SIST EN 1999-1-3:2007
(Main)Eurocode 9: Design of aluminium structures – Part 1-3: Structures susceptible to fatigue
Eurocode 9: Design of aluminium structures – Part 1-3: Structures susceptible to fatigue
1.1.1 Scope of EN 1999
(1) P EN 1999 applies to the design of buildings and civil engineering and structural works in aluminium. It complies with the principles and requirements for the safety and serviceability of structures, the basis of their design and verification that are given in EN 1990 – Basis of structural design.
(2) EN 1999 is only concerned with requirements for resistance, serviceability, durability and fire resistance of aluminium structures. Other requirements, e.g. concerning thermal or sound insulation, are not considered.
(3) EN 1999 is intended to be used in conjunction with:
- EN 1990 Basis of structural design
- EN 1991 Actions on structures
- European Standards for construction products relevant for aluminium structures
- EN 1090-1: Execution of steel structures and aluminium structures - Part 1: Conformity assessment of structural components )
- EN 1090-3: Execution of steel structures and aluminium structures – Part 3: Technical requirements for aluminium structures )
(4) EN 1999 is subdivided in five parts:
EN 1999-1-1 Design of Aluminium Structures: General structural rules
EN 1999-1-2 Design of Aluminium Structures: Structural fire design
EN 1999-1-3 Design of Aluminium Structures: Structures susceptible to fatigue
EN 1999-1-4 Design of Aluminium Structures: Cold-formed structural sheeting
EN 1999-1-5 Design of Aluminium Structures: Shell structures
1.1.2 Scope of EN 1999-1-3
(1) EN 1999-1-3 gives the basis for the design of aluminium alloy structures with respect to the limit state of fracture induced by fatigue.
(2) EN 1999-1-3 gives rules for:
- Safe life design;
- damage tolerant design;
- design assisted by testing.
(3) EN 1999-1-3 is intended to be used in conjunction with EN 1090-3 -Technical requirements for the execution of aluminium structures- which contains the requirements necessary for the design assumptions to be met during execution of components and structures.
(4) EN 1999-1-3 does not cover pre
Eurocode 9: Bemessung und Konstruktion von Aluminiumtragwerken — Teil 1-3: Ermüdungsbeanspruchte Tragwerke
1.1.1 Anwendungsbereich von EN 1999
(1)P EN 1999 gilt für den Entwurf, die Berechnung und die Bemessung von Bauwerken und Tragwerken aus Aluminium. Sie entspricht den Grundsätzen und Anforderungen an die Tragfähigkeit und Gebrauchstauglichkeit von Tragwerken, sowie den Grundlagen für ihre Bemessung und Nachweise, die in EN 1990 – Grundlagen der Tragwerksplanung – enthalten sind.
(2) EN 1999 behandelt ausschließlich Anforderungen an die Tragfähigkeit, die Gebrauchstauglichkeit, die Dauerhaftigkeit und den Feuerwiderstand von Tragwerken aus Aluminium. Andere Anforderungen, wie z. B. Wärmeschutz oder Schallschutz, werden nicht behandelt.
(3) EN 1999 gilt in Verbindung mit folgenden Regelwerken:
EN 1990: „Grundlagen der Tragwerksplanung“
EN 1991: „Einwirkungen auf Tragwerke“
Europäische Normen für Bauprodukte, die für Aluminiumtragwerke Verwendung finden
EN 1090-1: „Ausführung von Stahltragwerken und Aluminiumtragwerken“ — Konformitätsnachweis¬verfahren für tragende Bauteile )
EN 1090-3: „Ausführung von Stahltragwerken und Aluminiumtragwerken — Teil 3: Technische Anforderungen für Aluminiumtragwerke“ )
(4) EN 1999 ist in fünf Teile gegliedert:
EN 1999-1-1, „Bemessung und Konstruktion von Aluminiumtragwerken — Allgemeine Bemessungsregeln“
EN 1999-1-2, „Bemessung und Konstruktion von Aluminiumtragwerken — Tragwerksbemessung für den Brandfall“
EN 1999-1-3, „Bemessung und Konstruktion von Aluminiumtragwerken — Ermüdungsbeanspruchte Tragwerke“
EN 1999-1-4, „Bemessung und Konstruktion von Aluminiumtragwerken — Kaltgeformte Profiltafeln“
EN 1999-1-5, „Bemessung und Konstruktion von Aluminiumtragwerken — Schalentragwerke“
Eurocode 9: Calcul des structures en aluminium — Partie 1-3: Structures sensibles a la fatigue
Evrokod 9 - Projektiranje konstrukcij iz aluminijevih zlitin - 1-3. del: Konstrukcije, občutljive na utrujanje
1.1.1 Področje uporabe standarda EN 1999
(1) P EN 1999 se uporablja za projektiranje stavb ter gradbenih inženirskih in kostrukcijskih objektov iz aluminija. Upošteva načela in zahteve glede varnosti in uporabnosti konstrukcij ter podlago za njihovo projektiranje in preverjanje, ki so podane v standardu EN 1990 – Osnove projektiranja konstrukcij.
(2) EN 1999 se nanaša le na zahteve za odpornost, uporabnost, trajnost in požarno odpornost aluminijastih konstrukcij. Ostale zahteve, na primer glede toplotne in zvočne izolativnosti, niso obravnavane.
(3) EN 1999 je namenjen za uporabo v povezavi z naslednjimi standardi:
– EN 1990 Osnove projektiranja konstrukcij
– EN 1991 Vplivi na konstrukcije
– Evropski standardi za gradbene izdelke, ki se nanašajo na aluminijaste konstrukcije
– EN 1090-1: Izvedba jeklenih konstrukcij in aluminijastih konstrukcij - 1. del: Zahteve za ugotavljanje skladnosti sestavnih delov konstrukcij
– EN 1090-3: Izvedba jeklenih in aluminijastih konstrukcij - 3. del: Tehnične zahteve za aluminijaste konstrukcije
(4) EN 1999 je razdeljen na pet delov:
EN 1999-1-1 Projektiranje konstrukcij iz aluminijevih zlitin: Splošna pravila za konstrukcije
EN 1999-1-2 Projektiranje konstrukcij iz aluminijevih zlitin: Projektiranje požarnovarnih konstrukcij
EN 1999-1-3 Projektiranje konstrukcij iz aluminijevih zlitin: Konstrukcije, občutljive na utrujanje
EN 1999-1-4 Projektiranje konstrukcij iz aluminijevih zlitin: Hladno oblikovane konstrukcijske pločevine
EN 1999-1-5 Projektiranje konstrukcij iz aluminijevih zlitin: Lupinaste konstrukcije
1.1.2 Področje uporabe standarda EN 1999-1-3
(1) EN 1999-1-3 podaja podlago za projektiranje konstrukcij iz aluminijevih zlitin v zvezi z mejnim stanjem preloma zaradi utrujanja.
(2) EN 1999-1-3 podaja pravila za:
– projektiranje po kriteriju varne življenjske dobe ;
– projektiranje po kriteriju tolerance škode;
– projektiranje s pomočjo preskušanja.
(3) EN 1999-1-3 je namenjen za uporabo v povezavi s standardom EN 1090-3 – Tehnične zahteve za aluminijaste konstrukcije – ki vsebuje zahteve, potrebne za izpolnjevanje projektnih predpostavk med izvedbo sestavnih delov in konstrukcij.
(4) EN 1999-1-3 ne obravnava tlačnih posod ali cevi.
(5) EN 1999-1-3 obravnava:
Oddelek 1: Splošno
Oddelek 2: Osnove projektiranja
Oddelek 3: Materiali, sestavni izdelki in spojne naprave
Oddelek 4: Trajnost
Oddelek 5: Analiza konstrukcije
Oddelek 6: Končno mejno stanje utrujanja
Dodatek A: Podlaga za izračun odpornosti proti utrujanju [normativni]
Dodatek B: Smernice za ocenjevanje z mehaniko loma [informativni]
Dodatek C: Preskušanje glede projektiranja za utrujanje [informativni]
Dodatek D: Analiza obremenitve [informativni]
Dodatek E: Lepljeni spoji [informativni]
Dodatek F: Razpon malocikličnega utrujanja [informativni]
Dodatek G: Vpliv razmerja R [informativni]
Dodatek H: Izboljšanje trajne nihajne trdnosti zvarov [informativni]
Dodatek I: Ulitki [informativni]
Dodatek J: Preglednice s podrobnimi kategorijami [informativni]
Dodatek K: Podrobna metoda za ugotavljanje vročih točk [informativni]
Literatura
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Eurocode 9: Bemessung und Konstruktion von Aluminiumtragwerken — Teil 1-3: Ermüdungsbeanspruchte TragwerkeEurocode 9: Calcul des structures en aluminium — Partie 1-3: Structures sensibles a la fatigueEurocode 9: Design of aluminium structures – Part 1-3: Structures susceptible to fatigue91.080.10Kovinske konstrukcijeMetal structures91.010.30Technical aspectsICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 1999-1-3:2007SIST EN 1999-1-3:2007en,fr01-oktober-2007SIST EN 1999-1-3:2007SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST ENV 1999-2:20021DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 1999-1-3:2007
EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 1999-1-3May 2007ICS 91.010.30; 91.080.10Supersedes ENV 1999-2:1998
English VersionEurocode 9: Design of aluminium structures - Part 1-3:Structures susceptible to fatigueEurocode 9: Calcul des structures en aluminium - Partie 1-3: Structures sensibles à la fatigueEurocode 9: Bemessung und Konstruktion vonAluminiumtragwerken - Teil 1-3: ErmüdungsbeanspruchteTragwerkeThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 25 November 2006.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2007 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 1999-1-3:2007: ESIST EN 1999-1-3:2007
EN 1999-1-3:2007 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword.5 1 General.9 1.1 Scope.9 1.1.1 Scope of EN 1999.9 1.1.2 Scope of EN 1999-1-3.9 1.2 Normative references.10 1.3 Assumptions.10 1.4 Distinction between principles and application rules.11 1.5 Terms and definitions.11 1.5.1 General.11 1.5.2 Additional terms used in EN 1999-1-3.11 1.6 Symbols.14 1.7 Specification for execution.16 1.7.1 Execution specification.16 1.7.2 Operation manual.16 1.7.3 Inspection and maintenance manual.16 2 Basis of design.17 2.1 General.17 2.1.1 Basic requirements.17 2.2 Procedures for fatigue design.17 2.2.1 Safe life design.17 2.2.2 Damage tolerant design.17 2.2.3 Design assisted by testing.18 2.3 Fatigue loading.18 2.3.1 Sources of fatigue loading.18 2.3.2 Derivation of fatigue loading.18 2.3.3 Equivalent fatigue loading.19 2.4 Partial factors for fatigue loads.19 3 Materials, constituent products and connecting devices.20 4 Durability.21 5 Structural analysis.22 5.1 Global analysis.22 5.1.1 General.22 5.1.2 Use of beam elements.23 5.1.3 Use of membrane, shell and solid elements.23 5.2 Types of stresses.24 5.2.1 General.24 5.2.2 Nominal stresses.24 5.2.3 Modified nominal stresses.24 5.2.4 Hot spot stresses.25 5.3 Derivation of stresses.27 5.3.1 Derivation of nominal stresses.27 5.3.2 Derivation of modified nominal stresses.27 5.3.3 Derivation of hot spot stresses.28 5.3.4 Stress orientation.28 5.4 Stress ranges for specific initiation sites.28 5.4.1 Parent material, welds, and mechanically fastened joints.28 5.4.2 Fillet and partial penetration butt welds.28 5.5 Adhesive bonds.29 5.6 Castings.29 SIST EN 1999-1-3:2007
EN 1999-1-3:2007 (E)
3 5.7 Stress spectra.29 5.8 Calculation of equivalent stress range for standardised fatigue load models.29 5.8.1 General.29 5.8.2 Design value of stress range.30 6 Fatigue resistance and detail categories.31 6.1 Detail categories.31 6.1.1 General.31 6.1.2 Factors affecting detail category.31 6.1.3 Constructional details.31 6.2 Fatigue strength data.32 6.2.1 Classified constructional details.32 6.2.2 Unclassified details.34 6.2.3 Adhesively bonded joints.34 6.2.4 Determination of the reference hot spot strength values.34 6.3 Effect of mean stress.34 6.3.1 General.34 6.3.2 Plain material and mechanically fastened joints.35 6.3.3 Welded joints.35 6.3.4 Adhesive joints.35 6.3.5 Low endurance range.35 6.3.6 Cycle counting for R-ratio calculations.35 6.4 Effect of exposure conditions.35 6.5 Improvement techniques.36 Annex A [normative]: Basis for calculation of fatigue resistance.37 A.1 General.37 A.1.1 Influence of fatigue on design.37 A.1.2 Mechanism of failure.37 A.1.3 Potential sites for fatigue cracking.37 A.1.4 Conditions for fatigue susceptibility.38 A.2 Safe life design.38 A.2.1 Prerequisites for safe life design.38 A.2.2 Cycle counting.39 A.2.3 Derivation of stress spectrum.39 A.3 Damage tolerant design.42 A.3.1 Prerequisites for damage tolerant design.42 A.3.2 Determination of inspection strategy for damage tolerant design.42 Annex B [informative]: Guidance on assessment of crack growth by fracture mechanics.45 B.1 Scope.45 B.2 Principles.45 B.2.1 Flaw dimensions.45 B.2.2 Crack growth relationship.46 B.3 Crack growth data A and m.46 B.4 Geometry function y.48 B.5 Integration of crack growth.48 B.6 Assessment of maximum crack size a2.48 Annex C [informative]: Testing for fatigue design.58 C.1 General.58 C.2 Derivation of action loading data.58 C.2.1 Fixed structures subject to mechanical action.58 C.2.2 Fixed structures subject to actions due to exposure conditions.59 C.2.3 Moving structures.59 C.3 Derivation of stress data.59 C.3.1 Component test data.59 C.3.2 Structure test data.60 C.3.3 Verification of stress history.60 C.4 Derivation of endurance data.60 C.4.1 Component testing.60 C.4.2 Full scale testing.61 SIST EN 1999-1-3:2007
EN 1999-1-3:2007 (E)
4 C.4.3 Acceptance.61 C.5 Crack growth data.64 C.6 Reporting.64 Annex D [informative]: Stress analysis.65 D.1 Use of finite elements for fatigue analysis.65 D.1.1 Element types.65 D.1.2 Further guidance on use of finite elements.66 D.2 Stress concentration factors.66 D.3 Limitation of fatigue induced by repeated local buckling.68 Annex E [informative]: Adhesively bonded joints.69 Annex F [informative]: Low cycle fatigue range.71 F.1 Introduction.71 F.2 Modification to -N curves.71 F.3 Test data.71 Annex G [informative]: Influence of R-ratio.73 G.1 Enhancement of fatigue strength.73 G.2 Enhancement cases.73 G.2.1 Case 1.73 G.2.2 Case 2.74 G.2.3 Case 3.74 Annex H [informative]: Fatigue strength improvement of welds.75 H.1 General.75 H.2 Machining or grinding.75 H.3 Dressing by TIG or plasma.76 H.4 Peening.76 Annex I [informative]: Castings.77 I.1 General.77 I.2 Fatigue strength data.77 I.2.1 Plain castings.77 I.2.2 Welded material.77 I.2.3 Mechanically joined castings.77 I.2.4 Adhesively bonded castings.78 I.3 Quality requirements.78 Annex J [informative]: Detail category tables.79 J.1 General.79 Annex K [informative]: Hot spot reference detail method.95 Bibliography.96
SIST EN 1999-1-3:2007
EN 1999-1-3:2007 (E)
5 Foreword This document (EN 1999-1-3:2007) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 250 “Structural Eurocodes”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2007, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by March 2010. This European Standard supersedes ENV 1999-2: 1998. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxemburg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Background to the Eurocode programme In 1975, the Commission of the European Community decided on an action programme in the field of construction, based on article 95 of the Treaty. The objective of the programme was the elimination of
technical obstacles to trade and the harmonisation of technical specifications. Within this action programme, the Commission took the initiative to establish a set of harmonised technical rules for the design of construction works, which in a first stage would serve as an alternative to the national rules in force in the Member States and, ultimately, would replace them. For fifteen years, the Commission, with the help of a Steering Committee with Representatives of Member States, conducted the development of the Eurocodes programme, which led to the first generation of European codes in the 1980s. In 1989, the Commission and the Member States of the EU and EFTA decided, on the basis of an agreement1)
between the Commission and CEN, to transfer the preparation and the publication of the Eurocodes to the CEN through a series of Mandates, in order to provide them with a future status of European Standard (EN). This links de facto the Eurocodes with the provisions of all the Council’s Directives and/or Commission’s Decisions dealing with European standards (e.g. the Council Directive 89/106/EEC on construction products – CPD – and Council Directives 93/37/EEC, 92/50/EEC and 89/440/EEC on public works and services and equivalent EFTA Directives initiated in pursuit of setting up the internal market). The Structural Eurocode programme comprises the following standards generally consisting of a number of Parts: EN 1990 Eurocode 0: Basis of structural design
EN 1991 Eurocode 1: Actions on structures
EN 1992 Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures
EN 1993 Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures
1) Agreement between the Commission of the European Communities and the European Committee for Standardisation (CEN) concerning the work on EUROCODES for the design of building and civil engineering works (BC/CEN/03/89). SIST EN 1999-1-3:2007
EN 1999-1-3:2007 (E)
6 EN 1994 Eurocode 4: Design of composite steel and concrete structures
EN 1995 Eurocode 5: Design of timber structures
EN 1996 Eurocode 6: Design of masonry structures
EN 1997 Eurocode 7: Geotechnical design
EN 1998 Eurocode 8: Design of structures for earthquake resistance
EN 1999 Eurocode 9: Design of aluminium structures
Eurocode standards recognise the responsibility of regulatory authorities in each Member State and have safeguarded their right to determine values related to regulatory safety matters at national level where these continue to vary from State to State.
Status and field of application of Eurocodes The Member States of the EU and EFTA recognise that Eurocodes serve as reference documents for the following purposes:
As a means to prove compliance of building and civil engineering works with the essential requirements of Council Directive 89/106/EEC, particularly Essential Requirement N°1 - Mechanical resistance and stability - and Essential Requirement N°2 - Safety in case of fire;
¾ as a basis for specifying contracts for construction works and related engineering services;
¾ as a framework for drawing up harmonised technical specifications for construction products (ENs and ETAs). The Eurocodes, as far as they concern the construction works themselves, have a direct relationship with the Interpretative Documents2)
referred to in Article 12 of the CPD, although they are of a different nature from harmonised product standard3) . Therefore, technical aspects arising from the Eurocodes work need to be adequately considered by CEN Technical Committees and/or EOTA Working Groups working on product standards with a view to achieving a full compatibility of these technical specifications with the Eurocodes. The Eurocode standards provide common structural design rules for everyday use for the design of whole structures and component products of both a traditional and an innovative nature. Unusual forms of construction or design conditions are not specifically covered and additional expert consideration will be required by the designer in such cases.
2) According to Art. 3.3 of the CPD, the essential requirements (ERs) shall be given concrete form in interpretative documents for the creation of the necessary links between the essential requirements and the mandates for hENs and ETAGs/ETAs. 3) According to Art. 12 of the CPD the interpretative documents shall:
a) give concrete form to the essential requirements by harmonising the terminology and the technical bases and indicating classes or levels for each requirement where necessary; b) indicate methods of correlating these classes or levels of requirement with the technical specifications, e.g. methods of calculation and of proof,technical rules for project design,etc.; c) serve as a reference for the establishment of harmonised sta
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