SIST ISO 25577:2009
Information and documentation - MarcXchange
Information and documentation - MarcXchange
ISO 25577:2008 specifies the requirements for a generalized XML-based exchange format for bibliographic records as well as other types of metadata.
ISO 25577:2008 does not define the length or the content of individual records and does not assign any meaning to tags, indicators, or identifiers, these specifications being the functions of an implementation format.
ISO 25577:2008 describes a generalized structure, a framework designed primarily for communication between data processing systems, but may also be relevant for use as a processing format within systems.
MarcXchange could potentially be used as follows:
for representing a complete MARC record or a set of MARC records in XML;
for original resource description in XML syntax;
as an extension schema to METS (Metadata Encoding and Transmission Standard);
for exchange of MARC records in XML;
for transfer of MARC records in web services like SRU (search/retrieval via URL);
for publisher transmission of data;
as a temporary format in all kinds of data transformation or manipulation, e.g. conversion, publication, editing, validation;
for metadata in XML that may be packaged with an electronic resource.
Information et documentation - MarcXchange
L'ISO 25577:2008 spécifie les exigences nécessaires à un format généralisé d'échange de notices bibliographiques aussi bien que d'autres types de métadonnées, fondé sur l'XML.
L'ISO 25577:2008 ne définit ni la longueur ni le contenu des notices individuelles et ne confère aucune signification aux étiquettes, indicateurs ou identifiants, ces spécifications constituant les fonctions d'un format de mise en œuvre.
L'ISO 25577:2008 décrit une structure généralisée, un cadre conçu au premier chef pour la communication entre systèmes informatiques, mais son utilisation en tant que format de traitement au sein de ces systèmes peut également s'avérer pertinente.
MarcXchange peut potentiellement servir
à représenter une notice complète MARC ou un jeu de notices MARC en XML,
à la description d'une ressource originale en syntaxe XML,
de schéma d'extension à METS (Standard d'encodage et de transmission de métadonnées),
à l'échange de notices MARC en XML,
au transfert de notices MARC via les services en ligne comme le SRW (Search/Retrieve Web service),
à la transmission de données à l'éditeur,
de format temporaire pour toutes les formes de transformation ou de manipulation de données, par exemple conversion, publication, édition, validation, et
de métadonnées en XML pouvant être enveloppées avec une ressource électronique.
Informatika in dokumentacija - Oblika zapisa MarcXchange
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-december-2009
Informatika in dokumentacija - Oblika zapisa MarcXchange
Information and documentation - MarcXchange
Information et documentation - MarcXchange
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ISO 25577:2008
ICS:
35.240.30 Uporabniške rešitve IT v IT applications in information,
informatiki, dokumentiranju in documentation and
založništvu publishing
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 25577
First edition
2008-12-01
Information and documentation —
MarcXchange
Information et documentation — MarcXchange
Reference number
©
ISO 2008
PDF disclaimer
This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but
shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In
downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat
accepts no liability in this area.
Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation
parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In
the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.
© ISO 2008
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword. iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope .1
2 Normative references .1
3 Terms and definitions .2
4 XML schema exchange of MARC records.3
4.1 General.3
4.2 Structure of XML schema .4
Annex A (informative) The generic MarcXchange schema.6
Annex B (informative) Examples .9
Annex C (informative) Applications of the generic MarcXchange schema.14
Bibliography .15
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 25577 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 46, Information and documentation, Subcommittee
SC 4, Technical interoperability.
iv © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved
Introduction
In 2001, the U.S. Library of Congress developed a framework for working with MARC data in an XML
environment. The core of the framework is a MARCXML schema that allows lossless round-trip conversion of
an ISO 2709 MARC 21 record and an XML-encoded MARC 21 record.
MARCXML is tightly coupled to ISO 2709. It was obvious to generalize this to an XML-based alternative for
ISO 2709 such that any existing format based on ISO 2709 could be represented.
This International Standard describes a schema which is a generalized version of, and with as few changes as
possible to, MARCXML but which retains the original MARCXML structure. The resulting schema is an XML
extension to ISO 2709. Thus, the original elements of MARCXML are reused and verbal links to the
terminology of ISO 2709 have been added. MarcXchange is useable as a framework for conversion of all
records using the ISO 2709 syntax into XML. Extensions to MarcXchange might be required to retain the
definition and application of fields, subfields and control characters employed in data representation
techniques specific to implementations of ISO 2709. The international exchange of records uses local
variations of internationally recognized formats as much as it uses internationally recognized formats in the
precise way in which they are prescribed for international exchange. MarcXchange, as an internationally
recognized format, is mainly intended as a framework for making local schemas, or to which local extensions
can be added. Experience has shown that there is a need for local deviations – even if MARC 21 or
UNIMARC is chosen as the local format. This schema provides a specification for the development of local
specific schemas, ensuring compatibility.
The relationship of the schema described in this International Standard to MARC and ISO 2709 are as follows.
The XML schema is constructed to contain MARC data. The schema can be used for the exchange of MARC
records or to act as a “bus” to enable MARC data records to go through further transformations such as to
Dublin Core and/or processes such as validation. The basic components of ISO 2709 are treated in the
following way in the XML schema:
⎯ the record label is treated as a simple string;
⎯ the directory has no counterpart in the schema; when converting from MarcXchange to ISO 2709 the
directory has to be recalculated;
⎯ the record identifier field and the control fields are treated as elements with the tag as an attribute;
⎯ data fields are treated as elements with the tag and indicators as attributes;
⎯ subfields are treated as sub-elements with the subfield code as an attribute.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 25577:2008(E)
Information and documentation — MarcXchange
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies the requirements for a generalized XML-based exchange format for
bibliographic records as well as other types of metadata.
It does not define the length or the content of individual records and does not assign any meaning to tags,
indicators, or identifiers, these specifications being the functions of an implementation format.
This International Standard describes a generalized structure, a framework designed primarily for
communication between data processing systems, but may also be relevant for use as a processing format
within systems.
MarcXchange could potentially be used as follows:
⎯ for representing a complete MARC record or a set of MARC records in XML;
⎯ for original resource description in XML syntax;
⎯ as an extension schema to METS (Metadata Encoding and Transmission Standard);
⎯ for exchange of MARC records in XML;
⎯ for transfer of MARC records in web services like SRU (search/retrieval via URL);
⎯ for publisher transmission of data;
⎯ as a temporary format in all kinds of data transformation or manipulation, e.g. conversion, publication,
editing, validation;
⎯ for metadata in XML that may be packaged with an electronic resource.
Validation of MARC records content is not enforced by the schema but by dedicated software tailored for the
specific usage (e.g. the specific MARC-format).
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 2709, Information and documentation — Format for information exchange
ISO/IEC 646, Information technology — ISO 7-bit coded character set for information interchange
ISO/IEC 10646, Information technology — Universal Multiple-Octet Coded Character Set (UCS)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
MAchine-Readable Cataloguing
MARC
family of format standards for the storage and exchange of bibliographic records and related information in
machine-readable form
NOTE All MARC standards conform to ISO 2709.
3.2
collection
set of records
NOTE 1 In the schema, this is represented by a root element named "collection".
NOTE 2 The terms root element, element and attribute are in line with the definitions in XML. The term sub-element is
used for an element which is the content (or child) of another element (the parent).
3.3
record
collection of fields, including record label, directory and data
NOTE In the schema, this is represented by a root element named "record". It can occur alone or as a sub-element
of a the "collection" element.
3.4
format
specification of the information content of record label, control fields, data fields, indicators and subfields of an
ISO 2709 record
NOTE In the schema, an attribute, named "format", of the "record" element is used to specify the MARC format used
in the particular record.
3.5
type
sub-application of format
NOTE In the schema, an attribute, named "type", of the "record" element is used to specify the application.
EXAMPLE Bibliographic record, holdings record.
3.6
record label
field occurring in an ISO 2709 record
NOTE In the schema, this is represented by a sub-element, named "leader", of the "record" element.
3.7
directory
index used in ISO 2709 records
3.8
control field
record identifier field or reference field in ISO 2709
NOTE In the schema, this is represented by a sub-element, named "controlfield", of the "record" element.
2 © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved
3.9
data field
type of field in ISO 2709
NOTE In the schema, this is represented by a sub-element, named "datafield", of the "record" element.
3.10
tag
three characters associated to a control field or a data field in ISO 2709 and used to identify it
NOTE In the schema, this is represented by an attribute, named "tag", of the "controlfield" element and the "datafield"
element.
3.11
indicator
data element in a data field in ISO 2709
NOTE In the schema, this is represented by an attribute, named "ind1", …, "ind9", of the "datafield" element.
3.12
subfield
part of a data field in ISO 2709
NOTE In the schema, this is represented by a sub-element, named "subfield", of the "datafield" element.
3.13
subfield identifier
data element consisting of a control code followed by from zero to eight characters identifying a subfield in an
ISO 2709 record
NOTE In the schema, the subfield identifier excluding the control code is represented by an attribute, named "code",
of the "subfield" element.
4 XML schema exchange of MARC records
4.1 General
The generic schema is listed in Annex A. Examples of formatted records are listed in Annex B. References to
applications of the schema are listed in Annex C.
The MarcXchange schema supports XML markup of MARC records, using terminology and element names
consistent with ISO 2709.
ISO 2709 defines the general structure illustrated in Figure 1.
Record label
Directory
Fields
Record separator
Figure 1 — ISO 2709 general structure
An ISO 2709 record contains the following components:
a) a record label (fixed length);
b) a directory (variable length);
c) a record identifier field (variable length);
d) a number of reference fields (variable length);
e) a number of data fields (variable length);
f) a field separator, i.e. separator IS2 conforming to lSO/IEC 646, which te
...
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 25577
First edition
2008-12-01
Information and documentation —
MarcXchange
Information et documentation — MarcXchange
Reference number
©
ISO 2008
PDF disclaimer
This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but
shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In
downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat
accepts no liability in this area.
Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation
parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In
the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.
© ISO 2008
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword. iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope .1
2 Normative references .1
3 Terms and definitions .2
4 XML schema exchange of MARC records.3
4.1 General.3
4.2 Structure of XML schema .4
Annex A (informative) The generic MarcXchange schema.6
Annex B (informative) Examples .9
Annex C (informative) Applications of the generic MarcXchange schema.14
Bibliography .15
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 25577 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 46, Information and documentation, Subcommittee
SC 4, Technical interoperability.
iv © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved
Introduction
In 2001, the U.S. Library of Congress developed a framework for working with MARC data in an XML
environment. The core of the framework is a MARCXML schema that allows lossless round-trip conversion of
an ISO 2709 MARC 21 record and an XML-encoded MARC 21 record.
MARCXML is tightly coupled to ISO 2709. It was obvious to generalize this to an XML-based alternative for
ISO 2709 such that any existing format based on ISO 2709 could be represented.
This International Standard describes a schema which is a generalized version of, and with as few changes as
possible to, MARCXML but which retains the original MARCXML structure. The resulting schema is an XML
extension to ISO 2709. Thus, the original elements of MARCXML are reused and verbal links to the
terminology of ISO 2709 have been added. MarcXchange is useable as a framework for conversion of all
records using the ISO 2709 syntax into XML. Extensions to MarcXchange might be required to retain the
definition and application of fields, subfields and control characters employed in data representation
techniques specific to implementations of ISO 2709. The international exchange of records uses local
variations of internationally recognized formats as much as it uses internationally recognized formats in the
precise way in which they are prescribed for international exchange. MarcXchange, as an internationally
recognized format, is mainly intended as a framework for making local schemas, or to which local extensions
can be added. Experience has shown that there is a need for local deviations – even if MARC 21 or
UNIMARC is chosen as the local format. This schema provides a specification for the development of local
specific schemas, ensuring compatibility.
The relationship of the schema described in this International Standard to MARC and ISO 2709 are as follows.
The XML schema is constructed to contain MARC data. The schema can be used for the exchange of MARC
records or to act as a “bus” to enable MARC data records to go through further transformations such as to
Dublin Core and/or processes such as validation. The basic components of ISO 2709 are treated in the
following way in the XML schema:
⎯ the record label is treated as a simple string;
⎯ the directory has no counterpart in the schema; when converting from MarcXchange to ISO 2709 the
directory has to be recalculated;
⎯ the record identifier field and the control fields are treated as elements with the tag as an attribute;
⎯ data fields are treated as elements with the tag and indicators as attributes;
⎯ subfields are treated as sub-elements with the subfield code as an attribute.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 25577:2008(E)
Information and documentation — MarcXchange
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies the requirements for a generalized XML-based exchange format for
bibliographic records as well as other types of metadata.
It does not define the length or the content of individual records and does not assign any meaning to tags,
indicators, or identifiers, these specifications being the functions of an implementation format.
This International Standard describes a generalized structure, a framework designed primarily for
communication between data processing systems, but may also be relevant for use as a processing format
within systems.
MarcXchange could potentially be used as follows:
⎯ for representing a complete MARC record or a set of MARC records in XML;
⎯ for original resource description in XML syntax;
⎯ as an extension schema to METS (Metadata Encoding and Transmission Standard);
⎯ for exchange of MARC records in XML;
⎯ for transfer of MARC records in web services like SRU (search/retrieval via URL);
⎯ for publisher transmission of data;
⎯ as a temporary format in all kinds of data transformation or manipulation, e.g. conversion, publication,
editing, validation;
⎯ for metadata in XML that may be packaged with an electronic resource.
Validation of MARC records content is not enforced by the schema but by dedicated software tailored for the
specific usage (e.g. the specific MARC-format).
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 2709, Information and documentation — Format for information exchange
ISO/IEC 646, Information technology — ISO 7-bit coded character set for information interchange
ISO/IEC 10646, Information technology — Universal Multiple-Octet Coded Character Set (UCS)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
MAchine-Readable Cataloguing
MARC
family of format standards for the storage and exchange of bibliographic records and related information in
machine-readable form
NOTE All MARC standards conform to ISO 2709.
3.2
collection
set of records
NOTE 1 In the schema, this is represented by a root element named "collection".
NOTE 2 The terms root element, element and attribute are in line with the definitions in XML. The term sub-element is
used for an element which is the content (or child) of another element (the parent).
3.3
record
collection of fields, including record label, directory and data
NOTE In the schema, this is represented by a root element named "record". It can occur alone or as a sub-element
of a the "collection" element.
3.4
format
specification of the information content of record label, control fields, data fields, indicators and subfields of an
ISO 2709 record
NOTE In the schema, an attribute, named "format", of the "record" element is used to specify the MARC format used
in the particular record.
3.5
type
sub-application of format
NOTE In the schema, an attribute, named "type", of the "record" element is used to specify the application.
EXAMPLE Bibliographic record, holdings record.
3.6
record label
field occurring in an ISO 2709 record
NOTE In the schema, this is represented by a sub-element, named "leader", of the "record" element.
3.7
directory
index used in ISO 2709 records
3.8
control field
record identifier field or reference field in ISO 2709
NOTE In the schema, this is represented by a sub-element, named "controlfield", of the "record" element.
2 © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved
3.9
data field
type of field in ISO 2709
NOTE In the schema, this is represented by a sub-element, named "datafield", of the "record" element.
3.10
tag
three characters associated to a control field or a data field in ISO 2709 and used to identify it
NOTE In the schema, this is represented by an attribute, named "tag", of the "controlfield" element and the "datafield"
element.
3.11
indicator
data element in a data field in ISO 2709
NOTE In the schema, this is represented by an attribute, named "ind1", …, "ind9", of the "datafield" element.
3.12
subfield
part of a data field in ISO 2709
NOTE In the schema, this is represented by a sub-element, named "subfield", of the "datafield" element.
3.13
subfield identifier
data element consisting of a control code followed by from zero to eight characters identifying a subfield in an
ISO 2709 record
NOTE In the schema, the subfield identifier excluding the control code is represented by an attribute, named "code",
of the "subfield" element.
4 XML schema exchange of MARC records
4.1 General
The generic schema is listed in Annex A. Examples of formatted records are listed in Annex B. References to
applications of the schema are listed in Annex C.
The MarcXchange schema supports XML markup of MARC records, using terminology and element names
consistent with ISO 2709.
ISO 2709 defines the general structure illustrated in Figure 1.
Record label
Directory
Fields
Record separator
Figure 1 — ISO 2709 general structure
An ISO 2709 record contains the following components:
a) a record label (fixed length);
b) a directory (variable length);
c) a record identifier field (variable length);
d) a number of reference fields (variable length);
e) a number of data fields (variable length);
f) a field separator, i.e. separator IS2 conforming to lSO/IEC 646, which terminates the directory and each
field;
g) a record separator, i.e. separator IS3 conforming to lSO/IEC 646, which terminates each record.
In MarcXchange the element “leader” is used for the ISO 2709 record label. Part of the ISO 2709 record label
(positions 0 to 4 record length and positions 12 to 16 base address of data), contains information, which is
only meaningful for the ISO 2709 record. It is recommended always to recalculate this information when
converting from MarcXchange to ISO 2709.
The ISO 2709 directory has no counterpart in MarcXchange. When converting from MarcXchange to
ISO 2709, this component has to be recalculated.
In the MarcXchange schema the element “controlfield” is used for the ISO 2709 record identifier field and
reference field; and the element “datafield” is used for ISO 2709 data field.
This schema is an extension to ISO 2709. It allows the usage of the “datafield” element for all legal ISO 2709
ta
...
NORME ISO
INTERNATIONALE 25577
Première édition
2008-12-01
Information et documentation —
MarcXchange
Information and documentation — MarcXchange
Numéro de référence
©
ISO 2008
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© ISO 2008
Droits de reproduction réservés. Sauf prescription différente, aucune partie de cette publication ne peut être reproduite ni utilisée sous
quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procédé, électronique ou mécanique, y compris la photocopie et les microfilms, sans l'accord écrit
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Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Publié en Suisse
ii © ISO 2008 – Tous droits réservés
Sommaire Page
Avant-propos. iv
Introduction . v
1 Domaine d'application.1
2 Références normatives .1
3 Termes et définitions.2
4 Échange en schéma XML de notices MARC.3
4.1 Généralités .3
4.2 Structure du schéma XML .5
Annexe A (normative) Le schéma MarcXchange.7
Annexe B (informative) Exemples .10
Annexe C (normative) Applications du schéma générique MarcXchange.15
Bibliographie .16
Avant-propos
L'ISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) est une fédération mondiale d'organismes nationaux de
normalisation (comités membres de l'ISO). L'élaboration des Normes internationales est en général confiée
aux comités techniques de l'ISO. Chaque comité membre intéressé par une étude a le droit de faire partie du
comité technique créé à cet effet. Les organisations internationales, gouvernementales et non
gouvernementales, en liaison avec l'ISO participent également aux travaux. L'ISO collabore étroitement avec
la Commission électrotechnique internationale (CEI) en ce qui concerne la normalisation électrotechnique.
Les Normes internationales sont rédigées conformément aux règles données dans les Directives ISO/CEI,
Partie 2.
La tâche principale des comités techniques est d'élaborer les Normes internationales. Les projets de Normes
internationales adoptés par les comités techniques sont soumis aux comités membres pour vote. Leur
publication comme Normes internationales requiert l'approbation de 75 % au moins des comités membres
votants.
L'attention est appelée sur le fait que certains des éléments du présent document peuvent faire l'objet de
droits de propriété intellectuelle ou de droits analogues. L'ISO ne saurait être tenue pour responsable de ne
pas avoir identifié de tels droits de propriété et averti de leur existence.
L'ISO 25577 a été élaborée par le comité technique ISO/TC 46, Information et documentation, sous-comité
SC 4, Interopérabilité technique.
iv © ISO 2008 – Tous droits réservés
Introduction
En 2001, la Bibliothèque du Congrès aux États-Unis a élaboré un cadre pour traiter les données MARC dans
un environnement XML. L’organe central de ce cadre est un schéma MARCXML qui permet une conversion
réversible et sans perte d’une notice MARC 21 sous l’ISO 2709 et son encodage XML.
MARCXML est étroitement lié à l’ISO 2709. Il s’est avéré judicieux de mettre au point une solution générale
autre que l’ISO 2709, fondée sur XML, de façon à pouvoir représenter tout format existant s’apuyant sur
l’ISO 2709.
La présente Norme internationale décrit un schéma qui est une version généralisée de MARCXML avec aussi
peu de modifications que possible et qui conserve la structure d’origine de MARCXML. Le schéma qui en
résulte constitue une extension tant de l’ISO 2709 que du MARCXML. Ainsi les éléments d’origine sont
réutilisés et des liens renvoyant à la terminologie de l’ISO 2709 ont été ajoutés. MarcXchange peut servir de
cadre à la conversoin XML de toutes les notices utilisant la syntaxe de l’ISO 2709. Des extensions à
MarcXchange peuvent être requises pour conserver la définition et l’application des zones, sous-zones et
caractères de contrôle, employés dans les techniques de représentations des données, relevant des
implémentations de l’ISO 2709. L’échange international de notices recourt à des variantes locales de formats
reconnus à l’échelle internationale, d’autant qu'il utilise des formats reconnus au plan international en
respectant là précisément les critères prescrits pour l’échange international. MarcXchange est principalement
destiné à servir de cadre d’élaboration de schémas locaux ou auxquels des extensions locales peuvent être
ajoutées. La pratique a démontré la nécessité d’opérer des adaptations locales — même si le MARC 21 ou
l’UNIMARC sont retenus comme formats locaux. Ce schéma donne les spécifications d’élaboration de
schémas locaux simples, assurant leur compatibilité.
Les relations du schéma décrit dans la présente Norme internationale avec le MARC et l’ISO 2709 sont les
suivantes. Le schéma XML est conçu de façon à contenir les données MARC. Ce schéma peut servir à
l’échange de notices MARC ou faire fonction de «bus» pour permettre aux notices de données en MARC de
migrer par la suite vers le Dublin Core et/ou vers des processus comme la validation. Les composantes de
base de l’ISO 2709 sont traitées de la façon suivante dans le schéma XML:
⎯ le label de la notice est traité comme une simple chaîne;
⎯ le répertoire n’a pas de contrepartie dans le schéma; lors de la conversion de MarcXchange en
ISO 2709, ce répertoire doit être recalculé;
⎯ la zone de l’identifiants de la notice et les zones de commande sont traitées comme des éléments,
l’étiquette comme un attribut;
⎯ les zones de données sont traitées comme des éléments, l’étiquette et les indicateurs comme des
attributs;
⎯ les sous-zones sont traitées comme des sous éléments, le code du sous-zone comme un attribut.
NORME INTERNATIONALE ISO 25577:2008(F)
Information et documentation — MarcXchange
1 Domaine d'application
La présente Norme internationale spécifie les exigences nécessaires à un format généralisé d’échange de
notices bibliographiques aussi bien que d’autres types de métadonnées, fondé sur l’XML.
Elle ne définit ni la longueur ni le contenu des notices individuelles et ne confère aucune signification aux
étiquettes, indicateurs ou identifiants, ces spécifications constituant les fonctions d’un format de mise en
œuvre.
La présente Norme internationale décrit une structure généralisée; un cadre conçu au premier chef pour la
communication entre systèmes informatiques, mais son utilisation en tant que format de traitement au sein de
ces systèmes, peut également s’avérer pertinente.
MarcXchange peut potentiellement servir
⎯ à représenter une notice complète MARC ou un jeu de notices MARC en XML,
⎯ à la description d’une ressource originale en syntaxe XML,
⎯ de schéma d’extension à METS (Standard d’encodage et de transmission de métadonnées),
⎯ à l’échange de notices MARC en XML,
⎯ au transfert de notices MARC via les services en ligne comme le SRU (search/retrieval via URL),
⎯ à la transmission de données à l’éditeur,
⎯ de format temporaire pour toutes les formes de transformation ou de manipulation de données, par
exemple conversion, publication, édition, validation, et
⎯ de métadonnées en XML pouvant être enveloppées avec une ressource électronique.
La validation du contenu des notices MARC n’est pas assurée par ce schéma mais par un logiciel dédié
destiné à un usage particulier (par exemple au format particulier MARC).
2 Références normatives
Les documents de référence suivants sont indispensables pour l'application du présent document. Pour les
références datées, seule l'édition citée s'applique. Pour les références non datées, la dernière édition du
document de référence s'applique (y compris les éventuels amendements).
ISO 2709, Information et documentation — Format pour l’échange d’information
ISO/CEI 646, Technologies de l’information — Jeu ISO de caractères codés à 7 éléments pour l’échange
d’information
ISO/CEI 10646, Technologies de l’information — Jeu universel de caractères codés sur plusieurs octets
(JUC)
3 Termes et définitions
Pour les besoins du présent document, les termes et définitions suivants s'appliquent.
3.1
catalogage lisible par la machine (MAchine-Readable Cataloguing)
MARC
famille des normes de format pour le stockage et l’échange de notices bibliographiques et des informations
associées sous une forme lisible par la machine
NOTE Tous les standards MARC sont conformes à l’ISO 2709.
3.2
collection
jeu de notices
NOTE 1 Dans le schéma, ceci est représenté par un élément racine dénommé collection.
NOTE 2 Les termes, élément-racine, élément et attribut, sont alignés sur les définitions du standard XML. Le terme
«sous-élément» s’entend pour un élément qui est le contenu (ou l’enfant) d’une autre élément (le parent).
3.3
notice
collection de zones, y compris le label de notice, le répertoire et les données
NOTE 1 Dans le schéma, ceci est représenté par un élément racine dénommé record (notice).
NOTE 2 Il peut apparaître seul ou en tant que sous-élément d’une collection.
3.4
format
spécification du contenu des informations du label de notice, des zones de commande, des zones de
données, des indicateurs et des sous-zones d’une notice ISO 2709
NOTE Dans le schéma, un attribut (format) de l’élément record (notice) sert à préciser le format MARC utilisé dans la
record (notice) spécifique.
3.5
type
sous-application du format
NOTE Dans le schéma, un attribut (type) de l’élément record (notice) sert à préciser l’application.
EXEMPLE Notice bibliographique, notice de données locales.
3.6
label de notice
zone qui figure dans une notice ISO 2709
NOTE Dans le schéma, ceci est représenté par un sous-élément leader (en-tête) de l’élément record (notice).
3.7
répertoire
index utilisé dans les notices ISO 2709
3.8
zone de commande
zone d'identifiant de notice ou zone de référence dans l’ISO 2709
NOTE Dans le schéma, ceci est représenté par un sous-élément controlfield (zone de contrôle) de l’élément record
(notice).
2 © ISO 2008 – Tous droits réservés
3.9
zone de données
type de zone dans l’ISO 2709
NOTE Dans le schéma, ceci est représenté par un sous-élément datafield (zone de données) de l’élément record
(notice).
3.10
étiquette
trois caractères associés à une zone de contrôle ou à une zone de données dans l’ISO 2709, destinés à
l’identifier
NOTE Un attribut tag (étiquette) de l’élément controlfield (zone de contrôle) et de l’élément datafield (zone de
données).
3.11
indicateur
élément de données dans une zone de données dans l’ISO 2709
NOTE Dans le schéma, ceci est représenté par des attributs (ind1, …, ind9) de l’élément datafield (zone de
données).
3.12
sous-zone
partie d’une zone de données dans l’ISO 2709
NOTE Dans le schéma, ceci est représenté par un sous-élément subfield (sous-zone) de l’élément datafield (zone de
données).
3.13
identifiants de sous-zone
élément de données consistant en un code de commande suivi de zéro à huit caractères identifiant une sous-
zone dans l’ISO 2709
NOTE Dans le schéma, les caractères de sous-zone, suivant le code de contrôle représenté par un attribut (code) de
l’élément subfield (sous-zone).
4 Échange en schéma XML de notices MARC
4.1 Généralités
Le schéma générique est donné dans l’Annexe A. Des exemples de notices formatées sont donnés dans
l'Annexe B.
Les références aux applications du schéma sont données dans l’Annexe C.
Le schéma MarcXchange supporte le balisage XML pour les notices MARC. Il reprend la terminologie et les
noms d’éléments conformes à l’ISO 2709.
L’ISO 2709 définit la structure générale illustrée à la Figure 1.
Record label
Directory
Fields
Record separator
Figure 1 — Structure générale de l’ISO 2709
...
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