SIST EN 12843:2004
(Main)Precast concrete products - Masts and poles
Precast concrete products - Masts and poles
This Standard specifies requirements for precast concrete poles (also commonly called masts) (either all of a piece or composed of elements), reinforced and/or prestressed as structural elements; they may be hollow or solid and may receive or include additional components (e.g. cross-arms, platforms etc.), inserts and connectors. Additional elements may be connected to pole elements.
Structures made from such elements in mono- or multi-legged form may be used for :
- overhead electrical lines ;
- telecommunication lines ;
- overhead electrical lines for railways, trams and similar ;
- supports for lighting ;
- supports for loudspeaker installation ;
- antenna and telecommunication poles ;
- supports for wind turbines ;
- and similar installations.
This Standard does not cover lighting columns for use in traffic circulation areas.
Betonfertigteile - Maste
Dieses Dokument legt Anforderungen an vorgefertigte Betonmaste aus Stahl und/oder Spannbeton, die entweder in einem Stück oder aus mehreren Teilen hergestellt und für tragende Zwecke eingesetzt werden, fest. Die Maste dürfen hohl oder massiv sein oder zusätzliche Elemente (z. B. Querriegel, Arbeitsbühnen usw.), Einbauteile und Anschlüsse aufnehmen oder enthalten. Zusätzliche Elemente dürfen an den Mastbauteilen befestigt sein.
Tragwerke, die aus derartigen Bauteilen in ein oder mehrstieliger Form hergestellt wurden, werden eingesetzt für:
Freileitungen;
Fernmeldeleitungen;
elektrische Oberleitungen für Schienenfahrzeuge;
Ausleger für das Anbringen von Beleuchtung
Ausleger für das Anbringen von Lautsprechern;
Antennen und Fernmeldemaste;
Tragmaste für Windturbinen;
und ähnliche Anlagen.
Dieses Dokument gilt nicht für Lichtmaste an Straßen und befahrenen Flächen.
Produits préfabriqués en béton - Mâts et poteaux
Le présent document spécifie les prescriptions en matiere de poteaux préfabriqués (aussi communément appelés mâts) (d'une piece ou composés de plusieurs éléments), en béton armé et/ou précontraint, utilisés comme éléments de structure ; ils peuvent etre creux ou pleins et peuvent recevoir ou comporter des composants supplémentaires (par exemple des traverses, des plates-formes etc.), des inserts et des connecteurs. Des éléments supplémentaires peuvent etre assemblés aux éléments du poteau.
Les structures constituées de tels éléments, a un ou plusieurs pieds, peuvent etre utilisées pour :
- les lignes électriques aériennes ;
- les lignes de télécommunication ;
- les lignes électriques aériennes pour chemins de fer, tramways et les installations comparables ;
- les supports d'éclairage ;
- les supports d'installation de haut-parleurs ;
- les antennes et poteaux de télécommunication ;
- les supports pour éoliennes ;
- et les installations similaires.
Le présent document ne couvre pas les candélabres utilisés dans les zones de circulation de véhicules.
Montažni betonski izdelki - Stebri in drogovi
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Montažni betonski izdelki - Stebri in drogoviBetonfertigteile - MasteProduits préfabriqués en béton - Mâts et poteauxPrecast concrete products - Masts and poles91.100.30Beton in betonski izdelkiConcrete and concrete productsICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 12843:2004SIST EN 12843:2004en,fr,de01-oktober-2004SIST EN 12843:2004SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
SIST EN 12843:2004
EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 12843September 2004ICS 91.100.30; 29.240.20English versionPrecast concrete products - Masts and polesProduits préfabriqués en béton - Mâts et poteauxBetonfertigteile - MasteThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 24 June 2004.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2004 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 12843:2004: ESIST EN 12843:2004
EN 12843:2004 (E) 2 Contents
The numbering of clauses is strictly related to EN 13369, Common rules for precast concrete products, at least for the first three digits. When a clause of EN 13369 is not relevant or included in a more general reference of this standard, its number is omitted and this may result in a gap on numbering
page Foreword.4 Introduction.6 1 Scope.7 2 Normative references.7 3 Terms and definitions.7 4 Requirements.8 4.1 Material requirements.8 4.1.1 General.8 4.1.5 Inserts and connectors.8 4.2 Production requirements.9 4.3 Finished product requirements.9 4.3.1 Geometrical properties.9 4.3.2 Surface characteristics.9 4.3.3 Mechanical resistance.9 4.3.4 Resistance and reaction to fire.10 4.3.7 Durability.10 4.3.8 Detailing.10 4.3.9 Earth.11 5 Test methods.11 5.1 Tests on concrete.11 5.2 Measuring of dimensions and surface characteristics.12 5.2.1 Appearance of surface finish.12 5.2.2 Measurement of dimensions.12 5.4 Concrete cover.12 5.5 Mechanical resistance, verification by testing.12 5.5.1 General.12 5.5.2 Bending test.12 5.5.4 Torsion test.14 6 Evaluation of conformity and compliance criteria.15 6.1 General.15 6.2 Type testing.15 6.3 Factory production control.15 7 Marking and labelling.15 8 Technical documentation.16 8.1 General.16 8.2 Handling, storage and transportation.16 8.3 Traceability.16 Annex A (normative)
Inspection scheme.17 Annex B (normative)
Concrete cover.18 SIST EN 12843:2004
EN 12843:2004 (E) 3 Annex Y (informative)
Choice of CE marking method.19 Y.1 General.19 Y.2 Method 1.19 Y.3 Method 2.19 Y.4 Method 3.19 Annex ZA (informative)
Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive.20 ZA.1 Scope and relevant characteristics.20 ZA.2 Procedure for attestation of conformity of masts and poles.22 ZA.2.1 System of attestation of conformity.22 ZA.2.2 EC Certificate and Declaration of conformity.23 ZA.3 CE marking and labelling.24 ZA.3.1 General.24 ZA.3.2 Declaration of geometrical data and material properties.25 ZA.3.3 Declaration of product properties.28 ZA.3.4 Declaration of compliance with a given design specification.29 Bibliography.31
SIST EN 12843:2004
EN 12843:2004 (E) 4 Foreword This document (EN 12843:2004) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 229 “Precast concrete products”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR, and was examined by and agreed with a joint working party appointed by the Liaison Group CEN/TC 229 – CEN/TC 250, particularly for its compatibility with structural Eurocodes. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 2005, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June 2006. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of Construction Products
Directive(89/106/EEC) of European Union (EU). For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document. This standard is one of a series of product standards for precast concrete products. For common aspects reference is made to EN 13369 : Common rules for precast products, from which also the relevant requirements of the EN 206-1 : Concrete - Part 1 : Specification, performances, production and conformity are taken. The references to EN 13369 by CEN/TC 229 product standards are intended to make them homogeneous and to avoid repetitions of similar requirements. Eurocodes are taken as a common reference for design aspects. The installation of some structural precast concrete products is dealt with by ENV 13670-1 : Execution of concrete structures – Part 1 : Common rules, which has at the moment the status of an European Prestandard. In all countries it can be accompanied by alternatives for national application and it shall not be treated as a European Standard. The programme of standards for structural precast concrete products comprises the following standards, in some cases consisting of several parts : EN 1168, Precast concrete products - Hollow core slabs prEN 12794, Precast concrete products - Foundation piles EN 12843, Precast concrete products – Masts and poles EN 13224, Precast concrete products - Ribbed floor elements EN 13225, Precast concrete products – Linear structural elements EN 13693, Precast concrete products – Special roof elements prEN 13747, Precast concrete products – Floor plates for floor systems
prEN 13978, Precast concrete products – Precast concrete garages prEN 14843, Precast concrete products - Stairs
prEN 14844, Precast concrete products – Box culverts SIST EN 12843:2004
EN 12843:2004 (E) 5 prEN 14991, Precast concrete products – Foundation elements
prEN 14992, Precast concrete products – Wall elements: Products properties and performances
prEN 15037, Precast concrete products – Beams for beam-and-block floor systems This standard defines in Annex ZA the application methods of CE marking to products designed using the relevant EN Eurocodes (EN 1992-1-1 and EN 1992-1-2). Where, in default of applicability conditions of EN Eurocodes to the works of destination, design provisions other than EN Eurocodes are used for mechanical strength and/or fire resistance, the conditions to affix CE marking to the product are described in ZA.3.4. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. SIST EN 12843:2004
EN 12843:2004 (E) 6 Introduction Products covered by the present standard are structural units mainly designed to resist relevant actions resulting from their specific use. It is in line with the relevant general requirements (EN 1992-1-1 and EN 1992-1-2, EN 13369, EN 206-1,
prEN 50423:2004). It gives, where applicable, requirements related to ambient condition and exposure classes for concrete covers. In general EN 1991 1-1, Eurocode 1, Actions on structures is applicable for actions, but specific uses may require additional information (e.g. wind turbines, overhead electrical lines, overhead electrical lines for railways, trams and similar). In Clauses 4.3.3 and 4.3.8 this standard includes specific provisions resulting from the application of EN 1992-1-1 rules made specific for the concerned product. The use of these provisions is consistent with a design of works made with EN 1992-1-1. SIST EN 12843:2004
EN 12843:2004 (E) 7 1 Scope This document specifies requirements for precast concrete poles (also commonly called masts) (either all of a piece or composed of elements), reinforced and/or prestressed as structural elements; they may be hollow or solid and may receive or include additional components (e.g. cross-arms, platforms etc.), inserts and connectors. Additional elements may be connected to pole elements. Structures made from such elements in mono- or multi-legged form may be used for : overhead electrical lines ; telecommunication lines ; overhead electrical lines for railways, trams and similar ; supports for lighting ; supports for loudspeaker installation ; antenna and telecommunication poles ; supports for wind turbines ; and similar installations. This document does not cover lighting columns for use in traffic circulation areas. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 1992-1-1:2004, Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures - Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings EN 12390-5, Testing hardened concrete – Part 5 : Flexural strength of test specimens. EN 13369:2004, Common rules for precast concrete products. 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 1992-1-1:2004, EN 13369:2004 and the following apply. 3.1 pole (or mast) upright slender structure fixed rigidly at the foot 3.2 foot lower end of a pole SIST EN 12843:2004
EN 12843:2004 (E) 8 3.3 top upper end of a pole 3.4 pole length length from foot to top 3.5 embedment length length of the pole segment firmly fixed in the surrounding of earth or foundation 3.6 specific complementary provision provision valid in the place of use, such as client’s order, or national (non conflicting) complementary standard, specific to a product covered by the present standard 3.7 shock concrete concrete compacted by mechanical shock, e.g. by using excentric shafts to lift and drop casting table 3.8 spun concrete concrete compacted by pressure and vibration using a rotating mould (centrifugal force) 3.9 vacuum concrete concrete exposed to a vacuum, (so the enclosed air and some water are driven to the surface and sucked away, when relieving the vacuum, the air pressure compacts the concrete) 3.10 vibrated concrete concrete compacted by vibrators which may be internal, external or other surface types 3.11 pole straightness maximum allowable deviation of the pole with respect to a line along its total length 4 Requirements 4.1 Material requirements 4.1.1 General For general aspects, constituent materials of concrete, reinforcing and prestressing steel, inserts and connectors, the relevant clauses of EN 13369:2004, Clause 4.1 shall apply. In particular the ultimate tensile and tensile yield strength of steel shall be considered. NOTE The missing numbers correspond to the clauses of EN 13369 included in the general references made in this subchapter. 4.1.5 Inserts and connectors Where applicable inserts and connectors shall comply with complementary requirements, valid in the place of use of the poles. SIST EN 12843:2004
EN 12843:2004 (E) 9 4.2 Production requirements The production of concrete shall comply with EN 13369:2004, Clause 4.2, except for the concrete strength classes (4.2.2.1) that shall be at least C 30/37 for reinforced poles and C 35/45 for prestressed poles; provisions valid in the place of use may require higher values. In particular the compressive strength of concrete shall be considered. 4.3 Finished product requirements NOTE The missing numbers correspond to the clauses of EN 13369:2004 which are not relevant for the purposes of this standard. 4.3.1 Geometrical properties Product dimensions shall be defined on the basis of the specific design and calculations. Complementary provisions can be given or referred to in the client's order. 4.3.1.1 Production tolerances Table 1 shall apply for production tolerances. More stringent values may be required. Dimensions shall be measured in accordance with 5.2.2. Table 1 — Permitted deviations related to work dimension Parameter Permitted deviations Pole length ± 1 % with a maximum of 100 mm Crossectional outer dimensions + 10 % -5 % with a maximum of + 20 mm and of – 15 mm Pole straightness (where applicable) ± 0.3 % of the total length of the unit Pole mass + 10 %
– 5 % of the nominal mass 4.3.2 Surface characteristics When determined according to Clause 5.2.1, the surface of the pole shall be free from damage that may adversely affect its structural integrity or reduce its durability. In the absence of special provisions, blemishes or surface irregularities are admissible, but shall be limited to : diameter ≤ 25 mm ; depth ≤ 5 mm providing the cover is not reduced below the minimum values in 4.3.7.1. The maximum crack width in the cement rich layer caused by shrinkage or temperature shall not exceed 0,2 mm. Finishing of the surface is acceptable providing that the requirements of this document are not adversely affected. 4.3.3 Mechanical resistance Bearing capacity is defined following 4.3.3 of EN 13369:2004. Specific complementary provisions on the actions applied on the pole may be specified by the user/authorities, e.g. : SIST EN 12843:2004
EN 12843:2004 (E) 10 permanent actions ; variable actions ; accidental actions ; other actions (e.g. manipulation, transport, dynamic effects). Where specific complementary provisions define two (or more) loads in relation to each axis of symmetry and corresponding requirements, these shall include at least two from the following requirements : a flexural load with its permissible deformation ; ultimate flexural load, or its serviceability limit load ; ultimate torsional load, and their compliance criteria. Mechanical resistance shall be verified either by calculation or by calculation aided by testing. For calculation, 4.3.3.2 of EN 13369:2004 shall be applied. For calculation aided by testing, 4.3.3.3 of EN 13369:2004 and 5.5 of this document shall be applied.
For the first verification by testing of a calculation method for precise production conditions, using a defined type of concrete and steel, five tests, as described in 5.5 and covering the range of design stress of the products sections, shall be performed. Where this calculation method is applied to two plants or more, with the same production conditions, complementary verification tests covering the stress range shall be performed on three poles of the yet untested production. 4.3.4 Resistance and reaction to fire 4.3.4.4 Reaction to fire Clause 4.3.4.4 of EN 13369:2004 shall apply 4.3.7 Durability For general aspects, surface integrity, steel corrosion resistance, freeze-thaw and water absorption, the relevant Clauses 4.3.7 of EN 13369:2004 shall apply. 4.3.7.4 Concrete cover Concrete cover shall be according to class A or to class B. Class A corresponds to the application of Annex B of the present document, it may be used for products with a design working life not exceeding 30 years and when a specific larger cover is not required by the client. Class B corresponds to the application of clause 4.3.7.4 of EN 13369:2004, it shall be used for a longer design working life or when required by the client.
4.3.8 Detailing For specific applications, the clauses hereafter may be replaced by relevant clauses of EN 1992-1-1: 2004 and the product marked accordingly. SIST EN 12843:2004
EN 12843:2004 (E) 11 4.3.8.1 Spacing of bars When the calculation method has been positively submitted to the relevant tests defined in 5.5.2, the minimum space between individual bars and/or external parts of bundles of reinforcing steel may be : with respect to casting : the maximum aggregate size and ; with respect to anchoring and bonding : 2/3 of the relevant equivalent diameter of reinforcing steel (for reinforcing steel) ; the nominal diameter of tendons with a minimum of 8 mm (for prestressing steel). The above rules do not apply to splices. 4.3.8.2 Transverse reinforcement 4.3.8.2.1
Reinforced concrete poles (for spun concrete see 4.3.8.2.3) Transverse reinforcements are designed according to transverse loads defined either by the producer’s declaration or by a specific order. The maximum pitch of spirals or spacing of links shall result either from the design or from experience according to the state of the art. In particular, when load bearing capacity of the pole is verified by testing according to 5.5, the maximum distance between two transverse reinforcements shall be defined according to the results, with a maximum of 1,50 m. 4.3.8.2.2
Prestressed concrete poles (for spun concrete see 4.3.8.2.3) Where verified by tests defined in 5.5 and justified by experience, transverse reinforcement is not necessary. 4.3.8.2.3
Reinforced or prestressed spun concrete poles The minimum transverse reinforcement ratio shall be : for pole diameters at the foot greater than or equal to 800 mm, 0,15 % of the longitudinal concrete section ; for pole diameters at the foot less than or equal to 400 mm, 0,05 % of the longitudinal concrete section ; for pole diameters at the foot less than 800 mm and greater than 400 mm by linear interpolation between the above mentioned values. 4.3.9 Earth Where applicable, an internal earth connection with appropriate terminals may be incorporated into the pole. Reinforcement may be used as an earth conductor. 5 Test methods 5.1 Tests on concrete
Clause 5.1 of EN 13369:2004 shall be applied. SIST EN 12843:2004
EN 12843:2004 (E) 12 5.2 Measuring of dimensions and surface characteristics 5.2.1 Appearance of surface finish For units made with special surface finishes, acceptance testing should be on the basis of comparison with a sample prepared by the manufacturer and approved by the purchaser. This comparison shall be made under daylight and dry conditions and from a distance corresponding to normal usage. 5.2.2 Measurement of dimensions Dimensions shall be measured with devices having an accuracy of ± 1,0 mm, except for pole length. For pole length the accuracy shall be ± 0,5 %. The measuring devices and testing methods shall be described in the manufacturer’s quality documents. 5.4 Concrete cover The testing of the concrete cover of the reinforcement may be destructive or non-destructive, it shall be performed with an accuracy of ± 2,0 mm. The method used for this testing shall be described in the factory production control. 5.5 Mechanical resistance, verification by testing 5.5.1 General For the verification by testing of a calculation method, the test method described in 5.5.2. and 5.5.3 shall be applied. The producer’s declaration or the purchaser’s requirements may state complementary requirements for this testing method. The age of the tested poles shall not be less than 28 days (which is the recommended age) and not be more than 40 days. The test is composed of : actions and deflections measured during bending moment testing stages ; load when the first transversal crack appears in case of prestressed concrete ; place of section crack (when required) ; ultimate load ; ultimate torsional load. Results are compared with the requirements derived from 4.3.3. 5.5.2 Bending test 5.5.2.1 Testing device The test shall be carried out on a horizontal pole, rigidly embedded, resting on mobile supports that must avoid effects due to its weight and allow its free movement. SIST EN 12843:2004
EN 12843:2004 (E) 13 The embedment test length is defined by the requirements either in the producer’s declaration or in the purchaser’s requirements. It defines the embedment cross section. Unless defined either in the producer’s declaration or in the purchaser’s requirements, loads shall be applied at 90° (± 5°) of the non deformed central axis of the pole extremity, i.e. on the arc of the deformed pole as shown in Figure 1. The loading speed, applied under force control, shall be limited to 100 N/s without any shock or impact. An accuracy of ± 3 % is required on the applied test loads and on the measured deflections. 5.5.2.2 Elastic test Carry out the load application as follows : Stage 0, stabilisation stage. Before measuring, a force F0 to stabilise the embedment is applied in accordance to purchaser requirements or to complementary provisions. Stage 1, elastic stage. Apply successively at least two other forces (F1 < F2) and release them in accordance either with producer’s declaration or with purchaser’s requirements. The deflection f shall be measured (at the nearest mm) in the same direction as the applied force, between zero position (after stage zero) and the position under F. The report shall give all the values F and the corresponding deflections f measured. Figure 2 gives an example of diagram showing the forces F0, F1, F2 with the corresponding deflections f0,f1,f2. The values measured shall be compared with the results of the calculation method, these values shall be inside the tolerances indicated either in the producer’s declaration or in the purchaser’s requirements.
Figure 1 — Bending test principle SIST EN 12843:2004
EN 12843:2004 (E) 14
Key X Force Y Deflection F0 Zero position Figure 2 — Elastic bending test 5.5.3 Load bearing capacity test The test shall be carried out with the testing device as defined in 5.5.2.1. Before test, a force Fo to stabilize the embedment is applied in accordance with purchaser’s requirements or with complementary provisions. The force F shall be applied, in accordance with either the producer’s declaration or the purchaser’s requirements, up to the ultimate force (Fu) which is the maximum force measured by the testing device. The result shall be the force Fu corresponding to the ultimate value in kN. 5.5.4 Torsion test 5.5.4.1 Requirements for testing device The test shall be carried out on a pole in horizontal position (see Figure 3). The top of the pole shall be free to rotate and deflection shall be avoided. The embedment test length is defined by the requirements of the purchaser or by producer’s declaration. It defines the embedment cross section. The increase of the torsion moment shall be limited to 100 Nm/s without any shock or impact. An accuracy of ±3 % shall be required on the applied test loads.
Figure 3 — Torsion test principle SIST EN 12843:2004
EN 12843:2004 (E) 15 5.5.4.2 Test method The tor
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