SIST EN 15830:2012
(Main)Rough-terrain variable reach trucks - Visibility - Test methods and verification
Rough-terrain variable reach trucks - Visibility - Test methods and verification
This European Standard applies to rough-terrain variable reach trucks (herein-after referred to as ‘trucks’) that have a specific seated operator’s position, on the left hand side of the boom, or centre position (excluding operator position on the right side of the boom). This European Standard specifies a static test method for determining and evaluating the operator’s visibility on a rectangular 1 m boundary close around the rough-terrain variable reach truck and on a 12 m visibility test circle. Performance requirements for visibility are specified in this standard. This European Standard does not apply to rough-terrain variable reach trucks designed to handle freight containers (rough-terrain reach stackers). It applies to trucks for operation on work sites.
Geländegängige Flurförderzeuge mit veränderlicher Reichweite - Sichtverhältnisse - Prüfverfahren und Verifizierung
Diese europäische Norm findet Anwendung bei geländegängigen Flurförderzeugen mit veränderlicher Reichweite (hier als „Flurförderzeuge“ bezeichnet), die eine besondere sitzende Bedienposition auf der linken Seite des Auslegers oder eine Mittelposition besitzen (ausgeschlossen Bedienposition auf der rechten Seite des Auslegers). Diese europäische Norm beschreibt eine statische Prüfmethode für die Prüfung und Beurteilung der Sicht für die Bedienperson auf einer rechtwinkeligen 1 m Grenze nahe um das geländegängige Flurförderzeug mit veränderlicher Reichweite und einem 12 m Sichtprüfkreis. Leistungskriterien an die Sicht sind in dieser Norm spezifiziert. Diese europäische Norm gilt nicht für Geländegängige Flurförderzeuge mit veränderlicher Reichweite, die für das Befördern von Containern konstruiert sind (Reach stacker). Diese Norm findet Anwendung bei Flurförderzeugen zum Einsatz auf Firmengeländen
Chariots à portée variable tout-terrain - Visibilité - Méthodes d'essai et vérification
La présente Norme Européenne s'applique aux chariots à portée variable tout-terrain (ci-après désignés par « chariots ») qui disposent d'une position spécifique pour le conducteur assis, du côté gauche de la flèche, ou au centre, (ce qui exclut le poste de l’opérateur du côté droit de la flèche).
La présente Norme Européenne spécifie une méthode d'essai statique qui permet de déterminer et d'évaluer la visibilité du conducteur, mesurée sur un contour rectangulaire dont la limite est située à 1 m autour du chariot à portée variable tout-terrain et sur un cercle d'essai de visibilité de 12 m de rayon. Des spécifications de performance pour la visibilité sont spécifiées dans cette norme.
La présente Norme Européenne ne s'applique pas aux chariots à portée variable tout-terrain conçus pour manipuler des conteneurs (reach-stackers tout-terrain).
Elle s'applique aux chariots utilisés sur des lieux de travail.
Vozila za talni transport - Terenski viličarji z ročico spremenljivega dosega - Vidno polje voznika - Preskusne metode in preverjanje
Ta evropski standard se uporablja za terenske viličarje z ročico spremenljivega dosega (v nadaljnjem besedilu: viličarji) s posebnim položajem sedeža upravljavca na levi strani ročice ali na sredini (položaj upravljavca na desni strani ročice je izključen). Ta evropski standard določa statično preskusno metodo za ugotavljanje in oceno vidnega polja upravljavca na pravokotni meji 1 m okrog terenskega viličarja z ročico spremenljivega dosega in na krogu za preskus vidnega polja voznika 12 m. Zahtevane lastnosti za vidno polje voznika so navedene v tem standardu. Ta evropski standard se ne uporablja za terenske viličarje z ročico spremenljivega dosega za rokovanje z zabojniki (terenski zlagalniki z ročico spremenljivega dosega). Uporablja se za viličarje, ki delujejo na delovišču.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Geländegängige Flurförderzeuge mit veränderlicher Reichweite - Sichtverhältnisse - Prüfverfahren und VerifizierungChariots à portée variable tout-terrain - Visibilité - Méthodes d'essai et vérificationRough-terrain variable reach trucks - Visibility - Test methods and verification53.060Industrijski tovornjakiIndustrial trucksICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 15830:2012SIST EN 15830:2012en,fr,de01-oktober-2012SIST EN 15830:2012SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
SIST EN 15830:2012
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 15830
May 2012 ICS 53.060 English Version
Rough-terrain variable reach trucks - Visibility - Test methods and verification
Chariots à portée variable tout-terrain - Visibilité - Méthodes d'essai et vérification
Geländegängige Flurförderzeuge mit veränderlicher Reichweite - Sichtverhältnisse - Prüfverfahren und Verifizierung This European Standard was approved by CEN on 22 January 2012.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels © 2012 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 15830:2012: ESIST EN 15830:2012
EN 15830:2012 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword .4Introduction .51 Scope .62 Normative references .63 Terms and definitions .64 Basic dimensions . 104.1 Light bulb spacing dimensions . 104.2 Masking dimensions . 104.3 Reference dimensions for the measurement . 105 Test apparatus . 115.1 Test load . 115.2 Light source apparatus . 115.3 Vertical test object . 115.4 Observation mirror . 116 Truck test configuration . 116.1 Equipment of the truck . 116.2 Openings . 126.3 Position of the truck and load handling attachment . 126.3.1 General . 126.3.2 Tests in normal travel mode . 126.3.3 Tests with suspended load . 136.3.4 Lorry trailer loading condition . 147 Measurement procedure . 147.1 Test-surface marking and truck location on the test surface . 147.2 Positioning of the test apparatus . 157.3 Measurement of the masking . 167.3.1 General . 167.3.2 Measurement at the visibility test circle . 167.3.3 Measurement at the rectangular 1 m boundary . 167.4 Fork arm visibility . 177.5 Requirements for derivative trucks . 188 Calculation method and computer simulation . 188.1 Calculation method. 188.2 Computer simulation . 189 Evaluation method and performance criteria . 189.1 Visibility performance criteria on the visibility test circle . 189.2 Visibility performance criteria for the rectangular 1 m boundary . 199.3 Visibility masking that exceed the visibility performance criteria with direct view . 239.4 Fork arm visibility criteria . 2310 Test reports . 2310.1 Truck details . 2310.2 Drawing . 2311 Information for use . 23Annex A (normative)
Light bulb spacing dimensions . 25Annex B (informative)
Performance criteria for additional devices . 26SIST EN 15830:2012
EN 15830:2012 (E) 3 B.1 Performance criteria for mirrors . 26B.2 Performance criteria for CCTV system . 26Annex C (informative)
Procedure for the determination of masking at the visibility test circle or the rectangular 1 m boundary . 27Annex D (informative)
Examples of drawings for the test report . 28Annex ZA (informative)
Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC . 30Bibliography . 31 SIST EN 15830:2012
EN 15830:2012 (E) 4 Foreword This document (EN 15830:2012) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 150 “Industrial trucks - Safety”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2012, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by November 2012. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s). For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. SIST EN 15830:2012
EN 15830:2012 (E) 5 Introduction This European Standard is a type-C standard as stated in EN ISO 12100. The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations and events are covered are indicated in the scope of this standard. Where there are provisions of this type-C standard which are different from those which are stated in type A or B standards, the provisions of this type-C standard take precedence over the provisions of the other standards, but only for machines that have been designed and built in accordance with the provisions of this type-C standard. The purpose of this standard is to address the operator's visibility in such a manner that the operator can see around the rough-terrain variable reach truck to enable proper, effective and safe operation that can be quantified in objective engineering terms. This standard includes a test method that uses two lights placed at the location of the operator’s eyes. The masking due to the truck, its components and attachments and a standard test load are determined around the truck, starting at a boundary line 1 m away from the smallest rectangle that encompasses the truck out to the visibility test circle. The radius of the circle is 12 m. The method used does not capture all of the aspects of the operator’s visibility, but provides information to assist in determining the acceptability of visibility from the truck. Criteria are included in this standard to provide guidance for designers as to the extent of visibility masking that are acceptable. Due to the operator’s capability and the operation mode of the truck, the test method divides the area around the truck into six sectors: the front (sector A), to the front sides (sectors B and C), to the rear sides (sectors D and E), and to the rear (sector F). For each of the sectors, the operator has physical characteristics that are considered. Besides the eye spacing of 65 mm (the nominal binocular eye spacing of the 50th percentile operator), additional adjustments (up to the limits specified in Tables 2 and 3) can be made considering that the operator has the capability to turn the head and move the body torso side to side. The eye spacings used are less than the maximum permitted values based on the ergonomics of the operator. This is done to maintain the current state-of-the-art of trucks. Standard test loads are carried on or suspended from, devices on the truck during the visibility tests. They are intended to be dimensionally representative of typical loads carried by rough-terrain variable reach trucks and are used to determine their masking effects and to define representative boom geometry of the truck in normal uses. The established visibility performance criteria are based on the physical aspects of the human operators and ground personnel using various representative dimensions and the design of trucks that have provided acceptable visibility. To establish the visibility criteria, a combination of the eye spacings and masking widths are used. Multiple masking in sectors are acceptable where there is adequate spacing between the individual masking. Where the direct visibility is considered inadequate, additional devices for indirect visibility [mirrors or closed circuit television cameras (CCTV)], can be used to achieve acceptable visibility. For the rectangular 1 m boundary (RB) additional devices for indirect visibility (mirrors or CCTV) are preferred. Other aids (see ISO 16001) can be used exceptionally.
SIST EN 15830:2012
EN 15830:2012 (E) 6 1 Scope This European Standard applies to rough-terrain variable reach trucks (herein-after referred to as ‘trucks’) that have a specific seated operator’s position, on the left hand side of the boom, or centre position (excluding operator position on the right side of the boom). This European Standard specifies a static test method for determining and evaluating the operator’s visibility on a rectangular 1 m boundary close around the rough-terrain variable reach truck and on a 12 m visibility test circle. Performance requirements for visibility are specified in this standard. This European Standard does not apply to rough-terrain variable reach trucks designed to handle freight containers (rough-terrain reach stackers). It applies to trucks for operation on work sites. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 1459:1998+A2:2010, Safety of industrial trucks—Self-propelled variable reach trucks EN 13545:2002, Pallet superstructures - Pallet collars - Test methods and performance requirements EN 13698-2:2003, Pallet production specification - Part 2: Construction specification for 1000 mm x 1200 mm flat wooden pallets EN ISO 3411:2007, Earth-moving machinery — Physical dimensions of operators and minimum operator space envelope (ISO 3411:2007) EN ISO 21898:2005, Packaging - Flexible intermediate bulk containers (FIBCs) for non-dangerous goods (ISO 21898:2004) EN ISO 5353:1998, Earth-moving machinery, and tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry — Seat index point (ISO 5353:1995) EN ISO 12100:2010, Safety of machinery — General principles for design — Risk assessment and risk reduction (ISO 12100:2010)
ISO 6016:2008, Earth-moving machinery — Methods of measuring the masses of whole machines, their equipment and components
3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 12100:2010 and EN 1459:1998+A2:2010 and the following apply. 3.1 trucks
3.1.1 variable reach truck counterbalanced lift truck used for stacking loads with an articulated boom SIST EN 15830:2012
EN 15830:2012 (E) 7 Note 1 to entry: The boom may be telescopic or not, non-slewing or have a slewing movement of no more than 5° either side of the longitudinal axis of the truck. 3.1.2 rough-terrain variable reach truck variable reach truck designed for operation on unimproved natural or disturbed terrain or areas 3.1.3 compact truck truck having a maximum height in normal travel mode of 2 150 mm and: a maximum operating mass according to ISO 6016 of 6 000 kg, and/or a maximum width in normal travel mode of 1 850 mm Note 1 to entry: These dimensions do not include equipments such as working lights, mirrors, etc. 3.1.4 rigid-frame truck rough terrain variable reach truck having a rigid frame and wheel steering 3.1.5 articulated-frame truck rough terrain variable reach truck with an articulated frame which accomplishes the steering of the truck 3.2 test surface area of compacted earth or firm surface that forms the ground reference plane for the visibility measurements, with a gradient of no more than 3 % in any direction 3.3 filament position centre point (FPCP) centre at the midpoint of the line between the light-bulb filaments, located 680 mm above and 20 mm in front of the seat index point (SIP) as described in ISO 5353 (see Figure 1) SIST EN 15830:2012
EN 15830:2012 (E) 8 Dimensions in mm
Key LB light bar LS light bulb spacing SIP seat index point S seat FPCP filament position centre point Figure 1 — Light source apparatus 3.4 visibility-test locations
3.4.1 visibility test circle (VTC) circle with 12 m radius located on the ground reference plane with its centre vertically below the filament position centre point. Circle is divided into six visibility sectors (see Figure 2) 3.4.2 rectangular 1 m boundary (RB) line on the ground reference plane located at 1 m distance from the outside machine rectangular boundary (see Figure 4, Figure 5 and Figure 7) 3.4.3 sector of vision A segment of the visibility test surface to the front of the truck, defined by a 9,5 m chord length for the 12 m radius that is perpendicular to the longitudinal plane passing through the filament position centre point with the chord length bisected by the longitudinal plane (see Figure 2) 3.4.4 sectors of vision B and C segments of the visibility test surface to the front of the truck outside sector A and bounded by the transverse plane through the filament position centre point (see Figure 2) 3.4.5 sectors of vision D and E segments of the visibility test surface to the rear defined by an angle of 45° to both the right and left sides of the longitudinal plane passing through the filament position centre point (see Figure 2) SIST EN 15830:2012
EN 15830:2012 (E) 9 3.4.6 sector of vision F segment of the visibility test circle to the rear between sectors D and E (see Figure 2) Dimensions in m
Key VTC visibility test circle FPCP filament position centre point RB rectangular 1m boundary TMB test machine boundary Y forward direction of the truck A, B, C, D, E, F sectors of vision Figure 2 — Visibility test boundary 3.5 masking shadow on the 12 m visibility test circle or on the rectangular 1 m boundary created because parts of the base truck and/or its equipment and/or the test load block the light rays from both of the light bulb filaments Note 1 to entry: Parts that can cause masking include, e.g. rollover protective structures (ROPS), window and door frames, exhaust pipes, the engine hood and equipment or attachment, such as bucket, boom, test load. 3.6 light source apparatus test unit intended to simulate the position of the operator eyes, and the possible movements of their head (See Figure 1) 3.7 light bulb spacing distance between the vertical centre axis of the considered light-bulb filaments (See Figure 1) SIST EN 15830:2012
EN 15830:2012 (E) 10 3.8 light bar rigid support on which the light-bulbs are fixed and aligned (See Figure 1) 3.9 visibility performance criteria criteria for the design of rough-terrain variable reach trucks to enable an operator to see objects in the area around the truck during truck operation and specified as maximum allowed masking at the 12 m visibility test circle or at the rectangular 1 m boundary 3.10 test load simulated load used for the purpose of visibility tests intended to be dimensionally representative of typical loads which might be carried by the truck in normal use 3.11 direct and indirect visibility 3.11.1 direct visibility visibility by direct line to the light source 3.11.2 indirect visibility visibility with the aid of mirrors or with other aids (e.g. CCTV) fitted to the truck 3.12 derivative truck truck modified or fitted with equipment and/or attachments that influence visibility (see also 7.5) 4 Basic dimensions 4.1 Light bulb spacing dimensions The light bulb spacing shall conform to Annex A. 4.2 Masking dimensions Maximum masking dimensions for each test are given in Tables 2 and 3. 4.3 Reference dimensions for the measurement This standard specifies the following three reference dimensions for measurement: a) 1 m, the distance used in conjunction with the rectangular 1 m boundary line around the truck and test load to describe the near field (closest distance) around the truck. b) 1,5 m, the maximum height above the ground reference plane on which a visibility observation in the near field is made, based on the height of 5 % of the truck operators. c) 12 m, the radius of the visibility test circle on a horizontal surface measured from the filament position centre-point. SIST EN 15830:2012
EN 15830:2012 (E) 11 5 Test apparatus 5.1 Test load Test loads shall have characteristics according to Table 1: Table 1 – Test load characteristics Truck rated capacity (kg) Test load dimensions (height x width x depth) (mm) Fork mounted test load Suspended test load ≤5 000 825 x 1 200 x 1 000 (a) 1 000 x 1 000 x 1 000(b) >5 000
1 200 x 1 200 x 1 200 1 000 x 1 000 x 1 000(b) (a) simulating an EN 13698-2:2003 pallet with 4 x 200 mm high EN 13545:2002 pallet collars
(b) the dimensions of the test load and height carried beneath forks (6.3.3) approximate to a typical filled ‘Flexible Intermediate Bulk Container’ (FBIC) as described in EN ISO 21898:2005
The test loads shall not permit transmission of light through their surfaces which could affect the visibility test results.
5.2 Light source apparatus
The light source apparatus is capable of positioning a light bar horizontally with two halogen light bulbs (e.g. H5-type 60 W or equivalent) mounted with the bulbs vertically. Each light bulb shall be horizontally movable on the light bar from 32,5 mm up to 202,5 mm on each side of the filament position centre-point. It shall be possible to rotate the light bar through 360° around the filament position centre point. The filament position centre point shall be located 680 mm above and 20 mm in front of the seat index point (SIP) as described by ISO 5353 (see Figure 1). 5.3 Vertical test object The vertical test object is 1,5 m high, 100 mm wide, used to evaluate the masking on the rectangular 1 m boundary. It is considered as a 2 dimensional object, without depth. It shall be maintained substantially perpendicular to the test surface throughout the tests.
5.4 Observation mirror To determine the masking on the visibility test circle or the rectangular 1 m boundary, a hand held mirror can be used to detect the line-of-sight between the light source and the ground reference plane or vertical test object. The observation mirror shall have a maximum size of 100 mm x 150 mm.
NOTE Other apparatus giving equivalent results is acceptable. 6 Truck test configuration 6.1 Equipment of the truck The truck shall be equipped with standard fork arms and equipment according to the manufacturer’s standard specification. SIST EN 15830:2012
EN 15830:2012 (E) 12 6.2 Openings All truck openings, such as doors and windows, shall be closed. 6.3 Position of the truck and load handling attachment 6.3.1 General The truck shall be positioned on the test surface with the filament position centre point vertically above the visibility test circle centre point. The front side of the truck shall be directed to sector A. 6.3.2 Tests in normal travel mode 6.3.2.1 Test with fork mounted load The test load shall be positioned centrally (laterally) and rearwards (longitudinally) on the fork. The boom shall be fully retracted and its height adjusted so that dimension A (see Figure 4) is respected with the upper face of the fork above and substantially parallel to the test surface. Where: RB = Rectangular 1 m boundary A = (300 ± 50) mm for compact trucks A = (500 ± 50) mm for other trucks A rearward tilt of the fork of < 5 ° is acceptable. NOTE The test load may be lifted on a pallet.
Figure 3 – Test with fork mounted load – Boom and load position
SIST EN 15830:2012
EN 15830:2012 (E) 13 6.3.2.2 Test without load
Figure 4 — Test without load - boom position The boom shall be fully retracted and its height adjusted so that the upper face of the fork above and substantially parallel to the test surface is (300 ± 50) mm. A rearward tilt of the fork of <5 ° is acceptable. See Figure 4. 6.3.3 Tests with suspended load The test load as specified in 5.1 shall be located so that the forward edge is (1 000 ± 50) mm from the test machine boundary described by the test with fork mounted load (6.3.2.1 and 7.1.4).
The boom shall be adjusted so that dimension B is set with the upper face of the forks above and substantially parallel to the test surface and the heel of the forks vertically above the rear face of the test load. Where: RB = Rectangular 1 m boundary B = (2 000 ± 50) mm for compact trucks B = (2 200 ± 50) mm for other trucks The test load shall be positioned (600 ± 50) mm below and, centrally (laterally) with respect of the raised forks (see Figure 5). A rearward tilt of the fork carriage or fork arms of less than 5° is acceptable. NOTE The test load may be positioned on a frame on the floor or suspended from the forks. The frame or straps should be designed so that they do not significantly affect the visibility test. SIST EN 15830:2012
EN 15830:2012 (E) 14
Figure 5 – Test with suspended load – boom and load position 6.3.4 Lorry trailer loading condition The boom shall be fully retracted and its height adjusted so that the upper face of the forks above and substantially parallel to the test surface is (1 000 ± 50) mm (see Figure 6). A rearward tilt of the fork carriage or fork arms of less than 5° is acceptable. NOTE The test load is not required for this test as the risks during lorry trailer loading are principally in the rearward direction during the reversing part of the manoeuvre before the boom is lowered.
Figure 6 – Test in lorry trailer loading condition – boom and forks position 7 Measurement procedure 7.1 Test-surface marking and truck location on the test surface 7.1.1 Mark a visibility test circle of 12 m radius on the test surface with the two centrelines as shown in Figure 2. Mark the centre point of the visibility test circle to enable accurate alignment of the truck (see 6.3.1). 7.1.2 Mark where the sectors A, B, C, D, E and F intersect the line of the circle on the test surface as shown in Figure 2. 7.1.3 Position the fork mounted load and adjust the boom and forks as defined in 6.3.2.1. NOTE RB remains the same for all tests and is measured and set as illustrated in Figure 4 and Figure 7. SIST EN 15830:2012
EN 15830:2012 (E) 15 7.1.4 Mark the test machine boundary (TMB) as the smallest rectangle that can be placed around the vertical projection of the truck and test load as shown in Figure 7.
Mark the rectangular 1 m boundary (RB) on the test surface at a distance of 1 m from the test machine boundary, as shown in Figure 7.
Key TMB test machine boundary MC masking component M masking ME masking effective length perpendicular to light source RB rectangular boundary Figure 7 – Test machine boundary and rectangular 1 m boundary 7.2 Positioning of the test apparatus 7.2.1 Mount the light source apparatus with the FPCP as described in 5.2. 7.2.2 For the sector of vision being evaluated, the light bulb spacing shall be in accordance with Table 2 and Table 3 and shall be symmetrical to the FPCP. Where using 205 mm or 405 mm spacing, in order to minimize the masking affects, these do not need to be symmetrical to the FPCP, provided that each bulb is between 102,5 mm and 202,5 mm (in accordance with Tables 2 and 3) from the FPCP. NOTE For truck research and development purposes, the 65 mm light bulb spacing can be used to provide a more detailed evaluation of the ma
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