SIST EN 18054:2025
(Main)Food authenticity - Determination of C and/or N isotope ratios in food by Elemental Analyser - Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry (EA-IRMS)
Food authenticity - Determination of C and/or N isotope ratios in food by Elemental Analyser - Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry (EA-IRMS)
This document covers instrumental analysis by elemental analyser-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (EA-IRMS) of food materials to determine C and/or N isotope ratios.
The isotope ratios obtained by following this document are expressed as δ13C and/or δ15N values relative to international measurement standards.
Sample preparation is not included within this document. It is assumed that the food sample has been pre-treated as necessary and homogenized.
Similarly, the interpretation of the obtained isotope delta values is not covered by this document. Following this protocol will result only in isotope delta values for the sample materials.
Solid and/or liquid sample materials can be analysed following this document.
Although other instrumental techniques can be applied to determine δ13C and/or δ15N values in food materials, these other techniques are not covered by this document.
Lebensmittelauthentizität - Bestimmung von C- und/oder N-Isotopenverhältnissen in Lebensmitteln mittels Elementaranalyse mit Isotopenverhältnis-Massenspektrometrie (EA‑IRMS)
Dieses Dokument legt ein Verfahren für die instrumentelle Analyse von Lebensmitteln mittels Elementaranalysator und einem Isotopenverhältnis-Massenspektrometer (EA-IRMS) zur Bestimmung des C- und/oder N-Isotopenverhältnisses fest.
Die nach diesem Dokument ermittelten Isotopenverhältnisse werden als δ13C und/oder δ15N-Werte relativ zu internationalen Messnormalen ausgedrückt.
Dieses Dokument ist nicht für die Probenvorbereitung anwendbar. Es wird davon ausgegangen, dass die Lebensmittelprobe wie erforderlich vorbehandelt und homogenisiert wurde.
Auch die Interpretation der erhaltenen Isotopen-Delta-Werte wird in diesem Dokument nicht behandelt. Die Anwendung dieses Protokolls führt nur zu Isotopen-Delta-Werten für die Probenmaterialien.
Es können feste und/oder flüssige Probenmaterialien nach diesem Dokument analysiert werden.
Obwohl auch andere instrumentelle Techniken zur Bestimmung von δ13C- und/oder δ15N-Werten in Lebensmitteln angewendet werden können, werden diese anderen Techniken von diesem Dokument nicht abgedeckt.
Authenticité des aliments - Détermination des rapports isotopiques du carbone et/ou de l’azote dans les aliments au moyen d’un analyseur élémentaire couplé à un spectromètre de masse de rapports isotopiques (AE-SMRI)
Le présent document concerne l’analyse instrumentale de produits alimentaires, au moyen d'un analyseur élémentaire couplé à un spectromètre de masse de rapports isotopiques (AE-SMRI), pour déterminer les rapports isotopiques du carbone et/ou de l’azote.
Les rapports isotopiques obtenus conformément au présent document sont exprimés en valeurs δ13C et/ou δ15N en fonction d’étalons de mesure internationaux.
La préparation des échantillons ne figure pas dans le présent document. On suppose que l’échantillon d’aliment a été traité si nécessaire, et homogénéisé.
De la même façon, l’interprétation des valeurs du delta isotopique obtenues n’est pas abordée par le présent document. La mise en oeuvre de ce protocole fournira uniquement des valeurs du delta isotopique pour les échantillons.
Les échantillons solides et/ou liquides peuvent être analysés conformément au présent document.
Bien que d’autres techniques instrumentales puissent être appliquées pour déterminer les valeurs δ13C et/ou δ15N dans les échantillons, ces autres techniques ne sont pas abordées par le présent document.
Pristnost živil - Določevanje razmerja izotopov C in/ali N v živilih z elementarnim analizatorjem - Masna spektrometrija izotopskega razmerja (EA-IRMS)
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-september-2025
Pristnost živil - Določevanje razmerja izotopov C in/ali N v živilih z elementarnim
analizatorjem - Masna spektrometrija izotopskega razmerja (EA-IRMS)
Food authenticity - Determination of C and/or N isotope ratios in food by Elemental
Analyser - Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry (EA-IRMS)
Lebensmittelauthentizität - Bestimmung von C- und/oder N-Isotopenverhältnissen in
Lebensmitteln mittels Elementaranalyse mit Isotopenverhältnis-Massenspektrometrie
(EA‑IRMS)
Authenticité des aliments - Détermination des rapports isotopiques du carbone et/ou de
l’azote dans les aliments au moyen d’un analyseur élémentaire couplé à un
spectromètre de masse de rapports isotopiques (AE-SMRI)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 18054:2025
ICS:
67.050 Splošne preskusne in General methods of tests and
analizne metode za živilske analysis for food products
proizvode
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EN 18054
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
June 2025
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 67.050
English Version
Food authenticity - Determination of C and/or N isotope
ratios in food by Elemental Analyser - Isotope Ratio Mass
Spectrometry (EA-IRMS)
Authenticité des aliments - Détermination des rapports Lebensmittelauthentizität - Bestimmung von C-
isotopiques du carbone et/ou de l'azote dans les und/oder N-Isotopenverhältnissen in Lebensmitteln
aliments au moyen d'un analyseur élémentaire couplé mittels Elementaranalyse mit Isotopenverhältnis-
à un spectromètre de masse de rapports isotopiques Massenspektrometrie (EA-IRMS)
(AE-SMRI)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 14 April 2025.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2025 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 18054:2025 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
European foreword . 4
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 6
4 Principle . 8
4.1 General. 8
4.2 Sample introduction . 8
4.3 Flash-combustion and reduction . 8
4.3.1 General. 8
4.3.2 Inorganic nitrogen . 8
4.4 Gas separation. 9
4.5 Mass spectrometer measurement . 9
4.6 Corrections to initial isotope delta values . 9
4.7 Normalization . 9
5 Reagents and materials . 10
6 Apparatus . 11
7 Procedure . 11
7.1 Prerequisites . 11
7.2 Sample preparation . 11
7.3 Sequence design . 12
7.4 Instrumental tests . 12
7.4.1 General. 12
7.4.2 Backgrounds . 12
7.4.3 Stability of working gas . 12
7.4.4 Linearity of working gas . 13
7.4.5 Calibration of magnet “jump” (dual isotope delta measurements only) . 13
7.5 Instrumental method . 13
7.6 Data processing . 14
7.6.1 General. 14
7.6.2 Rejection of individual runs within a sequence . 14
7.6.3 Data to record. 14
7.6.4 Evaluation of and corrections to raw isotope delta values . 14
7.6.5 Rejection of individual samples within a sequence . 16
7.6.6 Rejection of entire sequences . 16
8 Precision . 17
8.1 General. 17
8.2 Repeatability . 17
8.3 Reproducibility . 18
8.4 Uncertainty. 19
Annex A (informative) Inter-laboratory validation of the method . 21
A.1 Method performance study design . 21
A.2 Data processing . 21
A.3 δ C results . 21
VPDB
A.4 δ N results . 23
Air-N2
Annex B (informative) Data processing example. 26
B.1 General . 26
B.2 Requirements . 26
B.3 Description . 26
B.4 Test data set . 26
B.5 Initial data screening. 28
B.6 Data processing . 29
B.7 Example results . 31
Bibliography . 32
European foreword
This document (EN 18054:2025) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 460 “Food
authenticity”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2025, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by December 2025.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document provides the base for the analytical methods. The setup of the required apparatus depends
to a large extent on its design principles and the specific recommendations of the manufacturers have to
be followed. It is intended to serve as a frame in which the analysts can define their own analytical work
in accordance with the standard procedure.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards body.
A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland,
Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North
Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and the United
Kingdom.
Introduction
Stable isotope ratios of carbon and nitrogen are often expressed as isotope delta values (δ) these are
ratios of the heavier to the lighter isotope of the element in a particular sample relative to the same ratio
within an agreed reference.
Carbon stable isotope ratios can provide information regarding the photosynthetic pathway that forms
the base of the food chain for the biological material in question. For example, the difference between the
Calvin-Benson cycle used by C plants and the Hatch-Slack pathway used by C plants during
3 4
13 12
photosynthesis results in a measurable difference in the ratio of C to C for the sugars and other
subsequent molecules in biosynthesis.
15 14
Nitrogen stable isotope ratios also vary between food groups. The ratio of N to N increases with
trophic level due to preferential excretion of N depleted molecules such as urea or uric acid. Nitrogen
isotope ratios in plant material are also affected by the fertilization regime.
Analysis of stable isotope ratios within foodstuffs has the potential to reveal information regarding origin,
both biological and geographical, adulteration and authenticity. For example, adulteration of honey from
C plants with refined sugars of C origin can be detected, as can the difference between maize-fed (corn,
3 4
a C plant) a
...
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