SIST ENV 1071-6:2007

Advanced technical ceramics - Methods of test for ceramic coatings - Part 6: Determination of the abrasion resistance of coatings by a micro-abrasion wear test

1 Scope
1.1   This part of ENV 1071 describes a method of measuring the abrasive wear rate of ceramic coatings by means of a micro-abrasion wear test based on the well known crater grinding technique used for film thickness determination - see ENV 1071-2.
1.2   The method can provide data on both film and substrate wear rates, either by performing two separate tests or by careful analysis of the data from a single test series.
1.3   The test method may be applied to samples with planar or non-planar surfaces but the analysis described in clause 11 applies only to flat samples. For non-planar samples a more complicated analysis, possibly requiring the use of numerical methods, is required.

Hochleistungskeramik - Verfahren zur Prüfung keramischer Schichten - Teil 6: Bestimmung des Abriebwiderstands von Schichten durch eine Mikroabriebprüfung

1.1   In diesem Teil von ENV 1071 wird ein Verfahren zur Messung der Abriebverschleißrate keramischer Schichten durch eine Mikroabriebprüfung festgelegt, die auf dem Kalottenschleifverfahren basiert, das von der Bestimmung der Schichtdicke bekannt ist, siehe ENV 1071-2.
1.2   Nach diesem Verfahren können Daten zur Bestimmung der Abriebverschleißraten sowohl der Schicht als auch des Grundwerkstoffs ermittelt werden, indem entweder eine Prüfung für die Schicht und eine Prü-fung für den Grundwerkstoff oder aber eine Analyse durchgeführt wird, bei der eine sorgfältige Auswertung der aus nur einer einzigen Prüfserie gewonnenen Daten erfolgt.
1.3   Das Prüfverfahren darf auf Proben mit ebenen oder nicht ebenen Flächen angewendet werden, während die im Abschnitt 11 beschriebene Analyse nur auf flache Proben anwendbar ist. Für nicht ebene Proben ist eine komplexere Analyse erforderlich, möglicherweise unter Anwendung numerischer Verfahren.

Céramiques techniques avancées - Méthodes d'essai pour revetements céramiques - Partie 6: Détermination de la résistance a l'abrasion des revetements par essai de micro-usure

Sodobna tehnična keramika - Metode za preskušanje keramičnih prevlek - 6. del: Ugotavljanje odpornosti prevlek proti obrabi z mikroabrazivnim preskusom

General Information

• Status: Withdrawn
• Publication Date: 31-Dec-2006
• Withdrawal Date: 08-Dec-2008
• ICS: 25.220.99 - Other treatments and coatings
• ICS: 81.060.30 - Advanced ceramics
• Technical Committee: I13 - Imaginarni 13
• Current Stage: 9900 - Withdrawal (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 08-Dec-2008
• Due Date: 31-Dec-2008
• Completion Date: 09-Dec-2008
• Mandate: M/076 - Mandate to CEN/CENELEC for standardization in the field of advanced ceramics
• Ref Project: ENV 1071-6:2002 - Advanced technical ceramics - Methods of test for ceramic coatings - Part 6: Determination of the abrasion resistance of coatings by a micro-abrasion wear test

Relations

• Replaced By: SIST EN 1071-6:2009 - Advanced technical ceramics - Methods of test for ceramic coatings - Part 6: Determination of the abrasion resistance of coatings by a micro-abrasion wear test
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2009

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST ENV 1071-6:2007
01-januar-2007
6RGREQDWHKQLþQDNHUDPLND0HWRGH]DSUHVNXãDQMHNHUDPLþQLKSUHYOHNGHO
8JRWDYOMDQMHRGSRUQRVWLSUHYOHNSURWLREUDEL]PLNURDEUD]LYQLPSUHVNXVRP
Advanced technical ceramics - Methods of test for ceramic coatings - Part 6:
Determination of the abrasion resistance of coatings by a micro-abrasion wear test
Hochleistungskeramik - Verfahren zur Prüfung keramischer Schichten - Teil 6:
Bestimmung des Abriebwiderstands von Schichten durch eine Mikroabriebprüfung
Céramiques techniques avancées - Méthodes d'essai pour revetements céramiques -
Partie 6: Détermination de la résistance a l'abrasion des revetements par essai de micro-
usure
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ENV 1071-6:2002
ICS:
25.220.99 Druge obdelave in prevleke Other treatments and
coatings
81.060.30 Sodobna keramika Advanced ceramics
SIST ENV 1071-6:2007 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------

SIST ENV 1071-6:2007

---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------

SIST ENV 1071-6:2007
EUROPEAN PRESTANDARD
ENV 1071-6
PRÉNORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE VORNORM
July 2002
ICS 81.060.30
English version
Advanced technical ceramics - Methods of test for ceramic
coatings - Part 6: Determination of the abrasion resistance of
coatings by a micro-abrasion wear test
Céramiques techniques avancées - Méthodes d'essai pour Hochleistungskeramik - Verfahren zur Prüfung keramischer
revêtements céramiques - Partie 6: Détermination de la Schichten - Teil 6: Bestimmung des Abriebwiderstands von
résistance à l'abrasion des revêtements par essai de micro- Schichten durch eine Mikroabriebprüfung
usure
This European Prestandard (ENV) was approved by CEN on 28 April 2002 as a prospective standard for provisional application.
The period of validity of this ENV is limited initially to three years. After two years the members of CEN will be requested to submit their
comments, particularly on the question whether the ENV can be converted into a European Standard.
CEN members are required to announce the existence of this ENV in the same way as for an EN and to make the ENV available promptly
at national level in an appropriate form. It is permissible to keep conflicting national standards in force (in parallel to the ENV) until the final
decision about the possible conversion of the ENV into an EN is reached.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,
Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36  B-1050 Brussels
© 2002 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. ENV 1071-6:2002 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------

SIST ENV 1071-6:2007
ENV 1071-6:2002 (E)
Contents
page
Foreword.3
1 Scope .3
2 Normative references .4
3 Terms and definitions.4
4 Significance and use .4
5 Principle.4
6 Test parameters .5
7 Apparatus .5
8 Different types of test .6
8.1 Type A: No perforation of coating.6
8.2 Type B: Perforation of coating. .6
9 Sample preparation .6
10 Test procedure .7
10.1 Test Type A: No perforation of coating .7
10.2 Test Type B: Perforation of coating.8
11 Analysis of results .8
11.1 Test Type A: No perforation of coating. .8
11.2 Test Type B: Perforation of coating.9
12 Test report .10
Annex A (informative)  Measurement of coating thickness .14
Bibliography .15
2

---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------

SIST ENV 1071-6:2007
ENV 1071-6:2002 (E)
Foreword
This document ENV 1071-6:2002 has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 184 "Advanced technical
ceramics", the secretariat of which is held by BSI.
EN 1071 'Advanced technical ceramics - Methods of test for ceramic coatings' consists of 7 Parts:
Part 1: Determination of coating thickness by contact probe profilometer
Part 2: Determination of coating thickness by the crater grinding method
Part 3: Determination of adhesion and other mechanical failure modes by a scratch test
Part 4: Determination of chemical composition
Part 5: Determination of porosity
Part 6: Determination of the abrasion resistance of coatings by a micro-abrasion wear test
Part 7: Determination of hardness and Young's modulus by depth sensing indentation
This standard includes an informative annex A and a bibliography.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to announce this European Prestandard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
1 Scope
1.1 This part of ENV 1071 describes a method of measuring the abrasive wear rate of ceramic coatings by
means of a micro-abrasion wear test based on the well known crater grinding technique used for film thickness
determination – see ENV 1071-2.
1.2 The method can provide data on both film and substrate wear rates, either by performing two separate tests
or by careful analysis of the data from a single test series.
1.3 The test method may be applied to samples with planar or non-planar surfaces but the analysis described in
clause 11 applies only to flat samples. For non-planar samples a more complicated analysis, possibly requiring the
use of numerical methods, is required.
3

---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------

SIST ENV 1071-6:2007
ENV 1071-6:2002 (E)
2 Normative references
This European Prestandard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These
normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text, and the publications are listed hereafter. For
dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European
Prestandard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the
publication referred to applies (including amendments).
EN ISO/IEC 17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories (ISO/IEC
17025:1999).
ENV 1071-2, Advanced technical ceramics – Methods of test for ceramic coatings – Part 2: Determination of
coating thickness by the crater grinding method.
ISO GUM, Guidance on the expression of uncertainty in measurement.
ISO 3290, Rolling bearings – Balls – Dimensions and tolerances.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this European Prestandard, the term and definition given below applies.
3.1
abrasive wear rate (also called abrasive wear coefficient)
volume of material removed in unit sliding distance under a normal contact load of 1 N
4 Significance and use
Although few protective coatings are subject to single wear processes, the abrasive wear resistance of such
coatings can play a decisive role in their performance. Hence knowledge of the abrasive wear resistance of
ceramic coatings can help in the proper selection of coatings for applications where abrasion plays a major part in
their degradation. Although techniques exist to measure the abrasive wear behaviour of bulk materials and thick
films (see Bibliography), these techniques are not easily applied to thin films and are difficult to interpret when used
on curved surfaces.
The purpose of this ENV is to provide a method for measuring the abrasion resistance of both thin and thick
coatings and of bulk materials. The test can be carried out on flat surfaces or surfaces with a known radius of
2
curvature, and requires only a few mm of sample. However, the analysis described in clause 11 applies only to flat
samples and is applicable to homogeneous single layer coatings only; errors may occur if the test is used on in-
homogeneous coatings. By proper treatment of the results, as indicated in 11.2, where the test produces
penetration of the coating it can provide abrasion coefficients for both coating and substrate from a single test
series.
Although the test is designed to enable quantitative measurement of wear coefficients, it can be adapted as a
quality control test for use on real components.
5 Principle
In the test, a ball is rotated whilst being pressed against the sample and an abrasive slurry is fed into the contact
zone. A spherical depression is produced and the size of this depression is measured. Where perforation of the
coating has not occurred, the wear rate of the coating can be obtained from a single crater. When perforation of the
coating occurs, by making a series of these craters and measuring the size of the scar dimensions, the wear rate of
both the coating and the substrate can be calculated.
4

---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------

SIST ENV 1071-6:2007
ENV 1071-6:2002 (E)
6 Test parameters
6.1 The specific test parameters include:
a) load
b) speed
c) number of revolutions
d) diameter of ball
e) composition, morphology, and size of abrasive
f) concentration of abrasive
g) abrasive feed rate
h) surface condition of ball
i) composition of test fluid
6.2 The coating/substrate specific parameters include:
a) coating abrasion resistance
b) substrate abrasion resistance
c) coating thickness
d) radius of curvature of sample if any
e) adhesion of coating to the substrate
f) surface finish of coating and substrate
g) deposition process used
7 Apparatus
A ball or a profiled wheel which is rotated and pressed against the coated sample shall be used. When a wheel is
used the sample shall also be rotated. Two variants of the ball system are shown in Figure 1, where either the
sample, mounted on a dead-weight loaded lever, is pressed against a directly driven ball, or the ball’s own weight
presses it against the sample.
In all cases, a slurry of SiC or other suitable abrasive in a suitable liquid, normally water, shall be drip fed into the
contact zone between the ball and the sample, and wear is measured by measuring the size of the wear scar on
the sample using a calibrated microscope.
NOTE 1 The abrasive is normally F1200 SiC, but F1200 silica or other fine abrasive can be used. The average size of the
abrasive should not exceed 4 mm.
An homogeneous slurry shall be ensured during the test. This can be done by stirring the slurry continuously, or by
adding stabilisers.
The balls are typically 25 mm diameter hardened steel (e.g. SAE52100) and shall, prior to any conditioning,
conform to the requirements of ISO 3290.
5

---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------

SIST ENV 1071-6:2007
ENV 1071-6:2002 (E)
NOTE 2 Balls can be used in a polished condition but it has been found - see reference 3, Bibliography - that the test
behaviour is erratic and poor results are obtained if balls are used without conditioning.
The recommended conditioning treatment consists of running the test ball for at least 50 revolutions on a non-
critical part of the sample under normal test conditions before starting the testing.
An abrasive slurry shall be made from the abrasive powder and the chosen liquid in the required proportions.
As the mode of wear that is observed
...