave in prevleke Other treatments and
coatings
81.060.30 Sodobna keramika Advanced ceramics
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
CEN/TS 1071-7
SPÉCIFICATION TECHNIQUE
TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION
July 2003
ICS 81.060.30
English version
Advanced technical ceramics - Methods of test for ceramic coatings -
Part 7: Determination of hardness and Young's modulus by
instrumented indentation testing
Hochleistungskeramik – Verfahren zur Prüfung Céramiques techniques avancées – Méthodes d’essai pour
keramischer Schichten – Teil 7: Bestimmung der Härte und revêtements céramiques – Partie 7: Détermination de la
des Elastizitätsmoduls durch instrumentierte dureté et du module de Young par essai de pénétration
Eindringprüfung instrumenté
This Technical Specification (CEN/TS) was approved by CEN on 19 January 2003 for provisional application.
The period of validity of this CEN/TS is limited initially to three years. After two years the members of CEN will be requested to submit their
comments, particularly on the question whether the CEN/TS can be converted into a European Standard.
CEN members are required to announce the existence of this CEN/TS in the same way as for an EN and to make the CEN/TS available. It
is permissible to keep conflicting national standards in force (in parallel to the CEN/TS) until the final decision about the possible
conversion of the CEN/TS into an EN is reached.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United
Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
© 2002 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN/TS 1071-7:2003 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
Foreword. 3
Introduction . 4
1 Scope . 4
2 Normative references . 4
3 Terms and definitions. 5
4 Apparatus and materials. 6
5 Preparation of test specimen. 7
5.1 General. 7
5.2 Surface roughness . 7
5.3 Polishing. 7
5.4 Surface cleanliness . 8
6 Test procedure . 8
6.1 Calibration of instrument and indenters . 8
6.2 Test piece. 8
6.3 Test conditions . 8
6.4 Measurement. 9
7 Data analysis and evaluation of results . 9
7.1 Composite properties. 9
7.2 Evaluation of coating hardness and modulus from in-plan indentation data:. 10
8 Test report . 11
Annex A (informative) Instrumented Indentation Testing (IIT) . 16
A.1 Principles of IIT . 16
A.2 Instrument calibration procedures. 17
A.2.1 General. 17
A.2.2 Force and displacement. 17
A.2.3 Instrument frame stiffness and indenter area function . 17
A.3 Determination of the zero point. 22
A.4 Analysis Method . 24
A.4.1 Introduction . 24
A.4.2 Determination of contact depth. 24
Annex B (informative) Indenter cleaning procedure. 29
Bibliography . 30
Foreword
This document (CEN/TS 1071-7:2003) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 184 “Advanced
technical ceramics”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to announce this Technical Specification: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
EN 1071 'Advanced technical ceramics - Methods of test for ceramic coatings' consists of 11 Parts:
Part 1: Determination of coating thickness by contact probe profilometer
Part 2: Determination of coating thickness by the crater grinding method
Part 3: Determination of adhesion and other mechanical failure modes by a scratch test
Part 4: Determination of chemical composition
Part 5: Determination of porosity
Part 6: Determination of the abrasion resistance of coatings by a micro-abrasion wear test
Part 7: Determination of hardness and Young's modulus by instrumented indentation testing
Part 8: Determination of adhesion by the Rockwell indentation test
Part 9: Determination of fracture strain
Part 10: Determination of coating thickness by cross section
Part 11: Determination of internal stress by the Stoney formula
Parts 7 to 11 are Technical Specifications.
This Technical Specification includes informative annexes A and B and a bibliography.
Introduction
The hardness and Young’s modulus of a ceramic coating are critical factors determining the performance of
the coated product. Indeed many coatings are specifically developed to provide wear resistance that is
usually conferred by their high hardness. Measurement of coating hardness is often used as a quality control
check. Young’s modulus becomes important when calculation of the stress in a coating is required in the
design of coated components. For example, the extent to which coated components can withstand external
applied loads is an important property in the application of any coated system.
It is relatively straightforward to determine the hardness and Young’s modulus of bulk materials using
instrumented indentation, However, when measurements are made normal to a coated surface, depending on
the load applied and the thickness of the coating, the substrate properties can influence the result. The
purpose of this Technical Specification is to provide guidelines for conditions where there is no significant
influence of the substrate, and, where such influence is detected, to provide possible analytical methods to
enable the coating properties to be extracted from the composite measurement. In some cases the coating
property can be determined directly from measurements on a cross-section.
Currently no standards exists to define usage of instrumented indentation testing of bulk materials, so that the
operating principles and calibration of the instruments used is described in annex A. ISO 14577 Parts 1-3 are
being drafted which cover instrumented indentation testing for the entire range from macro through micro- to
nano-indentation experiments for bulk materials. The procedures detailed in Annex A complement those in
the ISO standards, but place more emphasis on the nano/micro range applicable to thin coatings.
1 Scope
1.1 This part of EN 1071 describes a method of measuring hardness and Young’s modulus of ceramic
coatings by means of Instrumented Indentation Testing (IIT) using instruments capable of measuring force
and displacement as a function of time during the indentation process. This class of instruments includes
instruments previously known as “Depth Sensing Indenters, DSI” and “Mechanical Microprobes.”
1.2 The method is limited to the examination of single layers when the indentation is carried out normal to
the test piece surface, but graded and multilayer coatings can also be measured in cross-section if the
thickness of the individual layers or gradations is greater than the spatial resolution of the indentation process.
The latter is dependent upon instrument design and is determined by the displacement sensitivity and the
precision of location of the indents.
2 Normative references
This Technical Specification incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications.
These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed
hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to
this Technical Specification only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references
the latest edition of the publication referred to applies (including amendments).
EN ISO 17025: General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories (ISO/IEC
17025:1999).
ASTM D-1474 Indentation Hardness of Organic Coatings.
ASTM B578-87 Microhardness Testing of Electroplated Coatings (reapproved 1993). NR
ISO/DIS 14577-1 Instrumented Indentation Test for Hardness and Materials Parameters - Part 1: Test
Method.
ISO/DIS 14577-2 Instrumented Indentation Test for Hardness and Materials Parameters - Part 2: Verification
and Calibration of Test Machines.
ISO/DIS 14577-3 Instrumented Indentation Test for Hardness and Materials Parameters - Part 3: Calibration
of Reference Blocks.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this Technical Specification, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
hardness, H
resistance to permanent deformation
EXAMPLE resistance to fracture damage is generally conferred by higher toughness and ductility, or lower H.
NOTE 1 With IIT, equation (1) in A.1.1 defines hardness as the maximum force, in Newtons, divided by the projected
contact area (cross-section), in square metres, that the indenter makes with the test piece at maximum force and thus has
the units of Pa. This definition is in accord with that generally agreed and first proposed by Meyer [27], and it should be
observed that the projected contact area is assumed to remain constant during elastic unloading. (see Figures A.1 and
A.2). This is an approximation and refinements to this approach are being developed [1].
NOTE 2 The term Martens Hardness, HM, (previously Universal Hardness) has been recently agreed to describe the
total deformation during indentation and is the maximum force divided by the surface area of the indenter penetrating
beyond the initial surface of the test piece at maximum force. T
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