SIST EN 13925-3:2005
(Main)Non destructive testing - X ray diffraction from polycrystalline and amorphous materials - Part 3: Instruments
Non destructive testing - X ray diffraction from polycrystalline and amorphous materials - Part 3: Instruments
This document sets out the characteristics of instruments used for X-ray powder diffraction ("powder" as defined in EN 13925-1:2003, Clause 5) as a basis for their control and hence quality assurance of the measurements made by this technique. Performance testing indicators are given for diffractometer performance testing. Different types and makes of X-ray powder diffractometer vary considerably in their design and intended fields of application. This document attempts to cover as much of this range as possible by keeping to common principles. To make the standard more readily applicable, the Bragg-Brentano configuration is addressed in most detail because of its wide use. Additional considerations and adaptations may be necessary to cover some types of instruments or configuration and some fields of application. Some of these types of instrument are described in Annex B.
Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung - Röntgendiffraktometrie von polykristallinen und amorphen Materialien - Teil 3: Geräte
Dieses Dokument legt die Kenngrößen der für die Röntgenpulverdiffraktometrie (.Pulver. nach Definition in
EN 13925-1:2003, Abschnitt 5) verwendeten Geräte als Grundlage für ihre Kontrolle und damit für die
Qualitätssicherung der Messungen nach dieser Technik fest. Für die Leistungsprüfung eines Diffraktometers
sind Indikatoren angegeben. Bei der Ausführung und den vorgesehenen Anwendungsbereichen der
verschiedenen Typen und Fabrikate von Röntgenpulverdiffraktometern gibt es große Unterschiede. Dieses
Dokument versucht, durch Einhaltung gemeinsamer Grundlagen von diesem Bereich möglichst viel zu
erfassen. Um eine leichtere Anwendung dieser Norm zu ermöglichen, wird die Bragg-Brentano-Konfiguration
wegen ihrer weiten Anwendung am detailliertesten betrachtet. Zur Erfassung bestimmter Gerätetypen oder
-konfigurationen und bestimmter Anwendungsbereiche können zusätzliche Betrachtungen und Anpassungen
erforderlich sein. In Anhang B sind einige dieser Gerätetypen beschrieben.
Essais non destructifs - Diffraction des rayons X appliquée aux matériaux polycristallins et amorphes - Partie 3 : Appareillage
La présente Norme européenne décrit les caractéristiques des instruments utilisés pour la diffraction des rayons X par les poudres (selon la définition du terme « poudre » donnée dans le prEN 13925-1, article 5), en vue de leur vérification et pour l'assurance de la qualité des mesures obtenues à l'aide de cette technique. Des indicateurs de contrôle des performances des diffractomètres sont également donnés. Les différents types et marques de diffractomètres varient considérablement selon leur conception et leur champ d'application. La présente norme tente de couvrir le plus largement possible la gamme de ces instruments en se limitant à des principes communs. Pour faciliter l'application de la norme, la géométrie Bragg-Brentano, qui est largement utilisée, est traitée plus en détail. Des considérations et adaptations supplémentaires peuvent être nécessaires pour couvrir certains types d'instruments ou de configurations et certains types d'application. L'annexe B traite de quelques types d'instruments.
Neporušitveno preskušanje – Uklon rentgenskih žarkov na polikristalnih in amorfnih materialih – 3. del: Naprave
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-julij-2005
Neporušitveno preskušanje – Uklon rentgenskih žarkov na polikristalnih in
amorfnih materialih – 3. del: Naprave
Non destructive testing - X ray diffraction from polycrystalline and amorphous materials -
Part 3: Instruments
Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung - Röntgendiffraktometrie von polykristallinen und amorphen
Materialien - Teil 3: Geräte
Essais non destructifs - Diffraction des rayons X appliquée aux matériaux polycristallins
et amorphes - Partie 3 : Appareillage
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 13925-3:2005
ICS:
19.100 Neporušitveno preskušanje Non-destructive testing
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 13925-3
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
May 2005
ICS 19.100
English version
Non destructive testing - X ray diffraction from polycrystalline
and amorphous materials - Part 3: Instruments
Essais non destructifs - Diffraction des rayons X appliquée Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung - Röntgendiffraktometrie von
aux matériaux polycristallins et amorphes - Partie 3: polykristallinen und amorphen Materialien - Teil 3: Geräte
Appareillage
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 21 March 2005.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official
versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
© 2005 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 13925-3:2005: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents
Page
Foreword.3
Introduction .4
1 Scope .5
2 Normative references .5
3 Terms and definitions .5
4 Description of equipment .5
4.1 General.5
4.2 X-ray sources .6
4.2.1 General.6
4.2.2 Conventional X-ray sources (sealed tubes and rotating anode sources) .6
4.2.3 Synchrotron radiation sources .6
4.3 Incident and diffracted X-ray beam optics .7
4.3.1 General.7
4.3.2 Monochromators.7
4.3.3 Beam dimensions and geometry .10
4.4 Detectors .12
4.4.1 Types of detector.12
4.4.2 Spatial resolution of detectors.14
4.4.3 Energy resolution of detectors.14
4.5 Goniometers.14
4.5.1 General.14
4.5.2 Specimen positioning .16
4.6 Specimen stage.17
4.7 Data collection system.18
5 Characterisation of equipment components .18
6 Equipment alignment and calibration .23
6.1 General.23
6.2 Alignment .23
6.3 Calibration .23
7 Performance testing and monitoring.23
Annex A (informative) Relationship between the XRPD standards .25
Annex B (informative) Alignment of Bragg-Brentano diffractometers .26
Annex C (informative) Procedures for instrument performance characterisation .27
C.1 General.27
C.2 Position, intensity and breadth of a limited number of diffraction lines .27
C.3 Angular Deviation Curve.27
C.4 Line breadth .30
C.5 Intensity diagrams .30
C.6 Shape Analysis Curve .30
C.7 Lattice parameters.31
C.8 The use of the Fundamental Parameter Approach .31
C.9 Whole pattern fitting.32
Annex D (informative) Sample report forms for characterisation of instruments .33
Bibliography .40
Foreword
This document (EN 13925-3:2005) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 138 “Non destructive
testing”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or
by endorsement, at the latest by November 2005, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest
by November 2005.
This European Standard about “Non destructive testing - X-ray diffraction from polycrystalline and amorphous
material” is composed of:
- prEN 1330-11, Terminology - Part 11: X-Ray Diffraction from Polycrystalline and Amorphous Materials
- EN 13925-1, Part 1:General principles
- EN 13925-2, Part 2: Procedures
- EN 13925-3 Part 3: Instruments
- WI 00138070, Reference Materials
In order to explain the relationship between the topics described in the different standards, a diagram illustrating
typical operation involved in XRPD is given in Annex A.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark,
Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
Introduction
X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) is a powerful Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) method for determining a range of
physical and chemical characteristics of materials. These include the type and quantities of phases present, the
crystallographic unit cell and structure, crystallographic texture, macrostress, crystallite size and microstrain, and
the electron radial distribution function.
This document aims to describe the general aspects of the XRPD technique and its applications but not to define a
specific or detailed standard for each field of application or type of analysis.
The main purposes of the standard are therefore to provide:
• practical guidance, unified concepts and terminology for use of the XRPD technique in the area of Non-
Destructive Testing with general information about its capabilities and limitations of relevance to laboratories
working at different levels of sophistication, from routine testing to research;
• a basis for Quality Assurance in XRPD laboratories allowing performance testing and monitoring of instruments
as well as the comparison of results from different instruments;
• a general basis (without imposing specifications) for further specific NDT product standards and related Quality
Assurance applications, with aspects common to most fields of application.
In order to make the standard immediately usable in a wide range of laboratories and applications, diffractometers
with Bragg-Brentano geometry are considered in more detail than other instruments.
Radiation Protection: Exposure of any part of the human body to X-rays can be injurious to health. It is therefore
essential that whenever X-ray equipment is used, adequate precautions should be taken to protect the operator
and any other person in the vicinity. Recommended practice for radiation protection as well as limits for the levels
of X-radiation exposure are established by national legislation in each country. If there are no official regulations or
recommendations in a country, the latest recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological
Protection should be applied.
1 Scope
This document sets out the characteristics of instruments used for X-ray powder diffraction (“powder” as defined in
EN 13925-1:2003, Clause 5) as a basis for their control and hence quality assurance of the measurements made
by this technique. Performance testing indicators are given for diffractometer performance testing. Different types
and makes of X-ray powder diffractometer vary considerably in their design and intended fields of application. This
document attempts to cover as much of this range as possible by keeping to common principles. To make the
standard more readily applicable, the Bragg-Brentano configuration is addressed in most detail because of its wide
use. Additional considerations and adaptations may be necessary to cover some types of instruments or
configuration and some fields of application. Some of these types of instrument are described in Annex B.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references,
only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
EN 13925-2:2003, Non-destructive testing – X-ray diffraction from polycrystalline and amorphous materials – Part
2: Procedures
prEN 1330-11:2004, Non-destructive testing – Terminology – Part 11: X-ray Diffraction from P
...
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