SIST EN ISO 128-2:2023
(Main)Technical product documentation (TPD) - General principles of representation - Part 2: Basic conventions for lines (ISO 128-2:2022)
Technical product documentation (TPD) - General principles of representation - Part 2: Basic conventions for lines (ISO 128-2:2022)
This document establishes the types of lines used in technical drawings (e.g. diagrams, plans or
maps), their designations and their configurations, as well as general rules for the draughting of lines.
In addition, this document specifies general rules for the representation of leader and reference lines
and their components as well as for the arrangement of instructions on or at leader lines in technical
documents. Annexes have been provided for specific information on mechanical, construction and
shipbuilding technical drawings.
For the purposes of this document the term “technical drawing” is interpreted in the broadest
possible sense, encompassing the total package of documentation specifying the product (workpiece,
subassembly, assembly)
Technische Produktdokumentation (TPD) - Allgemeine Grundlagen der Darstellung - Teil 2: Linien, Grundregeln (ISO 128-2:2022)
Dieses Dokument legt die Linienarten, die in technischen Zeichnungen (z. B. Diagramme, Pläne oder Karten) verwendet werden, ihre Bezeichnungen und ihre Konfigurationen sowie allgemeine Regeln für das Zeichnen von Linien fest. Darüber hinaus legt dieses Dokument allgemeine Regeln zur Darstellung von Hinweis- und Bezugslinien und deren Komponenten sowie zur Anordnung von Anforderungen zu oder an Hinweislinien in technischen Dokumenten fest. Anhänge mit spezifischen Informationen zu technischen Zeichnungen der mechanischen Technik, des Bauwesens und des Schiffbaus werden zur Verfügung gestellt.
Für die Anwendung dieses Dokuments wird der Begriff „technische Zeichnung“ so allgemein wie möglich ausgelegt und umfasst das Gesamtpaket der Dokumentation zum Produkt (Werkstück, Unterbaugruppe, Baugruppe).
Documentation technique de produits (TPD) - Principes généraux de représentation - Partie 2: Conventions de base pour les traits (ISO 128-2:2022)
Le présent document établit les types de traits utilisés dans les dessins techniques (par exemple schémas, plans ou cartes), leurs désignations et leurs configurations, ainsi que les règles générales pour le tracé de traits. De plus, le présent document spécifie des règles générales pour la représentation des lignes repères et traits de référence et leurs composants, ainsi que pour la disposition des instructions sur ou aux lignes repères dans les documents techniques. Des annexes ont été prévues pour des informations spécifiques sur les dessins industriels, dessins de construction et dessins de construction navale.
Pour les besoins du présent document, le terme «dessin technique» est interprété au sens le plus large possible, englobant l'ensemble de la documentation spécifiant le produit (pièce, sous-ensemble, ensemble).
Tehnična dokumentacija izdelkov - Splošna načela prikazovanja - 2. del: Osnovni dogovori za črte (ISO 128-2:2022)
Ta dokument določa vrste črt, ki se uporabljajo na tehničnih risbah (npr. diagramih, načrtih ali zemljevidih), njihove oznake in konfiguracije ter splošna pravila za skiciranje črt.
Poleg tega dokument določa tudi splošna pravila za prikazovanje kazalnih in referenčnih črt ter njihovih elementov kot tudi za ureditev navodil glede kazalnih črt v tehničnih dokumentih. Podani so dodatki za specifične informacije o tehničnih risbah v strojništvu, gradbeništvu in ladjedelništvu.
Za namene tega dokumenta ima izraz »tehnična risba« najširši možni pomen, ki zajema celotno dokumentacijo o proizvodu (obdelovanec, podsestav, sestav).
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 128-2:2023
01-januar-2023
Nadomešča:
SIST EN ISO 128-2:2020
Tehnična dokumentacija izdelkov - Splošna načela prikazovanja - 2. del: Osnovni
dogovori za črte (ISO 128-2:2022)
Technical product documentation (TPD) - General principles of representation - Part 2:
Basic conventions for lines (ISO 128-2:2022)
Technische Produktdokumentation (TPD) - Allgemeine Grundlagen der Darstellung - Teil
2: Linien, Grundregeln (ISO 128-2:2022)
Documentation technique de produits (TPD) - Principes généraux de représentation -
Partie 2: Conventions de base pour les traits (ISO 128-2:2022)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 128-2:2022
ICS:
01.110 Tehnična dokumentacija za Technical product
izdelke documentation
SIST EN ISO 128-2:2023 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 128-2:2023
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 128-2:2023
EN ISO 128-2
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
November 2022
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 01.100.01 Supersedes EN ISO 128-2:2020
English Version
Technical product documentation (TPD) - General
principles of representation - Part 2: Basic conventions for
lines (ISO 128-2:2022)
Documentation technique de produits (TPD) - Technische Produktdokumentation (TPD) - Allgemeine
Principes généraux de représentation - Partie 2: Grundlagen der Darstellung - Teil 2: Linien,
Conventions de base pour les traits (ISO 128-2:2022) Grundregeln (ISO 128-2:2022)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 23 September 2022.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2022 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 128-2:2022 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 128-2:2023
EN ISO 128-2:2022 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
2
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 128-2:2023
EN ISO 128-2:2022 (E)
European foreword
This document (EN ISO 128-2:2022) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 10 "Technical
product documentation" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/SS F01 “Technical drawings”
the secretariat of which is held by CCMC.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2023, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by May 2023.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN ISO 128-2:2020.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards
body/national committee. A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and the
United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 128-2:2022 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 128-2:2022 without any modification.
3
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 128-2:2023
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 128-2:2023
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 128-2
Second edition
2022-10
Technical product documentation
(TPD) — General principles of
representation —
Part 2:
Basic conventions for lines
Documentation technique de produits (TPD) — Principes généraux de
représentation —
Partie 2: Conventions de base pour les traits
Reference number
ISO 128-2:2022(E)
© ISO 2022
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 128-2:2023
ISO 128-2:2022(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2022
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 128-2:2023
ISO 128-2:2022(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 S c op e . 1
2 Nor m at i ve r ef er enc e s . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 T ypes of lines . 3
4.1 General . 3
4.2 B asic types . 3
4.3 L ine subtypes . . 4
4.4 V ariations of the basic types of lines . 4
4.5 C ombinations of lines with the same length . 4
4.5.1 Arrangement of two or more lines parallel to each other . 4
4.5.2 A rrangement of two different types of lines . 5
4.5.3 Arrangement of two continuous lines parallel to each other with regularly
recurring connecting elements between them . 5
4.5.4 A rrangement of regularly recurring geometric pictorial elements in
association with continuous lines . 5
5 Li ne di mens ions . 6
5 .1 L i ne w idt h . 6
5.2 D eviation in line width . 6
5.3 C onfiguration of lines . 6
6 D raughting of lines . 7
6 .1 Sp ac i n g . 7
6 . 2 Ju nc t ion s . 7
6.2.1 T ypes . 7
6 . 2 . 2 R epr e s ent at ion . 9
6.3 L ocation of a second line . 10
6.4 H ierarchy of overlapping lines. 10
7 C olou r s .11
8 D e sig n at ion .11
9 B asic conventions and applications for leader lines and reference lines .11
9.1 P resentation of leader lines . 11
9.2 R epresentation of reference lines . 14
9.3 I ndication of instructions .15
Annex A (informative) Preparation of lines by CAD systems .17
Annex B (normative) Lines in construction technical drawings .30
Annex C (informative) Examples of application in construction technical drawings .33
Annex D (normative) Types of lines and their application in mechanical engineering
technical drawings .39
Annex E (informative) Examples of application in mechanical engineering technical
drawings .43
Annex F (normative) Types of lines and their application on shipbuilding technical
drawings .55
Annex G (informative) Application examples of the different types of lines on shipbuilding
technical drawings .57
Bibliography .68
iii
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 9 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 128-2:2023
ISO 128-2:2022(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 10, Technical product documentation,
in collaboration with the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/
SS F01, Technical drawings, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO
and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 128-2:2020), of which it constitutes a
minor revision. The changes are as follows:
— the term “line element” changed to “graphical basic element” throughout;
— in Annex C, Table C.1, the right-hand cell in the header has been changed from “Example” to “Figure
no.” to be consistent with Table E.1;
— in Annex D, Table D.1, item 04.2.1, duplicate text removed;
— in Annex G, Table G.1, the third header cell from the left has been changed from “Example” to
“Application” to be consistent with Table C.1 and Table E.1;
— in Annex E, Table E.1 and in Annex G, Table G.1, the right-hand cell in the header has been changed
from “Figure” to “Example” to be consistent with the rest of the document;
— minor editorial changes.
A list of all parts in the ISO 128 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 10 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 128-2:2023
ISO 128-2:2022(E)
Introduction
This document contains generally applicable rules for the presentation of lines in all kinds of technical
product documentation.
All figures in this document have been drawn in first-angle projection. It should be understood that
third-angle projection or other methods could have been used equally well without prejudice to the
principles established.
The application of lines within drawings of special technical fields varies considerably. Therefore, rules
of application specific to technical fields are given in Annexes B to G.
Annex A provides information for the calculation of the most important basic types of non-continuous
lines according to types of lines and their graphical basic elements.
v
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 11 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 128-2:2023
---------------------- Page: 12 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 128-2:2023
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 128-2:2022(E)
Technical product documentation (TPD) — General
principles of representation —
Part 2:
Basic conventions for lines
1 S cope
This document establishes the types of lines used in technical drawings (e.g. diagrams, plans or
maps), their designations and their configurations, as well as general rules for the draughting of lines.
In addition, this document specifies general rules for the representation of leader and reference lines
and their components as well as for the arrangement of instructions on or at leader lines in technical
documents. Annexes have been provided for specific information on mechanical, construction and
shipbuilding technical drawings.
For the purposes of this document the term “technical drawing” is interpreted in the broadest
possible sense, encompassing the total package of documentation specifying the product (workpiece,
subassembly, assembly).
2 Normat ive references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 128-3, Technical product documentation (TPD) — General principles of representation — Part 3: Views,
sections and cuts
ISO 128-15, Technical product documentation (TPD) — General principles of presentation — Part 15:
Presentation of shipbuilding drawings
ISO 129-1, Technical product documentation (TPD) — Presentation of dimensions and tolerances — Part 1:
General principles
ISO 129-5, Technical product documentation — Indication of dimensions and tolerances — Part 5:
Dimensioning of structural metal work
ISO 1101, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Geometrical tolerancing — Tolerances of form,
orientation, location and run-out
ISO 2203, Technical drawings — Conventional representation of gears
ISO 2538-2, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Wedges — Part 2: Dimensioning and tolerancing
ISO 2553, Welding and allied processes — Symbolic representation on drawings — Welded joints
ISO 3040, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Dimensioning and tolerancing — Cones
ISO 3766, Construction drawings — Simplified representation of concrete reinforcement
ISO 4463-1, Measurement methods for building — Setting-out and measurement — Part 1: Planning and
organization, measuring procedures, acceptance criteria
ISO 4463-3, Measurement methods for building — Setting-out and measurement — Part 3: Check-lists for
the procurement of surveys and measurement services
1
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 13 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 128-2:2023
ISO 128-2:2022(E)
ISO 5261, Technical drawings — Simplified representation of bars and profile sections
ISO 5455, Technical drawings — Scales
ISO 5456-4, Technical drawings — Projection methods — Part 4: Central projection
ISO 5459, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Geometrical tolerancing — Datums and datum
systems
ISO 6410-1, Technical drawings — Screw threads and threaded parts — Part 1: General conventions
ISO 6428, Technical drawings — Requirements for microcopying
ISO 7437, Technical drawings — Construction drawings — General rules for execution of production
drawings for prefabricated structural components
ISO 7519, Technical drawings — Construction drawings — General principles of presentation for general
arrangement and assembly drawings
ISO 8560, Technical drawings — Construction drawings — Representation of modular sizes, lines and grids
ISO 10110-1, Optics and photonics — Preparation of drawings for optical elements and systems — Part 1:
General
ISO 10135, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Drawing indications for moulded parts in technical
product documentation (TPD)
ISO 10209, Technical product documentation — Vocabulary — Terms relating to technical drawings,
product definition and related documentation
ISO 11091, Construction drawings — Landscape drawing practice
ISO 12671, Thermal spraying — Thermally sprayed coatings — Symbolic representation on drawings
ISO 15785, Technical drawings — Symbolic presentation and indication of adhesive, fold and pressed joints
ISO 15787, Technical product documentation — Heat-treated ferrous parts — Presentation and indications
ISO 16792, Technical product documentation — Digital product definition data practices
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 10209 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
graphical basic element
continuous graphical object with rounded or squared end shape which is represented in any way (e.g.
straight, curved), which has a length and a width
Note 1 to entry: See Figure A.1.
3.2
dot
graphical basic element (3.1) having a length equal to the width, d
Note 1 to entry: See Figure A.2.
2
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 14 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 128-2:2023
ISO 128-2:2022(E)
3.3
line
set of one or more graphical basic elements (3.1) having a length of more than the width
Note 1 to entry: See Figure A.3.
3.4
technical drawing
drawing showing a technical installation, process or product with a view to clarifying its structure and
enabling its construction
[SOURCE: ISO 5127:2017, 3.4.7.54, modified — Note 1 to entry removed.]
4 T ypes of lines
4.1 General
The line type designation consists of a combination of a basic line type and a subtype, depending on the
line width, see 4.2.
For the purposes of this document a line type application number is used to number the application
examples for the line types.
For applying line types to construction technical drawings, Annex B shall be applied. For applying line
types to mechanical engineering technical drawings, Annex D shall be applied. For applying line types
to ship building technical drawings, Annex F shall be applied.
4.2 Basic types
The basic line types are given in Table 1.
Table 1 — Basic line types
No. Representation Description
01 Continuous line
02 Dashed line
03 Dashed spaced line
04 Long-dashed dotted line
05 Long-dashed double-dotted line
06 Long-dashed triplicate-dotted line
07 Dotted line
08 Long-dashed short-dashed line
3
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 15 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 128-2:2023
ISO 128-2:2022(E)
TTabablele 1 1 ((ccoonnttiinnueuedd))
No. Representation Description
Long-dashed double-short-dashed
09
line
10 Dashed dotted line
11 Double-dashed dotted line
12 Dashed double-dotted line
13 Double-dashed double-dotted line
14 Dashed triplicate-dotted line
Double-dashed triplicate-dotted
15
line
4.3 Line subtypes
The line subtypes are given in Table 2.
Table 2 — Line subtypes
Subtype
Representation Description
a
no.
.1 Narrow
.2 Wide
.3 Extra-wide
a
Line identification structure
4.4 V ariations of the basic types of lines
The straight lines in Table 1 and the line widths of Table 2 can have variations as shown in Table 3.
Table 3 — Line variations
Representation Description
Uniform wavy continuous line
Uniform spiral continuous line
Uniform zigzag continuous line
Freehand or freeform curve contin-
uous line
NOTE This table contains only variations of the basic type of line no. 01. Variations of the basic types of no. 02 to no. 15 are
possible and are presented in the same way.
4.5 C ombinations of lines with the same length
4.5.1 Arrangement of two or more lines parallel to each other
For examples see Figure 1.
4
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 16 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 128-2:2023
ISO 128-2:2022(E)
Figure 1 — Example of lines parallel to each other
4.5.2 Arrangement of two different types of lines
a) With different line widths superimposed. See Figure 2 a) and b) for examples.
a) A continuous line and a dotted line b) A continuous line and a dashed spaced line
Figure 2 — Example of superimposed lines
b) Arranged next to each other. See Figure 3 for an example.
Figure 3 — Two continuous narrow lines either side of a wide dashed line
4.5.3 Arrangement of two continuous lines parallel to each other with regularly recurring
connecting elements between them
See Figure 4 a) and b) for examples.
a) Filled circular elements b) Filled trapezoidal elements
Figure 4 — Example of lines parallel to each other with regularly recurring connecting
elements
4.5.4 Arrangement of regularly recurring geometric pictorial elements in association with
continuous lines
a) Without interruption of a continuous line. See Figure 5 for examples.
Figure 5 — Without interruption of a continuous line
b) With interruption of a continuous line. See Figure 6 for examples.
5
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 17 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 128-2:2023
ISO 128-2:2022(E)
Figure 6 — With interruption of a continuous line
5 Line dim ensions
5.1 Line width
The width, d, of all types of lines shall be one of the following depending on the type and size of the
technical drawing. This series is based on a common ratio 1: √2 (≈1:1,4).
0,13 mm; 0,18 mm; 0,25 mm; 0,35 mm; 0,5 mm; 0,7 mm; 1 mm; 1,4 mm; 2 mm.
The widths of extra-wide, wide and narrow lines are in the ratio 4:2:1.
The line width of any one line shall be constant throughout the whole line.
See Annexes B, D and F for information on line widths pertaining to construction, mechanical and
shipbuilding technical drawings.
5.2 De viation in line width
Line widths can deviate from those specified in 5.1 providing that it is possible to differentiate
unambiguously between two adjacent lines with different widths. If technical drawing equipment
which produces constant line width is used, the deviation in line width between two such lines shall not
be greater than ± 0,1d.
5.3 Configuration of lines
For the preparation of technical drawings, the lengths of graphical basic elements should conform to
those of Table 4.
Table 4 — Lengths of graphical basic elements
Drawing element Line type no. Length
04 to 07 and
Dot ≤ d
10 to 15
02 and
Gap 3d
04 to 15
Short dash 08 and 09 6d
02, 03 and
Dash 12d
10 to 15
04 to 06,
Long dash ≈24d
08 and 09
Space 03 18d
NOTE The lengths shown in this table are valid for graphical basic elements with semi-
circular and squared ends. In the case of graphical basic elements with semi-circular
ends, the leng
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN ISO 128-2:2022
01-september-2022
Tehnična dokumentacija izdelkov - Splošna načela prikazovanja - 2. del: Osnovni
dogovori za črte (ISO/FDIS 128-2:2022)
Technical product documentation (TPD) - General principles of representation - Part 2:
Basic conventions for lines (ISO/FDIS 128-2:2022)
Technische Produktdokumentation (TPD) - Allgemeine Grundlagen der Darstellung - Teil
2: Linien, Grundregeln (ISO/FDIS 128-2:2022)
Documentation technique de produits (TPD) - Principes généraux de représentation -
Partie 2: Conventions de base pour les traits (ISO/FDIS 128-2:2022)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN ISO 128-2
ICS:
01.110 Tehnična dokumentacija za Technical product
izdelke documentation
oSIST prEN ISO 128-2:2022 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 128-2:2022
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 128-2:2022
FINAL
INTERNATIONAL ISO/FDIS
DRAFT
STANDARD 128-2
ISO/TC 10
Technical product documentation
Secretariat: SIS
(TPD) — General principles of
Voting begins on:
2022-05-30 representation —
Voting terminates on:
Part 2:
2022-08-22
Basic conventions for lines
Documentation technique de produits (TPD) — Principes généraux de
représentation —
Partie 2: Conventions de base pour les traits
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO
SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION
OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH
THEY ARE AWARE AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING
DOCUMENTATION.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
Reference number
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO-
ISO/FDIS 128-2:2022(E)
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES,
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON
OCCASION HAVE TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE
LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL TO BECOME STAN-
DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
NATIONAL REGULATIONS. © ISO 2022
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 128-2:2022
ISO/FDIS 128-2:2022(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2022
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 128-2:2022
ISO/FDIS 128-2:2022(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 S c op e . 1
2 Nor m at i ve r ef er enc e s . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 T ypes of lines . 3
4 .1 G ener a l . 3
4.2 B asic types . 3
4.3 L ine subtypes . . 4
4.4 V ariations of the basic types of lines . 4
4.5 C ombinations of lines with the same length . 4
4.5.1 Arrangement of two or more lines parallel to each other . 4
4.5.2 A rrangement of two different types of lines . 5
4.5.3 Arrangement of two continuous lines parallel to each other with regularly
recurring connecting elements between them . 5
4.5.4 A rrangement of regularly recurring geometric pictorial elements in
association with continuous lines . 5
5 Li ne di mens ions . 6
5 .1 L i ne w idt h . 6
5.2 D eviation in line width . 6
5.3 C onfiguration of lines . 6
6 D raughting of lines . 7
6 .1 Sp ac i n g . 7
6 . 2 Ju nc t ion s . 7
6.2.1 T ypes . 7
6 . 2 . 2 R epr e s ent at ion . 9
6.3 L ocation of a second line . 10
6.4 H ierarchy of overlapping lines. 10
7 C olou r s .11
8 D e sig n at ion .11
9 B asic conventions and applications for leader lines and reference lines .11
9.1 P resentation of leader lines . 11
9.2 R epresentation of reference lines . 14
9.3 I ndication of instructions .15
Annex A (informative) Preparation of lines by CAD systems .17
Annex B (normative) Lines on construction technical drawings .30
Annex C (informative) Examples of application on construction technical drawings .33
Annex D (normative) Types of lines and their application on mechanical engineering
technical drawings .39
Annex E (informative) Examples of application on mechanical engineering technical
drawings .43
Annex F (normative) Types of lines and their application on shipbuilding technical
drawings .55
Annex G (informative) Application examples of the different types of lines on shipbuilding
technical drawings .57
Bibliography .68
iii
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 128-2:2022
ISO/FDIS 128-2:2022(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 10, Technical product documentation,
in collaboration with the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/
SS F01, Technical drawings, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO
and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 128-2:2020), of which it constitutes a
minor revision. The changes are as follows:
— the term “line element” changed to “graphical basic element” throughout;
— in Annex C, Table C.1, the right-hand cell in the header has been changed from “Example” to “Figure
no.” to be consistent with Table E.1;
— in Annex D, Table D.1, item 04.2.1, duplicate text removed;
— in Annex G, Table G.1, the third header cell from the left has been changed from “Example” to
“Application” to be consistent with Table C.1 and Table E.1;
— in Annex E, Table E.1 and in Annex G, Table G.1, the right-hand cell in the header has been changed
from “Figure” to “Example” to be consistent with the rest of the document;
— minor editorial changes.
A list of all parts in the ISO 128 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 128-2:2022
ISO/FDIS 128-2:2022(E)
Introduction
This document contains generally applicable rules for the presentation of lines in all kinds of technical
product documentation.
All figures in this document have been drawn in first-angle projection. It should be understood that
third-angle projection or other methods could have been used equally well without prejudice to the
principles established.
The application of lines within drawings of special technical fields varies considerably. Therefore, rules
of application specific to technical fields are given in Annexes B to G.
Annex A provides information for the calculation of the most important basic types of non-continuous
lines according to types of lines and their graphical basic elements.
v
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 128-2:2022
---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 128-2:2022
FINAL DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/FDIS 128-2:2022(E)
Technical product documentation (TPD) — General
principles of representation —
Part 2:
Basic conventions for lines
1 S cope
This document establishes the types of lines used in technical drawings (e.g. diagrams, plans or
maps), their designations and their configurations, as well as general rules for the draughting of lines.
In addition, this document specifies general rules for the representation of leader and reference lines
and their components as well as for the arrangement of instructions on or at leader lines in technical
documents. Annexes have been provided for specific information on mechanical, construction and
shipbuilding technical drawings.
For the purposes of this document the term “technical drawing” is interpreted in the broadest
possible sense, encompassing the total package of documentation specifying the product (workpiece,
subassembly, assembly).
2 Normat ive references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 128-3, Technical drawings — General principles of representation — Part 3: Views, sections and cuts
ISO 128-15, Technical product documentation (TPD) — General principles of presentation — Part 15:
Presentation of shipbuilding drawings
ISO 129-1, Technical product documentation (TPD) — Presentation of dimensions and tolerances — Part 1:
General principles
ISO 129-5, Technical product documentation — Indication of dimensions and tolerances — Part 5:
Dimensioning of structural metal work
ISO 1101, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Geometrical tolerancing — Tolerances of form,
orientation, location and run-out
ISO 2203, Technical drawings — Conventional representation of gears
ISO 2538-2, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Wedges — Part 2: Dimensioning and tolerancing
ISO 2553, Welding and allied processes — Symbolic representation on drawings — Welded joints
ISO 3040, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Dimensioning and tolerancing — Cones
ISO 3766, Construction drawings — Simplified representation of concrete reinforcement
ISO 4463-1, Measurement methods for building — Setting-out and measurement — Part 1: Planning and
organization, measuring procedures, acceptance criteria
ISO 4463-3, Measurement methods for building — Setting-out and measurement — Part 3: Check-lists for
the procurement of surveys and measurement services
1
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 9 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 128-2:2022
ISO/FDIS 128-2:2022(E)
ISO 5261, Technical drawings — Simplified representation of bars and profile sections
ISO 5455, Technical drawings — Scales
ISO 5456-4, Technical drawings — Projection methods — Part 4: Central projection
ISO 5459, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Geometrical tolerancing — Datums and datum
systems
ISO 6410-1, Technical drawings — Screw threads and threaded parts — Part 1: General conventions
ISO 6428, Technical drawings — Requirements for microcopying
ISO 7437, Technical drawings — Construction drawings — General rules for execution of production
drawings for prefabricated structural components
ISO 7519, Technical drawings — Construction drawings — General principles of presentation for general
arrangement and assembly drawings
ISO 8560, Technical drawings — Construction drawings — Representation of modular sizes, lines and grids
ISO 10110-1, Optics and photonics — Preparation of drawings for optical elements and systems — Part 1:
General
ISO 10135, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Drawing indications for moulded parts in technical
product documentation (TPD)
ISO 10209, Technical product documentation — Vocabulary — Terms relating to technical drawings,
product definition and related documentation
ISO 11091, Construction drawings — Landscape drawing practice
ISO 12671, Thermal spraying — Thermally sprayed coatings — Symbolic representation on drawings
ISO 15785, Technical drawings — Symbolic presentation and indication of adhesive, fold and pressed joints
ISO 15787, Technical product documentation — Heat-treated ferrous parts — Presentation and indications
ISO 16792, Technical product documentation — Digital product definition data practices
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 10209 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
graphical basic element
continuous graphical object with rounded or squared end shape which is represented in any way (e.g.
straight, curved), which has a length and a width
Note 1 to entry: See Figure A.1.
3.2
dot
graphical basic element (3.1) having a length equal to the width, d
Note 1 to entry: See Figure A.2.
2
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 10 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 128-2:2022
ISO/FDIS 128-2:2022(E)
3.3
line
set of one or more graphical basic elements (3.1) having a length of more than the width
Note 1 to entry: See Figure A.3.
3.4
technical drawing
drawing showing a technical installation, process or product with a view to clarifying its structure and
enabling its construction
[SOURCE: ISO 5127:2017, 3.4.7.54, modified — Note 1 to entry removed.]
4 T ypes of lines
4.1 General
The line type designation consists of a combination of a basic line type and a subtype, depending on the
line width, see 4.2.
For the purposes of this document a line type application number is used to number the application
examples for the line types.
For applying line types to construction technical drawings, Annex B shall be applied. For applying line
types to mechanical engineering technical drawings, Annex D shall be applied. For applying line types
to ship building technical drawings, Annex F shall be applied.
4.2 Basic types
The basic line types are given in Table 1.
Table 1 — Basic line types
No. Representation Description
01 Continuous line
02 Dashed line
03 Dashed spaced line
04 Long-dashed dotted line
05 Long-dashed double-dotted line
06 Long-dashed triplicate-dotted line
07 Dotted line
08 Long-dashed short-dashed line
3
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 11 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 128-2:2022
ISO/FDIS 128-2:2022(E)
Table 1 (continued)
No. Representation Description
Long-dashed double-short-dashed
09
line
10 Dashed dotted line
11 Double-dashed dotted line
12 Dashed double-dotted line
13 Double-dashed double-dotted line
14 Dashed triplicate-dotted line
Double-dashed triplicate-dotted
15
line
4.3 Line subtypes
The line subtypes are given in Table 2.
Table 2 — Line subtypes
Subtype
Representation Description
a
no.
.1 Narrow
.2 Wide
.3 Extra-wide
a
Line identification structure
4.4 V ariations of the basic types of lines
The straight lines in Table 1 and the line widths of Table 2 can have variations as shown in Table 3.
Table 3 — Line variations
Representation Description
Uniform wavy continuous line
Uniform spiral continuous line
Uniform zigzag continuous line
Freehand or freeform curve contin-
uous line
NOTE This table contains only variations of the basic type of line no. 01. Variations of the basic types of no. 02 to no. 15 are
possible and are presented in the same way.
4.5 C ombinations of lines with the same length
4.5.1 Arrangement of two or more lines parallel to each other
For examples see Figure 1.
4
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 12 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 128-2:2022
ISO/FDIS 128-2:2022(E)
Figure 1 — Example of lines parallel to each other
4.5.2 Arrangement of two different types of lines
a) With different line widths superimposed. See Figure 2 a) and b) for examples.
a) A continuous line and a dotted line b) A continuous line and a dashed spaced line
Figure 2 — Example of superimposed lines
b) Arranged next to each other. See Figure 3 for an example.
Figure 3 — Two continuous narrow lines either side of a wide dashed line
4.5.3 Arrangement of two continuous lines parallel to each other with regularly recurring
connecting elements between them
See Figure 4 a) and b) for examples.
a) Filled circular elements b) Filled trapezoidal elements
Figure 4 — Example of lines parallel to each other with regularly recurring connecting
elements
4.5.4 Arrangement of regularly recurring geometric pictorial elements in association with
continuous lines
a) Without interruption of a continuous line. See Figure 5 for examples.
Figure 5 — Without interruption of a continuous line
b) With interruption of a continuous line. See Figure 6 for examples.
5
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 13 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 128-2:2022
ISO/FDIS 128-2:2022(E)
Figure 6 — With interruption of a continuous line
5 Line dim ensions
5.1 Line width
The width, d, of all types of lines shall be one of the following depending on the type and size of the
technical drawing. This series is based on a common ratio 1: √2 (≈1:1,4).
0,13 mm; 0,18 mm; 0,25 mm; 0,35 mm; 0,5 mm; 0,7 mm; 1 mm; 1,4 mm; 2 mm.
The widths of extra-wide, wide and narrow lines are in the ratio 4:2:1.
The line width of any one line shall be constant throughout the whole line.
See Annexes B, D and F for information on line widths pertaining to construction, mechanical and
shipbuilding technical drawings.
5.2 De viation in line width
Line widths can deviate from those specified in 5.1 providing that it is possible to differentiate
unambiguously between two adjacent lines with different widths. If technical drawing equipment
which produces constant line width is used, the deviation in line width between two such lines shall not
be greater than ± 0,1d.
5.3 Configuration of lines
For the preparation of technical drawings, the lengths of graphical basic elements should conform to
those of Table 4.
Table 4 — Lengths of graphical basic elements
Drawing element Line type no. Length
04 to 07 and
Dot ≤ d
10 to 15
02 and
Gap 3d
04 to 15
Short dash 08 and 09 6d
02, 03 and
Dash 12d
10 to 15
04 to 06,
Long dash ≈24d
08 and 09
Space 03 18d
NOTE The lengths shown in this table are valid for graphical basic elements with semi-
circular and squared ends. In the case of graphical basic elements with semi-circular
ends, the length of the graphical basic element corresponds to the distance covered by a
technical pen (with a tubular tip and using India ink) from the origin up to the end of the
graphical basic element. The total length of such a graphical basic element is the sum of
the length shown in this table, plus d.
6
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 14 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 128-2:2022
ISO/FDIS 128-2:2022(E)
Formulae for the calculation of some of the basic types of lines and graphical basic elements are given in
Annex A. The formulae are intended to facilitate the preparation of technical drawings using computer-
aided design (CAD) systems.
6 Dr aughting of lines
6.1 Spacing
The minimum space between parallel lines should not be less than 0,7 mm.
In certain cases when computer-aided technical drawing techniques are used, the spacing of lines on
the technical drawing does not represent the actual spacing, for example for the representation of
screw threads. This has to be considered when data sets are established, for example for the operation
of machine tools.
6.2 Junctions
6.2.1 Types
The basic types of lines, no. 02 to no. 06 and no. 08 to no. 15, should meet at a dash to avoid ambiguity;
see Figures 7 to 12.
Figure 7 — Long-dashed short-dashed lines intersecting as a cross
Figure 8 — Dashed lines intersecting as a cross
7
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 15 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 128-2:2022
ISO/FDIS 128-2:2022(E)
Figure 9 — Dashed lines intersecting as a partial cross
Figure 10 — Four dashed lines meeting at an intersection
Figure 11 — Dash dotted lines intersecting as a cross and dashed lines meeting at corners
Figure 12 — Dashed lines meeting at corners and at intersection
Lines of basic type no. 07 should meet at a dot to avoid ambiguity, see Figure 13.
8
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 16 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 128-2:2022
ISO/FDIS 128-2:2022(E)
Figure 13 — Dotted lines intersecting at a dot
6.2.2 Representation
Techniques for applying the recommendations of 6.2.1 are to start the lines at the junction (see
Figure 14) or by using a complete, or partial, cross or Y (see Figures 15 and 16).
Figure 14 — Partial cross intersection
9
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 17 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 128-2:2022
ISO/FDIS 128-2:2022(E)
Figure 15 — Cross intersection
Figure 16 — Y intersection
6.3 Location of a sec ond line
Two different ways of presenting two parallel lines are shown in Figures 17 and 18.
Figure 17 — Example of parallel lines with solid line above dashed line
Figure 18 — Example of parallel lines with dashed line above solid line
6.4 Hier archy of overlapping lines
The rules of overlapping types of lines are defined in Annex D.
10
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 18 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 128-2:2022
ISO/FDIS 128-2:2022(E)
7 Colours
Lines shall be drawn in black or white depending on the colour of the background. By default, lines
are black on a white background. Other standardized colours may also be used for technical drawing
standardized lines. In this case, the meaning of the colours shall be explained.
8 Designation
The designation of the basic types of lines shall comprise the following elements in the order given,
with spaces between the elements:
a) “Line”;
b) reference to this document;
c) dash separator;
d) the number o
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.