SIST-TS CEN/TS 12977-5:2010
(Main)Thermal solar systems and components - Custom built systems - Part 5: Performance test methods for control equipment
Thermal solar systems and components - Custom built systems - Part 5: Performance test methods for control equipment
This Technical Specification specifies performance test methods for control equipment Furthermore this document contains requirements on accuracy, durability and reliability of control equipment.
Thermische Solaranlagen und ihre Bauteile - Kundenspezifisch gefertigte Anlagen - Teil 5: Prüfmethoden für Regeleinrichtungen
fest. Darüber hinaus enthält das vorliegende Dokument Anforderungen an die Genauigkeit, die Dauerhaftigkeit
und die Zuverlässigkeit von Regeleinrichtungen.
Die in dem vorliegenden Dokument beschriebenen Prüfungen sind auf die vom Endlieferanten mit der oder für
die Anlage gelieferten Bauteile begrenzt. Für die Anwendung des vorliegenden Dokuments sind Regler,
Reglerzubehör und Regeleinrichtungen für solare Heizungsanlagen und Zusatzheizungen, sofern diese
Bestandteil der Anlage sind, beschränkt auf:
Installations solaires thermiques et leurs composants - Installations assemblées à façon - Partie 5 : Exigences générales
La présente spécification technique spécifie les méthodes d’essai de performances des systèmes de
régulation. Par ailleurs, le présent document comporte des exigences relatives à la précision, à la durabilité et
à la fiabilité des systèmes de régulation.
Les essais décrits sont limités aux composants fournis avec ou pour l’installation par le fournisseur final. Pour
les besoins du présent document, le régulateur et les systèmes de régulation des installations de chauffage
solaire et des appareils de chauffage d’appoint, s’ils sont intégrés à l’installation, sont limités aux :
a) régulateurs tels que
1) les horloges, temporisateurs et compteurs de l’installation,
2) les thermostats différentiels,
3) les régulateurs multifonctionnels ;
b) capteurs tels que
1) les capteurs de température,
2) les capteurs d’éclairement énergétique (pour le rayonnement à onde courte),
3) les capteurs de pression,
4) les capteurs de niveau,
5) les débitmètres, ou
6) les compteurs de chaleur ;
c) actionneurs tels que
1) les pompes,
2) les électrovannes et vannes motorisées, ou
3) les relais.
Ainsi que les combinaisons des régulateurs, des capteurs et des actionneurs énumérés ci-dessus.
Les procédures décrites dans le présent document ont également pour objet de vérifier les algorithmes de
régulation et, avec la précision des capteurs, de déterminer les paramètres de régulation. Outre les résultats
de la vérification du fonctionnement d’un régulateur, de ses équipements et actionneurs, les paramètres
déterminés peuvent être utilisés pour des simulations numériques de l’installation.
Les anodes électriques types ne font pas partie du système de régulation et ne sont pas contrôlées par le
système de régulation. Cependant, du fait qu’elles constituent un appareil électrique, les anodes électriques
sont incluses dans le présent document.
Toplotni sončni sistemi in sestavni deli - Neserijsko izdelani sistemi - 5. del: Preskusne metode delovanja kontrolnih naprav
Ta tehnična specifikacija opredeljuje preskusne metode delovanja kontrolnih naprav. Nadalje ta dokument vsebuje zahteve glede natančnosti, trajnosti in zanesljivosti kontrolnih naprav.
General Information
Relations
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST-TS CEN/TS 12977-5:2010
01-september-2010
7RSORWQLVRQþQLVLVWHPLLQVHVWDYQLGHOL1HVHULMVNRL]GHODQLVLVWHPLGHO
3UHVNXVQHPHWRGHGHORYDQMDNRQWUROQLKQDSUDY
Thermal solar systems and components - Custom built systems - Part 5: Performance
test methods for control equipment
Thermische Solaranlagen und ihre Bauteile - Kundenspezifisch gefertigte Anlagen - Teil
5: Prüfmethoden für Regeleinrichtungen
Installations solaires thermiques et leurs composants - Installations assemblées à façon -
Partie 5 : Exigences générales
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN/TS 12977-5:2010
ICS:
27.160 6RQþQDHQHUJLMD Solar energy engineering
91.140.10 Sistemi centralnega Central heating systems
ogrevanja
91.140.65 Oprema za ogrevanje vode Water heating equipment
SIST-TS CEN/TS 12977-5:2010 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST-TS CEN/TS 12977-5:2010
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SIST-TS CEN/TS 12977-5:2010
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
CEN/TS 12977-5
SPÉCIFICATION TECHNIQUE
TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION
April 2010
ICS 27.160
English Version
Thermal solar systems and components - Custom built systems
- Part 5: Performance test methods for control equipment
Installations solaires thermiques et leurs composants - Thermische Solaranlagen und ihre Bauteile -
Installations personnalisées - Partie 5 : Méthodes d'essai Kundenspezifisch gefertigte Anlagen - Teil 5: Prüfmethoden
de performances des systèmes de régulation von Regeleinrichtungen
This Technical Specification (CEN/TS) was approved by CEN on 9 September 2008 for provisional application.
The period of validity of this CEN/TS is limited initially to three years. After two years the members of CEN will be requested to submit their
comments, particularly on the question whether the CEN/TS can be converted into a European Standard.
CEN members are required to announce the existence of this CEN/TS in the same way as for an EN and to make the CEN/TS available
promptly at national level in an appropriate form. It is permissible to keep conflicting national standards in force (in parallel to the CEN/TS)
until the final decision about the possible conversion of the CEN/TS into an EN is reached.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2010 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN/TS 12977-5:2010: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST-TS CEN/TS 12977-5:2010
CEN/TS 12977-5:2010 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword .4
Introduction .5
1 Scope .6
2 Normative references .7
3 Terms and definitions .8
4 Symbols and abbreviations .8
5 Controller classification (including equipment classification) .9
5.1 Controller .9
5.2 Sensor .9
5.3 Actuator . 10
6 Requirements . 11
6.1 General requirements . 11
6.2 Controllers, system clocks, timers and counters . 12
6.3 Sensors . 12
6.4 Indicators . 15
6.5 Actuators . 15
6.6 Initial operation and commissioning . 16
6.7 Documentation . 16
7 Testing of Sensors. 16
7.1 Testing of temperature sensors . 17
7.2 Testing of solar irradiance sensors . 21
7.3 Testing of further sensors and measuring equipment . 25
8 Testing of system clocks, timers and counters . 25
8.1 General . 25
8.2 Test equipment . 25
8.3 Installation of system clocks, timers and counters . 26
8.4 Test procedure . 26
8.5 Data processing and evaluation . 27
9 Function testing of simple differential thermostats . 27
9.1 General . 27
9.2 Test equipment . 27
9.3 Installation of differential thermostats and/or sensors . 29
9.4 Test procedure . 29
10 Function testing of multi-function controllers . 31
10.1 General . 31
10.2 Intellectual property of the manufacturer . 31
10.3 Principle of multi-function controller testing . 32
10.4 Test facility for multi-function controller testing . 32
10.5 Preliminary steps when using a test facility provided with an input/output emulator . 34
10.6 Test procedure . 37
10.7 Data acquisition and processing . 39
11 Testing of actuators and additional control equipment . 40
11.1 General . 40
11.2 Determination of the electric power consumption of actuators and further components . 40
11.3 Measuring the electric power of pumps with varying power consumption . 40
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CEN/TS 12977-5:2010 (E)
12 Documentation . 40
12.1 General . 40
12.2 Marking . 40
12.3 Information for the installer, assembly and installation . 41
12.4 Information for the user, operation and maintenance . 41
13 Test report . 42
Annex A (informative) Testing the mains voltage dependence of control equipment . 43
A.1 General . 43
A.2 Test equipment . 43
A.3 Test procedure . 43
A.4 Data processing . 44
Bibliography . 45
Figures
Figure 1 — Elevation of an oven-arrangement to test temperature sensor accuracy, high-temperature
resistance and differential thermostat functions . 18
Figure 2 — Example of a simulation box for testing differential thermostats of solar heating systems 28
Figure 3 — Schematic of a controller test facility including an input/output emulator . 34
Figure 4 — Flow chart of preliminary steps when using a test facility provided with an input/output
emulator according to Figure 3 . 35
Tables
Table 1 — Classification of controllers for solar heating systems . 9
Table 2 — Common sensors for solar heating systems . 10
Table 3 — Most common actuators for solar heating systems . 10
Table 4 — Accuracy of system clocks, timers and counters . 12
Table 5 — Accuracy requirements of temperature sensors for solar heating systems . 13
Table 6 — Requirements of high-temperature resistance of temperature sensors . 13
Table 7 — Climate test conditions for solar irradiance sensors capability to resist to high irradiance . 14
Table 8 — Climate test conditions for solar irradiance sensors capability to resist to high surrounding
temperatures . 14
Table 9 — Accuracy requirements for solar irradiance sensors . 14
Table 10 — Total maximum electrical power of the pump(s) . 15
Table 11 — Temperatures to be used for the accuracy test . 20
Table 12 — Minimum climate test conditions for exposure and for external shock test . 23
Table 13 — Irradiance levels to test the accuracy of solar irradiance sensors . 24
Table 14 — Examples of control algorithms with the corresponding test sequences for multi-function
controllers . 38
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SIST-TS CEN/TS 12977-5:2010
CEN/TS 12977-5:2010 (E)
Foreword
This document (CEN/TS 12977-5:2010) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 312 “Thermal
solar systems and components”, the secretariat of which is held by ELOT.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to announce this Technical Specification: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus,
Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,
Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia,
Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
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CEN/TS 12977-5:2010 (E)
Introduction
One purpose of this document is to define how to check that a controller is behaving as it is intended when in
combination with associated equipment (e.g. sensors, pumps and other actuators). In addition, function testing
of differential thermostats and so-called "multi-function" controllers are described in order to determine switch
on and switch off temperature differentials as well as control algorithms where dependent on temperature
differences, temperature levels or operating conditions of the system. For all functions and operations it
should be tested and documented, whether the controller and control equipment comply with the
manufacturer's guidance.
In addition, the capability for all sensors to resist extreme operating conditions and to determine any
significant drift in accuracy caused by this should be tested. The energy consumption of the controller and the
associated control equipment should be documented, e.g. actuators.
Performance predictions for the associated system that the control equipment belongs to are considered. For
the determination of the component parameters according to the CTSS method, as specified in
CEN/TS 12977-2, a detailed investigation of all relevant algorithms, features and parameters controlling the
system is relevant.
NOTE The most widely used control equipment for solar heating systems is described in CEN/TS 12977-5. For
control equipment not widely used in solar heating systems or auxiliary heaters, if part of the system, accompanying
standards should be applied.
In respect of potential adverse effects human health or life (e.g. drinking water quality) caused by the products
covered by CEN TS 12977-5 it should be noted that:
this document provides no information as to whether the product may be used without restriction in any of
the Member States of the EU or EFTA;
while awaiting the adoption of verifiable European criteria, existing national regulations concerning the
use and/or the characteristics of this product remain in force.
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SIST-TS CEN/TS 12977-5:2010
CEN/TS 12977-5:2010 (E)
1 Scope
This Technical Specification specifies performance test methods for control equipment. Furthermore this
document contains requirements on accuracy, durability and reliability of control equipment.
The tests described in this document are limited to components delivered with or for the system by the final
supplier. For the purposes of this document controller and control equipment for solar heating systems and
auxiliary heaters, if part of the system, are restricted to:
a) controllers as:
1) system clocks, timers and counters;
2) differential thermostats;
3) multi-function controllers;
b) sensors as:
1) temperature sensors;
2) irradiance sensors (for short wave radiation);
3) pressure sensors;
4) level sensors;
5) flow meters; or
6) heat meters;
c) actuators as:
1) pumps;
2) solenoid and motor valves; or
3) relays.
Furthermore combinations of controllers, sensors and actuators listed above.
An additional objective of the procedures described in this document is to verify control algorithms and,
together with the accuracy of sensors, to determine control parameters. In addition to verifying the functioning
of a controller, its equipment and actuators, the determined parameters may be used for numerical system
simulations.
Typically electrical anodes are not part of the control equipment and are not controlled by the control
equipment. However, because they are electrical appliances, electrical anodes are included in this document.
This document is valid for control equipment of solar heating systems for the purpose of hot water preparation
and/or space heating. If the solar system is connected to or part of a conventional heating system, the validity
is extended to the entire system. In combination with the standards EN 12976-1, EN 12976-2 as well as
CEN/TS 12977-1, CEN/TS 12977-2, EN 12977-3 and CEN/TS 12977-4 this document is valid for:
d) factory made solar heating systems;
e) small custom built solar heating systems;
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CEN/TS 12977-5:2010 (E)
f) large custom built solar heating systems; and
g) auxiliary heater equipment used in connection with d), e) and f).
NOTE Factory Made and Custom Built solar heating systems.
EN 12976-1, EN 12976-2 as well as CEN/TS 12977-1, CEN/TS 12977-2, EN 12977-3, and CEN/TS 12977-4 distinguish
two categories of solar heating systems:
Factory Made solar heating systems; and
Custom Built solar heating systems.
As defined in CEN/TS 12977-1, the classification of a system as factory made or custom built is a choice of the final
supplier.
Custom Built solar heating systems are subdivided into two categories:
Small Custom Built systems offered by a company are described in a so-called assortment file, in which all
components and possible system configurations, marketed by the company, are specified;
Large Custom Built systems are uniquely designed for a specific situation.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 809, Pumps and pump units for liquids — Common safety requirements
EN 982, Safety of machinery — Safety requirements for fluid power systems and their components —
Hydraulics
EN 1151-1, Pumps — Rotodynamic pumps — Circulation pumps having a rated power input not exceeding
200 W for heating installations and domestic hot water installations — Part 1: Non-automatic circulation
pumps, requirements, testing, marking
EN 12975-2, Thermal solar systems and components — Solar collectors — Part 2: Test methods
EN 12976-1:2006, Thermal solar systems and components — Factory made systems — Part 1: General
requirements
CEN/TS 12977-1:2010, Thermal solar systems and components — Custom built systems — Part 1: General
requirements for solar water heaters and combisystems
EN 60255 (all parts), Electrical relays
EN 60335-1, Household and similar electrical appliances — Safety — Part 1: General requirements
(IEC 60335-1:2001, modified)
EN 60335-2-21, Household and similar electrical appliances — Safety — Part 2-21: Particular requirements
for storage water heaters (IEC 60335-2-21:2002, modified)
EN 60730 (all parts), Automatic electrical controls for household and similar use
EN ISO 9488:1999, Solar energy — Vocabulary (ISO 9488:1999)
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SIST-TS CEN/TS 12977-5:2010
CEN/TS 12977-5:2010 (E)
IEC 60038, IEC standard voltages
IEC 62305-3, Protection against lightning — Part 3: Physical damage to structures and life hazard
ISO 9060, Solar energy — Specification and classification of instruments for measuring hemispherical solar
and direct solar radiation
ISO 15218, Pneumatic fluid power — 3/2 solenoid valves — Mounting interface surfaces
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 12976-1:2006,
CEN/TS 12977-1:2010, EN ISO 9488:1999 and the following apply.
3.1
controller
device to control a solar heating system, sometimes in connection/combination with auxiliary heater(s)
NOTE For classification see Table 1.
3.2
sensor
device to measure physical (or chemical) qualities/properties
NOTE 1 With respect to solar heating systems, temperature, irradiance, flow/circulation, pressure and level sensors
are most common.
NOTE 2 For classification see Table 2.
3.3
actuator
component and device designed to perform actions to operate a solar heating system or auxiliary heating
system according to signals from the control equipment
NOTE For classification see Table 3.
3.4
reference device/measurement
device or measurement which control equipment under test or measured quantities are referred or compared
to
3.5
control equipment assortment
complete list of components (controller, sensors, actuators), which a company offers to control a solar heating
system, including auxiliary heater control equipment, if the auxiliary heater is part of the solar heating system
4 Symbols and abbreviations
G hemispherical solar irradiance in the plane of the radiation sensor, in watts per square metre;
reference temperature, in degrees Celsius;
ϑ
ref
surrounding air temperature, in degrees Celsius;
ϑ
amb
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CEN/TS 12977-5:2010 (E)
maximum (allowed) temperature of a temperature sensor, in degrees Celsius;
ϑ
max
ϑ temperature of the storage tank for heated water, in degrees Celsius;
tank
start temperature, e.g. of pump in solar collector circuit, in degrees Celsius;
ϑ
start
stop temperature, e.g. of pump in solar collector circuit, in degrees Celsius;
ϑ
stop
hysteresis, difference between ON- and OFF-temperature difference for switching an actuator,
∆ϑ
hyst
in kelvins;
v surrounding air speed, in metres per second;
air
t time, in seconds.
5 Controller classification (including equipment classification)
5.1 Controller
Control device designed to control a solar heating system, sometimes in connection/combination with auxiliary
heaters are classified according Table 1.
Table 1 — Classification of controllers for solar heating systems
Controller
C1 System clock, Timer and Counter
Controlling the operation of one or more actuators by means of real or relative time. Timers and
counters might be connected with different kinds of sensors influencing their behaviour by superposition
of the commands. Beside time intervals counter might count and sum up events or quantities.
C2 Differential thermostat
Control of one or more actuators by means of a temperature difference between two temperature
sensors. In most cases a hysteresis between switching ON and OFF is present. Differential controllers
are sometimes used with other signals, e.g. solar irradiation, pressure or level sensors.
C3 Multi-function controller
Controller designed to control one or more actuators based on measured quantities delivered by
different kinds of sensors, real time or relative time and/or control concepts including specific control
algorithms.
With regard to this document multi-function controllers are used to control and operate a solar heating
system, and may also control a combination of hot water preparation, space heating, heat distribution or
any kind of back-up heating. Multi-function controllers may use more than one differential algorithm in
one unit or at least one operation is caused by more than a simple differential algorithm.
If a device operates its output(s) depending on more than one (temperature) difference or not simply in
an ON/OFF mode, then a controller incorporating such differential algorithm (thermostat) should be
treated as a multi-function controller. If this is not the case the unit shall be treated as a differential
thermostat.
5.2 Sensor
Typical sensors used for controllers listed in Table 1 are summarized in Table 2.
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SIST-TS CEN/TS 12977-5:2010
CEN/TS 12977-5:2010 (E)
Table 2 — Common sensors for solar heating systems
Sensor
S1 Temperature sensor
Sensing of temperatures of different parts in the system. In connection with the electronic layout of a
controller or accessory measuring device determination of temperatures, e.g. in degrees Celsius.
S2 Irradiance sensor
Instrument measuring the hemispherical solar irradiance in the plane of the radiation sensor within a
spectral range of approx. 0,3 µm to 3 µm. To control a (solar) heating system irradiance sensors and
accessory control equipment might have special designs to meet the specific requirements to solar
energy utilization. With respect to this document both, irradiance sensors with thermoelectric sensor and
irradiance sensors based on the photoelectrical effect are included. Supplementary photocells or other
devices used to measure the solar irradiance are treated equate to solar irradiance sensor.
S3 Flow/circulation sensors
Sensing of the flow/circulation of a fluid. In connection with the electronic layout of a controller or
accessory measuring device determination of the volume and/or mass flow.
S4 Pressure sensor
Sensing of absolute or relative pressure. In connection with the electronic layout of a controller or
accessory measuring device determination of absolute pressure or pressure differences.
S5 Level sensor
Sensing of the level of a fluid within a vessel or a store.
NOTE 1 The controller or accessory-measuring devices shall enable the conversion of sensor signals to values
suitable to serve as control criterion for functioning and supervising of the system.
NOTE 2 Values serving as control criterion should be displayed by a control device or, at least, a read back of data
should be possible.
NOTE 3 If other physical quantities or conditions than listed under S1, S2, S3, S4 or S5 are measured, the use of
those sensors and the data processing might be in a similar manner to S1, S2, S3, S4 or S5.
5.3 Actuator
Table 3 gives a selection of the most common actuators that can be found in solar heating systems.
Table 3 — Most common actuators for solar heating systems
Actuator
A1 Pump
Device to circulate a heat transfer medium and/or water in a forced-circulation system, e.g. a collector
circuit, a circuit for space heating/cooling and/or hot water preparation.
A2 Solenoid and motor valve
Electric driven device to start and/or to stop flow/circulation as well as to join, divide and/or to divert
flow streams.
A3 Relay / Contactor
Device to connect and/or to switch electrical loads and/or actuators, e.g. when using a low level signal
(voltage and/or current) of a controller to start and stop a high voltage/power pump.
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SIST-TS CEN/TS 12977-5:2010
CEN/TS 12977-5:2010 (E)
6 Requirements
6.1 General requirements
6.1.1 Durability - Reliability
Any part of the control eq
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
kSIST-TS prCEN/TS 12977-5:2008
01-julij-2008
7RSORWQLVRQþQLVLVWHPLLQVHVWDYQLGHOL1HVHULMVNRL]GHODQLVLVWHPLGHO
3UHVNXVQHPHWRGHGHORYDQMDNRQWUROQLKQDSUDY
Thermal solar systems and components - Custom built systems - Part 5: Performance
test methods for control equipment
Thermische Solaranlagen und ihre Bauteile - Kundenspezifisch gefertigte Anlagen - Teil
5: Prüfmethoden für Regeleinrichtungen
Installations solaires thermiques et leurs composants - Installations assemblées à façon -
Partie 5 : Exigences générales
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prCEN/TS 12977-5
ICS:
27.160 6RQþQDHQHUJLMD Solar energy engineering
kSIST-TS prCEN/TS 12977-5:2008 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
FINAL DRAFT
prCEN/TS 12977-5
SPÉCIFICATION TECHNIQUE
TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION
May 2008
ICS 27.160
English Version
Thermal solar systems and components - Custom built systems
- Part 5: Performance test methods for control equipment
Installations solaires thermiques et leurs composants - Thermische Solaranlagen und ihre Bauteile -
Installations assemblées à façon - Partie 5 : Exigences Kundenspezifisch gefertigte Anlagen - Teil 5: Prüfmethoden
générales für Regeleinrichtungen
This draft Technical Specification is submitted to CEN members for Technical Committee Approval. It has been drawn up by the Technical
Committee CEN/TC 312.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
: This document is not a Technical Specification. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without notice
Warning
and shall not be referred to as a Technical Specification.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
© 2008 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prCEN/TS 12977-5:2008: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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prCEN/TS 12977-5:2008 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword.4
Introduction .5
1 Scope.6
2 Normative references.7
3 Terms and definitions .8
4 Symbols and abbreviations .9
5 Controller classification (including equipment classification) .9
5.1 Controller.9
5.2 Sensor.10
5.3 Actuator.11
6 Requirements.11
6.1 General requirements.11
6.1.1 Durability - Reliability .11
6.1.2 Electrical safety.11
6.1.3 Freeze damage protection .11
6.1.4 Scald protection.11
6.1.5 High temperature protection for materials and components.12
6.1.6 Lightning.12
6.2 Controllers, system clocks, timers and counters .12
6.2.1 Accuracy requirements for controllers .12
6.2.2 Accuracy requirements for system clocks, timers and counters.12
6.3 Sensors.13
6.3.1 Temperature sensors.13
6.3.2 Irradiance sensors.13
6.3.3 Other sensors.15
6.4 Indicators.15
6.5 Actuators.15
6.5.1 Circulation pumps.15
6.5.2 Solenoid and motor valves .16
6.5.3 Relays.16
6.6 Initial operation and commissioning .16
6.7 Documentation.16
7 Testing of Sensors.17
7.1 Testing of temperature sensors.17
7.1.1 Test Equipment.17
7.1.2 Installation of sensors.18
7.1.3 Testing of high-temperature resistance of temperature sensors.18
7.1.4 Testing of the accuracy of temperature sensors .19
7.2 Testing of solar irradiance sensors.21
7.2.1 Test equipment.21
7.2.2 Installation of sensors.21
7.2.3 Testing sensor resistance against extreme operation conditions.21
7.2.4 Testing of the accuracy of solar irradiance sensors .24
7.3 Testing of further sensors and measuring equipment .25
8 Testing of system clocks, timers and counters .25
8.1 Test equipment.25
8.2 Installation of system clocks, timers and counters .25
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8.3 Test procedure.26
8.4 Data processing and evaluation .26
8.4.1 General.26
8.4.2 System clocks and timers .27
8.4.3 Counters.27
9 Function testing of simple differential thermostats .27
9.1 Test equipment.27
9.1.1 Simulation box approach.27
9.1.2 Tempering device/temperature calibrators or calibration baths approach.28
9.1.3 Input/Output emulator approach .28
9.2 Installation of differential thermostats and/or sensors .28
9.2.1 General.28
9.2.2 Differential thermostats.29
9.2.3 Sensors.29
9.3 Test procedure.29
9.3.1 Test procedure, simulation box approach.29
9.3.2 Test procedure using tempering devices, temperature calibrators or calibration baths .30
10 Function testing of multi-function controllers .31
10.1 General.31
10.2 Intellectual property of the manufacturer .31
10.3 Principle of multi-function controller testing .31
10.4 Test facility for multi-function controller testing .31
10.4.1 Requirements for simulation of temperature sensors .32
10.4.2 Requirements on recording of controller response .32
10.4.3 Test facility with input/output emulator .32
10.5 Preliminary steps when using a test facility provided with an input/output emulator .33
10.5.1 Adaptation of the input/output emulator and testing/measuring devices.34
10.5.2 Wiring of controller, input/output emulator and test site computer .35
10.5.3 Setting of controller parameters.35
10.5.4 Calibration of the input/output emulator.35
10.6 Test procedure.36
10.6.1 Test sequences.36
10.7 Data acquisition and processing .38
10.7.1 Data acquisition.38
10.7.2 Data processing.38
11 Testing of actuators and additional control equipment.39
11.1 Determination of the electric power consumption of actuators and further components .39
11.2 Measuring the electric power of pumps with varying power consumption.39
12 Documentation.39
12.1 General.39
12.2 Marking.39
12.3 Information for the installer, assembly and installation.40
12.4 Information for the user, operation and maintenance.40
13 Test report.40
Annex A (informative) Testing the mains voltage dependence of control equipment.42
A.1 General.42
A.2 Test equipment.42
A.3 Test procedure.42
A.4 Data processing.43
Bibliography.44
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prCEN/TS 12977-5:2008 (E)
Foreword
This document (prCEN/TS 12977-5:2008) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 312 “Thermal
solar systems and components”, the secretariat of which is held by ELOT.
This document is currently submitted to the Technical Committee Approval.
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prCEN/TS 12977-5:2008 (E)
Introduction
One main purpose of this document is to define how to check whether a controller in combination with its
equipment (e. g. sensors, pumps and other actuators) is behaving as it is intended to do. In addition function
testing of differential thermostats and so-called “multi-function” controllers to determine starting and stopping
differentials and control algorithms depending on temperature differences, temperature levels and
operation/surroundings conditions of the system is described. For all functions and operations it shall be
tested and documented, whether the controller and control equipment comply with the manufacturer’s
guidance.
In addition the capability for all sensors to resist to extreme operating conditions and shift in accuracy caused
by this reason shall be tested. Supplementary the energy consumption of the controller and the control
equipment, e. g. actuators shall be documented.
Particularly to carry out performance predictions for the system the control equipment belong to, for the
determination of the component parameters, e.g. to be apply the CTSS method as specified in
prCEN/TS 12977-2, a detailed investigation of all relevant algorithms, features and parameters in charge to
control the system is mandatory.
NOTE The most widely used control equipment for solar heating systems is described in prCEN/TS 12977-5. For
control equipment not widely used in solar heating systems or auxiliary heaters, if part of the system, accompanying
standards should be applied.
In respect of potential adverse effects human health or life (e.g. drinking water quality) caused by the products
covered by prCEN TS 12977-5 it should be noted that:
-This document provides no information as to whether the product may be used without restriction in any of
the Member States of the EU or EFTA.
-While awaiting the adoption of verifiable European criteria, existing national regulations concerning the use
and/or the characteristics of this product remain in force.
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prCEN/TS 12977-5:2008 (E)
1 Scope
This document (prCEN/TS 12977-5:2008) specifies performance test methods for control equipment.
Furthermore this document contains requirements on accuracy, durability and reliability of control equipment.
The tests described in prCEN/TS 12977-5 are limited to components delivered with or for the system by the
final supplier. For the purposes of this document (prCEN/TS 12977-5) controller and control equipment for
solar heating systems and auxiliary heaters, if part of the system, are restricted to:
Controllers as
system clocks, timers and counters,
differential thermostats,
multi-function controllers.
Sensors as
temperature sensors,
irradiance sensors (for short wave radiation),
pressure sensors,
level sensors,
flow meters or
heat meters.
Actuators as
pumps,
solenoid and motor valves or
relays.
Furthermore combinations of controllers, sensors and actuators listed above.
An additional objective of the procedures described in this document is to verify control algorithms and,
together with the accuracy of sensors, to determine control parameters. Beside results of verification of the
functioning of a controller, its equipment and actuators, the determined parameters may be used for numerical
system simulations.
Typically electrical anodes are not part of the control equipment and are not controlled by the control
equipment. However, because they are electrical appliance, electrical anodes are included in this document.
This document is valid for control equipment of solar heating systems for the purpose of hot water preparation
and/or space heating. If the solar system is connected to or part of a conventional heating system, the validity
is extended to the entire system. In combination with the standards EN 12976-1, EN 12976-2 as well as
prCEN/TS 12977-1, prCEN/TS 12977-2, prEN 12977-3 and prCEN/TS 12977-4 this document is valid for:
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prCEN/TS 12977-5:2008 (E)
a) Factory made solar heating systems,
b) small custom built solar heating systems,
c) large custom built solar heating systems and
d) auxiliary heater equipment used in connection with a), b) and c).
NOTE Factory Made and Custom Built solar heating systems.
The standards EN 12976-1, EN 12976-2 as well as prCEN/TS 12977-1, prECN/TS 12977-2, prEN 12977-3, and
prCEN/TS 12977-4 distinguish two categories of solar heating systems:
- Factory Made solar heating systems and
- Custom Built solar heating systems.
As defined in 12977 part 1, the classification of a system as factory made or custom built is a choice of the final supplier.
Custom Built solar heating systems are subdivided into two categories:
- Small Custom Built systems offered by a company are described in a so-called assortment file, in which all components
and possible system configurations, marketed by the company, are specified.
- Large Custom Built systems are uniquely designed for a specific situation.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 809, Pumps and pump units for liquids — Common safety requirements
EN 982, Safety of machinery — Safety requirements for fluid power systems and their components —
Hydraulics
EN 1151-1, Pumps — Rotodynamic pumps — Circulation pumps having a rated power input not exceeding
200 W for heating installations and domestic hot water installations — Part 1: Non-automatic circulation
pumps, requirements, testing, marking
EN 12975-2, Thermal solar systems and components — Solar collectors — Part 2: Test methods
EN 12976-1:2006, Thermal solar systems and components — Factory made systems — Part 1: General
requirements
EN 12976-2, Thermal solar systems and components — Factory made systems — Part 2: Test methods
prCEN/TS 12977-1:2006, Thermal solar systems and components — Custom built systems — Part 1: General
requirements for solar water heaters and combisystems
IEC 60038, IEC standard voltages / Note: This document and its separate amendments continue to be valid
together with the consolidated version
EN 60255 (all parts), Electrical relays
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prCEN/TS 12977-5:2008 (E)
EN 60335-1, Household and similar electrical appliances — Safety - Part 1: General requirements
(IEC 60335-1:2001, modified)
EN 60335-2-21, Household and similar electrical appliances — Safety - Part 2-21: Particular requirements for
storage water heaters (IEC 60335-2-21:2002,, modified)
EN 60730 (all parts), Automatic electrical controls for households and similar use
IEC 62305-3, Protection against lightning – Part 3: Physical damage to structures and life hazard
EN ISO 9488:1999, Solar energy — Vocabulary (ISO 9488:1999)
ISO 9060, Solar energy — Specification and classification of instruments for measuring hemispherical solar
and direct solar radiation
ISO/TR 9901, Solar energy — Field pyranometers — Recommended practice for use
ISO 15218, Pneumatic fluid power — 3/2 solenoid valves — Mounting interface surfaces
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 12976-1:2006, prCEN/TS 12977-
1:2006, EN ISO 9488:1999 and the following apply.
3.1
controller
device to control a solar heating system, sometimes in connection/combination with auxiliary heater(s)
NOTE For classification see Table 1.
3.2
sensor
device to measure physical (or chemical) qualities/properties. With respect to solar heating systems,
temperature, irradiance, flow/circulation, pressure and level sensors are most common
NOTE For classification see Table 2.
3.3
actuator
component and device designed to perform actions to operate a solar heating system or auxiliary heating
system according to signals from the control equipment
NOTE For classification see Table 3.
3.4
reference device/measurement
device or measurement towards control equipment under test or measured quantities are compared or
referred to.
3.5
control equipment assortment
complete list of components (controller, sensors, pumps, actuators etc.), which a company offers to control a
solar heating systems, including auxiliary heater control equipment, if the auxiliary heater is part of the solar
heating systems. For the purpose of this document (prCEN/TS 12977-5) the assortment is restricted to the
following components:
controllers,
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sensors and
actuators
4 Symbols and abbreviations
G hemispherical solar irradiance in the plane of the radiation sensor, in W/m²;
ϑ reference temperature, in °C;
ref
ϑ surrounding air temperature, in °C;
amb
maximal (allowed) temperature of a temperature sensor, in °C;
ϑ
max
temperature of the storage tank for heated water, in °C;
ϑ
tank
ϑ start temperature, e.g. of pump in solar collector circuit, in °C;
start
ϑ stop temperature, e.g. of pump in solar collector circuit, in °C;
stop
hysteresis, difference between ON- and OFF-temperature difference for switching an actuator,
∆ϑ
hyst
in K;
v surrounding air speed, in m/s;
air
t time, in s.
5 Controller classification (including equipment classification)
5.1 Controller
Control device designed to control a solar heating system, sometimes in connection/combination with auxiliary
heaters are classified according Table 1.
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prCEN/TS 12977-5:2008 (E)
Table 1 — Classification of controllers for solar heating systems
Controller
C1 System clock, Timer and Counter
Controlling the operation of one or more actuators by means of real or relative time. Timers and
counters might be connected with different kinds of sensors influencing their behaviour by superposition
of the commands. Beside time intervals counter might count and sum up events or quantities.
C2 Differential thermostat
Control of one or more actuators by means of a temperature difference between two temperature
sensors. In most cases a hysteresis between switching ON and OFF is inserted. Differential controllers
are sometimes used with other signals, e.g. solar irradiation, pressure or level sensors.
C3 Multi-function controller
Controller designed to control one or more actuators based on measured quantities delivered by
different kinds of sensors, real time or relative time and/or control concepts including specific control
algorithms. With regard to this document multi-function controllers are used to control and operate a
solar heating system, optional in combination with hot water preparation, space heating, heat
distribution and any kind of auxiliary heating, if more than one differential algorithm is used in one unit
and/or at least one operation is caused by more than a simple differential algorithm. If a device, e.g. a
differential thermostat operates its output(s) depending on more than one (temperature) difference
and/or not only in ON/OFF mode, a controller incorporating such differential algorithm (thermostat)
should be treated as a multi-function controller.
5.2 Sensor
Typical sensors used for controllers listed in Table 1 are summarized in Table 2.
Table 2 — Common sensors for solar heating systems
Sensor
S1 Temperature sensor
Sensing of temperatures of different parts in the system. In connection with the electronic layout of a
controller or accessory measuring device determination of temperatures, e.g. in degree centigrade.
S2 Irradiance sensor
Instrument measuring the hemispherical solar irradiance in the plane of the radiation sensor within a
spectral range of approx. 0,3 µm to 3 µm. To control a (solar) heating system irradiance sensors and
accessory control equipment might have special designs to meet the specific requirements to solar
energy utilization. With respect to this document both, irradiance sensors with thermoelectric sensor and
irradiance sensors based on the photoelectrical effect are included. Supplementary photocells or other
devices used to measure the solar irradiance are treated equate to solar irradiance sensor.
S3 Flow/circulation sensors
Sensing of the flow/circulation of a fluid. In connection with the electronic layout of a controller or
accessory measuring device determination of the volume and/or mass flow.
S4 Pressure sensor
Sensing of absolute or relative pressure. In connection with the electronic layout of a controller or
accessory measuring device determination of absolute pressure or p
...
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