SIST EN 1997-2:2007
(Main)Eurocode 7 - Geotechnical design - Part 2: Ground investigation and testing
Eurocode 7 - Geotechnical design - Part 2: Ground investigation and testing
This EN 1997-2 is intended to be used in conjunction with EN 1997-1 and provides rules supplementary to EN 1997-1 related to: planning and reporting of ground investigations, general requirements for a number of commonly used laboratory and field tests, interpretation and evaluation of test results, derivation of values of geotechnical parameters and coefficients. Additionally, examples of the application of field test results to design are given.
Eurocode 7 - Entwurf, Berechnung und Bemessung in der Geotechnik - Teil 2: Erkundung und Untersuchung des Baugrunds
Die Mitgliedsländer der EU und EFTA betrachten die Eurocodes als Bezugsdokumente für folgende Zwecke:
zum Nachweis der Übereinstimmung der Hoch- und Ingenieurbauten mit den wesentlichen Anforde¬rungen der Richtlinie 89/106/EWG, dort speziell die wesentliche Anforderung Nr 1: Mechanischer Widerstand und Stabilität und Nr 2: Brandschutz;
als Grundlage für die Vertragsgestaltung für Bauarbeiten und damit verbundene Ingenieurleistungen;
als Rahmen für die Gestaltung einheitlicher technischer Ausschreibungen von Bauprodukten (ENs und ETAs).
Die Eurocodes haben, soweit sie sich mit der Bauausführung selbst befassen, eine direkte Beziehung zu den erläuternden Dokumenten ) nach Artikel 12 der Richtlinie, obwohl sie sich von einheitlichen Produktnormen unterscheiden ). Daher müssen die sich aus den Eurocodes ergebenden technischen Gesichtspunkte von den Technischen Komitees von CEN und/oder Arbeitsgruppen von EOTA, die mit Produktnormen befasst sind, angemessen berücksichtigt werden, um eine vollständige Verträglichkeit dieser technischen Spezifika¬tionen mit den Eurocodes zu erreichen.
Die Eurocodes enthalten allgemeine konstruktive Entwurfs-Regeln für die tägliche Anwendung bei Entwurf, Bemessung und Berechnung ganzer Tragwerke und Bauprodukte, sowohl traditioneller als auch innovativer Art. Ungewöhnliche Bauverfahren oder Entwurfsbedingungen sind nicht besonders erfasst; der Planer benötigt in solchen Fällen eine zusätzliche Beratung durch Sachverständige.
Eurocode 7 - Calcul géotechnique - Partie 2: Reconnaissance des terrains et essais
Les États Membres de l’UE et de l’AELE reconnaissent que les Eurocodes servent de documents de référence pour les usages suivants :
comme moyen de prouver la conformité des bâtiments et des ouvrages de génie civil aux exigences essentielles de la Directive du Conseil 89/106/CEE, en particulier à l’Exigence Essentielle N° 1 Stabilité et résistance mécanique et à l’Exigence Essentielle N° 2 Sécurité en cas d’incendie ;
comme base de spécification des contrats pour les travaux de construction et les services techniques associés ;
comme cadre d’établissement de spécifications techniques harmonisées pour les produits de construction (EN et ATE).
Les Eurocodes, dans la mesure où les ouvrages eux-mêmes sont concernés par eux, ont une relation directe avec les Documents Interprétatifs ) visés à l’Article 12 de la DPC, quoiqu’ils soient d’une nature différente de celle des normes harmonisées de produits ). En conséquence, les aspects techniques résultant des travaux effectués pour les Eurocodes nécessitent d’être pris en considération de façon adéquate par les Comités Techniques du CEN et/ou les groupes de travail de l’EOTA travaillant sur les normes de produits en vue de parvenir à une complète compatibilité de ces spécifications techniques avec les Eurocodes.
Les normes Eurocodes fournissent des règles de conception structurale communes d’usage quotidien pour le calcul des structures entières et des produits composants de nature traditionnelle ou innovatrice. Les formes de construction ou les conceptions inhabituelles ne sont pas spécifiquement couvertes, et il appartiendra en ces cas au concepteur de se procurer des bases spécialisées supplémentaires.
Evrokod 7: Geotehnično projektiranje - 2. del: Preiskovanje in preskušanje tal
Ta EN 1997-2 je namenjen za uporabo skupaj z EN 1997-1 in zagotavlja pravila, ki dopolnjujejo EN 1997-1, povezana z: načrtovanjem in poročanjem glede preiskovanja tal, splošne zahteve za številne splošno uporabljene laboratorijske in terenske preskuse, tolmačenje in ocenjevanje preskusnih rezultatov, izpeljano iz vrednosti geotehničnih parametrov in koeficientov. Dodatno so podani primeri uporabe rezultatov terenskih preskusov za načrtovanje.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Eurocode 7 - Geotechnical design - Part 2: Ground investigation and testingEurocode 7 - Calcul géotechnique - Partie 2: Reconnaissance des terrains et essaisEurocode 7 - Entwurf, Berechnung und Bemessung in der Geotechnik - Teil 2: Erkundung und Untersuchung des BaugrundsTa slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 1997-2:2007SIST EN 1997-2:2007en93.020Zemeljska dela. Izkopavanja. Gradnja temeljev. Dela pod zemljoEarthworks. Excavations. Foundation construction. Underground works91.010.30Technical aspectsICS:SIST ENV 1997-3:2004SIST ENV 1997-2:20041DGRPHãþDSLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 1997-2:200701-junij-2007
EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 1997-2March 2007ICS 91.060.01; 91.120.20Supersedes ENV 1997-2:1999, ENV 1997-3:1999
English VersionEurocode 7 - Geotechnical design - Part 2: Ground investigationand testingEurocode 7 - Calcul géotechnique - Partie 2:Reconnaissance des terrains et essaisEurocode 7 - Entwurf, Berechnung und Bemessung in derGeotechnik - Teil 2: Erkundung und Untersuchung desBaugrundsThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 12 June 2006.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2007 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 1997-2:2007: E
EN 1997-2: 2007 (E)
2 Contents .Page
Foreword .7
Section 1 General.10 1.1 Scope.10 1.1.1 Scope of Eurocode 7.10 1.1.2 Scope of EN 1997-2.10 1.2 Normative references.11 1.3 Assumptions.12 1.4 Distinction between Principles and Application Rules.12 1.5 Definitions.13 1.5.1 Terms common to all Eurocodes.13 1.5.2 Terms common to Eurocode 7.13 1.5.3 Specific definitions used in EN 1997-2.13 1.6 Test results and derived values.14 1.7 The link between EN 1997-1 and EN 1997-2.15
Section 2 Planning of ground investigations.20 2.1 Objectives.20 2.1.1 General.20 2.1.2 Ground.21 2.1.3 Construction materials.22 2.1.4 Groundwater.22 2.2 Sequence of ground investigations.22 2.3 Preliminary investigations.23 2.4 Design investigations.24 2.4.1 Field investigations.24 2.4.2 Laboratory tests.27 2.5 Controlling and monitoring.31
Section 3 Soil and rock sampling and groundwater measurements.33 3.1 General.33 3.2 Sampling by drilling.33 3.3 Sampling by excavation.33 3.4 Soil sampling.33 3.4.1 Categories of sampling methods and laboratory quality classes of samples.33 3.4.2 Soil identification.34 3.4.3 Planning of soil sampling.34 3.4.4 Handling, transport and storing of samples.35 3.5 Rock sampling.35 3.5.1 Categories of sampling methods.35 3.5.2 Rock identification.36 3.5.3 Planning of rock sampling.36 3.5.4 Handling, transport and storing of samples.37 3.6 Groundwater measurements in soils and rocks.37 3.6.1 General.37 3.6.2 Planning and execution of the measurements.37 3.6.3 Evaluation of results of groundwater measurements.38
EN 1997-2: 2007 (E)
3 Section 4 Field tests in soil and rock.40 4.1 General.40 4.2 General requirements.40 4.2.1 Planning a specific test programme.40 4.2.2 Execution.41 4.2.3 Evaluation.41 4.3 Cone penetration and piezocone penetration tests (CPT, CPTU).42 4.3.1 Objectives.42 4.3.2 Specific requirements.42 4.3.3 Evaluation of test results.43 4.3.4 Use of test results and derived values.43 4.4 Pressuremeter tests (PMT).45 4.4.1 Objectives.45 4.4.2 Specific requirements.45 4.4.3 Evaluation of test results.46 4.4.4 Use of test results and derived values.47 4.5 Flexible dilatometer test (FDT).48 4.5.1 Objectives.48 4.5.2 Specific requirements.48 4.5.3 Evaluation of test results.48 4.5.4 Use of test results and derived values.49 4.6 Standard penetration test (SPT).49 4.6.1 Objectives.49 4.6.2 Specific requirements.49 4.6.3 Evaluation of test results.49 4.6.4 Use of test results and derived values.50 4.7 Dynamic probing tests (DP).51 4.7.1 Objectives.51 4.7.2 Specific requirements.52 4.7.3 Evaluation of test results.52 4.7.4 Use of test results and derived values.52 4.8 Weight sounding test (WST).53 4.8.1 Objectives.53 4.8.2 Specific requirements.53 4.8.3 Evaluation of test results.54 4.8.4 Use of test results and derived values.54 4.9 Field vane test (FVT).55 4.9.1 Objectives.55 4.9.2 Specific requirements.55 4.9.3 Evaluation of test results.55 4.9.4 Use of test results and derived values.55 4.10 Flat dilatometer test (DMT).56 4.10.1 Objectives.56 4.10.2 Specific requirements.56 4.10.3 Evaluation of test results.56 4.10.4 Use of test results and derived values.57 4.11 Plate loading test (PLT).57 4.11.1 Objectives.57 4.11.2 Specific requirements.58 4.11.3 Evaluation of test results.58 4.11.4 Use of test results and derived values.58
EN 1997-2: 2007 (E)
4
Section 5 Laboratory tests on soil and rock.60 5.1 General.60 5.2 General requirements for laboratory tests.60 5.2.1.General requirements.60 5.2.2 Procedures, equipment and presentation.60 5.2.3 Evaluation of test results.60 5.3 Preparation of soil specimens for testing.61 5.3.1 Objective.61 5.3.2 Requirements.61 5.4 Preparation of rock specimens for testing.62 5.4.1 Objective.62 5.4.2 Requirements.62 5.5 Tests for classification, identification and description of soil.63 5.5.1 General.63 5.5.2 Requirements for all classification tests.63 5.5.3 Water content determination.63 5.5.4 Bulk density determination.64 5.5.5 Particle density determination.64 5.5.6 Particle size analysis.64 5.5.7 Consistency limits determination.65 5.5.8 Determination of the density index of granular soil.66 5.5.9 Soil dispersibility determination.67 5.5.10 Frost susceptibility.68 5.6 Chemical testing of soil and groundwater.68 5.6.1 Requirements for all chemical tests.68 5.6.2 Organic content determination.70 5.6.3 Carbonate content determination.71 5.6.4 Sulfate content determination.71 5.6.5 pH value determination (acidity and alkalinity).72 5.6.6 Chloride content determination.72 5.7 Strength index testing of soil.73 5.7.1 Objective.73 5.7.2 Requirements.73 5.7.3 Use of test results.73 5.8 Strength testing of soil.73 5.8.1 Objective and scope.73 5.8.2 General requirements.74 5.8.3 Evaluation and use of test results.75 5.8.4 Unconfined compression test.75 5.8.5 Unconsolidated, undrained triaxial compression test.76 5.8.6 Consolidated triaxial compression test.76 5.8.7 Consolidated direct shear box tests.77 5.9 Compressibility and deformation testing of soil.78 5.9.1 General.78 5.9.2 Oedometer compressibility testing.78 5.9.3 Triaxial deformability testing.80 5.10 Compaction testing of soil.81 5.10.1 Scope.81 5.10.2 Compaction tests.81 5.10.3 California Bearing ratio (CBR) test.81
EN 1997-2: 2007 (E)
5 5.11 Permeability testing of soil.82 5.11.1 Objective.82 5.11.2 Requirements.82 5.11.3 Evaluation and use of test results.83 5.12 Tests for classification of rocks.84 5.12.1 General.84 5.12.2 Requirements for all classification tests.84 5.12.3 Rock identification and description.84 5.12.4 Water content determination.85 5.12.5 Density and porosity determination.86 5.13 Swelling testing of rock material.86 5.13.1 General.86 5.13.2 General requirements.87 5.13.3 Evaluation of test results.87 5.13.4 Swelling pressure index under zero volume change.87 5.13.5 Swelling strain index for radially-confined specimens with axial surcharge.88 5.13.6 Swelling strain developed in unconfined rock specimen.89 5.14 Strength testing of rock material.89 5.14.1 General.89 5.14.2 Requirements for all strength tests.89 5.14.3 Evaluation of test results.90 5.14.4 Uniaxial compression and deformability test.90 5.14.5 Point load test.91 5.14.6 Direct shear test.92 5.14.7 Brazil test.93 5.14.8 Triaxial compression test.94
Section 6 Ground investigation report.95 6.1 General requirements.95 6.2 Presentation of geotechnical information.95 6.3 Evaluation of geotechnical information.96 6.4 Establishment of derived values.97
Annex A (informative) List of test results of geotechnical test standards.98 Annex B (informative) Planning of geotechnical investigations.101 Annex C (informative) Example of groundwater pressure derivations based
on a model and long term measurements.109 Annex D (informative) Cone and piezocone penetration tests.111 Annex E (informative) Pressure meter test.121 Annex F (informative) Standard penetration test.125 Annex G (informative) Dynamic probing test.129 Annex H (informative) Weight sounding test 134 Annex I (informative) Field vane test.133 Annex J (informative) Flat dilatometer test Example of correlations between EOED
and DMT results.138 Annex K (informative) Plate loading test.139 Annex L (informative) Detailed information on preparation of soil specimens
for testing.143 Annex M (informative) Detailed information on tests for classification, identification
and description of soil.150 Annex N (informative) Detailed information on chemical testing of soil.157
EN 1997-2: 2007 (E)
6 Annex O (informative) Detailed information on strength index testing of soil.162 Annex P (informative) Detailed information on strength testing of soil.163 Annex Q (informative) Detailed information on compressibility testing of soil.165 Annex R (informative) Detailed information on compaction testing of soil.166 Annex S (informative) Detailed information on permeability testing of soil.168 Annex T (informative) Preparation of specimen for testing on rockmaterial.170 Annex U (informative) Classification testing of rock material.171 Annex V (informative) Swelling testing of rock material.173 Annex W (informative) Strength testing of rock material.175 Annex X (informative) Bibliography.180
EN 1997-2: 2007 (E)
7 Foreword This document (EN 1997-2: 2007) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 250 "Structural Eurocodes", the secretariat of which is held by BSI.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2007, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by March 2010.
This document supersedes ENV 1997-2:1999 and ENV 1997-3:1999.
CEN/TC 250 is responsible for all Structural Eurocodes.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
Background of the Eurocode programme In 1975, the Commission of the European Community decided on an action programme in the field of construction, based on article 95 of the Treaty. The objective of the programme was the elimination of technical obstacles to trade and the harmonization of technical specifications.
Within this action programme, the Commission took the initiative to establish a set of harmonised technical rules for the design of construction works, which, in a first stage, would serve as an alternative to the national rules in force in the Member States and, ultimately, would replace them.
For fifteen years, the Commission, with the help of a Steering Committee with representatives of Member States, conducted the development of the Eurocodes programme, which led to the first generation of European codes in the 1980s.
In 1989, the Commission and the Member States of the EU and EFTA decided, on the basis of an agreement1 between the Commission and CEN, to transfer the preparation and the publication of the Eurocodes to CEN through a series of Mandates, in order to provide them with a future status of European Standard (EN). This links de facto the Eurocodes with the provisions of all the Council’s Directives and/or Commission’s Decisions dealing with European standards (e.g. the Council Di
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