SIST-TS CEN/TS 15901-1:2010

Road and airfield surface characteristics - Part 1: Procedure for determining the skid resistance of a pavement surface using a device with longitudinal fixed slip ratio (LFCS): RoadSTAR

This Technical Specification describes a method for determining the skid resistance of a paved surface by measurement of the longitudinal friction coefficient LFCS. This Technical specification covers the operation of the Road Surface Tester of arsenal research (RoadSTAR).
The method "RoadSTAR" provides a measure of the skid resistance properties of a bound surface by measurement of the longitudinal friction coefficient using a continuous reading car sized braked wheel fixed slip device.
The method "RoadSTAR" provides skid resistance measurements of pavements by using the modified Stuttgart skiddometer (Stuttgarter Reibungsmesser). RoadSTAR utilizes a measurement representing the steady-state friction on a braked test wheel at a slip ratio of 82 % (for standard conditions), 37,5 %, 50 %, 75 % (for comparison measurements), with locked wheel or under ABS - braking conditions (for research measurements). The test wheel is dragged over a pre wetted pavement surface under controlled load and speed conditions while the test tyre is parallel to the direction of motion and perpendicular to the pavement.
NOTE   Three different slip ratios are retained in order to use the same slip speed for the three different nominal testing speeds of 40 km/h, 60 km/h and 80 km/h for comparison measurements. The common slip speed is chosen equal to 30 km/h:
- for a testing speed of 40 km/h it is necessary to apply a slip ratio of 75 %,
- for a testing speed of 60 km/h it is necessary to apply a slip ratio of 50 %,
- for a testing speed of 80 km/h it is necessary to apply a slip ratio of 37,5 %.
A machine conforming to the general characteristics of the RoadSTAR and the specific provisions of this Technical Specification should be used for the tests.
In addition to friction measurements, to estimate the macro texture of the pavement surface, a laser system is used. (....)

Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Griffigkeit von Fahrbahndecken durch Verwendung eines Geräts mit festgelegtem Schlupf in Längsrichtung (LFCS): das RoadSTAR-Gerät

Diese Technische Spezifikation beschreibt ein Verfahren für die Bestimmung der Griffigkeit von Fahrbahn-decken durch Messung des Schlupfes in Längsrichtung (en: Longitudinal Friction Coefficient; LFCS). Diese Technische Spezifikation behandelt den Betrieb des Straßenzustandserfassungsgeräts von Arsenal Research (en: Road Surface Tester of Arsenal Research; RoadSTAR).
Das „RoadSTAR“-Verfahren liefert ein Maß für die Griffigkeitseigenschaften einer gebundenen Fahrbahn-decke durch Messung der Reibungszahl in Längsrichtung mit Hilfe eines kontinuierlich messenden Messfahr¬zeugs mit gebremstem Rad und festgelegtem Schlupf.
Das „RoadSTAR“-Verfahren ermöglicht die Messung der Griffigkeit von Fahrbahndecken mit Hilfe des modifi-zierten Stuttgarter Reibungsmessers. Das RoadSTAR-Gerät verwendet eine Messung, die die stationäre Reibung an einem gebremsten Messrad bei einem Schlupfverhältnis von 82 % (für Normbedingungen), 37,5 %, 50 % und 75 % (für Vergleichsmessungen) mit blockiertem Rad oder unter ABS-Bremsbedingungen (für Forschungsmessungen) darstellt. Das Messrad wird unter geregelten Last- und Geschwindigkeits-bedingungen über eine zuvor angenässte Fahrbahndecke gezogen, wobei der Messreifen parallel zur Bewegungsrichtung und rechtwinklig zur Fahrbahn steht.
ANMERKUNG   Es werden drei unterschiedliche Schlupfverhältnisse beibehalten, um dieselbe Schlupfgeschwindigkeit für die drei verschiedenen nominellen Messgeschwindigkeiten von 40 km/h, 60 km/h und 80 km/h für Vergleichsmessun¬gen zu verwenden. Die allen gemeinsame Schlupfgeschwindigkeit wird gleichbleibend mit 30 km/h angesetzt:
-   bei einer Messgeschwindigkeit von 40 km/h sollte ein Schlupfverhältnis von 75 % angewendet werden;
-   bei einer Messgeschwindigkeit von 60 km/h sollte ein Schlupfverhältnis von 50 % angewendet werden;
-   bei einer Messgeschwindigkeit von 80 km/h sollte ein Schlupfverhältnis von 37,5 % angewendet werden.
Für die Prüfungen sollte ein den allgemeinen Kennwerten des RoadSTAR-Geräts (...)

Caractéristiques de surface des routes et aéroports - Partie 1: Mode opératoire de détermination de l'adhérence d'un revêtement de chaussée à l'aide d'un dispositif à coefficient de frottement longitudinal fixe (CFLS): le RoadSTAR

La présente Spécification technique décrit une méthode permettant de déterminer l’adhérence d’une surface de chaussée revêtue par mesure du coefficient de frottement longitudinal (CFL). La présente Spécification technique couvre le fonctionnement du RoadSTAR (Road Surface Tester of Arsenal Research).
La méthode "RoadSTAR” permet de déterminer les propriétés d’adhérence d’une couche de roulement en mesurant le coefficient de frottement longitudinal à l’aide d’un appareil de mesure en continu associé à un véhicule, et dont le taux de glissement de la roue freinée est constant.
La méthode "RoadSTAR” permet de mesurer l’adhérence de la chaussée à l’aide d’un appareil SRM (Stuttgarter Reibungsmesser) modifié. RoadSTAR utilise un mesurage représentant le frottement permanent exercée sur une roue d’essai freinée selon un taux de glissement de 82 % (conditions normalisées), 37,5 %, 50 %, 75 % (mesurages de comparaison), dans des conditions de freinage roue bloquée ou ABS (mesures de recherche). La roue d’essai est traînée sur une chaussée préalablement mouillée, selon des conditions de charge et de vitesse contrôlées, le pneumatique d’essai étant parallèle à la direction du mouvement et perpendiculaire à la chaussée.
NOTE   Trois taux de glissement différents sont retenus afin d’utiliser la même vitesse de glissement pour les trois vitesses d’essai nominales de 40 km/h, 60 km/h et 80 km/h pour les mesurages de comparaison. Avec une vitesse de glissement commune de  30 km/h :
-   pour une vitesse d’essai de 40 km/h, il est nécessaire d’appliquer un taux de glissement de 75 %,
-   pour une vitesse d’essai de 60 km/h, il est nécessaire d’appliquer un taux de glissement de 50 %,
-   pour une vitesse d’essai de 80 km/h, il est nécessaire d’appliquer un taux de glissement de 37,5 %.
Pour les essais, il convient d’utiliser une machine conforme aux caractéristiques générales du RoadSTAR et aux dispositions particulières de la présente Spécification technique.

Značilnosti cestnih in vzletnih površin - 1. del: Postopek določanja torne sposobnosti vozne površine z opremo za vzdolžne meritve s kontroliranim zdrsnim zaostankom kolesa (LFCS): RoadSTAR

Ta tehnična specifikacija opisuje metodo določanja torne sposobnosti vozne površine z meritvijo količnika trenja LFCS. Ta tehnična specifikacija zajema delovanje naprave za preskušanje površine ceste podjetja Arsenal Research (RoadSTAR). Metoda »RoadSTAR« določa merilo lastnosti tornih sposobnosti omejene površine z merjenjem količnika trenja z opremo za neprekinjeno pregledovanjem kontroliranega zdrsnega zaostanka zavornega kolesa, ki ustreza velikosti avtomobila. Metoda »RoadSTAR« določa merjenje torne sposobnosti površin s prirejenim Stuttgartskim merilcem tornosti(Stuttgarter Reibungsmesser). RoadSTAR uporablja meritev, ki prikaže trenje v mirujočem stanju na poskusnem zavornem kolesu pri 82 % zdrsnem zaostanku (za standardne pogoje), 37.5, 50 in 75 % (pri primerjalnih merjenjih) in z zaklenjenim kolesom ali pod ABS zavornimi pogoji (pri raziskovalnih merjenjih). S preskusnim kolesom se zavira na predhodno namočeni površine pod nadzorovanimi pogoji upora in hitrosti, medtem ko je preskusna pnevmatika vzporedna s smerjo gibanja in navpična na površino. Za preskuse se mora uporabljati stroj, ki ustreza splošnim značilnostim naprave RoadSTAR in posebnim določbam te tehnične specifikacije. Za ocenjevanje makroteksture vozne površine se poleg meritev trenja uporablja laserski sistem. Ta sistem je nameščen pred preskusnim kolesom, da se lahko meri makrotekstura (povprečna globina profila – MDP) na suhi površini in na isti stezi kot meritve torne sposobnosti. Standard za to meritev in opremo je opisan v EN ISO 13473-1 in ISO 13473-2.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 03-Jan-2010
• ICS: 17.040.20 - Properties of surfaces
• ICS: 93.080.10 - Road construction
• ICS: 93.120 - Construction of airports
• Technical Committee: CES - Roads
• Current Stage: 6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 23-Nov-2009
• Due Date: 28-Jan-2010
• Completion Date: 04-Jan-2010
• Ref Project: CEN/TS 15901-1:2009 - Road and airfield surface characteristics - Part 1: Procedure for determining the skid resistance of a pavement surface using a device with longitudinal fixed slip ratio (LFCS): RoadSTAR

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST-TS CEN/TS 15901-1:2010
01-februar-2010
=QDþLOQRVWLFHVWQLKLQY]OHWQLKSRYUãLQGHO3RVWRSHNGRORþDQMDWRUQH
VSRVREQRVWLYR]QHSRYUãLQH]RSUHPR]DY]GROåQHPHULWYHVNRQWUROLUDQLP
]GUVQLP]DRVWDQNRPNROHVD/)&65RDG67$5
Road and airfield surface characteristics - Part 1: Procedure for determining the skid
resistance of a pavement surface using a device with longitudinal fixed slip ratio (LFCS):
RoadSTAR
Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Griffigkeit von Fahrbahndecken durch Verwendung eines
Geräts mit festgelegtem Schlupf in Längsrichtung (LFCS): das RoadSTAR-Gerät
Caractéristiques de surface des routes et aéroports - Partie 1: Mode opératoire de
détermination de l'adhérence d'un revêtement de chaussée à l'aide d'un dispositif à
coefficient de frottement longitudinal fixe (CFLS): le RoadSTAR
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN/TS 15901-1:2009
ICS:
17.040.20 Lastnosti površin Properties of surfaces
93.080.10 Gradnja cest Road construction
93.120 *UDGQMDOHWDOLãþ Construction of airports
SIST-TS CEN/TS 15901-1:2010 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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SIST-TS CEN/TS 15901-1:2010

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SIST-TS CEN/TS 15901-1:2010


TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
CEN/TS 15901-1

SPÉCIFICATION TECHNIQUE

TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION
November 2009
ICS 93.080.20
English Version
Road and airfield surface characteristics - Part 1: Procedure for
determining the skid resistance of a pavement surface using a
device with longitudinal fixed slip ratio (LFCS): RoadSTAR
Caractéristiques de surface des routes et aéroports - Partie Oberflächeneigenschaften von Straßen und Flugplätzen -
1 : Partie 1: Mode opératoire de détermination de Teil 1: Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Griffigkeit von
l'adhérence d'un revêtement de chaussée à l'aide d'un Fahrbahndecken durch Verwendung eines Geräts mit
dispositif à coefficient de frottement longitudinal fixe festgelegtem Schlupf in Längsrichtung (LFCS): das
(CFLS): le RoadSTAR RoadSTAR-Gerät
This Technical Specification (CEN/TS) was approved by CEN on 27 June 2009 for provisional application.

The period of validity of this CEN/TS is limited initially to three years. After two years the members of CEN will be requested to submit their
comments, particularly on the question whether the CEN/TS can be converted into a European Standard.

CEN members are required to announce the existence of this CEN/TS in the same way as for an EN and to make the CEN/TS available
promptly at national level in an appropriate form. It is permissible to keep conflicting national standards in force (in parallel to the CEN/TS)
until the final decision about the possible conversion of the CEN/TS into an EN is reached.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.






EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2009 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN/TS 15901-1:2009: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

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SIST-TS CEN/TS 15901-1:2010
CEN/TS 15901-1:2009 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword .3
1 Scope .4
2 Recommended uses .4
3 Terms and definitions .4
4 Safety .8
5 Principle .8
5.1 Principle of measurements .8
5.2 Operating principle .8
6 Key characteristics . 10
6.1 General . 10
6.2 Test speed . 10
6.3 Gear box – Braking system . 10
6.4 Static wheel force . 10
6.5 Dynamic wheel force . 10
6.6 Test wheel assembly . 10
6.7 Test tyre . 10
6.8 Torque-measuring transducer . 11
6.9 Water supply and flow control . 11
6.10 Laser equipment for macro texture measurements . 11
6.11 General requirements for measuring system . 12
7 Test procedure . 12
7.1 Prior to testing . 12
7.2 Testing . 12
7.3 Standard testing conditions (routine testing) . 12
8 Data recording . 13
9 Calibration . 13
9.1 General . 13
9.2 Calibration of the static vertical test wheel force . 14
9.3 Calibration of the braking torque . 14
9.4 Calibration of the dynamic force offset . 15
9.5 Calibration of the position encoder (distance calibration) . 15
10 Accuracy . 15
11 Test report . 15
Bibliography . 17

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SIST-TS CEN/TS 15901-1:2010
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Foreword
This document (CEN/TS 15901-1:2009) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 227 “Road
materials”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to announce this Technical Specification: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
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1 Scope
This Technical Specification describes a method for determining the skid resistance of a paved surface by
measurement of the longitudinal friction coefficient LFCS. This Technical Specification covers the operation of
the Road Surface Tester of arsenal research (RoadSTAR).
The method "RoadSTAR” provides a measure of the skid resistance properties of a bound surface by
measurement of the longitudinal friction coefficient using a continuous reading car-sized braked wheel
fixed-slip device.
The method "RoadSTAR” provides skid resistance measurements of pavements by using the modified
Stuttgart skiddometer (Stuttgarter Reibungsmesser). RoadSTAR utilizes a measurement representing the
steady-state friction on a braked test wheel at a slip ratio of 82 % (for standard conditions), 37,5 %, 50 %,
75 % (for comparison measurements), with locked wheel or under ABS-braking conditions (for research
measurements). The test wheel is dragged over a pre wetted pavement surface under controlled load and
speed conditions while the test tyre is parallel to the direction of motion and perpendicular to the pavement.
NOTE Three different slip ratios are retained in order to use the same slip speed for the three different nominal
testing speeds of 40 km/h, 60 km/h and 80 km/h for comparison measurements. The common slip speed is chosen equal
to 30 km/h:
 for a testing speed of 40 km/h a slip ratio of 75 % should be applied;
 for a testing speed of 60 km/h a slip ratio of 50 % should be applied;
 for a testing speed of 80 km/h a slip ratio of 37,5 % should be applied.
A machine conforming to the general characteristics of the RoadSTAR and the specific provisions of this
Technical Specification should be used for the tests.
In addition to friction measurements, to estimate the macro texture of the pavement surface, a laser system is
used. This system is placed in front of the test wheel in order to be able to measure macrotexture (mean
profile depth – MDP) on the dry surface and on the same path as the skid resistance measurements. The
standard for this measurement and the device is described in EN ISO 13473-1 and ISO 13473-2.
2 Recommended uses
RoadSTAR may be used in the following fields of application:
 determining the skid resistance of surfaces in service;
 approval of new surfacing;
 type approval purposes;
 investigation of surface skid resistance;
 measurements on project-level compliance;
 comparative measurements among different devices;
 research measurements.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
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SIST-TS CEN/TS 15901-1:2010
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3.1
skid resistance
characterisation of the friction of a road surface when measured in accordance with a standardised method
3.2
friction
resistance to relative motion between two bodies in contact, the frictional force being the force which acts
tangentially in the contact area
3.3
wet road skid resistance
property of a trafficked surface that limits relative movement between the surface and the part of a vehicle tyre
in contact with the surface, when lubricated with a film of water
NOTE Factors that contribute to skid resistance include the tyre pressure, contact area, tread pattern and rubber
composition; the alignment, texture, surface contamination, and characteristics of the road surface; the vehicle speed; and
the weather conditions.
The skid resistance of a road surface in Europe varies seasonally. Generally, wet skid resistance is higher in winter as a
result of the effects of wet detritus and the effects of frost and wear by tyres on microtexture and macrotexture. Wet skid
resistance is lower in summer as a result of dry polishing by tyres in the presence of fine detritus.
The change in skid resistance of a surface in service is affected by the volume of traffic and the composition of the traffic,
i.e. cars, buses, commercial vehicles of different sizes, as the tyres of these vehicles polish and/or wear away the
surfacing material in different ways. The geometry of the road will affect the change in skid resistance. Generally, tyres
polish less on straight roads than on bends.
Where the surface contains aggregate with a coating of binder, e.g. bitumen, resin or Portland cement, the skid resistance
will change as the coating is worn away by tyres.
3.4
bound surface
top layer or surface course of a road with the aggregates secured permanently in place
NOTE Aggregates are commonly secured in place by bitumen or Portland cement.
3.5
vertical force
load
force applied by the wheel assembly (the static and dynamic force on the test tyre, the test tyre weight and the
rim weight) on the contact area
NOTE Some devices (not RoadSTAR) use an assumed load based on the static load.
3.6
horizontal force
drag
horizontal force acting tangentially on the test wheel in line with the direction of travel
3.7
fixed-slip friction
friction between a test tyre and a road surface when the wheel is controlled to move at a fixed proportion of its
natural speed
3.8
fixed slip
condition in which a braking system forces the test wheel to roll at a fixed reduction of its operating speed
3.9
operating speed
speed at which the device traverses the test surface
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3.10
contact area
overall area of the road surface instantaneously in contact with a tyre
NOTE This term describes the overall area generally covered by the tyre. Due to the effects of surface texture or any
tyre tread pattern, not all of the tyre or road surface in the contact area can be in contact at any instant.
3.11
slip speed
relative speed between the test tyre and the travelled surface in the contact area
3.12
slip ratio
slip speed divided by the operating speed
NOTE For devices meeting the requirements of this Technical Specification the slip ratio is fixed by the geared
braking system of the test wheel. The gear box is connected with the rear axle of the vehicle. If the test vehicle is in
motion, the test wheel slides or slips in the forward direction.
3.13
longitudinal friction coefficient
LFC
ratio between horizontal force (drag) and vertical force (load) for a braked wheel in controlled conditions,
which is normally a decimal number quoted to two significant figures
NOTE LFC varies depending on the slip ratio of the device and the operational speed.
3.14
longitudinal friction coefficient RoadSTAR
LFCS
LFC measured by a device meeting the requirements of this Technical Specification and which is the mean of
a number of instantaneous friction readings over a defined length
3.15
RoadSTAR
device developed by “Forschungsinstitut für Kraftfahrwesen und Fahrzeugmotoren Stuttgart (FKFS)” in
cooperation with “Österreichischen Forschungs- und Prüfzentrum Arsenal GmbH (arsenal research)” to
arrange routine measurements of skid resistance continuously on long sections and which is not
manufactured under license
3.16
sampling length or sampling interval
distance over which responses of the sensors are sampled to determine a single measurement of the
recorded variables
NOTE 1 The sampling length depends upon the detailed operation of device and its recording system; a number of
samples may be combined to determine a measurement for a subsection.
NOTE 2 This should not be confused with horizontal resolution which is the shortest distance over which a change in
the measured parameter can be detected.
3.17
subsection
defined length of surface for which one set of the measured variables is reported by the device
NOTE Different devices may use different subsections depending on the context of the measurements, such as 5 m,
10 m or 20 m.
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3.18
test section
length of road between defined points (e.g. location references, specific features, or measured distances)
comprising a number of subsections over which a continuous sequence of measurements is made
3.19
water delivery system
system for depositing a given amount of water in front of the test tyre so that it then passes between the tyre
and the surface being measured
3.20
water flow rate
rate at which water is deposited on the surface to be measured in front of the test tyre
NOTE Water flow rate is expressed in litres per second (l/s).
3.21
theoretical water film thickness
theoretical thickness of a water film deposited on the surface in front of the measuring tyre, assuming the
surface has zero texture depth
3.22
wheelpath
parts of the pavement surface where the majority of vehicle wheel passes are concentrated
NOTE The wheelpath is not a fixed location on a pavement surface. On a worn pavement, the wheelpath is usually
easily identified visually. On a newly laid surface, the position of the wheelpath needs to be estimated by experienced
operators.
For special circumstances such as acceptance tests, a particular path may be defined, for example (700 ± 150) mm from
the edge of the running lane of a road.
3.23
nearside wheelpath
wheelpath that is closest to the edge of the road in the normal direction of travel, which is, for countries that
normally drive on the right, the right-hand side, and for countries that normally drive on the left, the left-hand
side
3.24
calibration
periodic adjustment of the offset, the gain and the linearity of the output of a measurement method so that all
the calibrated devices of a particular type deliver the same value within a known and accepted range of
uncertainty, when measuring under identical conditions within given boundaries or parameters
NOTE The calibration method for machines meeting this Technical Specification is given in Clause 10.
3.25
repeatability
r
maximum difference expected between two measurements made by the same machine, with the same tyre,
operated by the same crew on the same section of road in a short space of time, with a probability of 95 %
3.26
reproducibility
R
maximum difference expected between two measurements made by different machines with different tyres
using different crews on the same section of road in a short space of time, with a probability of 95 %
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4 Safety
Safety measures shall be in place to maintain safe working practice in accordance with current regulations
and shall ensure the safety of other users, including measures to control traffic as necessary.
NOTE The wetting of surfaces can have an effect on other users of the site and every effort should be made to
ensure that they do not have to make any sudden changes in speed or direction.
When measuring skid resistance on roads in service the machine may operate at speeds different to normal road speeds
and as a result can create a hazard to other road users. The test speed specified when calling for tests in accordance with
this standard should take this into account.
Tests should not be carried out if there is a risk of water freezing on the pavement.
When carrying out friction measurements on airports, ensure that all activities are under the control of the
airport operators.
5 Principle
5.1 Principle of measurements
The measuring device RoadSTAR allows the simulation and investigation of different braking states. The
system supports measurements with different slip ratios as well as ABS measurements and measurements
with blocked wheel. While continuous slip measurements shall be performed along the entire measuring
section, individual braking sequences may be identified for
...