SIST ISO 18920:2014
Imaging materials - Reflection prints - Storage practices
Imaging materials - Reflection prints - Storage practices
ISO 18920:2011 specifies dark storage conditions, storage facilities and procedures for the handling and inspection of reflection prints of all types and sizes.
ISO 18920:2011 is applicable to:
· prints on opaque supports,
· processed black-and-white silver gelatine prints,
· processed multicolour and monochrome colour photographic prints,
· black-and-white and colour prints.
ISO 18920:2011 is applicable to medium-term and extended-term storage conditions.
Matériaux pour l'image - Tirages par réflexion - Directives pour l'archivage
Upodobitveni materiali - Refleksijski natisi - Shranjevanje
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-marec-2014
1DGRPHãþD
SIST ISO 18920:2011
Upodobitveni materiali - Refleksijski natisi - Shranjevanje
Imaging materials - Reflection prints - Storage practices
Matériaux pour l'image - Tirages par réflexion - Directives pour l'archivage
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ISO 18920:2011
ICS:
37.040.20 )RWRJUDIVNLSDSLUILOPLLQ Photographic paper, films
IRWRJUDIVNHSORãþH)LOPVNL and cartridges
]YLWNL
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 18920
Second edition
2011-10-01
Imaging materials — Reflection prints —
Storage practices
Matériaux pour l’image — Tirages par réflexion — Directives pour
l’archivage
Reference number
©
ISO 2011
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s
member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2011 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 2
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Enclosures and containers . 3
5 Storage housings . 3
6 Storage rooms . 4
6.1 Medium-term storage rooms . 4
6.2 Extended-term storage rooms . 4
7 Environmental conditions . 4
7.1 Temperature and humidity specifications for storage . 4
7.2 Environmental conditioning requirements . 7
7.3 Air purity . 8
7.4 Light, use, and display . 8
8 Fire-protective storage . 9
9 Print identification, handling and inspection . 9
9.1 Identification . 9
9.2 Handling . 9
9.3 Inspection . 9
Annex A (informative) Humidity during storage . 11
Annex B (informative) Temperature during storage .12
Annex C (informative) Temperature/relative humidity relationship .13
Annex D (informative) Distinction between originals and copies made for active use .14
Annex E (informative) Air-entrained and gaseous impurities .16
Annex F (informative) Fire protection .17
Annex G (informative) Silver and colour image degradation.18
Annex H (informative) Cold storage practices .19
Annex I (informative) Print stability .20
Bibliography .22
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International
Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 18920 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 42, Photography.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 18920:2000), which has been technically revised.
iv © ISO 2011 – All rights reserved
Introduction
This International Standard is one of a series of standards dealing with the physical properties and stability of
imaging materials.
Photographic and other reflection prints, including hard-copy output from digital imaging systems, have
become increasingly important as documentary and pictorial reference material and art for consumers, as well
as in archives, libraries, government, commerce, museums and academia. This has focused attention on the
importance of preserving such materials to ensure their longest possible life.
The stability and useful life of reflection prints (hereafter referred to as prints) depend on their physical and
chemical properties, as well as on the conditions under which they are stored and used. This International
Standard provides recommendations on proper storage conditions and practices.
The important elements affecting the useful life of prints during storage are as follows:
a) relative humidity and temperature of the storage environment;
b) hazards of fire, water and light exposure;
c) fungal growth and other micro-organisms;
d) contact with certain chemicals in solid, liquid or gaseous form;
e) physical damage;
f) proper processing;
g) enclosures and containers in contact with the print material.
The extent to which the relative humidity and temperature of the storage environment, or variations of both,
can be permitted to reach beyond recommended limits without producing adverse effects will depend upon the
duration of exposure, biological conditions conducive to fungal growth and the accessibility of the atmosphere
to the print surfaces.
The term “archival” is no longer used to express longevity or stability in International Standards on imaging
materials since it has been interpreted to have many meanings, ranging from preserving documents “forever”,
which is unattainable, to temporary storage of actively used materials.
This International Standard defines two levels of recommended storage conditions: medium term and extended
term. Medium-term storage conditions can be used to preserve information for a minimum of 10 years. Extended-
term storage conditions can be used when it is desired to preserve information for as long as possible; these
conditions will prolong the life of all prints, even those not optimized for permanence.
The space requirements and costs for establishing and operating the two levels of storage conditions (medium
term and extended term) differ significantly. Furthermore, the ability to maintain specified limits of temperature
and relative humidity for both sets of storage conditions can be limited due to budgetary constraints, energy
considerations, climatic conditions, building construction, etc. However, any deviation from the specified
conditions will reduce the effectiveness of the storage environment. If such deviation is unavoidable, it is
advisable to select the lowest possible storage temperature that can be maintained. In any event, the best
preservation of prints will be attained with extended-term storage conditions.
This International Standard does not address the various strategies to upgrade substandard environments.
However, institutions with substandard environments and restricted budgets can plan for the improvement
of these environments as resources allow by judicious use of air conditioning, dehumidifiers (or humidifiers),
air circulation and filtration. Although practicalities might force compromises, any improvement in poor
conditions will add to the longevity of materials, even if they do not attain the life expectancies possible with
the environments recommended in this International Standard. The subject of basic air conditioning principles,
the various options and associated costs are outside the scope of this International Standard. There are many
references on this subject.
The storage of traditional paper collections is not within the scope of this International Standard. However,
many archives containing mixed recording media also include such collections. Archivists are encouraged to
review the appropriate standards for those materials specified in ISO 11799 and in the International Standards
listed in Clause 2.
The recommendations of this International Standard for the storage of prints encompass the following:
— storage enclosures, housing and rooms;
— atmospheric and environmental conditions;
— fire protection;
— handling and inspection procedures.
With the exception of fire and associated hazards that are sufficiently common to warrant inclusion of protective
measures, this International Standard does not pertain to means or methods for protecting photographic
reflection prints against natural or man-made catastrophes.
It is understood that the archivist of a multiple media collection might be forced to limit the number of storage
environments that can be provided. This compromise might be based on the value, physical size, quantity or
legal requirements to maximize life expectancy of some collections relative to others. The issues of mixed
media archives and recommendations for their storage are addressed in ISO 18934.
vi © ISO 2011 – All rights reserved
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 18920:2011(E)
Imaging materials — Reflection prints — Storage practices
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies dark storage conditions, storage facilities and procedures for the handling
and inspection of reflection prints of all types and sizes.
This International Standard is applicable to prints on the following opaque supports:
a) fibre-base paper;
b) RC (resin coated) paper;
c) pigmented and other types of plastic supports, e.g. polyester, cellulose acetate;
d) fabric, e.g. canvas, linen.
This International Standard is applicable to the following processed black-and-white silver gelatine prints:
1) wet-processed, including those that have been chemically treated to improve the permanence of the
silver image and/or to modify its colour, e.g. with gold, selenium or sulphur formulations;
1)
2) diffusion transfer, e.g. Polaroid and Fuji Photo Film instant prints ;
3) stabilization-processed (which contain the silver image as well as invisible, chemically stabilized
silver halides).
This International Standard is applicable to the following processed multicolour and monochrome colour
photographic prints:
i) chromogenic, washed and stabilized;
ii) silver dye bleach;
iii) dye transfer;
1)
iv) diffusion transfer, e.g. Polaroid and Fuji Photo Film instant prints , p
...
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 18920
Second edition
2011-10-01
Imaging materials — Reflection prints —
Storage practices
Matériaux pour l’image — Tirages par réflexion — Directives pour
l’archivage
Reference number
©
ISO 2011
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s
member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2011 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 2
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Enclosures and containers . 3
5 Storage housings . 3
6 Storage rooms . 4
6.1 Medium-term storage rooms . 4
6.2 Extended-term storage rooms . 4
7 Environmental conditions . 4
7.1 Temperature and humidity specifications for storage . 4
7.2 Environmental conditioning requirements . 7
7.3 Air purity . 8
7.4 Light, use, and display . 8
8 Fire-protective storage . 9
9 Print identification, handling and inspection . 9
9.1 Identification . 9
9.2 Handling . 9
9.3 Inspection . 9
Annex A (informative) Humidity during storage . 11
Annex B (informative) Temperature during storage .12
Annex C (informative) Temperature/relative humidity relationship .13
Annex D (informative) Distinction between originals and copies made for active use .14
Annex E (informative) Air-entrained and gaseous impurities .16
Annex F (informative) Fire protection .17
Annex G (informative) Silver and colour image degradation.18
Annex H (informative) Cold storage practices .19
Annex I (informative) Print stability .20
Bibliography .22
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International
Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 18920 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 42, Photography.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 18920:2000), which has been technically revised.
iv © ISO 2011 – All rights reserved
Introduction
This International Standard is one of a series of standards dealing with the physical properties and stability of
imaging materials.
Photographic and other reflection prints, including hard-copy output from digital imaging systems, have
become increasingly important as documentary and pictorial reference material and art for consumers, as well
as in archives, libraries, government, commerce, museums and academia. This has focused attention on the
importance of preserving such materials to ensure their longest possible life.
The stability and useful life of reflection prints (hereafter referred to as prints) depend on their physical and
chemical properties, as well as on the conditions under which they are stored and used. This International
Standard provides recommendations on proper storage conditions and practices.
The important elements affecting the useful life of prints during storage are as follows:
a) relative humidity and temperature of the storage environment;
b) hazards of fire, water and light exposure;
c) fungal growth and other micro-organisms;
d) contact with certain chemicals in solid, liquid or gaseous form;
e) physical damage;
f) proper processing;
g) enclosures and containers in contact with the print material.
The extent to which the relative humidity and temperature of the storage environment, or variations of both,
can be permitted to reach beyond recommended limits without producing adverse effects will depend upon the
duration of exposure, biological conditions conducive to fungal growth and the accessibility of the atmosphere
to the print surfaces.
The term “archival” is no longer used to express longevity or stability in International Standards on imaging
materials since it has been interpreted to have many meanings, ranging from preserving documents “forever”,
which is unattainable, to temporary storage of actively used materials.
This International Standard defines two levels of recommended storage conditions: medium term and extended
term. Medium-term storage conditions can be used to preserve information for a minimum of 10 years. Extended-
term storage conditions can be used when it is desired to preserve information for as long as possible; these
conditions will prolong the life of all prints, even those not optimized for permanence.
The space requirements and costs for establishing and operating the two levels of storage conditions (medium
term and extended term) differ significantly. Furthermore, the ability to maintain specified limits of temperature
and relative humidity for both sets of storage conditions can be limited due to budgetary constraints, energy
considerations, climatic conditions, building construction, etc. However, any deviation from the specified
conditions will reduce the effectiveness of the storage environment. If such deviation is unavoidable, it is
advisable to select the lowest possible storage temperature that can be maintained. In any event, the best
preservation of prints will be attained with extended-term storage conditions.
This International Standard does not address the various strategies to upgrade substandard environments.
However, institutions with substandard environments and restricted budgets can plan for the improvement
of these environments as resources allow by judicious use of air conditioning, dehumidifiers (or humidifiers),
air circulation and filtration. Although practicalities might force compromises, any improvement in poor
conditions will add to the longevity of materials, even if they do not attain the life expectancies possible with
the environments recommended in this International Standard. The subject of basic air conditioning principles,
the various options and associated costs are outside the scope of this International Standard. There are many
references on this subject.
The storage of traditional paper collections is not within the scope of this International Standard. However,
many archives containing mixed recording media also include such collections. Archivists are encouraged to
review the appropriate standards for those materials specified in ISO 11799 and in the International Standards
listed in Clause 2.
The recommendations of this International Standard for the storage of prints encompass the following:
— storage enclosures, housing and rooms;
— atmospheric and environmental conditions;
— fire protection;
— handling and inspection procedures.
With the exception of fire and associated hazards that are sufficiently common to warrant inclusion of protective
measures, this International Standard does not pertain to means or methods for protecting photographic
reflection prints against natural or man-made catastrophes.
It is understood that the archivist of a multiple media collection might be forced to limit the number of storage
environments that can be provided. This compromise might be based on the value, physical size, quantity or
legal requirements to maximize life expectancy of some collections relative to others. The issues of mixed
media archives and recommendations for their storage are addressed in ISO 18934.
vi © ISO 2011 – All rights reserved
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 18920:2011(E)
Imaging materials — Reflection prints — Storage practices
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies dark storage conditions, storage facilities and procedures for the handling
and inspection of reflection prints of all types and sizes.
This International Standard is applicable to prints on the following opaque supports:
a) fibre-base paper;
b) RC (resin coated) paper;
c) pigmented and other types of plastic supports, e.g. polyester, cellulose acetate;
d) fabric, e.g. canvas, linen.
This International Standard is applicable to the following processed black-and-white silver gelatine prints:
1) wet-processed, including those that have been chemically treated to improve the permanence of the
silver image and/or to modify its colour, e.g. with gold, selenium or sulphur formulations;
1)
2) diffusion transfer, e.g. Polaroid and Fuji Photo Film instant prints ;
3) stabilization-processed (which contain the silver image as well as invisible, chemically stabilized
silver halides).
This International Standard is applicable to the following processed multicolour and monochrome colour
photographic prints:
i) chromogenic, washed and stabilized;
ii) silver dye bleach;
iii) dye transfer;
1)
iv) diffusion transfer, e.g. Polaroid and Fuji Photo Film instant prints , peel-apart or integral;
v) pigmented gelatine, e.g. carbon, carbro.
This International Standard is applicable to black-and-white and colour prints made with the following systems:
— thermal dye transfer (commonly referred to as dye sublimation);
— thermal wax transfer;
— electro-photographic;
— dye and pigmented ink jet;
— swellable and porous-coated media supports;
— diazo.
1) Polaroid and Fuji Photo Film instant prints are examples of suitable products available commercially. This information
is given for the convenience of users of this International Standard and does not constitute an endorsement by ISO of these
products.
Recommendations for storage of photographic films and storage of processed photographic plates are given
in ISO 18911 and ISO
...
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