SIST EN 12976-2:2017
(Main)Thermal solar systems and components - Factory made systems - Part 2: Test methods
Thermal solar systems and components - Factory made systems - Part 2: Test methods
This European Standard specifies test methods for validating the requirements for Factory Made Thermal Solar Heating Systems as specified in EN 12976-1. The standard also includes two test methods for thermal performance characterization by means of whole system testing.
Thermische Solaranlagen und ihre Bauteile - Vorgefertigte Anlagen - Teil 2: Prüfverfahren
Diese Europäische Norm legt Verfahren für die Prüfung der Erfüllung der Anforderungen für vorgefertigte thermische Solaranlagen fest, wie sie in EN 12976 1 angegeben sind. Die Norm enthält auch zwei Prüfverfahren zur Charakterisierung der Wärmeleistung durch Prüfung der Gesamtanlage.
Installations solaires thermiques et leurs composants - Installations préfabriquées en usine - Partie 2: Méthodes d’essai
La présente Norme européenne spécifie des méthodes d’essai permettant de valider les exigences applicables aux installations de chauffage solaire thermique préfabriquées en usine, telles que spécifiées dans l’EN 12976-1. La Norme comprend également deux méthodes d’essai pour la caractérisation des performances thermiques de l’installation dans son ensemble.
Toplotni sončni sistemi in sestavni deli - Industrijsko izdelani sistemi - 2. del: Preskusne metode
Ta evropski standard določa preskusne metode za preverjanje zahtev za industrijsko izdelane sončne ogrevalne sisteme, kot je določeno v standardu EN 12976-1. Standard vključuje tudi dve preskusni metodi za opredelitev toplotne učinkovitosti s pomočjo preskušanja celotnega sistema.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Thermische Solaranlagen und ihre Bauteile - Vorgefertigte Anlagen - Teil 2: PrüfverfahrenInstallations solaires thermiques et leurs composants - Installations préfabriquées en usine - Partie 2: Méthodes d’essaiThermal solar systems and components - Factory made systems - Part 2: Test methods27.160Solar energy engineeringICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 12976-2:2017SIST EN 12976-2:2017en,fr,de01-april-2017SIST EN 12976-2:2017SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 12976-2:20061DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 12976-2:2017
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 12976-2
January
t r s y ICS
t yä s x r Supersedes EN
s t { y xæ tã t r r xEnglish Version
Thermal solar systems and components æ Factory made systems æ Part
tã Test methods Installations solaires thermiques et leurs composants æInstallations préfabriquées en usine æ Partie
t ã Méthodes d 5essai
Thermische Solaranlagen und ihre Bauteile æ Vorgefertigte Anlagen æ Teil
tã Prüfverfahren This European Standard was approved by CEN on
s w April
t r s xä
egulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alterationä Upætoædate lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CENæCENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN memberä
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CENæCENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versionsä
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austriaá Belgiumá Bulgariaá Croatiaá Cyprusá Czech Republicá Denmarká Estoniaá Finlandá Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedoniaá Franceá Germanyá Greeceá Hungaryá Icelandá Irelandá Italyá Latviaá Lithuaniaá Luxembourgá Maltaá Netherlandsá Norwayá Polandá Portugalá Romaniaá Serbiaá Slovakiaá Sloveniaá Spainá Swedená Switzerlandá Turkey and United Kingdomä
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels
9
t r s y CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Membersä Refä Noä EN
s t { y xæ tã t r s y ESIST EN 12976-2:2017
EN 12976-2:2017 (E) 2 Contents Page European foreword . 6 Introduction . 8 1 Scope . 10 2 Normative references . 10 3 Terms and definitions . 10 4 Symbols and abbreviations . 10 5 Testing . 11 5.1 Freeze resistance . 11 5.1.1 General . 11 5.1.2 Systems using antifreeze fluid . 11 5.1.3 Drain-back systems . 11 5.1.4 Drain-down systems . 12 5.1.5 Freeze protection and combined control functions . 12 5.1.6 Other systems . 12 5.2 Over temperature protection . 13 5.2.1 Purpose . 13 5.2.2 Apparatus . 13 5.2.3 Procedure. 13 5.2.4 Reporting requirements . 14 5.3 Pressure resistance . 14 5.3.1 Purpose . 14 5.3.2 Apparatus . 14 5.3.3 Safety precaution . 15 5.3.4 Procedure. 15 5.3.5 Reporting requirements . 16 5.4 Water contamination . 16 5.5 Testing the resistance against mechanical load . 17 5.5.1 Purpose . 17 5.5.2 Apparatus . 17 5.5.3 Safety precaution . 17 5.5.4 Calculation procedure for the mechanical load . 18 5.5.5 Procedure. 20 5.5.6 Reporting requirements . 20 5.6 Lightning protection . 21 5.7 Safety equipment. 21 5.7.1 Safety valves . 21 5.7.2 Safety lines and expansion lines . 22 5.7.3 Blow-off lines . 22 5.8 Labelling . 22 5.9 Thermal performance characterization . 22 5.9.1 Introduction . 22 5.9.2 Test procedure . 23 5.9.3 Prediction of yearly performance indicators . 24 5.10 Ability of solar-plus-supplementary systems to cover the load . 31 SIST EN 12976-2:2017
EN 12976-2:2017 (E) 3 5.10.1 General . 31 5.10.2 Boundary conditions for auxiliary heating . 31 5.10.3 Boundary conditions for daily load . 32 5.10.4 Determination of the ability to cover the maximum daily load by means of testing the system. 33 5.10.5 Determination of the ability to cover the maximum daily load by means of numerical simulations. 33 5.10.6 Determination of the ability to cover the daily load defined by the European load profiles by means of numerical simulations . 33 5.10.7 Requirements for mixed water at 40 °C . 34 5.11 Reverse flow protection . 36 5.12 Electrical safety . 36 Annex A (normative)
Thermal performance presentation sheet . 37 Annex B (normative)
Reference conditions for performance prediction . 39 B.1 General . 39 B.2 Pipe diameter and insulation thickness . 42 B.3 Calculation of cold water temperature at reference location . 43 B.4 Additional set of reference conditions for annual performance calculations . 44 B.5 Reference conditions for the performance of the auxiliary heater . 47 Annex C (informative)
Assessment of the ability of solar DHW systems to resist the extreme climatic conditions . 48 C.1 Indoor and outdoor test procedure for assessment of the frost resistance of solar DWH systems with outdoor storage tank or system using heat transfer fluid with the risk of freezing . 48 C.1.1 Objective and applicability. 48 C.1.2 Apparatus and mounting of the system . 48 C.1.3 Test procedure . 49 C.1.4 Test conditions — Determination of the test conditions for freezing period . 50 C.1.5 Results . 50 C.2 Indoor test procedure for assessment of the reliability of solar DWH systems in respect of overheating protection . 51 C.2.1 Objective and applicability. 51 C.2.2 Apparatus and mounting of the system . 51 C.2.3 Test procedure . 53 C.2.4 Test conditions . 53 C.2.5 Results . 55 Annex D (informative)
Ageing test for thermostatic valves . 57 D.1 General . 57 D.2 Test arrangement . 57 D.3 Test Procedure . 58 D.4 Results . 59 Annex E (informative)
Lightning protection test for solar heating systems . 60 E.1 Field of application. 60 E.2 Purpose . 60 E.3 Requirements . 60 E.4 Apparatus . 61 E.5 Test procedure . 61 E.5.1 Test conditions . 61 E.5.2 Solar heating system installation. 61 E.5.3 Separation distance St. 61 SIST EN 12976-2:2017
EN 12976-2:2017 (E) 4 E.5.4 Size of the bonding cable or strip . 61 E.5.5 Bridging between tank and supports . 61 E.5.6 Bridging between collectors and supports . 62 E.5.7 Bridging between collectors and tank . 62 E.5.8 Connecting terminal with Lightning Protection System (LPS) . 62 E.5.9 Metal sheets covering parts of the solar heating system . 62 E.5.10 Heating effects due to lightning currents . 62 E.5.11 Mechanical durability due to lightning mechanical loads . 62 E.6 Report . 62 E.7 Conclusions. 62 Annex F (informative)
Lightning Protection testing sheet . 63 Annex G (normative)
Reporting format in the framework of the EU Regulations CDR 811, 812 and 814 dated 2013 . 67 Annex ZA (informative)
Relationship between this European Standard and the energy labelling requirements of Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) No 811/2013 aimed to be covered . 68 Annex ZB (informative)
Relationship between this European Standard and the energy labelling requirements of Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) No 812/2013 aimed to be covered . 70 Annex ZC (informative)
Relationship between this European Standard and the ecodesign requirements of Commission Regulation (EU) No 814/2013 aimed to be covered . 73 Bibliography . 75
Tables Table 1 — Division for factory made and custom built solar heating systems . 9 Table 2 — Selection of the performance test method . 23 Table 3 — Parameter a values for different load volumes . 23 Table 4 — Daily heat demand for load profiles . 28 Table 5 — Adjustment factors . 30 Table 6 — Load profile selection . 30 Table A.1 — Presentation of the system performance indicators for solar-plus-supplementary systems . 37 Table A.2 — Presentation of the system performance indicators for solar-only and solar preheat systems . 38 Table B.1 — Reference conditions for performance presentation . 40 Table B.2 — Pipe diameter and insulation thickness for forced-circulation systems . 42 Table B.3 — Pipe diameter and insulation thickness for thermosiphon systems . 42 Table B.4 — Data for calculation of the cold water temperature at the reference locations. 43 Table B.5 — Reference conditions for performance presentation limited to the deviations from Table B.1 . 44 Table B.6 — Monthly and average annual reference outside air temperatures for two climate zones in °C . 46 SIST EN 12976-2:2017
EN 12976-2:2017 (E) 5 Table B.7 — Monthly and average annual reference solar irradiation for two climate zones in kWh/m² . 46 Table B.8 — Specifications of the average and colder climate hourly data file according to Meteonorm . 46 Table B.9 — Reference conditions the performance of the auxiliary heater, limited to the deviations from Table B.1 . 47 Table C.1 — Test conditions . 50 Table F.1 — Size of bonding cable . 63 Table F.2 — Size of metal cover sheets . 63 Table F.3 — Lightning protection testing sheet . 64 Table ZA.1 —Correspondence between this European Standard and Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) No 811/2013 of 18 February 2013 supplementing Directive 2010/30/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council with regard to energy labelling of space heaters, combination heaters, packages of space heaters, temperature control and solar device and packages of combination heater, temperature control and solar device and Commission’s standardisation request 'M/535/C(2015) 2626’ . 69 Table ZB.1 — Correspondence between this European Standard and Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) No 812/2013 of 18 February 2013 supplementing Directive 2010/30/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council with regard to energy labelling of water heaters, hot water storage tanks and packages of water heater and solar device and Commission’s standardisation request 'M/534/C(2015) 2625’ . 70 Table ZC.1 — Correspondence between this European Standard and Commission Regulation (EU) No 814/2013 of 2 August 2013 implementing Directive 2009/125/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council with regard to ecodesign requirements for water heaters and hot water storage tanks and Commission’s standardisation request 'M/534/C(2015) 2625’ . 74
Figures Figure 1 — Dimensions of the system to be measured . 18 Figure 2 — Force orthogonal to surface of system — Side view . 19 Figure 3 — Energy balance for one-store solar-plus-supplementary systems (example) . 25 Figure 4 — Energy balance for solar-only systems . 26 Figure 5 — Energy balance for solar preheat systems . 27 Figure A.1 — Thermal performance presentation sheet . 37 Figure C.1 — Scheme of the test set-up . 52 Figure D.1 — Test arrangement for thermostatic valve test . 58
SIST EN 12976-2:2017
EN 12976-2:2017 (E) 6 European foreword This document (EN 12976-2:2017) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 312 “Thermal solar systems and components”, the secretariat of which is held by ELOT. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by July 2017, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by July 2017. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 12976-2:2006. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s). For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annexes ZA, ZB or ZC, which are an integral part of this document. Most significant changes in EN 12976-1:2017 and EN 12976-2:2017 since the 2006 editions of both parts: The first edition of the EN 12976 series was published in 2000. The standard series provided an important basis for the assessment of the performance as well as the reliability and durability of Factory made solar thermal systems. In the past 15 years or so, several important technological developments and changes of the framework conditions, such as e.g. the aspect of requiring “Energy Labelling”, the EN 12976 series underwent several important changes. The following modifications are the most important ones that have been implemented in this new edition of EN 12976-2: — main changes related to ErP and the new mechanical load test; — Annex ZA (new): harmonisation with Regulation (EC) No 811/2013; — Annex ZB (new): harmonisation with Regulation (EC) No 812/2013: — Annex ZC (new): harmonisation with Regulation (EC) No 814/2013. It is worth to notice that, based on these changes and developments, the need for the elaboration of a future strategy of the structure of the EN 12976 series is foreseen. EN 12976, Thermal solar systems and components — Factory made systems, is currently composed with the following parts: — Part 1: General requirements; — Part 2: Test methods. SIST EN 12976-2:2017
EN 12976-2:2017 (E) 7 According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. SIST EN 12976-2:2017
EN 12976-2:2017 (E) 8 Introduction Drinking water quality: In respect of potential adverse effects on the quality of water intended for human consumption, caused by the product covered by this standard: a) this standard provides no information as to whether the product may be used without restriction in any of the Member States of the EU or EFTA; b) it should be noted that, while awaiting the adoption of verifiable European criteria, existing national regulations concerning the use and/or the characteristics of this product remain in force. Factory Made and Custom Built solar heating systems: The standards EN 12976-1, EN 12976-2, EN 12977-1, EN 12977-2, EN 12977-3, EN 12977-4 and EN 12977-5 distinguish two categories of solar heating systems: Factory Made solar heating systems and Custom Built solar heating systems. The classification of a system as Factory Made or Custom Built is a choice of the final supplier, in accordance with the following definitions: Factory Made solar heating systems are batch products with one trade name, sold as complete and ready to install kits, with fixed configurations. Systems of this category are considered as a single product and assessed as a whole. If a Fac
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 12976-2:2014
01-julij-2014
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Thermal solar systems and components - Factory made systems - Part 2: test methods
Thermische Solaranlagen und ihre Bauteile - Vorgefertigte Anlagen - Teil 2:
Prüfverfahren
Installations solaires thermiques et leurs composants - Installations préfabriquées en
usine - Partie 2: Méthodes d’essai
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 12976-2 rev
ICS:
27.160 6RQþQDHQHUJLMD Solar energy engineering
oSIST prEN 12976-2:2014 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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oSIST prEN 12976-2:2014
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oSIST prEN 12976-2:2014
EUROPEAN STANDARD
DRAFT
prEN 12976-2 rev
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
May 2014
ICS 27.160 Will supersede EN 12976-2:2006
English Version
Thermal solar systems and components - Factory made systems
- Part 2: test methods
Installations solaires thermiques et leurs composants - Thermische Solaranlagen und ihre Bauteile - Vorgefertigte
Installations préfabriquées en usine - Partie 2: Méthodes Anlagen - Teil 2: Prüfverfahren
d'essai
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 312.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which
stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language
made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United
Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are aware and to
provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without notice and
shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2014 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 12976-2 rev:2014 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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oSIST prEN 12976-2:2014
prEN 12976-2:2014 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword . 3
Introduction . 4
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 6
4 Symbols and abbreviations . 7
5 Testing . 7
5.1 Freeze resistance . 7
5.2 Over temperature protection . 9
5.3 Pressure resistance .10
5.4 Water contamination .12
5.5 (New) Testing the resistance against mechanical load .13
5.6 Lightning protection .17
5.7 Safety equipment .17
5.8 Labelling .18
5.9 Thermal performance characterization .18
5.10 Ability of solar-plus-supplementary systems to cover the load .23
5.11 Reverse flow protection .25
5.12 Electrical safety .25
Annex A (normative) Thermal performance presentation sheet .26
Annex B (normative) Reference conditions for performance prediction.29
B.1 General .29
B.2 Pipe diameter and insulation thickness .31
B.3 Calculation of cold water temperature at reference location .32
Annex C (informative) Assessment of the ability of solar DHW systems to resist the extreme
climatic conditions”. .34
C.1 Indoor and outdoor test procedure for assessment of the frost resistance of solar DWH
systems with outdoor storage tank or system using heat transfer fluid with the risk of
freezing .34
C.2 Indoor test procedure for assessment of the reliability of solar DWH systems in respect
of overheating protection .37
Annex D (informative) Ageing test for thermostatic valves .42
D.1 General .42
D.2 Test arrangement .42
D.3 Test Procedure .43
D.4 Results .43
Annex E (informative) Lightning protection test for solar heating systems .44
E.1 Field of application .44
E.2 Purpose .44
E.3 Requirements .44
E.4 Apparatus .45
E.5 Test procedure .45
E.6 Report .46
E.7 Conclusions .46
Annex F (informative) Lightning Protection testing sheet .47
Bibliography .51
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oSIST prEN 12976-2:2014
prEN 12976-2:2014 (E)
Foreword
This European Standard (EN 12976-2:2014) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 312
“Thermal solar systems and components”, the secretariat of which is held by ELOT.
This European Standard will supersede EN 12976-2:2006.
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oSIST prEN 12976-2:2014
prEN 12976-2:2014 (E)
Introduction
Drinking water quality
In respect of potential adverse effects on the quality of water intended for human consumption, caused by the
product covered by this standard:
a) This standard provides no information as to whether the product may be used without restriction in any
of the Member States of the EU or EFTA;
b) It should be noted that, while awaiting the adoption of verifiable European criteria, existing national
regulations concerning the use and/or the characteristics of this product remain in force.
Factory Made and Custom Built solar heating systems
The standards EN 12976-1, EN 12976-2 EN 12977-1:2012, EN 12977-2:2012, EN 12977-3, EN 12977-4:2012
and EN 12977-5:2012 distinguish two categories of solar heating systems: Factory Made solar heating systems
and Custom Built solar heating systems. The classification of a system as Factory Made or Custom Built is a
choice of the final supplier, in accordance with the following definitions:
Factory Made solar heating systems are batch products with one trade name, sold as complete and ready
to install kits, with fixed configurations. Systems of this category are considered as a single product and
assessed as a whole.
If a Factory Made Solar Heating System is modified by changing its configuration or by changing one or more
of its components, the modified system is considered as a new system for which a new test report is
necessary. Requirements and test methods for Factory Made solar heating systems are given in EN 12976-1
and EN 12976-2.
Custom Built solar heating systems are either uniquely built, or assembled by choosing from an assortment
of components. Systems of this category are regarded as a set of components. The components are
separately tested and test results are integrated to an assessment of the whole system. Requirements for
Custom Built solar heating systems are given in EN 12977-1:2012; test methods are specified in EN 12977-
2:2012, EN 12977-3, EN 12977-4:2012 and EN 12977-5:2012.
Custom Built solar heating systems are subdivided into two categories:
- Large Custom Built systems are uniquely designed for a specific situation. In general HVAC
engineers, manufacturers or other experts design them.
- Small Custom Built systems offered by a company are described in a so-called assortment file, in
which all components and possible system configurations, marketed by the company, are specified.
Each possible combination of a system configuration with components from the assortment is
considered as one Custom Built system.
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Table 1 shows the division for different system types:
Table 1 - Division for factory made and custom built solar heating systems
Factory Made Solar Heating Systems Custom Built Solar Heating Systems
(EN 12976-1:2006 and EN 12976-2:2006) (EN 12977-1:2012, EN 12977-2:2012 and EN 12977-3)
Integral collector storage systems for Forced-circulation systems for hot water preparation
domestic hot water preparation and/or space heating, assembled using components
Thermosiphon systems for domestic hot and configurations described in an assortment file
water preparation (mostly small systems)
Forced-circulation systems as batch Uniquely designed and assembled systems for hot water
product with fixed configuration for preparation and/or space heating
domestic hot water preparation
(mostly large systems)
NOTE 1 Forced circulation systems can be classified either as Factory Made or as Custom Built, depending on the
market approach chosen by the final supplier.
NOTE 2 Both Factory Made and Custom Built systems are performance tested under the same set of reference
conditions as specified in Annex B of the present standard and Annex A of EN 12977-2:2012. In practice, the
installation conditions may differ from these reference conditions.
NOTE 3 A Factory Made system for domestic hot water preparation may have an option for space heating,
however this option should not be used or considered during testing as a Factory Made system.
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oSIST prEN 12976-2:2014
prEN 12976-2:2014 (E)
1 Scope
This European Standard specifies test methods for validating the requirements for Factory Made Thermal
Solar Heating Systems as specified in EN 12976-1. The standard also includes two test methods for thermal
performance characterization by means of whole system testing.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this European Standard. For
dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 9806, Thermal solar systems and components – Factory made systems – Part 2: Test methods
EN 12976-1:2006, Thermal solar systems and components - Factory made systems – Part 1: General
requirements
EN 12977-2:2012, Thermal solar systems and components — Custom built systems — Part 2: Test methods
EN 60335-1, Household and similar electrical appliances - Safety - Part 1: General requirements (IEC 60335-
1:2001, modified)
EN 60335-2-21, Household and similar electrical appliances - Safety - Part 2-21: Particular requirements for
storage water heaters (IEC 60335-2-21:2002, modified)
EN ISO 9488:1999, Solar energy – Vocabulary (ISO 9488:1999)
ISO 9459-1:1993, Solar heating - Domestic water heating systems - Part 1: Performance rating procedure
using indoor test methods
ISO 9459-2:1995, Solar heating – Domestic water heating systems – Part 2: Outdoor test methods for system
performance characterization and yearly performance prediction of solar-only systems
ISO 9459-5:2007, Solar heating – Domestic water heating systems – Part 5: System performance
characterization by means of whole-system tests and computer simulation
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this European Standard, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 9488:1999 and EN
12976-1:2006 apply.
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4 Symbols and abbreviations
Q net auxiliary energy demand of a solar heating system delivered by the auxiliary heater
aux, net
to the store or directly to the distribution system (see 5.8.3.2)
Q heat demand
d
Q energy delivered at the outlet of the solar heating system
L
Q parasitic energy (electricity) for the collector loop pump(s) and control unit
par
H hemispherical solar irradiation in the collector plane
c
Q store heat loss
l
Q
heat diverted from the store as active overheating protection, if any
ohp
Q heat delivered by the collector loop to the store
sol
5 Testing
5.1 Freeze resistance
5.1.1 General
The following checks are given to ensure that the protective anti-freezing provisions are operating properly.
There are many possible forms of protective provisions, and the testing authority shall first identify which
method has been employed.
The provision shall then be checked in accordance with the appropriate section of the following list (see 5.1.2
to 5.1.6) in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations.
5.1.2 Systems using antifreeze fluid
The system components which are exposed to low ambient temperature are filled with an antifreeze fluid,
usually a glycol/water mixture, having a low enough freezing point. For thermo-siphon systems declared as
freeze resistant down to a specific temperature, one possible test procedure described in AS/NZS 2712 is
recommended. This procedure could also be adapted to other systems containing pure water. So far,
electrical heater for freeze protection won’t be tested for suitability.
For these systems, no freezing test is performed. However, if no sufficient data is available on the freezing
point of the antifreeze fluid, the freezing point shall be measured and checked against the minimum system
temperature as given by the manufacturer.
NOTE In general, the minimum allowed temperature of the system is equal to the freezing point of the antifreeze fluid. If
the concentration of some antifreeze fluids - like glycol’s - exceeds a certain limit, they can freeze without damaging the
system. In this case the minimum allowed temperature can be lower than the freezing point of the antifreeze fluid.
Check the freezing point by measuring the glycol concentration (e.g. using a portable refractometer) before
and after the over temperature protection test (5.2). The freezing point shall not differ more than 2 °K.from the
value recommended by the manufacturer in agreement with the local climate (minimum expected air
temperature, radiative cooling of the collectors).
The composition of the fluid shall be checked to see whether it is in accordance with the manufacturer’s
specifications.
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5.1.3 Drain-back systems
When freezing danger occurs, the fluid in the system components that is exposed to low ambient temperature,
is drained into a storage vessel for subsequent reuse.
The collector loop piping should be in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations in the installer
manual and if there is no instruction, according to reference conditions given in Annex B.
Filling may be observed from the pressure gauge or from water level indicator. Switch the pump on, and
observe the pressure gauge or water level indicator. If the system does not include a pressure gauge or level
indicator, other means for checking filling provided by the manufacturer shall be used in accordance with the
instruction manual.
Drain-back may be observed from the decreasing reading of the pressure gauge or water level indicator.
Switch the pump OFF, and observe the pressure gauge or water level indicator. If the system does not include
a pressure gauge or level indicator, other means for checking drain-back provided by the manufacturer shall
be used in accordance with the instruction manual.
A system in which components and/or piping are subject to damage by freezing shall have the proper fittings,
pipe slope and collector design to allow for manual gravity draining and air filling of the affected components
and piping. Pipe slope for gravity draining shall be as the manufacturer recommendation or shall have a
minimum 2 cm vertical drop for each meter of horizontal length. This also applies to any header pipes or
absorber plate riser tubes internal to the collector.
5.1.4 Drain-down systems
The fluid in the system components, which are exposed to low ambient temperature, is drained and run to
waste when freezing danger occurs.
To perform checks of the drain-down function the collector loop piping should be in accordance with the
manufacturer’s recommendations in the installer manual and if there is no instruction, according to reference
conditions given in Annex B.
In most cases the systems are equipped with a drain-down valve at the bottom and a vacuum relief valve at
the top of the fluid circuit.
The proper opening and closing of the vacuum relief valve shall be checked during drain-down operation and
after re-filling the system.
If there is a solenoid drain valve independent of the control unit, simulate the opening temperature.
If there is a non-electrically operated freeze-protection valve, a check can be made using a freezing spray.
The temperature-sensing element shall be sprayed. The measured temperature of the valve opening is to be
compared with the nominal value given by the manufacturer. It is important that the sensing part of the freeze-
protection valve be properly placed.
If the system uses an electrically operated freeze-protection valve, drain down shall be checked while
interrupting the power.
The drain-down rate shall be measured (e.g. by using a vessel and a stop-watch) and documented during
drain-down operation.
5.1.5 Freeze protection and control functions combined
For systems where the freeze-protection and control functions are combined, the control unit shall be checked
as follows:
Set the simulated temperature of the freeze-protection sensor to a value deactivating the freeze protection.
Decrease the simulated temperature slowly. Measure the temperature T of the related
FP (freeze-protection)
actuator. Compare it with the nominal value given by the manufacturer.
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5.1.6 Other systems
For all other systems, the pump control system, drain-down valve or any other freeze protection device or
system shall be checked to the manufacturer's specification and the minimum allowed temperature specified
by the manufacturer.
For ICS systems, or other SDHW systems with the tank placed outside, special frost resistance tests should
be carried out, as described in C.1.
5.2 Over temperature protection
5.2.1 Purpose
The purpose of this test is to determine whether the solar water heating system is protected against damage
and the user is protected from scalding hot water delivery after a period of no hot water draw and failure of
electrical power.
5.2.2 Apparatus
The following apparatus is required:
a) A pyranometer having the minimum characteristics specified in ISO 9806, to measure the total short
wave radiation from both the sun and the sky or the short wave radiation from a solar simulator lamp if
the test is to be conducted inside a solar simulation chamber.
b) Equipment to measure the temperature, flow rate and volume of hot water drawn from the system.
c) An outdoor or an indoor test stand for installing the solar hot water system with the collector array at
the manufacturer's specified tilt angle.
d) A temperature and pressure controlled water supply within the range of 5°C to 25 ºC and 200kPa to
600 kPa or the manufacturer's maximum working pressure whichever is less.
This test may be conducted using a solar simulator or outdoors.
5.2.3 Procedure
The system, both as described in the installation manual and as installed on the test facility, shall be first
checked on overheating safety, e.g. if safety valves and other overheating protection devices are present and
installed at the right place, if there are no valves between components and relief valves etc. For systems
containing antifreeze fluids, it shall be checked whether sufficient precautions have been taken to prevent the
antifreeze fluid from deterioration as a result of high temperature conditions (See also 5.6).
Furthermore, if non-metallic materials are used in any circuit, the highest temperature in the circuit shall be
measured during the over temperature protection test, for use in the pressure resistance test.
The procedure of testing shall be as follows:
a) Assemble the solar water heating system according to the installation instructions with the collector
array oriented towards solar noon for the outdoor test, or the simulator lamp may be adjusted to
normal incidence for the indoor test.
b) Charge the system from the water supply and, for pressurized storage tanks, maintain the water
supply pressure.
c) Energize the system as per installation instructions.
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d) (i) For the outdoor test, operate the system for a minimum of 4 consecutive days without any hot
water withdrawal and until the collector array has been subjected to 2 consecutive days in which the
2
solar irradiation on the plane of the collector array has exceeded 20 MJ/m per day and the ambient
temperature has exceeded 20 ºC during solar noon.
(ii) For the indoor test, operate the system without any hot water withdrawal at an ambient
2
at the plane of the
temperature of (25 ± 2) ºC and a minimum solar lamp irradiance of 1000 W/m
collector array, measured and with a uniformity as specified in ISO 9459-1:1993, 6.3.1.2 for a 5 h
period or until the collector array drains.
e) (i) For the outdoor test, disconnect all electrical power (if there is any) to the system and continue to
operate the system until the solar irradiation on the plane of the collector array has exceeded 20
2
MJ/m per day or until the load circuit drains.
(ii) For the indoor test, disconnect all electrical power to the system and subject the system to a solar
2
lamp irradiance of 1000 W/m at the plane of the collector array for an additional 4 h or until the
collector array drains.
f) Immediately begin to withdraw a volume of water greater than the total volume of water in the system
-4 -5 3
at a rate of 2x10 ± 3x10 m /s (10 ± 1 L/min.)
5.2.4 Reporting requirements
The following results shall be reported:
a) The make and model identification of the system including ancillary scald and over temperature
protection devices fitted as well as a physical description of how over temperature protection should
work according to the manufacture’s documentation.
b) The inclination of the collector array.
c) A record of temperature of the hot water withdrawn from the system versus time and the total volume
of water withdrawn. Note the presence of steam if observed.
d) Details of the condition of the system and individual components following the test or any failure
modes during the test with particular regard to any defects which may affect the serviceability of the
system such as the swelling of pipes and components or fluid leakages.
5.3 Pressure resistance
5.3.1 Purpose
The purpose of this test is to evaluate hydraulic pressure rating of all components and interconnections of a
solar water heating system when installed according to the manufacturer's instructions.
5.3.2 Apparatus
The apparatus shall consist of the following:
a) suitable platform and support structure for installation of the system
b) pressure regulated hydraulic pressure source
c) pressure gauge suitable to determine the test pressure to within 5 %
d) bleed valve
e) isolation valve
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5.3.3 Safety precaution
An explosion safe enclosure is recommended when testing systems that have an integral expansion space or
tank that contains entrapped air.
5.3.4 Procedure
The system, both as described in the installation manual and as installed on the test facility, shall be first
checked on pressure safety, e.g. if safety valves and other overheating protection devices are present and
installed at the right place, if there are no valves between components and relief valves etc.
The duration of the test is 15 min. If a non-metallic material is used in any circuit, this procedure has to be
applied after performing the “over Temperature protection” test (see 5.2).
a) Install the solar water heating system on the test platform in accordance with the manufacturer's
instructions.
b) Disable the pressure relief valves, if applicable, to prevent their opening during testing.
c) Connect the isolation valves to the (lower) fill ports of each circuit of the system
d) Fill all circuits in the order described in the manufacturer’s installer manual using the required fluid for
each circuit. If no information about the fill procedure is provided in the manual, the inner circuits
should be filled first. After filling the upper port of each circuit should remain open to pro
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