SIST-TP CEN/TR 17506:2020
(Main)Guidance on data bases for human vibration
Guidance on data bases for human vibration
The purpose of this technical report is to give guidelines for elaborating databases on human vibration for different purposes (emission or immission) and types of exposure (hand arm vibration or whole body vibration).
This Technical Report is restricted to cases where vibration affects persons at work. It is mainly addressed to competent services for the assessment of vibration exposure at the workplace and to national authorities and industrial organizations.
It defines basic requirements to get databanks respecting quality criteria (information to be given regarding exposure, reference standards, machines, persons, key parts, data origin and traceability ...) taken into account the type of exposure (HAV, WBV ...).
Although this report has been mainly designed to facilitate the exchange of data between experts, a section explains the minimum information to be provided and precautions to be taken for databases opened to public. The way the data should be formatted to facilitate the exchange between developers of data bases is covered.
Also this report provides proper terminology to qualify the different families of vibration sources e. g. tools, machines and working conditions (see annex B). This technical report provides a method for classifying the quality of vibration data.
Leitfaden für Datenbanken für Schwingungseinwirkung auf den Menschen
Guide sur les bases de données pour les vibrations sur l'homme
Le présent document vise à fournir un cadre directeur pour l’élaboration de bases de données consacrées aux effets des vibrations sur l’homme à différentes fins (émission ou immission) et pour différents types d’expositions (vibrations transmises au système main-bras ou à l’ensemble du corps).
Le présent document se limite aux vibrations affectant les personnes au travail. Il s’adresse principalement aux services compétents en matière d’évaluation de l’exposition aux vibrations sur le lieu de travail, ainsi qu’aux autorités nationales et aux organisations industrielles.
Il définit des exigences premières pour que les bases de données respectent des critères de qualité (informations à fournir en matière d’exposition, normes de référence, machines, personnes, principales parties, origine et traçabilité des données) prenant en compte le type d’exposition (VBM, VEC).
Bien que le présent document ait pour principale vocation de faciliter l’échange de données entre experts, une section présente les informations minimales à fournir, ainsi que les précautions à prendre pour les bases de données accessibles au grand public. Le présent rapport couvre la façon dont il convient de présenter les données afin de faciliter les échanges entre les concepteurs de bases de données.
Il fournit également la terminologie adéquate pour qualifier les différentes familles de sources de vibrations, telles que les machines tenues à la main, les machines et les conditions de travail par exemple (voir l’Annexe B). Le présent document fournit une méthode de classification de la qualité des données relatives aux vibrations.
Navodilo za podatkovne baze o človeških vibracijah
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST-TP CEN/TR 17506:2020
01-oktober-2020
Navodilo za podatkovne baze o človeških vibracijah
Guidance on data bases for human vibration
Leitfaden für Datenbanken für Schwingungseinwirkung auf den Menschen
Guide sur les bases de données pour les vibrations sur l'homme
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN/TR 17506:2020
ICS:
13.160 Vpliv vibracij in udarcev na Vibration and shock with
ljudi respect to human beings
SIST-TP CEN/TR 17506:2020 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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CEN/TR 17506
TECHNICAL REPORT
RAPPORT TECHNIQUE
July 2020
TECHNISCHER BERICHT
ICS 13.160
English Version
Guidance on databases for human vibration
Recommandations relatives aux bases de données Leitfaden zu Datenbanken für
consacrées aux effets des vibrations sur l'homme Schwingungseinwirkungen auf den Menschen
This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 29 June 2020. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 231.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2020 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN/TR 17506:2020 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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Contents Page
European foreword . 4
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 6
4 Requirements for databases . 6
5 Policy and quality criteria for data . 8
5.1 Skills and competencies of measurement technicians . 8
5.2 Quality of data collection procedure . 9
5.3 Uncertainty . 11
5.4 Sharing of data . 11
Annex A (informative) Guidance on what should be said in the introduction to users of
vibration database . 12
A.1 Objective . 12
A.2 Target audience . 12
A.3 Owner information . 12
A.4 Instructions for use . 12
A.5 Restriction for use. 13
A.6 Last updating . 13
Annex B (informative) Main categories of tools and mobile machines . 14
B.1 General . 14
B.2 Hand-arm vibration. 14
B.2.1 Hand-held tools or machines . 14
B.2.2 Worked materials . 42
B.2.3 Activity . 43
B.2.4 Attachments . 45
B.3 Whole-body vibration. 47
B.3.1 Mobile machines . 47
B.3.2 Surface type . 61
B.3.3 Surface quality. 64
B.3.4 Activity . 65
B.3.5 Accessories . 67
Annex C (informative) Data traceability . 68
C.1 General . 68
C.2 Vibration acquisition and recording traceability . 68
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C.2.1 General . 68
C.2.2 Hand-arm vibration . 68
C.2.2.1 Data to be recorded. 68
C.2.2.2 Presentation of results . 69
C.2.3 Whole-body vibration . 71
C.2.3.1 Data to be recorded. 71
C.2.3.2 Presentation of results . 71
C.3 Input management . 72
C.4 Data Output traceability: Provenance . 73
Annex D (informative) Exchange of human vibration data . 74
D.1 Introduction. 74
D.1.1 General . 74
D.1.2 Considerations when sharing machine vibration data . 74
D.1.3 Terms and definitions . 74
D.2 Data exchange . 75
D.3 Additional data exchange considerations . 79
Bibliography . 81
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European foreword
This document (CEN/TR 17506:2020) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 231
“Mechanical vibration and shock”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
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Introduction
European legislation — especially the Physical Agents Directive 2002/44/EC (Vibrations at work) —
requires that employers assess workplace risks to the health and safety of their employees.
EU Machinery Directive (2006/42/EC), Annex I, 1.7.4.3, requires that manufacturers provide
information on vibration emission in commercial documents.
There are different types of databases (declared values = emission values, magnitude vibration
data = imission values, physiological or epidemiological data).
Generally magnitude vibration databases are splitted into two parts according to the type of exposure:
hand-arm or whole-body vibration.
According to their content, databases are assumed to be for:
a) research (epidemiology, comparison of methods for vibration analysis);
b) control of exposure (risk assessment, reduced risk);
c) enforcement;
d) market surveillance;
e) compensation cases;
f) impact analysis for legal regulations;
g) performance of seat suspension systems.
According to their purpose, databases are elaborated for vibration experts, hygienists or machines
users.
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1 Scope
The purpose of this document is to give guidelines for elaborating databases on human vibration for
different purposes (emission or immission) and types of exposure (hand-arm vibration or whole-body
vibration).
This document is restricted to cases where vibration affects persons at work. It is mainly addressed to
competent services for the assessment of vibration exposure at the workplace and to national
authorities and industrial organizations.
It defines basic requirements to get databanks respecting quality criteria (information to be given
regarding exposure, reference standards, machines, persons, key parts, data origin and traceability)
taken into account the type of exposure (HAV, WBV).
Although this document has been mainly designed to facilitate the exchange of data between experts, a
section explains the minimum information to be provided and precautions to be taken for databases
opened to public. The way the data should be formatted to facilitate the exchange between developers
of databases is covered.
Also this document provides proper terminology to qualify the different families of vibration sources
e.g. tools, machines and working conditions (see Annex B). This document provides a method for
classifying the quality of vibration data.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
No terms and definitions are listed in this document.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
4 Requirements for databases
Vibration exposure data recorded in databases should follow the measurement methods recommended
by EN ISO 5349-1 and EN ISO 5349-2 for hand-arm vibration, and series ISO 2631 and EN 14253 for
whole-body vibration.
Declared values should be made in accordance with EN ISO 20643.
Annex A informs about the introduction to users of vibration database.
Annex B provides for the different categories of tools and mobile machines the corresponding standards
on vibration declared values. Tables 1 and 2 list respectively tools and mobile machines main
characteristics and measurement parameters. According to the object and quality of data, parameters
are hierarchized into 3 types:
Type I:
a) Field measurement (e.g. a or a ): Basic data are provided to help employers for estimating
wmax hv
vibration exposure at a workplace.
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b) Declared value (A): Basic data (laboratory measurements, emission values) are provided to help
employers for comparing vibration.
Type II: In addition to the parameters listed in Type I, detailed data or analysis are provided, such as
determining parameters which may affect vibration exposure.
Type III: In addition to the parameters listed in Type II, more detailed data are provided, e.g. for
research. They are also useful for the construction of the database. These data are more intended for
experts.
Table 1 — Hand-arm vibration: list of hierarchized parameters
Parameters Tool and environment Measurement
2
Field measurement: a , (m/s )
hv
uncertainty if possible
Workplace, tasks, material worked, tool
Identification and qualification of
category, model, energy (battery, electric,
providers
Type I
pneumatic, thermic, hydraulic), inserted tool
Declared value: Test code reference +
and ancillary equipment
2
year. a (m/s ) + K value, operating
hd
condition(s), if declared
Photograph (machine, task);
Weight (kg), power (W) in the case of drills,
cutters, planers, nibblers, mixers, rivers,
saws, polishers and grinders, cutting;
Duration of measurements (s)
Impact rate (strikes/min) in the case of
Type II
Data origin (literature, specialized
hammers, surface cleaners, compactors;
technical report)
−1
Revolution per minute (min );
Equipment dimensions (mm) in the case of
fixing equipment;
Torque (N∙m) in the case of screwdrivers.
2
a , a , a (m/s )
hx hy hz
Other frequency weightings
Unweighted frequency spectra, signal
Condition: year of tool purchase
time history
Maintenance: regularly checked according to
Type III (non
Date of measurement,
a formal program, no check
exhaustive
Measurement strategy
Instruction manual year/edition (where
list)
(see EN ISO 5349-2:2001, Annex E)
declared data were found)
Noise immission value.
Instruction manual (e.g. as PDF file)
Traceability: measurement reports (see
EN ISO 5349-2)
Coupling force
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Table 2 — Whole-body vibration: list of hierarchized parameters
Parameters Machine and environment Measurement
Type I Work cycle, tasks, quality of travelling Max a with seated operator or a
wS wF
surfaces, machine category, model, model of
with standing operator + uncertainty, if
seat suspension, attached equipment
possible
2
a , a , a (m/s )
wx wy wz
Identification and qualification of
providers
Location of measurement
Test code reference + year
2
Declared value a (m/s ) + K value,
hd
operating condition(s), if declared
Type II Photograph (machine, task, surface) Data origin (literature, specialized
technical report
3
Mass (t), loaded capacity (t or m )
SEAT
Loaded or unloaded
Seat test code reference + year
Speed (loaded/unloaded)
Duration (h)
Type III (non Number of used hours Unweighted frequency spectra, signal
exhaustive time history
Maintenance: regularly checked according to
list)
a formal program, no check VDV
Driver weight ISO 2631-5
Type of tires Duration of measurements, date of
measurement
Instruction manual year/edition (where
declared data were found) Frequency spectrum
Instruction Manual (e.g. as PDF file) Noise immission value
Traceability: measurement reports
Lists of tools and mobile machines with international names and schema are given in Annex B to assist
database developers. Additional tables characterized the different working conditions such as:
1) For tools. Worked materials, activity and attached equipments.
2) For mobile machines. Surface type, surface quality, working cycle and equipments.
5 Policy and quality criteria for data
5.1 Skills and competencies of measurement technicians
Planning and performance of vibration measurements and interpretation of their results is often
complex.
The quality of the measurement results is dependent upon the persons performing measurement being
capable of doing so in accordance with the rules and current good practice, by virtue of their training
and additional expertise or their experience.
Measurement errors caused for example by non-representative operating conditions or failure to
recognize disturbance variables can be avoided if measurement technicians are adequately qualified.
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Equally, measurement uncertainty can be reduced to a minimum by proper application of the
measurement methods, such as the location of the measurement point, and adequate duration of
measurement and number of repeat measurements.
Owing to differences between the impact of hand-arm and whole-body vibration, knowledge of the
relevant standards (EN ISO 5349-2 and EN 14253, including the further standards to which they make
reference) is recommended.
The knowledge of the individuals performing measurement may vary; for example, the laboratory
manager shall specify a suitable instrument and quality assurance of traceable calibration. On site, the
measurement technician shall for example recognize disturbance factors and errors in recording of the
data. Participation in appropriate interlaboratory proficiency tests is recommended for accredited
vibration data providers.
The following list provides an overview of the essential issues relating to expertise and skills:
a) physical principles of vibration;
b) implementation of standards and measurement methods;
c) analysis methods for the identification of measurement methods and disturbance factors;
d) development of a measurement strategy (number of measurement points, repeat measurements,
duration of measurement);
e) consideration of additional parameters (e.g. coupling forces, machine speed);
f) selection of suitable instruments including calibrators and accessories, and verification of the
measurement equipment;
g) estimation of the measurement uncertainty in accordance with the ISO/IEC Guide 98-3 (GUM,
Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement).
5.2 Quality of data collection procedure
Confidence of data depends on the expertise of personnel, quality safety system, number of
measurements done for each machine, measurement protocol, representativeness of operator using the
machine. The source of data should be clearly identified:
a) data from any available sources such as literature, exchange of data between laboratories,
manufacturers;
b) data through organized campaigns of measurements with a well-defined protocol;
c) data from laboratories with trained technicians (see 5.3).
Data may be classified into eight categories as shown in Table 3 according to the way they were
collected. It is preferable that data are provided together with a copy of the measurement report with
all information regarding the conditions of measurement, see Annex C.
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Table 3 — Quality criteria classification according to the source of data
Classification of data
a) Vibration meter to EN ISO 8041-1 (with regular verification, e.g. every 2 years and regular
checks using an in situ calibrator scheduled to cover the gaps between calibrations)
1
b) Measurements were confirmed by several measuring bodies
c) The measurements were performed at several machines with several test subjects
a) Vibration meter to EN ISO 8041-1 (with regular verification, e.g. every 2 years and regular
checks using an in situ calibrator scheduled to cover the gaps between calibrations)
2
b) Measured values were obtained by a single measuring body
c) The measurements were performed at several machines with several test subjects
a) Vibration meter to EN ISO 8041-1 (with regular verification, e.g. every 2 years and regular
checks using an in situ calibrator scheduled to cover the gaps between calibrations)
3
b) Measured value was obtained by a single measuring body
c) The measurements were performed at a single machine with several test subjects
a) Vibration meter to EN ISO 8041-1 (with regular verification, e.g. every 2 years and regular
checks using an in situ calibrator scheduled to cover the gaps between calibrations),
b) Measured value was obtained by a single measuring body,
c) The measurements were performed at a single machine with a single test subject with
4
several repeat measurements or
d) The measurements were performed at a single machine with several test subjects and
several repeat measurements, but with a simulated work cycle, e.g. also substitute
processes
a) Vibration meter to EN ISO 8041-1 (with regular verification, e.g. every 2 years and regular
checks using an in situ calibrator scheduled to cover the gaps between calibrations)
b) Measured value was obtained by a single measuring body
5
c) The measurements were performed at a single machine with a single test subject with
several repeat measurements but with a simulated work process or manufacturer’s
instructions (unless precisely specified)
Vibration meter to EN ISO 8041-1 (with regular verification, e.g. every 2 years and regular
6
checks using an in situ calibrator scheduled to cover the gaps between calibrations)
a) Vibration meter with a weighting curve to EN ISO 8041-1
7
b) One measurement taken at random
a) Guide measurement
8
b) Literature details (unless precisely specified)
NOTE The procedure to measure vibration transmitted to the operators by mobile machines and most
energised tools is relatively reliable. This is not the case for vibration transmitted by manual hammers or some
highly impulsive hand-held machines such as powered actuated gas nail gun.
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5.3 Uncertainty
For data measurement at workplaces, repeat measurements should be used to provide a mean and
th th
standard deviation value, or an indication of the range of results (e.g. median, 25 and 75 percentile)
1)
where this is more appropriate . However, these values primarily provide an indication of the natural
range of vibration values at different times.
For vibration emission data the database should provide the declared value and the uncertainty
(K value) as well as the measurement procedure, see Annex C.
In each case information providing an indication of measurement uncertainty should be provided (see
Annex C).
Measurement uncertainty is related to many factors, which may be summarized as:
a) experience of the person or persons performing out the measurement (see 5.1),
b) nature of the task being studied (measurement for some machines is relatively simple compared to
others, e.g. push grass mower compared to chain saw),
c) co-operation of the operator(s) being studied,
d) quality of instrumentation (including transducers),
e) suitability of the transducer to the task,
f) location and mounting of the transducer and
g) quality of post measurement data processing.
Instrumentation uncertainties may be quantified, and are controlled by the relevant instrumentation
standard, EN ISO 8041-1. Other uncertainties are much more difficult to assess. Some uncertainty
factors will introduce systematic errors (e.g. a transducer unsuited to very high vibration may generally
provide vibration measurements that are too low when used on impactive machines). Other factors will
be difficult to predict (e.g. an inexperienced operator may mount the transducer in poorly selected or
inconsistent positions which in some cases will give a higher measurement result than the true
vibration, while others will give a lower result).
5.4 Sharing of data
Consideration of the practical aspects of sharing of data from databases is given in Annex D, including:
a) clearance of data (data protection);
b) data formatting (database tables, spread sheets, delimited text files);
c) presentation of data related to the human vibration measures.
1) Standard deviation is appropriate where there are repeated measurements of the same task, such that the
objective is an average value for that task. For comparison of similar tasks, or similar tools (e.g. typical use of a
180 mm grinder) median and percentile values are more appropriate.
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Annex A
(informative)
Guidance on what should be said in the introduction to
users of vibration database
A.1 Objective
Database managers should describe the principal objectives of their application, e.g. to
a) facilitate the evaluation by estimation of the risk of vibrations in those cases where the tasks and
machines to be evaluated are similar to those reflected in the database,
b) provide vibration values measured in the field to promote interventions to reduce the vibration
risk without having to do measurements,
c) assist buyers to identify equipments that reduce to a minimum the risk when purchasing new
machines,
d) plan the use of equipments that present a vibration risk,
e) support manufacturers in producing new machinery in compliance with the Machinery Directive.
The level of vibration emission may be assessed with reference to comparative emission data for
similar machinery.
The database owner shall indicate the type of data (emission or exposure values declared by
manufacturers, vibration values measured in the field) and the quality of data, see Clauses 4 and 5.
A.2 Target audience
When designing a database, it is important to keep in mind who may be the users.
Examples of database users are: hygienists, machines users, health and safety consultants, labour
inspectors, employers, manufacturers, consumers, purchasers, employee representatives, vibration
experts etc.
A.3 Owner information
Most vibration databases were developed by national institutions or universities working on health and
safety at work, trade unions or manufacturers. The function (trustworthiness, independence,
intentions) of the owner should be specified. The database owners shall state that they have made every
effort to ensure that as a minimum all data satisfy the quality requirements of this Technical Report.
Some owners give free access to the public. The access to some databases may be restricted to members
of a corporation or to people for research.
A.4 Instructions for use
Users of a database will expect to find a guide for its use and instructions for reading data. The nature of
data (values measured in the field or laboratory, declared values…) should be specified. Information on
how data were collected, incertitudes and criteria of acceptance or rejection should be provided.
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A
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
kSIST-TP FprCEN/TR 17506:2020
01-maj-2020
Navodilo za podatkovne baze o človeških vibracijah
Guidance on data bases for human vibration
Leitfaden für Datenbanken für Schwingungseinwirkung auf den Menschen
Guide sur les bases de données pour les vibrations sur l'homme
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: FprCEN/TR 17506
ICS:
13.160 Vpliv vibracij in udarcev na Vibration and shock with
ljudi respect to human beings
kSIST-TP FprCEN/TR 17506:2020 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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kSIST-TP FprCEN/TR 17506:2020
FINAL DRAFT
TECHNICAL REPORT
FprCEN/TR 17506
RAPPORT TECHNIQUE
TECHNISCHER BERICHT
March 2020
ICS
English Version
Guidance on data bases for human vibration
Guide sur les bases de données pour les vibrations sur Leitfaden für Datenbanken für
l'homme Schwingungseinwirkung auf den Menschen
This draft Technical Report is submitted to CEN members for Vote. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC
231.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a Technical Report. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without
notice and shall not be referred to as a Technical Report.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2020 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. FprCEN/TR 17506:2020 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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Contents Page
European foreword . 4
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 6
4 Requirements for databases . 6
5 Policy and quality criteria for data . 8
5.1 Skills and competencies of measurement technicians . 8
5.2 Quality of data collection procedure . 9
5.3 Uncertainty . 11
5.4 Sharing of data . 11
Annex A (informative) Guidance on what should be said in the introduction to users of
vibration database . 12
A.1 Objective . 12
A.2 Target audience . 12
A.3 Owner information . 12
A.4 Instructions for use . 12
A.5 Restriction for use. 13
A.6 Last updating . 13
Annex B (informative) Main categories of tools and mobile machines . 14
B.1 General . 14
B.2 Hand-arm vibration. 14
B.2.1 Hand-held tools or machines . 14
B.2.2 Worked materials . 41
B.2.3 Activity . 42
B.2.4 Attachments . 44
B.3 Whole-body vibration. 46
B.3.1 Mobile machines . 46
B.3.2 Surface type . 59
B.3.3 Surface quality. 65
B.3.4 Activity . 66
B.3.5 Accessories . 68
Annex C (informative) Data traceability . 69
C.1 General . 69
C.2 Vibration acquisition and recording traceability . 69
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C.2.1 General . 69
C.2.2 Hand-arm vibration . 69
C.2.2.1 Data to be recorded. 69
C.2.2.2 Presentation of results . 70
C.2.3 Whole-body vibration . 72
C.2.3.1 Data to be recorded. 72
C.2.3.2 Presentation of results . 72
C.3 Input management . 73
C.4 Data Output traceability: Provenance . 74
Annex D (informative) Exchange of human vibration data . 75
D.1 Introduction. 75
D.1.1 General . 75
D.1.2 Considerations when sharing machine vibration data . 75
D.1.3 Terms and definitions . 75
D.2 Data exchange . 76
D.3 Additional data exchange considerations . 80
Bibliography . 82
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kSIST-TP FprCEN/TR 17506:2020
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European foreword
This document (FprCEN/TR 17506:2020) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 231
“Mechanical vibration and shock”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This document is currently submitted to the Vote on TR.
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Introduction
European legislation — especially the Physical Agents Directive 2002/44/EC (Vibrations at work) —
requires that employers assess workplace risks to the health and safety of their employees.
EU Machinery Directive (2006/42/EC), Annex I, 1.7.4.3, requires that manufacturers provide
information on vibration emission in commercial documents.
There are different types of databases (declared values = emission values, magnitude vibration
data = imission values, physiological or epidemiological data).
Generally magnitude vibration databases are splitted into two parts according to the type of exposure:
hand-arm or whole-body vibration.
According to their content, databases are assumed to be for:
a) research (epidemiology, comparison of methods for vibration analysis;
b) control of exposure (risk assessment, reduced risk);
c) enforcement;
d) market surveillance;
e) compensation cases;
f) impact analysis for legal regulations;
g) performance of seat suspension systems.
According to their purpose, databases are elaborated for vibration experts, hygienists or machines
users.
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1 Scope
The purpose of this document is to give guidelines for elaborating databases on human vibration for
different purposes (emission or immission) and types of exposure (hand-arm vibration or whole-body
vibration).
This document is restricted to cases where vibration affects persons at work. It is mainly addressed to
competent services for the assessment of vibration exposure at the workplace and to national
authorities and industrial organizations.
It defines basic requirements to get databanks respecting quality criteria (information to be given
regarding exposure, reference standards, machines, persons, key parts, data origin and traceability)
taken into account the type of exposure (HAV, WBV).
Although this document has been mainly designed to facilitate the exchange of data between experts, a
section explains the minimum information to be provided and precautions to be taken for databases
opened to public. The way the data should be formatted to facilitate the exchange between developers
of databases is covered.
Also this document provides proper terminology to qualify the different families of vibration sources
e.g. tools, machines and working conditions (see Annex B). This document provides a method for
classifying the quality of vibration data.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
No terms and definitions are listed in this document.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
4 Requirements for databases
Vibration exposure data recorded in databases should follow the measurement methods recommended
by EN ISO 5349-1 and EN ISO 5349-2 for hand-arm vibration, and series ISO 2631 and EN 14253 for
whole-body vibration.
Declared values should be made in accordance with EN ISO 20643.
Annex B provides for the different categories of tools and mobile machines the corresponding standards
on vibration declared values. Tables 1 and 2 list respectively tools and mobile machines main
characteristics and measurement parameters. According to the object and quality of data, parameters
are hierarchized into 3 types:
Type I:
a) Field measurement (e.g. a or a ): Basic data are provided to help employers for estimating
wmax hv
vibration exposure at a workplace.
b) Declared value (A): Basic data (laboratory measurements, emission values) are provided to help
employers for comparing vibration.
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Type II: In addition to the parameters listed in Type I, detailed data or analysis are provided, such as
determining parameters which may affect vibration exposure.
Type III: In addition to the parameters listed in Type II, more detailed data are provided, e.g. for
research. They are also useful for the construction of the database. These data are more intended for
experts.
Table 1 — Hand-arm vibration: list of hierarchized parameters
Parameters Tool and environment Measurement
2
Field measurement: a , (m/s )
hv
uncertainty if possible
Workplace, tasks, material worked, tool
Identification and qualification of
category, model, energy (battery, electric,
providers
Type I
pneumatic, thermic, hydraulic), inserted tool
Declared value: Test code reference +
and ancillary equipment
2
year. a (m/s ) + K value, operating
hd
condition(s), if declared
Photograph (machine, task);
Weight (kg), power (W) in the case of drills,
cutters, planers, nibblers, mixers, rivers,
saws, polishers and grinders, cutting;
Duration of measurements (s)
Impact rate (strikes/min) in the case of
Type II
Data origin (literature, specialized
hammers, surface cleaners, compactors;
technical report)
−1
Revolution per minute (min );
Equipment dimensions (mm) in the case of
fixing equipment;
Torque (N∙m) in the case of screwdrivers.
2
a , a , a (m/s )
hx hy hz
Other frequency weightings
Unweighted frequency spectra, signal
Condition: year of tool purchase
time history
Maintenance: regularly checked according to
Type III (non
Date of measurement,
a formal program, no check
exhaustive
Measurement strategy
Instruction manual year/edition (where
list)
(see EN ISO 5349-2:2001, Annex E)
declared data were found)
Noise immission value.
Instruction manual (e.g. as PDF file)
Traceability: measurement reports (see
EN ISO 5349-2)
Coupling force
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Table 2 — Whole-body vibration: list of hierarchized parameters
Parameters Machine and environment Measurement
Type I Work cycle, tasks, quality of travelling Max a with seated operator or a
wS wF
surfaces, machine category, model, model of
with standing operator + uncertainty, if
seat suspension, attached equipment
possible
2
a , a , a (m/s )
wx wy wz
Identification and qualification of
providers
Location of measurement
Test code reference + year
2
Declared value a (m/s ) + K value,
hd
operating condition(s), if declared
Type II Photograph (machine, task, surface) Data origin (literature, specialized
technical report
3
Mass (t), loaded capacity (t or m )
SEAT
Loaded or unloaded
Seat test code reference + year
Speed (loaded/unloaded)
Duration (h)
Type III (non Number of used hours Unweighted frequency spectra, signal
exhaustive time history
Maintenance: regularly checked according to
list)
a formal program, no check VDV
Driver weight ISO 2631-5
Type of tires Duration of measurements, date of
measurement
Instruction manual year/edition (where
declared data were found) Frequency spectrum
Instruction Manual (e.g. as PDF file) Noise immission value
Traceability: measurement reports
Lists of tools and mobile machines with international names and schema are given in Annex B to assist
database developers. Additional tables characterized the different working conditions such as:
1) For tools. Worked materials, activity and attached equipments.
2) For mobile machines. Surface type, surface quality, working cycle and equipments.
5 Policy and quality criteria for data
5.1 Skills and competencies of measurement technicians
Planning and performance of vibration measurements and interpretation of their results is often
complex.
The quality of the measurement results is dependent upon the persons performing measurement being
capable of doing so in accordance with the rules and current good practice, by virtue of their training
and additional expertise or their experience.
Measurement errors caused for example by non-representative operating conditions or failure to
recognize disturbance variables can be avoided if measurement technicians are adequately qualified.
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Equally, measurement uncertainty can be reduced to a minimum by proper application of the
measurement methods, such as the location of the measurement point, and adequate duration of
measurement and number of repeat measurements.
Owing to differences between the impact of hand-arm and whole-body vibration, knowledge of the
relevant standards (EN ISO 5349-2 and EN 14253, including the further standards to which they make
reference) is recommended.
The knowledge of the individuals performing measurement may vary; for example, the laboratory
manager shall specify a suitable instrument and quality assurance of traceable calibration. On site, the
measurement technician shall for example recognize disturbance factors and errors in recording of the
data. Participation in appropriate interlaboratory proficiency tests is recommended for accredited
vibration data providers.
The following list provides an overview of the essential issues relating to expertise and skills:
a) physical principles of vibration;
b) implementation of standards and measurement methods;
c) analysis methods for the identification of measurement methods and disturbance factors;
d) development of a measurement strategy (number of measurement points, repeat measurements,
duration of measurement);
e) consideration of additional parameters (e.g. coupling forces, machine speed);
f) selection of suitable instruments including calibrators and accessories, and verification of the
measurement equipment;
g) estimation of the measurement uncertainty in accordance with the ISO/IEC Guide 98-3 (GUM,
Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement).
5.2 Quality of data collection procedure
Confidence of data depends on the expertise of personnel, quality safety system, number of
measurements done for each machine, measurement protocol, representativeness of operator using the
machine. The source of data should be clearly identified:
a) data from any available sources such as literature, exchange of data between laboratories,
manufacturers;
b) data through organized campaigns of measurements with a well-defined protocol;
c) data from laboratories with trained technicians (see 5.3).
Data may be classified into eight categories as shown in Table 3 according to the way they were
collected. It is preferable that data are provided together with a copy of the measurement report with
all information regarding the conditions of measurement, see Annex C.
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Table 3 — Quality criteria classification according to the source of data
Classification of data
a) Vibration meter to EN ISO 8041-1 (with regular verification, e.g. every 2 years and regular
checks using an in situ calibrator scheduled to cover the gaps between calibrations)
1
b) Measurements were confirmed by several measuring bodies
c) The measurements were performed at several machines with several test subjects
a) Vibration meter to EN ISO 8041-1 (with regular verification, e.g. every 2 years and regular
checks using an in situ calibrator scheduled to cover the gaps between calibrations)
2
b) Measured values were obtained by a single measuring body
c) The measurements were performed at several machines with several test subjects
a) Vibration meter to EN ISO 8041-1 (with regular verification, e.g. every 2 years and regular
checks using an in situ calibrator scheduled to cover the gaps between calibrations)
3
b) Measured value was obtained by a single measuring body
c) The measurements were performed at a single machine with several test subjects
a) Vibration meter to EN ISO 8041-1 (with regular verification, e.g. every 2 years and regular
checks using an in situ calibrator scheduled to cover the gaps between calibrations),
b) Measured value was obtained by a single measuring body,
c) The measurements were performed at a single machine with a single test subject with
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several repeat measurements or
d) The measurements were performed at a single machine with several test subjects and
several repeat measurements, but with a simulated work cycle, e.g. also substitute
processes
a) Vibration meter to EN ISO 8041-1 (with regular verification, e.g. every 2 years and regular
checks using an in situ calibrator scheduled to cover the gaps between calibrations)
b) Measured value was obtained by a single measuring body
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c) The measurements were performed at a single machine with a single test subject with
several repeat measurements but with a simulated work process or manufacturer’s
instructions (unless precisely specified)
Vibration meter to EN ISO 8041-1 (with regular verification, e.g. every 2 years and regular
6
checks using an in situ calibrator scheduled to cover the gaps between calibrations)
a) Vibration meter with a weighting curve to EN ISO 8041-1
7
b) One measurement taken at random
a) Guide measurement
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b) Literature details (unless precisely specified)
NOTE The procedure to measure vibration transmitted to the operators by mobile machines and most
energised tools is relatively reliable. This is not the case for vibration transmitted by manual hammers or some
highly impulsive hand-held machines such as powered actuated gas nail gun.
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5.3 Uncertainty
For data measurement at workplaces, repeat measurements should be used to provide a mean and
th th
standard deviation value, or an indication of the range of results (e.g. median, 25 and 75 percentile)
1)
where this is more appropriate . However, these values primarily provide an indication of the natural
range of vibration values at different times.
For vibration emission data the database should provide the declared value and the uncertainty
(K value) as well as the measurement procedure, see Annex C.
In each case information providing an indication of measurement uncertainty should be provided (see
Annex C).
Measurement uncertainty is related to many factors, which may be summarized as:
a) experience of the person or persons performing out the measurement (see 5.1),
b) nature of the task being studied (measurement for some machines is relatively simple compared to
others, e.g. push grass mower compared to chain saw),
c) co-operation of the operator(s) being studied,
d) quality of instrumentation (including transducers),
e) suitability of the transducer to the task,
f) location and mounting of the transducer and
g) quality of post measurement data processing.
Instrumentation uncertainties may be quantified, and are controlled by the relevant instrumentation
standard, EN ISO 8041-1. Other uncertainties are much more difficult to assess. Some uncertainty
factors will introduce systematic errors (e.g. a transducer unsuited to very high vibration may generally
provide vibration measurements that are too low when used on impactive machines). Other factors will
be difficult to predict (e.g. an inexperienced operator may mount the transducer in poorly selected or
inconsistent positions which in some cases will give a higher measurement result than the true
vibration, while others will give a lower result).
5.4 Sharing of data
Consideration of the practical aspects of sharing of data from databases is given in Annex D, including:
a) clearance of data (data protection);
b) data formatting (database tables, spread sheets, delimited text files);
c) presentation of data related to the human vibration measures.
1) Standard deviation is appropriate where there are repeated measurements of the same task, such that the
objective is an average value for that task. For comparison of similar tasks, or similar tools (e.g. typical use of a
180 mm grinder) median and percentile values are more appropriate.
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Annex A
(informative)
Guidance on what should be said in the introduction to
users of vibration database
A.1 Objective
Database managers should describe the principal objectives of their application, e.g. to
a) facilitate the evaluation by estimation of the risk of vibrations in those cases where the tasks and
machines to be evaluated are similar to those reflected in the database,
b) provide vibration values measured in the field to promote interventions to reduce the vibration
risk without having to do measurements,
c) assist buyers to identify equipments that reduce to a minimum the risk when purchasing new
machines,
d) plan the use of equipments that present a vibration risk,
e) support manufacturers in producing new machinery in compliance with the Machinery Directive.
The level of vibration emission may be assessed with reference to comparative emission data for
similar machinery.
The database owner shall indicate the type of data (emission or exposure values declared by
manufacturers, vibration values measured in the field) and the quality of data, see Clauses 4 and 5.
A.2 Target audience
When designing a database, it is important to keep in mind who may be the users.
Examples of database users are: hygienists, machines users, health and safety consultants, labour
inspectors, employers, manufacturers, consumers, purchasers, employee representatives, vibration
experts etc.
A.3 Owner information
Most vibration databases were developed by national institutions or universities working on health and
safety at work, trade unions or manufacturers. The function (trustworthiness, independence,
intentions) of the owner should be specified. The database owners shall state that they have made every
effort to ensure that as a minimum all data satisfy the quality requirements of this Technical Report.
Some owners give free access to the public. The access to some databases may be restricted to members
of a corporation or to people for research.
A.4 Instructions for use
Users of a database will expect to find a guide for its use and instructions for reading data. The nature of
data (values measured in the field or laboratory, declared values…) should be specified. I
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